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class="vector-toc-link" href="#SpaceX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 SpaceX </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SpaceX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Starlink" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Starlink"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Starlink </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Starlink-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tesla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tesla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Tesla </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tesla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SolarCity_and_Tesla_Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SolarCity_and_Tesla_Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 SolarCity and Tesla Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SolarCity_and_Tesla_Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neuralink" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neuralink"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Neuralink </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neuralink-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Boring_Company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Boring_Company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 The Boring Company </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Boring_Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-X_corp." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#X_corp."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 X corp. </div> </a> <ul id="toc-X_corp.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Other activities </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other activities subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hyperloop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hyperloop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Hyperloop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hyperloop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OpenAI_and_xAI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OpenAI_and_xAI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 OpenAI and xAI </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OpenAI_and_xAI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_jet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_jet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Private jet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_jet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trump's_inauguration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trump's_inauguration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Trump's inauguration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trump's_inauguration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Department_of_Government_Efficiency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Government_Efficiency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Department of Government Efficiency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Government_Efficiency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Views </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Views subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 International relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Legal affairs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relationships_and_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships_and_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Relationships and children </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationships_and_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Wealth </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wealth-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Wealth subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Wealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Musk_Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musk_Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Musk Foundation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musk_Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Public image </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_image-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Public image subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Public_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Accolades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Elon Musk</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 147 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-147" aria-hidden="true" > 147 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%8E%E1%8A%95_%E1%88%9B%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AD" title="ኢሎን ማስክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢሎን ማስክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83" title="إيلون ماسك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيلون ماسك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D6%84" title="Իլան Մասք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իլան Մասք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D" title="ইলন মাস্ক্ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইলন মাস্ক্" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="एलन मस्क – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="एलन मस्क" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0lon_Mask" title="İlon Mask – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İlon Mask" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="ایلان ماسک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایلان ماسک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="ইলন মাস্ক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইলন মাস্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Ілан Маск – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ілан Маск" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Ілан Маск – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ілан Маск" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="ईलॉन मस्क – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ईलॉन मस्क" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Илон Мъск – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Илон Мъск" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Илон Маск – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Илон Маск" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Маск Илон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Маск Илон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83" title="إيلون ماسك – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إيلون ماسك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="एलन मस्क – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="एलन मस्क" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8A%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA" title="Ίλον Μασκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ίλον Μασκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="ایلان ماسک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایلان ماسک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95" title="એલોન મસ્ક – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="એલોન મસ્ક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%A1%A0_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC" title="일론 머스크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일론 머스크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF" title="Իլոն Մասկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իլոն Մասկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="एलन मस्क – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एलन मस्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Elon_Musk" title="U-Elon Musk – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="U-Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A7" title="אילון מאסק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אילון מאסק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಎಲಾನ್ ಮಸ್ಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಲಾನ್ ಮಸ್ಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ილონ მასკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ილონ მასკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%B3%D9%95%DA%A9" title="ایلان مَسٕک – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ایلان مَسٕک" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Илон Маск – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Илон Маск" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Илон Маск – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Илон Маск" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99_%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ອີລອນ ມັດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອີລອນ ມັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAlons_Masks" title="Īlons Masks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Īlons Masks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="एलन मस्क – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="एलन मस्क" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Илон Маск – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Илон Маск" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ഈലോൺ മസ്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഈലോൺ മസ്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="इलॉन मस्क – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इलॉन मस्क" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ელონ მასკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ელონ მასკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%83" title="ايلون مسك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايلون مسك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="ایلان ماسک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایلان ماسک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯃꯁ꯭ꯛ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯃꯁ꯭ꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Элон Маск – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Элон Маск" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="အီလွန် မက်စ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီလွန် မက်စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="एलन मस्क – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एलन मस्क" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF" title="イーロン・マスク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イーロン・マスク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95" title="ଇଲନ ମସ୍କ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଲନ ମସ୍କ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95" title="ਐਲੋਨ ਮਸਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਲੋਨ ਮਸਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="ایلون مسک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایلون مسک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="ایلان ماسک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ایلان ماسک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8D" title="អេឡុន ម៉ាសក៍ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អេឡុន ម៉ាសក៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilon_Mask" title="Ilon Mask – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ilon Mask" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA,_%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Маск, Илон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маск, Илон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Илон Маск – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Илон Маск" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="ඊලෝන් මස්ක් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඊලෝන් මස්ක්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%AA" title="ايلون مسڪ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ايلون مسڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%86%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="ئیلۆن مەسک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیلۆن مەسک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Илон Маск – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Илон Маск" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="எலான் மசுக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எலான் மசுக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0lon_Mask" title="İlon Mask – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="İlon Mask" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87_%E1%80%99%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA" title="ဢီႇလွၼ်ႇ မသ်ႉၵ် – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဢီႇလွၼ်ႇ မသ်ႉၵ်" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="ఎలన్ మస్క్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎలన్ మస్క్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C" title="อีลอน มัสก์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อีลอน มัสก์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Илон Маск – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Илон Маск" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Ілон Маск – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ілон Маск" 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data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E9%9A%86%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="伊隆·马斯克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊隆·马斯克" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Elon Musk" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%9A%86%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="埃隆·马斯克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃隆·马斯克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Reeve_Musk" title="Elon Reeve Musk – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Elon Reeve Musk" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Business executive (born 1971)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Elon Musk (disambiguation)">Elon Musk (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Elon Musk</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Elon Musk, a white, middle-age man with short, dark hair, wearing a black suit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_crop.jpg/220px-Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_crop.jpg/330px-Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_crop.jpg/440px-Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="1691" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Musk in 2018</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Elon Reeve Musk</div> (1971-06-28) June 28, 1971 (age 53) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transvaal_(province)" title="Transvaal (province)">Transvaal</a>, South Africa</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>South Africa</li> <li>Canada (from 1989)</li> <li>United States (from 2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li>CEO and product architect of <a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a></li> <li>Founder, CEO, and chief engineer of <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></li> <li>Owner, CTO and executive chairman of <a href="/wiki/X_(social_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="X (social network)">X</a> (formerly Twitter)</li> <li>Founder of <a href="/wiki/The_Boring_Company" title="The Boring Company">the Boring Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/X_Corp." title="X Corp.">X Corp.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/XAI_(company)" title="XAI (company)">xAI</a></li> <li>Co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Neuralink" title="Neuralink">Neuralink</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zip2" title="Zip2">Zip2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/X.com_(bank)" title="X.com (bank)">X.com</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a>)</li> <li>President of the <a href="/wiki/Musk_Foundation" title="Musk Foundation">Musk Foundation</a></li> <li>Head of <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency" title="Department of Government Efficiency">Department of Government Efficiency</a> temporary organization</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Justine_Musk" title="Justine Musk">Justine Wilson</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2000; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2008)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Talulah_Riley" title="Talulah Riley">Talulah Riley</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2010; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2012)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-line-margin3px"></div> <div class="marriage-display-ws"> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2013; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2016)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">12<a href="#cite_note-12Kids-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maye_Musk" title="Maye Musk">Maye Musk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Errol_Musk" title="Errol Musk">Errol Musk</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Musk_family" title="Musk family">Musk family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Elon_Musk" title="List of awards and honors received by Elon Musk">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk_on_Narendra_Modi.wav" title="File:Elon Musk on Narendra Modi.wav">Elon Musk's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="145" data-mwtitle="Elon_Musk_on_Narendra_Modi.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Elon_Musk_on_Narendra_Modi.wav/Elon_Musk_on_Narendra_Modi.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Elon_Musk_on_Narendra_Modi.wav/Elon_Musk_on_Narendra_Modi.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Elon_Musk_on_Narendra_Modi.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Elon Musk speaking about <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and his meeting with its prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> Recorded June 20, 2023</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Elon_Musk_Signature.svg/150px-Elon_Musk_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Elon_Musk_Signature.svg/225px-Elon_Musk_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Elon_Musk_Signature.svg/300px-Elon_Musk_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="64" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:lavender;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk,_2018_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Elon_Musk%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Elon_Musk%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Elon_Musk%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Elon_Musk%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Elon_Musk%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Elon_Musk%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1155" /></a></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:lavender;color:black;"><div>This article is part of a series about</div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elon Musk</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Elon_Musk" title="List of awards and honors received by Elon Musk">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Elon_Musk" title="Business career of Elon Musk">Business career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">Views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Elon_Musk" class="mw-redirect" title="Family of Elon Musk">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_filmography" title="Elon Musk filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Elon_Musk" title="International relations of Elon Musk">International relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Elon_Musk" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal and business legal affairs of Elon Musk">Legal affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Elon_Musk" title="Public image of Elon Musk">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Elon_Musk" title="Wealth of Elon Musk">Wealth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musk_Foundation" title="Musk Foundation">Foundation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_activities_of_Elon_Musk" title="Political activities of Elon Musk">Political activities</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Companies</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zip2" title="Zip2">Zip2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.com_(bank)" title="X.com (bank)">X.com</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SolarCity" title="SolarCity">SolarCity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Energy" title="Tesla Energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Tesla,_Inc." title="Criticism of Tesla, Inc.">criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Tesla,_Inc." title="List of lawsuits involving Tesla, Inc.">litigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuralink" title="Neuralink">Neuralink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Boring_Company" title="The Boring Company">The Boring Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boring_Test_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Boring Test Tunnel">Boring Test Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Corp." title="X Corp.">X Corp.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Twitter under Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter,_Inc." title="Twitter, Inc.">Twitter, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">acquisition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAI_(company)" title="XAI (company)">xAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thud_(media_company)" title="Thud (media company)">Thud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Institute_of_Technology_and_Science" title="Texas Institute of Technology and Science">Texas Institute</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Politics</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_PAC" title="America PAC">America PAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_salute_controversy" title="Elon Musk salute controversy">Salute controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency" title="Department of Government Efficiency">Department of Government Efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBG_PAC" title="RBG PAC">RBG PAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_and_unions" title="Elon Musk and unions">Elon Musk and trade unions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_and_unions" title="Tesla and unions">Tesla</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">In popular culture</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_(Isaacson_book)" title="Elon Musk (Isaacson book)"> Elon Musk (Isaacson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk:_Tesla,_SpaceX,_and_the_Quest_for_a_Fantastic_Future" title="Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future">Elon Musk (Vance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludicrous:_The_Unvarnished_Story_of_Tesla_Motors" title="Ludicrous: The Unvarnished Story of Tesla Motors">Ludicrous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Play:_Tesla,_Elon_Musk,_and_the_Bet_of_the_Century" title="Power Play: Tesla, Elon Musk, and the Bet of the Century">Power Play</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Members_Only_(South_Park)" title="Members Only (South Park)">Members Only</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Platonic_Permutation" title="The Platonic Permutation">The Platonic Permutation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Musk_Who_Fell_to_Earth" title="The Musk Who Fell to Earth">The Musk Who Fell to Earth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Crew_over_the_Crewcoo%27s_Morty" title="One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty">One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Crash_Course" title="Elon Musk's Crash Course">Elon Musk's Crash Course</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Related</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Tesla_Roadster" title="Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster">Tesla Roadster in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSLAQ" title="TSLAQ">TSLAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_Files" title="Twitter Files">Twitter Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2022_Twitter_suspensions" title="December 2022 Twitter suspensions">2022 Twitter suspensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tesla_Autopilot_crashes" title="List of Tesla Autopilot crashes">List of Tesla Autopilot crashes</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elon_Musk_series" title="Template:Elon Musk series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elon_Musk_series" title="Template talk:Elon Musk series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elon_Musk_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elon Musk series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Elon Reeve Musk (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈiːlɒn mʌsk/</a>; born June 28, 1971) is a businessman and U.S. <a href="/wiki/Special_Government_employee" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Government employee">special government employee</a>, best known for <a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Elon_Musk" title="Business career of Elon Musk">his key roles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency" title="Department of Government Efficiency">Department of Government Efficiency</a> (DOGE), and <a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">his ownership</a> of <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>. Musk is the <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires" title="The World's Billionaires">wealthiest individual in the world</a>; as of February 2025<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elon_Musk&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> estimates <a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Elon_Musk" title="Wealth of Elon Musk">his net worth</a> to be US$397 billion. Musk was born to <a href="/wiki/Musk_family" title="Musk family">an affluent South African family</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> before immigrating to Canada, acquiring <a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">its citizenship</a> from his mother. He moved to California in 1995 to attend <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, and with his brother <a href="/wiki/Kimbal_Musk" title="Kimbal Musk">Kimbal</a> co-founded the software company <a href="/wiki/Zip2" title="Zip2">Zip2</a>, that was later acquired by <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a> in 1999. That same year, Musk co-founded <a href="/wiki/X.com_(bank)" title="X.com (bank)">X.com</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Direct_bank" title="Direct bank">direct bank</a>, that later formed <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a>. In 2002, Musk acquired <a href="/wiki/United_States_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="United States citizenship">U.S. citizenship</a>, and <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a> acquired PayPal. Using the money he made from the sale, Musk founded SpaceX, a <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">spaceflight</a> services company, in 2002. In 2004, Musk was an early investor in <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a> manufacturer Tesla and became its chairman and later CEO. In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a> (SEC) sued Musk for fraud, alleging he falsely announced that he had secured funding for a private takeover of Tesla; he stepped down as chairman and paid a fine. Musk was named <a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Time magazine's Person of the Year</a> in 2021. In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">he acquired Twitter</a>, and rebranded the service as X the following year. In January 2025, he was appointed head of Trump's newly created DOGE. <a href="/wiki/Political_activities_of_Elon_Musk" title="Political activities of Elon Musk">His political activities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">views</a> have made him <a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Elon_Musk" title="Public image of Elon Musk">a polarizing figure</a>. He has been criticized for making unscientific and misleading statements, including <a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Views of Elon Musk">COVID-19 misinformation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk#Race_and_white_nationalism" title="Views of Elon Musk">affirming antisemitic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk#Transgender_issues" title="Views of Elon Musk">transphobic comments</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk#Conspiracy_theories" title="Views of Elon Musk">promoting conspiracy theories</a>. His acquisition of Twitter was controversial due to a subsequent <a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk#Increase_in_hate_speech" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">increase in hate speech</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk#Handling_of_misinformation_and_disinformation" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">spread of misinformation</a> on the service. Musk has engaged in political activities in several countries, including as a vocal and financial supporter of U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>. He was the largest donor in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a>, and has been a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a> activists, causes, and political parties. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Musk_family" title="Musk family">Musk family</a></div> Elon Reeve Musk was born on June 28, 1971, in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, South Africa's administrative capital.<a href="#cite_note-Eligon-2022-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> He is of British and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a> ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-sjmn20140411-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> His mother, <a href="/wiki/Maye_Musk" title="Maye Musk">Maye</a> (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Haldeman), is a model and dietitian born in <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, Canada, and raised in South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Biog-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Usborne-2018-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[a]</a> His father, Errol Musk, is a South African <a href="/wiki/Electromechanics" title="Electromechanics">electromechanical engineer</a>, pilot, sailor, consultant, <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">emerald</a> dealer, and property developer, who partly owned a rental lodge at <a href="/wiki/Timbavati_Private_Nature_Reserve" title="Timbavati Private Nature Reserve">Timbavati Private Nature Reserve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Isaacson-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewYorker2009-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith-18">[17]</a> Elon has a younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Kimbal_Musk" title="Kimbal Musk">Kimbal</a>, a younger sister, <a href="/wiki/Tosca_Musk" title="Tosca Musk">Tosca</a>, as well as four paternal half-siblings.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Usborne-2018-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> Musk was raised in the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Southern_Africa" title="Anglican Church of Southern Africa">Anglican Church</a>, in which he was <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptized</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Higgins2024-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rees2024-23">[22]</a> The Musk family was wealthy during Elon's youth.<a href="#cite_note-Smith-18">[17]</a> Despite both Elon and Errol previously stating that Errol was a part owner of a Zambian emerald mine,<a href="#cite_note-Smith-18">[17]</a> in 2023, Errol recounted that the deal he made was to receive "a portion of the emeralds produced at three small mines".<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> Errol was elected to the Pretoria City Council as a representative of the anti-apartheid <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Progressive Party (South Africa)">Progressive Party</a> and has said that his children shared their father's dislike of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Eligon-2022-2">[2]</a> After his parents divorced in 1980, Elon chose to live primarily with his father.<a href="#cite_note-sjmn20140411-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Isaacson-15">[14]</a> Elon later regretted his decision and became estranged from his father.<a href="#cite_note-rollingstone20171115-26">[25]</a> Elon has recounted trips to a wilderness school that he described as a "paramilitary <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Flies" title="Lord of the Flies">Lord of the Flies</a>" where "bullying was a virtue" and children were encouraged to fight over rations.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> In one incident, after an altercation with a fellow pupil, Elon was thrown down concrete steps and beaten severely, leading to him being hospitalized for his injuries.<a href="#cite_note-Isaacson23-28">[27]</a> Elon described his father berating him after he was discharged from the hospital.<a href="#cite_note-Isaacson23-28">[27]</a> Errol denied berating Elon and claimed, "The boy had just lost his father to suicide and Elon had called him stupid. Elon had a tendency to call people stupid. How could I possibly blame that child?"<a href="#cite_note-Bhaimiya-29">[28]</a> Elon was an enthusiastic reader of books, and had attributed his success in part to having read <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(book_series)" title="Foundation (book series)">Foundation series</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy_(novel)" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (novel)">The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NewYorker2009-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> At age ten, he developed an interest in computing and video games, teaching himself how to program from the <a href="/wiki/VIC-20" title="VIC-20">VIC-20</a> user manual.<a href="#cite_note-Vance-31">[30]</a> At age twelve, Elon sold his <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a>-based game Blastar to PC and Office Technology magazine for approximately $500.<a href="#cite_note-play-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PBHS-facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An ornate school building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PBHS-facade.jpg/220px-PBHS-facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PBHS-facade.jpg/330px-PBHS-facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PBHS-facade.jpg/440px-PBHS-facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1146" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Musk graduated from <a href="/wiki/Pretoria_Boys_High_School" title="Pretoria Boys High School">Pretoria Boys High School</a> in South Africa.</figcaption></figure> Musk attended <a href="/wiki/Waterkloof_House_Preparatory_School" title="Waterkloof House Preparatory School">Waterkloof House Preparatory School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryanston_High_School" title="Bryanston High School">Bryanston High School</a>, and then <a href="/wiki/Pretoria_Boys_High_School" title="Pretoria Boys High School">Pretoria Boys High School</a>, where he graduated.<a href="#cite_note-slate20191204-34">[33]</a> Musk was a good but unexceptional student, earning a 61 in <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> and a B on his senior math certification.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Musk applied for a Canadian passport <a href="/wiki/Jus_sanguinis" title="Jus sanguinis">through</a> his Canadian-born mother to avoid South Africa's <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_South_Africa" title="Conscription in South Africa">mandatory military service</a>,<a href="#cite_note-arrived-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> which would have forced him to participate in the apartheid regime,<a href="#cite_note-Eligon-2022-2">[2]</a> as well as to ease his path to immigration to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Esquire-38">[37]</a> While waiting for his application to be processed, he attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pretoria" title="University of Pretoria">University of Pretoria</a> for five months.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Musk arrived in Canada in June 1989, connected with a second cousin in Saskatchewan,<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> and worked odd jobs including at a farm and a lumber mill.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> In 1990, he entered <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston, Ontario</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Two years later, he transferred to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, where he studied until 1995.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> Although Musk has said that he earned his degrees in 1995, the University of Pennsylvania did not award them until 1997 – a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> in physics and a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> in economics from the university's <a href="/wiki/Wharton_School" title="Wharton School">Wharton School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vance368-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-VanceA1-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> He reportedly hosted large, ticketed house parties to help pay for tuition, and wrote a business plan for an electronic book-scanning service similar to <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ironman-50">[49]</a> In 1994, Musk held two internships in <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>: one at energy storage startup Pinnacle Research Institute, which investigated electrolytic <a href="/wiki/Supercapacitor" title="Supercapacitor">supercapacitors</a> for energy storage, and another at <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto</a>–based startup <a href="/wiki/Rocket_Science_Games" title="Rocket Science Games">Rocket Science Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> In 1995, he was accepted to a graduate program in <a href="/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science">materials science</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, but did not enroll.<a href="#cite_note-VanceA1-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vance368-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sacchetti1026-53">[52]</a> Musk decided to join the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">Internet boom</a>, applying for a job at <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a>, to which he reportedly never received a response.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-arrived-36">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> reported that Musk lacked legal authorization to remain and work in the United States after failing to enroll at Stanford.<a href="#cite_note-Sacchetti1026-53">[52]</a> In response, Musk said he was allowed to work at that time and that his student visa transitioned to an <a href="/wiki/H-1B_visa" title="H-1B visa">H1-B</a>. According to numerous former business associates and shareholders, Musk said he was on a student visa at the time.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_career">Business career</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Elon_Musk" title="Business career of Elon Musk">Business career of Elon Musk</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zip2">Zip2</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zip2" title="Zip2">Zip2</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7Qh-vwpYH8">Musk speaks of his early business experience during a 2014 commencement speech at University of Southern California</a> on YouTube</td></tr></tbody></table> In 1995, Musk, his brother Kimbal, and Greg Kouri founded web software company <a href="/wiki/Zip2" title="Zip2">Zip2</a> with funds borrowed from Musk's father.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-rollingstone20171115-26">[25]</a> They housed the venture at a small rented office in Palo Alto.<a href="#cite_note-shower-57">[56]</a> The company developed and marketed an Internet city guide for the newspaper publishing industry, with maps, directions, and yellow pages.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> According to Musk, "The website was up during the day and I was coding it at night, seven days a week, all the time."<a href="#cite_note-shower-57">[56]</a> The Musk brothers obtained contracts with <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>,<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> and persuaded the board of directors to abandon plans for a merger with <a href="/wiki/CitySearch" class="mw-redirect" title="CitySearch">CitySearch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Musk's attempts to become CEO were thwarted by the board.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a> acquired Zip2 for $307 million in cash in February 1999,<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> and Musk received $22 million for his 7-percent share.<a href="#cite_note-Vance109-64">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="X.com_and_PayPal">X.com and PayPal</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/X.com_(bank)" title="X.com (bank)">X.com (bank)</a>, <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PayPal_Mafia" title="PayPal Mafia">PayPal Mafia</a></div> In 1999, Musk co-founded <a href="/wiki/X.com_(bank)" title="X.com (bank)">X.com</a>, an online financial services and e-mail payment company.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> The startup was one of the first <a href="/wiki/Federal_Deposit_Insurance_Corporation" title="Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation">federally insured</a> online banks, and, in its initial months of operation, over 200,000 customers joined the service.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> The company's investors regarded Musk as inexperienced and replaced him with <a href="/wiki/Intuit" title="Intuit">Intuit</a> CEO Bill Harris by the end of the year.<a href="#cite_note-vance86-67">[66]</a> The following year, X.com merged with online bank <a href="/wiki/Confinity" title="Confinity">Confinity</a> to avoid competition.<a href="#cite_note-shower-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-vance86-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Founded by <a href="/wiki/Max_Levchin" title="Max Levchin">Max Levchin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Peter Thiel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> Confinity had its own money-transfer service, <a href="/wiki/PayPal#History" title="PayPal">PayPal</a>, which was more popular than X.com's service.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> Within the merged company, Musk returned as CEO. Musk's preference for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> software over <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> created a rift in the company and caused Thiel to resign.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> Due to resulting technological issues and lack of a cohesive business model, the board ousted Musk and replaced him with Thiel in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[b]</a> Under Thiel, the company focused on the PayPal service and was renamed PayPal in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-vance89-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> In 2002, PayPal was acquired by <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a> for $1.5 billion in stock, of which Musk—the largest shareholder with 11.72% of shares—received $175.8 million.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> In 2017, Musk purchased the domain X.com from PayPal for an undisclosed amount, stating that it had sentimental value.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SpaceX">SpaceX</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpaceX_CEO_Elon_Musk_visits_N%26NC_and_AFSPC_(190416-F-ZZ999-006)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/SpaceX_CEO_Elon_Musk_visits_N%26NC_and_AFSPC_%28190416-F-ZZ999-006%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-SpaceX_CEO_Elon_Musk_visits_N%26NC_and_AFSPC_%28190416-F-ZZ999-006%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/SpaceX_CEO_Elon_Musk_visits_N%26NC_and_AFSPC_%28190416-F-ZZ999-006%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-SpaceX_CEO_Elon_Musk_visits_N%26NC_and_AFSPC_%28190416-F-ZZ999-006%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/SpaceX_CEO_Elon_Musk_visits_N%26NC_and_AFSPC_%28190416-F-ZZ999-006%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-SpaceX_CEO_Elon_Musk_visits_N%26NC_and_AFSPC_%28190416-F-ZZ999-006%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2572" data-file-height="3747" /></a><figcaption>Musk explains <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a> capabilities to leaders of <a href="/wiki/NORAD" title="NORAD">North American Aerospace Defense Command</a>, U.S. Northern Command, and <a href="/wiki/Space_Operations_Command" title="Space Operations Command">Air Force Space Command</a> in 2019</figcaption></figure> In 2001, Musk became involved with the nonprofit <a href="/wiki/Mars_Society" title="Mars Society">Mars Society</a> and discussed funding plans to place a <a href="/wiki/Space_farming" title="Space farming">growth-chamber for plants</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> Seeking a way to launch the greenhouse payloads into space, Musk made two unsuccessful trips to Moscow to purchase <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercontinental ballistic missiles">intercontinental ballistic missiles</a> (ICBMs) from Russian companies <a href="/wiki/NPO_Lavochkin" class="mw-redirect" title="NPO Lavochkin">NPO Lavochkin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kosmotras" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmotras">Kosmotras</a>. Musk instead decided to start a company to build affordable rockets.<a href="#cite_note-Vance-2015-82">[80]</a> With $100 million of his early fortune,<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> Musk founded SpaceX in May 2002 and became the company's CEO and Chief Engineer.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> SpaceX attempted its first launch of the <a href="/wiki/Falcon_1" title="Falcon 1">Falcon 1</a> rocket in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger2021178–182-86">[84]</a> Although the rocket failed to reach <a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Earth orbit</a>, it was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a> program contract from <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, then led by <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Griffin" title="Michael D. Griffin">Mike Griffin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> After two more failed attempts that nearly caused Musk to go bankrupt,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger2021178–182-86">[84]</a> SpaceX succeeded in launching the Falcon 1 into orbit in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> Later that year, SpaceX received a $1.6 billion NASA contract for <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a>-launched <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon" title="SpaceX Dragon">Dragon spacecraft</a> flights to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS), replacing the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> after its 2011 <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_retirement" title="Space Shuttle retirement">retirement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> In 2012, the Dragon vehicle docked <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_COTS_Demo_Flight_2" title="SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 2">with the ISS</a>, a first for a commercial spacecraft.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> Working towards its goal of <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_reusable_launch_system_development_program" title="SpaceX reusable launch system development program">reusable rockets</a>, in 2015 SpaceX successfully landed the <a href="/wiki/Multistage_rocket" title="Multistage rocket">first stage</a> of a Falcon 9 on a land platform.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> Later landings were achieved on <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_spaceport_drone_ship" title="Autonomous spaceport drone ship">autonomous spaceport drone ships</a>, an ocean-based recovery platform.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> In 2018, SpaceX launched the <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy_test_flight" title="Falcon Heavy test flight">inaugural mission</a> carried Musk's personal <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Tesla_Roadster" title="Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster">Tesla Roadster</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)" title="Boilerplate (spaceflight)">dummy payload</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> Since 2019,<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> SpaceX has been developing <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a>, a reusable, <a href="/wiki/Super_heavy-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Super heavy-lift launch vehicle">super heavy-lift launch vehicle</a> intended to replace the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy.<a href="#cite_note-Roulette-2022-97">[95]</a> In 2020, SpaceX launched its first crewed flight, the <a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Demo-2" title="Crew Dragon Demo-2">Demo-2</a>, becoming the first private company to place astronauts into orbit and dock a crewed spacecraft with the ISS.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> In 2024, NASA awarded SpaceX an $843 million contract to <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_entry" title="Atmospheric entry">deorbit</a> the ISS at the end of its lifespan.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Starlink">Starlink</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Starlink in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Starlink in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Starlink_Mission_(47926144123).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Starlink_Mission_%2847926144123%29.jpg/220px-Starlink_Mission_%2847926144123%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Starlink_Mission_%2847926144123%29.jpg/330px-Starlink_Mission_%2847926144123%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Starlink_Mission_%2847926144123%29.jpg/440px-Starlink_Mission_%2847926144123%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>50 Starlink satellites shortly before deployment to low Earth orbit, 2019</figcaption></figure> In 2015, SpaceX began development of the <a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a> constellation of <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a> satellites to provide <a href="/wiki/Satellite_Internet_access" title="Satellite Internet access">satellite Internet access</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> After the launch of prototype satellites in 2018, the first large constellation was deployed in May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20190601-101">[99]</a> The total cost of the decade-long project to design, build, and deploy the constellation was estimated by SpaceX in 2020 to be $10 billion.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[c]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Musk provided free <a href="/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Starlink in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Starlink service to Ukraine</a>, permitting Internet access and communication at a yearly cost to SpaceX of $400 million.<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN_2022-10-13-107">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a> However, Musk refused to block <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Russia" title="Mass media in Russia">Russian state media</a> on Starlink.<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> In 2023, Musk denied Ukraine's request to activate Starlink over <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> to aid an attack against the Russian navy, citing fears of a nuclear response.<a href="#cite_note-Copp_2023_b431-113">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tesla">Tesla</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk,_Tesla_Factory,_Fremont_(CA,_USA)_(8765031426).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Musks stands, arms crossed and grinning, before a Tesla Model S" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Elon_Musk%2C_Tesla_Factory%2C_Fremont_%28CA%2C_USA%29_%288765031426%29.jpg/220px-Elon_Musk%2C_Tesla_Factory%2C_Fremont_%28CA%2C_USA%29_%288765031426%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Elon_Musk%2C_Tesla_Factory%2C_Fremont_%28CA%2C_USA%29_%288765031426%29.jpg/330px-Elon_Musk%2C_Tesla_Factory%2C_Fremont_%28CA%2C_USA%29_%288765031426%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Elon_Musk%2C_Tesla_Factory%2C_Fremont_%28CA%2C_USA%29_%288765031426%29.jpg/440px-Elon_Musk%2C_Tesla_Factory%2C_Fremont_%28CA%2C_USA%29_%288765031426%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2224" data-file-height="1848" /></a><figcaption>Musk next to a <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_S" title="Tesla Model S">Tesla Model S</a>, 2011</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a>, originally Tesla Motors, was incorporated in July 2003 by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Eberhard" title="Martin Eberhard">Martin Eberhard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Tarpenning" title="Marc Tarpenning">Marc Tarpenning</a>. Both men played active roles in the company's early development prior to Musk's involvement.<a href="#cite_note-timelinefacts-116">[113]</a> Musk led the <a href="/wiki/Series_A_round" title="Series A round">Series A round</a> of investment in February 2004; he invested $6.35 million, became the majority shareholder, and joined Tesla's board of directors as chairman.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> Musk took an active role within the company and oversaw <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Roadster_(first_generation)" title="Tesla Roadster (first generation)">Roadster</a> product design, but was not deeply involved in day-to-day business operations.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> Following a series of escalating conflicts in 2007, and the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a>, Eberhard was ousted from the firm.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> Musk assumed leadership of the company as CEO and product architect in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> A 2009 lawsuit settlement with Eberhard designated Musk as a Tesla co-founder, along with Tarpenning and two others.<a href="#cite_note-CNET-123">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-FastCompany-124">[121]</a> Musk resigned from chairman of the board as part of the settlement of a <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Legal_affairs">lawsuit from the SEC</a> over him tweeting that funding had been "secured" for potentially taking Tesla private.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> Tesla began delivery of the Roadster, an electric sports car, in 2008. With sales of about 2,500 vehicles, it was the first <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass production</a> all-electric car to use <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion battery</a> cells.<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> Under Musk, Tesla has since launched several well-selling electric vehicles, including the four-door sedan <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_S" title="Tesla Model S">Model S</a> (2012), the <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">crossover</a> <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_X" title="Tesla Model X">Model X</a> (2015), the mass-market sedan <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_3" title="Tesla Model 3">Model 3</a> (2017), the crossover <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_Y" title="Tesla Model Y">Model Y</a> (2020), and the pickup truck <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Cybertruck" title="Tesla Cybertruck">Cybertruck</a> (2023).<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-Krisher_2023-132">[129]</a> The company has also constructed multiple lithium-ion battery and electric vehicle factories, called <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory" title="Gigafactory">Gigafactories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> Since its <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> Tesla stock has risen significantly; it became the most valuable carmaker in summer 2020,<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> and it entered the <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> later that year.<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> In October 2021, it reached a market capitalization of $1 trillion, the sixth company in US history to do so.<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SolarCity_and_Tesla_Energy">SolarCity and Tesla Energy</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/SolarCity" title="SolarCity">SolarCity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Energy" title="Tesla Energy">Tesla Energy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pair_of_2009_SolarCity_Dodge_Sprinters.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two green vans sporting the SolarCity logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pair_of_2009_SolarCity_Dodge_Sprinters.JPG/220px-Pair_of_2009_SolarCity_Dodge_Sprinters.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pair_of_2009_SolarCity_Dodge_Sprinters.JPG/330px-Pair_of_2009_SolarCity_Dodge_Sprinters.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pair_of_2009_SolarCity_Dodge_Sprinters.JPG/440px-Pair_of_2009_SolarCity_Dodge_Sprinters.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>SolarCity solar-panel installation vans in 2009</figcaption></figure> Musk provided the initial concept and financial capital for <a href="/wiki/SolarCity" title="SolarCity">SolarCity</a>, which his cousins <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Rive" title="Lyndon Rive">Lyndon</a> and Peter Rive founded in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> By 2013, SolarCity was the second largest provider of solar power systems in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> In 2014, Musk promoted the idea of SolarCity building an advanced production facility in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>, New York, triple the size of the largest solar plant in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_New_York" title="Gigafactory New York">factory</a> started in 2014 and was completed in 2017. It operated as a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a> until early 2020.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> Tesla acquired SolarCity for $2 billion in 2016 and merged it with its battery unit to create <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Energy" title="Tesla Energy">Tesla Energy</a>. The deal's announcement resulted in a more than 10% drop in Tesla's stock price; at the time, SolarCity was facing liquidity issues.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> Multiple shareholder groups filed a lawsuit against Musk and Tesla's directors, stating that the purchase of SolarCity was done solely to benefit Musk and came at the expense of Tesla and its shareholders.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> Tesla directors settled the lawsuit in January 2020, leaving Musk the sole remaining defendant.<a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> Two years later, the court ruled in Musk's favor.<a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neuralink">Neuralink</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Neuralink" title="Neuralink">Neuralink</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk_and_the_Neuralink_Future.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Musk standing next to bulky medical equipment on a stage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Elon_Musk_and_the_Neuralink_Future.jpg/220px-Elon_Musk_and_the_Neuralink_Future.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Elon_Musk_and_the_Neuralink_Future.jpg/330px-Elon_Musk_and_the_Neuralink_Future.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Elon_Musk_and_the_Neuralink_Future.jpg/440px-Elon_Musk_and_the_Neuralink_Future.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3780" data-file-height="2460" /></a><figcaption>Musk discussing a <a href="/wiki/Neuralink" title="Neuralink">Neuralink</a> device during a live demonstration in 2020</figcaption></figure> In 2016, Musk co-founded <a href="/wiki/Neuralink" title="Neuralink">Neuralink</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Neurotechnology" title="Neurotechnology">neurotechnology</a> startup, with an investment of $100 million.<a href="#cite_note-sew-151">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-neuraverge-152">[149]</a> Neuralink aims to integrate the human brain with <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI) by creating devices that are embedded in the brain. Such technology could enhance memory or allow the devices to communicate with software.<a href="#cite_note-neuraverge-152">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> The company also hopes to develop devices to treat neurological conditions like <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord_injury" title="Spinal cord injury">spinal cord injuries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pig-154">[151]</a> In 2022, Neuralink announced that clinical trials would begin by the end of the year.<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> In September 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> approved Neuralink to initiate six-year human trials.<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> Neuralink has conducted <a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">animal testing</a> on <a href="/wiki/Macaque" title="Macaque">macaques</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a>. In 2021, the company released a video in which a Macaque played the video game <a href="/wiki/Pong" title="Pong">Pong</a> via a Neuralink implant. The company's animal trials—which have caused the deaths of some monkeys—have led to claims of <a href="/wiki/Cruelty_to_animals" title="Cruelty to animals">animal cruelty</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine" title="Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine">Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine</a> has alleged that Neuralink violated the <a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Act_of_1966" title="Animal Welfare Act of 1966">Animal Welfare Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> Employees have complained that pressure from Musk to accelerate development has led to botched experiments and unnecessary animal deaths. In 2022, a federal probe was launched into possible animal welfare violations by Neuralink.<a href="#cite_note-botched_monkeys-158">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Boring_Company">The Boring Company</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Boring_Company" title="The Boring Company">The Boring Company</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk_Accelerates_the_Boring_(45716125474).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Musk speaks to a crowd of journalists. Behind him is a lighted tunnel." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Elon_Musk_Accelerates_the_Boring_%2845716125474%29.jpg/220px-Elon_Musk_Accelerates_the_Boring_%2845716125474%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Elon_Musk_Accelerates_the_Boring_%2845716125474%29.jpg/330px-Elon_Musk_Accelerates_the_Boring_%2845716125474%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Elon_Musk_Accelerates_the_Boring_%2845716125474%29.jpg/440px-Elon_Musk_Accelerates_the_Boring_%2845716125474%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5161" data-file-height="3499" /></a><figcaption>Musk during the 2018 inauguration of the <a href="/wiki/Boring_test_tunnel" title="Boring test tunnel">Boring test tunnel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hawthorne,_California" title="Hawthorne, California">Hawthorne, California</a></figcaption></figure> In 2017, Musk founded the Boring Company to construct tunnels, and revealed plans for specialized, underground, high-occupancy vehicles that could travel up to 150 miles per hour (240 km/h) and thus circumvent above-ground traffic in major cities.<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnndogecoin-160">[157]</a> Early in 2017, the company began discussions with regulatory bodies and initiated construction of a 30-foot (9.1 m) wide, 50-foot (15 m) long, and 15-foot (4.6 m) deep "test trench" on the premises of SpaceX's offices, as that required no permits.<a href="#cite_note-boring-161">[158]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Boring_test_tunnel" title="Boring test tunnel">Los Angeles tunnel</a>, less than two miles (3.2 km) in length, debuted to journalists in 2018. It used Tesla Model Xs and was reported to be a rough ride while traveling at suboptimal speeds.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> Two tunnel projects announced in 2018, in Chicago and West Los Angeles, have been canceled.<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> However, a tunnel beneath the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Convention_Center" title="Las Vegas Convention Center">Las Vegas Convention Center</a> was completed in early 2021.<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> Local officials have approved further expansions of the tunnel system.<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="X_corp.">X corp.</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Twitter under Elon Musk</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:220px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <table role="presentation" style="line-height: normal; width: 100%; background: transparent; color: inherit; display: table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right: 5px; width: 28px;"> <div style="height: 28px; width: 28px; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; overflow: hidden;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_(crop2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Avatar of Elon Musk"><img alt="Avatar of Elon Musk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28crop2%29.jpg/28px-Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28crop2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28crop2%29.jpg/42px-Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28crop2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28crop2%29.jpg/56px-Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28crop2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1337" data-file-height="1771" /></a><figcaption>Avatar of Elon Musk <a href="/wiki/File:Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg/15px-Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg/23px-Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg/30px-Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></figcaption></figure> </div> </td> <td style="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;">Elon Musk <a href="/wiki/File:Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg/15px-Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg/23px-Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg/30px-Twitter_Verified_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <div style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); white-space: nowrap;">@elonmusk</div></td> <td style="text-align: right; color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter"><img alt="Twitter logo, a stylized blue bird" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/18px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/27px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/36px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="421" /></a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: left"> I made an offer <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001418091/000110465922045641/tm2212748d1_sc13da.htm">https://sec.gov/Archives/edgar...</a> </div> <div style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">April 14, 2022<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a></div> </blockquote> </div> In early 2017, Musk expressed interest in buying <a href="/wiki/Twitter,_Inc." title="Twitter, Inc.">Twitter</a> and had questioned the platform's commitment to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> By 2022, Musk had reached 9.2% stake in the company,<a href="#cite_note-elder-171">[168]</a> making him the largest shareholder.<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg4.14.22-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[d]</a> Musk later agreed to a deal that would appoint him to Twitter's board of directors and prohibit him from acquiring more than 14.9% of the company.<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a> Days later, Musk made a $43 billion offer to buy Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg4.14.22-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a> By the end of April Musk had successfully concluded his bid for approximately $44 billion.<a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> This included approximately $12.5 billion in loans and $21 billion in <a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">equity financing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> Having back tracked on his initial decision,<a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a> Musk bought the company on October 27, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-deal_closed-182">[178]</a> Immediately <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">after the acquisition</a>, Musk fired several top Twitter executives including CEO <a href="/wiki/Parag_Agrawal" title="Parag Agrawal">Parag Agrawal</a>;<a href="#cite_note-deal_closed-182">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a> Musk became the CEO instead.<a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a> <a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Under Elon Musk</a>, Twitter instituted monthly subscription for a "<a href="/wiki/Twitter_verification" title="Twitter verification">blue check</a>",<a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-Binoy-2022-187">[183]</a> and laid off a significant portion of the company's staff.<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> Musk lessened content moderation and hate speech also increased on the platform after his takeover.<a href="#cite_note-Knight-2022-190">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-independent2023-191">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wapo-192">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[189]</a> In late 2022, Musk released <a href="/wiki/Twitter_Files" title="Twitter Files">internal documents</a> relating to Twitter's moderation of <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_controversy" title="Hunter Biden laptop controversy">Hunter Biden's laptop controversy</a> in the lead-up to the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> Musk also promised to step down as CEO after a Twitter poll,<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a> and five months later, Musk stepped down from <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> (CEO) and transitioned his role to <a href="/wiki/Chair_(officer)" title="Chair (officer)">executive chairman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chief_technology_officer" title="Chief technology officer">chief technology officer</a> (CTO).<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a> Despite Musk stepping down as <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>, X continues to struggle with challenges such as viral <a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">misinformation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> controversies.<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a> Musk has been accused of <a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk#Lawsuits" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">trying to silence some of his critics</a><a href="#cite_note-free-speech-201">[197]</a> by removing their accounts' <a href="/wiki/Twitter_verification" title="Twitter verification">blue checkmarks</a>, which hinders visibility and is considered a form of <a href="/wiki/Shadow_banning" title="Shadow banning">shadow banning</a>,<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[199]</a> or suspending their accounts without justification.<a href="#cite_note-204">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyperloop_pod_competition" title="Hyperloop pod competition">Hyperloop pod competition</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyperloop_pod_competition_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A long white tube about 10 feet in diameter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hyperloop_pod_competition_tube.jpg/220px-Hyperloop_pod_competition_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hyperloop_pod_competition_tube.jpg/330px-Hyperloop_pod_competition_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hyperloop_pod_competition_tube.jpg/440px-Hyperloop_pod_competition_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3661" data-file-height="2441" /></a><figcaption>A tube part of the 2017 Hyperloop pod competition, sponsored by SpaceX</figcaption></figure> In August 2013, Musk announced plans for a version of a <a href="/wiki/Vactrain" title="Vactrain">vactrain</a>, and assigned engineers from SpaceX and Tesla to design a transport system between <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>, at an estimated cost of $6 billion.<a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[202]</a> Later that year, Musk unveiled the concept, dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a>,<a href="#cite_note-207">[203]</a> intended to make travel cheaper than any other <a href="/wiki/Mode_of_transport" title="Mode of transport">mode of transport</a> for such long distances.<a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OpenAI_and_xAI">OpenAI and xAI</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a> and <a href="/wiki/XAI_(company)" title="XAI (company)">xAI (company)</a></div> In December 2015, Musk co-founded <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_corporation" title="Nonprofit corporation">not-for-profit</a> <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI) research company aiming to develop <a href="/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence" title="Artificial general intelligence">artificial general intelligence</a>, intended to be safe and beneficial to humanity.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_AI-209">[205]</a> Musk pledged $1 billion of funding to the company,<a href="#cite_note-210">[206]</a> but only donated $50 million.<a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a> In 2018, Musk left the OpenAI board.<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> Since 2018, OpenAI has made significant advances in machine learning.<a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a> In July 2023, Musk launched the artificial intelligence company <a href="/wiki/XAI_(company)" title="XAI (company)">xAI</a>, which aims to develop a <a href="/wiki/Generative_artificial_intelligence" title="Generative artificial intelligence">generative AI</a> program that competes with existing offerings like OpenAI's <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a>. Musk obtained funding from investors in SpaceX and Tesla,<a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> and xAI hired engineers from Google and OpenAI.<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_jet">Private jet</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/ElonJet" title="ElonJet">ElonJet</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_Twitter_suspensions" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Twitter suspensions">2022 Twitter suspensions</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:220px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <table role="presentation" style="line-height: normal; width: 100%; background: transparent; color: inherit; display: table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right: 5px; width: 28px;"> <div style="height: 28px; width: 28px; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; overflow: hidden;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_(crop2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Avatar of Elon Musk"><img alt="Avatar of Elon Musk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28crop2%29.jpg/28px-Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28crop2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28crop2%29.jpg/42px-Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28crop2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28crop2%29.jpg/56px-Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28crop2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1337" data-file-height="1771" /></a><figcaption>Avatar of Elon Musk</figcaption></figure> </div> </td> <td style="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;">Elon Musk <div style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); white-space: nowrap;">@elonmusk</div></td> <td style="text-align: right; color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter"><img alt="Twitter logo, a stylized blue bird" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/18px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/27px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/36px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="421" /></a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: left"> Same doxxing rules apply to "journalists" as to everyone else </div> <div style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">December 16, 2022<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a></div> </blockquote> </div> Musk uses a private jet owned by Falcon Landing LLC, a SpaceX-linked company, and acquired a second jet in August 2020.<a href="#cite_note-flight-217">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> His heavy use of the jets and the consequent <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuel</a> usage have received criticism.<a href="#cite_note-flight-217">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a> Musk's flight usage is tracked on social media through <a href="/wiki/ElonJet" title="ElonJet">ElonJet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-WP-221">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sky-222">[218]</a> In December 2022, Musk banned the ElonJet account on Twitter, as well as temporary bans on the accounts of journalists that posted stories regarding the incident, including <a href="/wiki/Donie_O%27Sullivan_(journalist)" title="Donie O'Sullivan (journalist)">Donie O'Sullivan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Olbermann" title="Keith Olbermann">Keith Olbermann</a>, and journalists from <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, CNN, and <a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor-2022-223">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_activities_of_Elon_Musk" title="Political activities of Elon Musk">Political activities of Elon Musk</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_UFC_2024_03_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Trump_UFC_2024_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Trump_UFC_2024_03_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Trump_UFC_2024_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Trump_UFC_2024_03_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Trump_UFC_2024_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Trump_UFC_2024_03_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1075" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption>Musk with then-president-elect <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in November 2024</figcaption></figure> Musk is an outlier among executives who typically avoid partisan political advocacy.<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a> Musk was a registered <a href="/wiki/Independent_voter" title="Independent voter">independent voter</a> when he lived in California.<a href="#cite_note-NBCNewsMail-227">[223]</a> Historically, he has donated to both <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a>,<a href="#cite_note-huffingtonpost.com-228">[224]</a> many of whom serve in states in which he has a vested interest.<a href="#cite_note-Peters-2022-229">[225]</a> Beginning in 2022, his political contributions have mostly supported Republicans, with his first vote for a Republican going to Representative <a href="/wiki/Mayra_Flores" title="Mayra Flores">Mayra Flores</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Texas%27s_34th_congressional_district_special_election" title="2022 Texas's 34th congressional district special election">2022 Texas's 34th congressional district special election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> In 2024, he started supporting international <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> political parties, activists, and causes,<a href="#cite_note-Far-right=2025-232">[228]</a> and has shared far-right misinformation<a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> and numerous <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories">conspiracy theories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elon_Musk&action=edit">[update]</a> <a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">his views</a> were generally described as right-wing.<a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> Musk supported <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in <a href="/wiki/2008_US_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 US presidential election">2008</a> and <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-239">[235]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> in <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> in <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>,<a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-241">[237]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a>, Musk endorsed candidate <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang" title="Andrew Yang">Andrew Yang</a> and expressed support for Yang's proposed <a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">universal basic income</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg.com-242">[238]</a> and endorsed <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanye West 2020 presidential campaign">2020 presidential campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a> In 2021, Musk publicly expressed opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Act" title="Build Back Better Act">Build Back Better Act</a>, a $3.5 trillion legislative package endorsed by Joe Biden that ultimately failed to pass due to unanimous opposition from congressional Republicans and several Democrats.<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> In 2022, Musk said he would start supporting <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> candidates,<a href="#cite_note-:2-245">[241]</a> and gave over $50 million to <a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_Sanity" title="Citizens for Sanity">Citizens for Sanity</a>, a conservative <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mattioli-246">[242]</a> In 2023, he supported Republican <a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">Ron DeSantis</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2024_US_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 US presidential election">2024 US presidential election</a>, giving $10 million to his campaign,<a href="#cite_note-mattioli-246">[242]</a> and hosted DeSantis's campaign announcement on a <a href="/wiki/Twitter_Spaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Twitter Spaces">Twitter Spaces</a> event.<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPoDesantis-248">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> From June 2023 to January 2024, Musk hosted a bipartisan set of X Spaces with Republican and Democratic candidates, including <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a>,<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vivek_Ramaswamy" title="Vivek Ramaswamy">Vivek Ramaswamy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dean_Phillips" title="Dean Phillips">Dean Phillips</a>.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_UFC_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Trump_UFC_2024.jpg/220px-Trump_UFC_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Trump_UFC_2024.jpg/330px-Trump_UFC_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Trump_UFC_2024.jpg/440px-Trump_UFC_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption>Musk at a 2024 gathering with Trump and other political leaders</figcaption></figure> By early 2024, Musk had become a vocal and financial supporter of Donald Trump.<a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a> In July 2024, after the <a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania" title="Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania">attempted assassination of Donald Trump</a>, Musk <a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsed him for president</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-fucked-255">[251]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">presidential campaign</a>, Musk joined Trump on stage at a campaign rally,<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a> and during the campaign promoted conspiracy theories and falsehoods about Democrats, <a href="/wiki/Election_denial_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Election denial movement in the United States">election fraud</a><a href="#cite_note-Meyer_11012024-257">[253]</a> and immigration, in support of Trump.<a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> Musk was the largest individual donor of the 2024 election.<a href="#cite_note-Thadani_12062024-260">[256]</a> Musk's international political actions and comments have come under increasing scrutiny and criticism, especially from the governments and leaders of France, Germany, Norway, Spain and the United Kingdom, due to his position in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Trump_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Trump administration">US government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Times-261">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-European-262">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-AfD-263">[259]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trump's_inauguration">Trump's inauguration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_salute_controversy" title="Elon Musk salute controversy">Elon Musk salute controversy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk_gesture.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/Elon_Musk_gesture.gif/220px-Elon_Musk_gesture.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ea/Elon_Musk_gesture.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="178" /></a><figcaption>Musk giving a gesture at the <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second inauguration of Donald Trump">second inauguration of Donald Trump</a> before saying "My heart goes out to you. It is thanks to you that the future of civilization is assured."<a href="#cite_note-cpdxzjw9p47o-264">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-nx-s1-5269719-265">[261]</a></figcaption></figure> In his speech during the <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second inauguration of Donald Trump">second inauguration of Donald Trump</a>, Musk thumped his right hand over his heart, fingers spread wide, and then extended his right arm out, emphatically, at an upward angle, palm down and fingers together. He then repeated the gesture to the crowd behind him. As he <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_salute_controversy" title="Elon Musk salute controversy">finished the gestures,</a> he said to the crowd, "My heart goes out to you. It is thanks to you that the future of civilization is assured."<a href="#cite_note-cpdxzjw9p47o-264">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-nx-s1-5269719-265">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> The gesture was viewed as a <a href="/wiki/Nazi_salute" title="Nazi salute">Nazi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Roman_salute" title="Roman salute">Roman salute</a><a href="#cite_note-salute-267">[e]</a> by some.<a href="#cite_note-268">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-b036-269">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-h866-270">[265]</a> Musk derided the claims as politicized.<a href="#cite_note-271">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[267]</a> In a social media post, he wrote: "The 'everyone is Hitler' attack is sooo tired",<a href="#cite_note-i772-273">[268]</a> but did not explicitly deny the claims.<a href="#cite_note-Condon_2025-274">[269]</a> In further response to the events, Musk posted a series of puns about Nazis on Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-f762-275">[270]</a> Various media outlets, including the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>, reported that regardless of what Musk meant, his gesture was widely embraced by right-wing extremists and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazis">neo-Nazis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Condon_2025-274">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Government_Efficiency">Department of Government Efficiency</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency" title="Department of Government Efficiency">Department of Government Efficiency</a></div>The concept of DOGE emerged in a discussion between Musk and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, and in August 2024, Trump committed to giving Musk an advisory role, with Musk accepting the offer.<a href="#cite_note-Shepardson-277">[272]</a> In November and December 2024, Musk suggested that the organization could help to cut the <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">U.S. federal budget</a>, consolidate the number of federal agencies,<a href="#cite_note-278">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[274]</a> and eliminate the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a>,<a href="#cite_note-280">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[276]</a> and that its final stage would be "deleting itself".<a href="#cite_note-282">[277]</a> In January 2025, the organization was created by <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a>, and Musk was designated a "<a href="/wiki/Special_government_employee" title="Special government employee">special government employee</a>".<a href="#cite_note-MD2-283">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ngo_1212025-284">[279]</a> Musk is leading the organization, although his <a href="/wiki/Political_activities_of_Elon_Musk" title="Political activities of Elon Musk">official role</a> is not clear.<a href="#cite_note-Wolf2-285">[280]</a> In February 2025, Musk was criticized for his treatment of government employees.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-young-aides-25-286">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-swan-musk-feb-25-287">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-wp-zs-25-288">[283]</a> Musk has prioritized secrecy within the organization<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-289">[284]</a> and accused others of violating privacy laws.<a href="#cite_note-MD2-283">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-MD2-283">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">Views of Elon Musk</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:220px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <table role="presentation" style="line-height: normal; width: 100%; background: transparent; color: inherit; display: table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right: 5px; width: 28px;"> <div style="height: 28px; width: 28px; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; overflow: hidden;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Avatar of Elon Musk"><img alt="Avatar of Elon Musk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg/28px-Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg/42px-Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg/56px-Elon_Musk_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>Avatar of Elon Musk</figcaption></figure> </div> </td> <td style="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;">Elon Musk <div style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); white-space: nowrap;">@elonmusk</div></td> <td style="text-align: right; color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter"><img alt="Twitter logo, a stylized blue bird" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/18px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/27px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/36px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="421" /></a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: left"> My commitment to free speech extends even to not banning the account following my plane, even though that is a direct personal safety risk </div> <div style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">November 6, 2022<a href="#cite_note-plane-290">[285]</a> </div> </blockquote> </div> Rejecting the conservative label,<a href="#cite_note-291">[286]</a> Musk has described himself as a <a href="/wiki/Political_moderate" title="Political moderate">political moderate</a>, and his views have become more <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> over time.<a href="#cite_note-Right-wing-292">[287]</a> His views have been characterized as <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Libertarian-293">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-Far-right-294">[289]</a> and after his <a href="/wiki/Political_activities_of_Elon_Musk" title="Political activities of Elon Musk">involvement in European politics</a>, they have received criticism from some world leaders.<a href="#cite_note-Henley-2025-295">[290]</a> Within the context of <a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk#U.S._politics" title="Views of Elon Musk">American politics</a>, Musk supported Democratic candidates up until 2022, at which point he voted for a Republican for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-:0-239">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-245">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-241">[237]</a> He has stated support for <a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">universal basic income</a>,<a href="#cite_note-uni2-296">[291]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gun_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun rights">gun rights</a>,<a href="#cite_note-297">[292]</a> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>,<a href="#cite_note-298">[293]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Tax_on_carbon_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax on carbon emissions">tax on carbon emissions</a>,<a href="#cite_note-299">[294]</a> and <a href="/wiki/H-1B_visa" title="H-1B visa">H-1B visas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBS_News-2024-300">[295]</a> Musk has expressed concern about issues such as <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI)<a href="#cite_note-wp2015-301">[296]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>,<a href="#cite_note-302">[297]</a> and has been a critic of <a href="/wiki/Wealth_tax" title="Wealth tax">wealth tax</a>,<a href="#cite_note-303">[298]</a> <a href="/wiki/Short-selling" class="mw-redirect" title="Short-selling">short-selling</a>,<a href="#cite_note-304">[299]</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_subsidies" class="mw-redirect" title="Government subsidies">government subsidies</a>,<a href="#cite_note-305">[300]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pcmagwikipedia-306">[301]</a> An immigrant himself, Musk has been accused of being <a href="/wiki/Anti-immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-immigration">anti-immigration</a>, and regularly blames <a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Immigration policy of the United States">immigration policies</a> for <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal immigration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fearmongering-307">[302]</a> He is also a <a href="/wiki/Pronatalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronatalist">pronatalist</a> who believes <a href="/wiki/Population_decline" title="Population decline">population decline</a> is the biggest threat to civilization,<a href="#cite_note-Pronatlist-308">[303]</a> and believes in the principles of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-O'Mahony2024-309">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[305]</a> Musk has <a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk#Conspiracy_theories" title="Views of Elon Musk">promoted conspiracy theories</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk#Race_and_white_nationalism" title="Views of Elon Musk">made controversial statements</a> that have led to accusations of <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-311">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-Truth-312">[307]</a> <a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">transphobia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-313">[308]</a> disseminating <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a>, and support of <a href="/wiki/White_pride" title="White pride">white pride</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Proud-314">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-Derbyshire-2025-315">[310]</a> While describing himself as a "pro-Semite",<a href="#cite_note-CNBC160523-316">[311]</a> his comments regarding <a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">George Soros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish communities">Jewish communities</a> have been condemned by the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Condemned-317">[312]</a> Isaacson's <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_(Isaacson_book)" title="Elon Musk (Isaacson book)">biography of Musk</a> argued that some of his far-right views were "partially triggered" by the <a href="/wiki/Gender_transition" title="Gender transition">transition</a> of his daughter, <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Jenna_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivian Jenna Wilson">Vivian Jenna Wilson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-318">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[314]</a> Musk was criticized during the COVID-19 pandemic for making unfounded epidemiological claims,<a href="#cite_note-kolodny-2020a-320">[315]</a> defied <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">COVID-19 lockdowns</a> restrictions,<a href="#cite_note-:3-321">[316]</a> and supported the <a href="/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest" title="Canada convoy protest">Canada convoy protest</a> against <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_mandates" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccine mandates">vaccine mandates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-322">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_relations">International relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Elon_Musk" title="International relations of Elon Musk">International relations of Elon Musk</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi,_November_2023_(GPOHZ02222_2).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_November_2023_%28GPOHZ02222_2%29.jpeg/220px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_November_2023_%28GPOHZ02222_2%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_November_2023_%28GPOHZ02222_2%29.jpeg/330px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_November_2023_%28GPOHZ02222_2%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_November_2023_%28GPOHZ02222_2%29.jpeg/440px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_November_2023_%28GPOHZ02222_2%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1503" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption>Musk with the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President of Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a>, November 2023</figcaption></figure> Musk has been critical of Israel's <a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">actions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Robertson-20232-324">[319]</a> praised China's economic and climate goals,<a href="#cite_note-He-20212-325">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-Choi-20192-326">[321]</a> suggested that <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and China should resolve <a href="/wiki/Cross-strait_relations" title="Cross-strait relations">cross-strait relations</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Liang-20222-327">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-Khalaf-20222-328">[323]</a> and was described as having a close relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese government">Chinese government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-He-20212-325">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-Choi-20192-326">[321]</a> In Europe, Musk expressed support for Ukraine in 2022 during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion</a>, recommended referendums and peace deals on the annexed <a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">Russia-occupied territories</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Oshin-20222-329">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-20222-330">[325]</a> and supported the far-right <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> in Germany in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-Gold-20242-331">[326]</a> Regarding <a href="/wiki/British_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="British politics">British politics</a>, Musk blamed the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_riots" title="2024 United Kingdom riots">2024 UK riots</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mass_migration" title="Mass migration">mass migration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_border" title="Open border">open borders</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Gregory-20242-332">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-2024a2-333">[328]</a> criticized Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a> for what he described as a "two-tier" policing system,<a href="#cite_note-The_Independent-20242-334">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Daily_Telegraph-20242-335">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-2024b2-336">[331]</a> and was subsequently attacked as being responsible for spreading <a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">misinformation</a> and amplifying the far-right.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News2-337">[332]</a> He has also voiced his support for far-right activist <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a> and pledged electoral support for <a href="/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK">Reform UK</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-20252-338">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-Turvill-20242-339">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_affairs">Legal affairs</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Elon_Musk" title="Legal affairs of Elon Musk">Legal affairs of Elon Musk</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Tesla,_Inc." title="List of lawsuits involving Tesla, Inc.">List of lawsuits involving Tesla, Inc.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Tesla,_Inc." title="Criticism of Tesla, Inc.">Criticism of Tesla, Inc.</a></div> In 2018, Musk was <a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc.#Lawsuits_and_controversies" title="Tesla, Inc.">sued</a> by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a> (SEC) for a <a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">tweet</a> stating that funding had been secured for potentially taking Tesla private.<a href="#cite_note-Goldstein_27-9-18-340">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[f]</a> The securities fraud lawsuit characterized the tweet as false, misleading, and damaging to investors, and sought to bar Musk from serving as CEO of <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">publicly traded companies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Goldstein_27-9-18-340">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-OkaneLopatto18-346">[340]</a> Two days later, Musk settled with the SEC, without admitting or denying the SEC's allegations. As a result, Musk and Tesla were fined $20 million each, and Musk was forced to step down for three years as Tesla chairman but was able to remain as CEO.<a href="#cite_note-347">[341]</a> Shareholders filed a lawsuit over the tweet,<a href="#cite_note-348">[342]</a> and in February 2023, a jury found Musk and Tesla not liable.<a href="#cite_note-349">[343]</a> Musk has stated in interviews that he does not regret posting the tweet that triggered the SEC investigation.<a href="#cite_note-350">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[345]</a> In 2019, Musk stated in a tweet that Tesla would build half a million cars that year.<a href="#cite_note-352">[346]</a> The SEC reacted by asking a court to hold him <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_court" title="Contempt of court">in contempt</a> for violating the terms of the 2018 settlement agreement. A joint agreement between Musk and the SEC eventually clarified the previous agreement details,<a href="#cite_note-353">[347]</a> including a list of topics about which Musk needed preclearance.<a href="#cite_note-354">[348]</a> In 2020, a judge blocked a lawsuit that claimed a tweet by Musk regarding Tesla stock price ("too high <a href="/wiki/List_of_acronyms:_I" title="List of acronyms: I">imo</a>") violated the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-355">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[350]</a> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a> (FOIA)-released records showed that the SEC concluded Musk had subsequently violated the agreement twice by tweeting regarding "<a href="/wiki/Tesla_Energy" title="Tesla Energy">Tesla's solar roof</a> production volumes and its stock price".<a href="#cite_note-357">[351]</a> In October 2023, the SEC sued Musk over his refusal to testify a third time in an investigation into whether he violated federal law by purchasing Twitter stock in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Brodkin-2023-358">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-Regulator_sues_Musk_to_force_testimony_in_X_probe-2023-360">[354]</a> In February 2024, Judge Laurel Beeler ruled that Musk must testify again.<a href="#cite_note-361">[355]</a> In January 2025, the SEC filed a lawsuit against Musk for securities violations related to his purchase of Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-362">[356]</a> In January 2024, Delaware Judge <a href="/wiki/Kathaleen_McCormick" title="Kathaleen McCormick">Kathaleen McCormick</a> ruled in a 2018 lawsuit that Musk's $55 billion pay package from Tesla be rescinded.<a href="#cite_note-363">[357]</a> McCormick called the compensation granted by the company's board "an unfathomable sum" that was unfair to shareholders.<a href="#cite_note-364">[358]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> Musk became a US citizen in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-365">[359]</a> From the early 2000s until late 2020, Musk resided in California, where both Tesla and SpaceX were founded.<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg20201208-366">[360]</a> He then relocated to <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starbase" title="SpaceX Starbase">Starbase, Texas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-367">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[362]</a> saying that California had become "complacent" about its economic success.<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg20201208-366">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-370">[364]</a> While hosting <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a> in 2021, Musk stated that he has <a href="/wiki/Asperger_syndrome" title="Asperger syndrome">Asperger syndrome</a> (now merged with <a href="/wiki/Autism_spectrum_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Autism spectrum disorder">autism spectrum disorder</a>), although he has not been medically diagnosed.<a href="#cite_note-371">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[366]</a> Musk suffers from back pain and has undergone several spine-related surgeries, including a <a href="/wiki/Intervertebral_disc" title="Intervertebral disc">disc</a> replacement.<a href="#cite_note-373">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[368]</a> In 2000, he contracted a severe case of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> while on vacation in South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-375">[369]</a> Musk has stated he uses doctor-prescribed <a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">ketamine</a> for occasional depression and that he doses "a small amount once every other week or something like that";<a href="#cite_note-376">[370]</a> in January 2024, <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> reported he takes ketamine, <a href="/wiki/LSD" title="LSD">LSD</a>, cocaine and other drugs recreationally.<a href="#cite_note-377">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[373]</a> Through his own label Emo G Records, Musk released a <a href="/wiki/Rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Rap">rap</a> track, "RIP <a href="/wiki/Harambe" title="Harambe">Harambe</a>", on <a href="/wiki/SoundCloud" title="SoundCloud">SoundCloud</a> in March 2019.<a href="#cite_note-380">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-381">[375]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fitzgerald-382">[376]</a> The following year, he released an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">EDM</a> track, "Don't Doubt Ur Vibe", featuring his own lyrics and vocals.<a href="#cite_note-Etherington-383">[377]</a> Musk plays video games, which he stated has a "'restoring effect' that helps his 'mental calibration'",<a href="#cite_note-384">[378]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Quake_(series)" title="Quake (series)">Quake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diablo_IV" title="Diablo IV">Diablo IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elden_Ring" title="Elden Ring">Elden Ring</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Polytopia" title="The Battle of Polytopia">Polytopia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-385">[379]</a><a href="#cite_note-386">[380]</a> and has admitted to "account boosting", or cheating by hiring outside services to achieve top player rankings.<a href="#cite_note-387">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[382]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationships_and_children">Relationships and children</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Musk_family#Relationships_and_children_of_Elon_Musk" title="Musk family">Musk family § Relationships and children of Elon Musk</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk_and_X_%C3%86_A-Xii_in_Oval_Office_(February_2025).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Elon_Musk_and_X_%C3%86_A-Xii_in_Oval_Office_%28February_2025%29.jpg/220px-Elon_Musk_and_X_%C3%86_A-Xii_in_Oval_Office_%28February_2025%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Elon_Musk_and_X_%C3%86_A-Xii_in_Oval_Office_%28February_2025%29.jpg/330px-Elon_Musk_and_X_%C3%86_A-Xii_in_Oval_Office_%28February_2025%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Elon_Musk_and_X_%C3%86_A-Xii_in_Oval_Office_%28February_2025%29.jpg/440px-Elon_Musk_and_X_%C3%86_A-Xii_in_Oval_Office_%28February_2025%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption>Musk with his son, X Æ A-Xii, in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, February 2025</figcaption></figure> Musk has fathered twelve children<a href="#cite_note-12Kids-1">[1]</a>, one of whom died. He had six children with his first wife, Canadian author <a href="/wiki/Justine_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Justine Wilson">Justine Wilson</a>, who he met while attending Queen's University in Ontario, Canada; they married in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-Streisand-2015-389">[383]</a> In 2002, their first child Nevada Musk died of <a href="/wiki/Sudden_infant_death_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudden infant death syndrome">sudden infant death syndrome</a> at the age of 10 weeks.<a href="#cite_note-sids-390">[384]</a> After his death, the couple used <a href="/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation" title="In vitro fertilisation">in vitro fertilization</a> (IVF) to continue their family;<a href="#cite_note-holywoodlife2021-391">[385]</a> they had twins in 2004, followed by triplets in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-holywoodlife2021-391">[385]</a> The couple divorced in 2008 and have <a href="/wiki/Joint_custody_(United_States)" title="Joint custody (United States)">shared custody</a> of their children.<a href="#cite_note-392">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-393">[387]</a> The elder twin he had with Wilson <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">came out</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">trans woman</a> and, in 2022, officially <a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">changed her name</a> to Vivian Jenna Wilson,<a href="#cite_note-06-23-22-394">[388]</a> adopting her mother's surname because she no longer wished to be associated with Musk.<a href="#cite_note-06-23-22-394">[388]</a> Musk began dating English actress <a href="/wiki/Talulah_Riley" title="Talulah Riley">Talulah Riley</a> in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-395">[389]</a> They married two years later at <a href="/wiki/Dornoch_Cathedral" title="Dornoch Cathedral">Dornoch Cathedral</a> in Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-marriage-396">[390]</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[391]</a> In 2012, the couple divorced, before remarrying the following year.<a href="#cite_note-talulah-398">[392]</a> After briefly filing for divorce in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-talulah-398">[392]</a> Musk finalized a second divorce from Riley in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-399">[393]</a> Musk then dated <a href="/wiki/Amber_Heard" title="Amber Heard">Amber Heard</a> for several months in 2017;<a href="#cite_note-400">[394]</a> he had reportedly been "pursuing" her since 2012.<a href="#cite_note-hollywood-401">[395]</a> In 2018, Musk and Canadian musician <a href="/wiki/Grimes" title="Grimes">Grimes</a> confirmed they were dating.<a href="#cite_note-402">[396]</a> Grimes and Musk have three children, born in 2020, 2021, and 2023.<a href="#cite_note-403">[397]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-405">[399]</a> Musk and Grimes originally gave their eldest child the name "X <a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a> A-12", which would have violated California regulations as it contained characters that are not in the modern English alphabet;<a href="#cite_note-406">[400]</a><a href="#cite_note-407">[401]</a> the names registered on the birth certificate are "X" as a first name, "Æ A-<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Xii</a>" as a middle name, and "Musk" as a last name.<a href="#cite_note-408">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-xaea-xii.cnet-409">[403]</a> They received criticism for choosing a name perceived to be impractical and difficult to pronounce;<a href="#cite_note-410">[404]</a> Musk has said the intended pronunciation is "X Ash A Twelve".<a href="#cite_note-xaea-xii.cnet-409">[403]</a> Their second child was born via <a href="/wiki/Surrogacy" title="Surrogacy">surrogacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GrimesVanityFair2022-411">[405]</a> Despite the pregnancy, Musk confirmed reports that the couple were "semi-separated" in September 2021; in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> in December 2021, he said he was single.<a href="#cite_note-412">[406]</a><a href="#cite_note-413">[407]</a> In October 2023, Grimes sued Musk over parental rights and custody of X Æ A-Xii.<a href="#cite_note-414">[408]</a><a href="#cite_note-415">[409]</a><a href="#cite_note-416">[410]</a> Musk also has three children with <a href="/wiki/Shivon_Zilis" title="Shivon Zilis">Shivon Zilis</a>, director of operations and special projects at <a href="/wiki/Neuralink" title="Neuralink">Neuralink</a>, twins born via <a href="/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation" title="In vitro fertilisation">IVF</a> in 2021 and a child born in 2024 via surrogacy.<a href="#cite_note-417">[411]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTTAU-418">[412]</a><a href="#cite_note-WhoIs-419">[413]</a><a href="#cite_note-420">[414]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wealth">Wealth</h2></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">These paragraphs are an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Elon_Musk" title="Wealth of Elon Musk">Wealth of Elon Musk</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wealth_of_Elon_Musk&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> Elon Musk is the <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires" title="The World's Billionaires">wealthiest person in the world</a>, with an estimated <a href="/wiki/Net_worth" title="Net worth">net worth</a> of US$402 billion as of February 8, 2025, according to the <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Billionaires_Index" title="Bloomberg Billionaires Index">Bloomberg Billionaires Index</a>,<a href="#cite_note-421">[415]</a> and $397 billion according to <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Wealth_of_Elon_Musk_ForbesFeb24Top10-422">[416]</a> primarily from his ownership stakes in <a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a> and <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>.<a href="#cite_note-423">[417]</a> Having been first listed on the <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires" title="The World's Billionaires">Forbes Billionaires List</a> in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-Wealth_of_Elon_Musk_:1-424">[418]</a> around 75% of Musk's wealth was derived from Tesla stock in November 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Wealth_of_Elon_Musk_gates-425">[419]</a> Describing himself as "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cash_poor" class="extiw" title="wikt:cash poor">cash poor</a>",<a href="#cite_note-Wealth_of_Elon_Musk_cash-426">[420]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wealth_of_Elon_Musk_wsj-427">[421]</a> a year later, he became the first person in the world to have a net worth above $300 billion. By December 2024, he became the first person to reach a net worth of $400 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Wealth_of_Elon_Musk_maruf-428">[422]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musk_Foundation">Musk Foundation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Musk_Foundation" title="Musk Foundation">Musk Foundation</a></div> Musk is president of the Musk Foundation he founded in 2001,<a href="#cite_note-429">[423]</a><a href="#cite_note-musklandia-430">[424]</a> whose stated purpose is to provide solar-power energy systems in disaster areas, with an interest in human space exploration, <a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">pediatrics</a>, renewable energy, and "safe artificial intelligence".<a href="#cite_note-Harris-2019-431">[425]</a> From 2002 to 2018, the foundation donated nearly half of its $25 million directly to Musk's OpenAI.<a href="#cite_note-vox-432">[426]</a><a href="#cite_note-433">[427]</a> The foundation's assets reached $9.4 billion by the end of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-434">[428]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_image">Public image</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Elon_Musk" title="Public image of Elon Musk">Public image of Elon Musk</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TrumpMilei%26Musk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/TrumpMilei%26Musk.jpg/220px-TrumpMilei%26Musk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/TrumpMilei%26Musk.jpg/330px-TrumpMilei%26Musk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/TrumpMilei%26Musk.jpg/440px-TrumpMilei%26Musk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Musk (second from left) with Trump (second from right) and President of Argentina <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a> (center) in 2024</figcaption></figure> Although his ventures have been highly influential within their separate industries starting in the 2000s, Musk only became a public figure in the early 2010s. He has been described as an eccentric who makes spontaneous and impactful decisions, while also often making controversial statements, contrary to other billionaires who prefer reclusiveness to protect their businesses. Musk's actions and <a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">his expressed views</a> have made him a polarizing figure.<a href="#cite_note-Trouble-435">[429]</a> Biographer Ashlee Vance described people's opinions of Musk as polarized due to his "part philosopher, part <a href="/wiki/Troll_(slang)" title="Troll (slang)">troll</a>" persona on Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-celebrity-436">[430]</a> Musk has been described as an American <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">oligarch</a> due to his extensive influence over public discourse, social media, industry, politics, and government policy.<a href="#cite_note-437">[431]</a> His influence in the <a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">second presidency of Donald Trump</a> led some to call him the "actual president-elect", "shadow president" or "co-president".<a href="#cite_note-438">[432]</a><a href="#cite_note-439">[433]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accolades">Accolades</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Elon_Musk" title="List of awards and honors received by Elon Musk">List of awards and honors received by Elon Musk</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conectividade_e_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Amaz%C3%B4nia_com_Elon_Musk_-_52089866211.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Musk wearing a medal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Conectividade_e_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Amaz%C3%B4nia_com_Elon_Musk_-_52089866211.png/130px-Conectividade_e_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Amaz%C3%B4nia_com_Elon_Musk_-_52089866211.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Conectividade_e_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Amaz%C3%B4nia_com_Elon_Musk_-_52089866211.png/195px-Conectividade_e_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Amaz%C3%B4nia_com_Elon_Musk_-_52089866211.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Conectividade_e_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Amaz%C3%B4nia_com_Elon_Musk_-_52089866211.png/260px-Conectividade_e_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Amaz%C3%B4nia_com_Elon_Musk_-_52089866211.png 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="6720" /></a><figcaption>Musk receiving the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Defence_Merit" title="Order of Defence Merit">Order of Defence Merit</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Armed_Forces" title="Brazilian Armed Forces">Brazilian Armed Forces</a> in 2022<a href="#cite_note-Costa2022-440">[434]</a></figcaption></figure> Awards for his contributions to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Falcon_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon rocket">Falcon rockets</a> include the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Aeronautics_and_Astronautics" title="American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics">American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics</a> George Low Transportation Award in 2008,<a href="#cite_note-441">[435]</a> the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_A%C3%A9ronautique_Internationale" title="Fédération Aéronautique Internationale">Fédération Aéronautique Internationale</a> Gold Space Medal in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-442">[436]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aeronautical_Society" title="Royal Aeronautical Society">Royal Aeronautical Society</a> Gold Medal in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-443">[437]</a> In 2015, he received an honorary doctorate in engineering and technology from <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a><a href="#cite_note-444">[438]</a> and an <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Honorary_Membership" title="IEEE Honorary Membership">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Honorary Membership</a>.<a href="#cite_note-445">[439]</a> Musk was elected a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> (FRS) in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-446">[440]</a><a href="#cite_note-448">[g]</a> In 2022, Musk was elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lat20141214-449">[442]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> has listed Musk as <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">one of the most influential people in the world</a> in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-450">[443]</a> 2013,<a href="#cite_note-451">[444]</a> 2018,<a href="#cite_note-452">[445]</a> and 2021.<a href="#cite_note-453">[446]</a> Musk was selected as Time's "<a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Person of the Year</a>" for 2021. Then Time editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Edward_Felsenthal" title="Edward Felsenthal">Edward Felsenthal</a> wrote that, "Person of the Year is a marker of influence, and few individuals have had more influence than Musk on life on Earth, and potentially life off Earth too."<a href="#cite_note-454">[447]</a><a href="#cite_note-455">[448]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_filmography" title="Elon Musk filmography">Elon Musk filmography</a></div> Musk was a partial inspiration for the characterization of <a href="/wiki/Tony_Stark_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Tony Stark (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Tony Stark</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Studios" title="Marvel Studios">Marvel</a> film <a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_(2008_film)" title="Iron Man (2008 film)">Iron Man</a> (2008).<a href="#cite_note-456">[449]</a> Musk also had a cameo appearance in the film's 2010 sequel, <a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_2" title="Iron Man 2">Iron Man 2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-457">[450]</a> Other films that he has made cameos and appearances include <a href="/wiki/Machete_Kills" title="Machete Kills">Machete Kills</a> (2013),<a href="#cite_note-458">[451]</a> <a href="/wiki/Why_Him%3F" title="Why Him?">Why Him?</a> (2016),<a href="#cite_note-459">[452]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Men_in_Black:_International" title="Men in Black: International">Men in Black: International</a> (2019).<a href="#cite_note-460">[453]</a> Television series in which he has appeared include <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a> ("<a href="/wiki/The_Musk_Who_Fell_to_Earth" title="The Musk Who Fell to Earth">The Musk Who Fell to Earth</a>", 2015),<a href="#cite_note-461">[454]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory" title="The Big Bang Theory">The Big Bang Theory</a> ("<a href="/wiki/The_Platonic_Permutation" title="The Platonic Permutation">The Platonic Permutation</a>", 2015),<a href="#cite_note-462">[455]</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Members_Only_(South_Park)" title="Members Only (South Park)">Members Only</a>", 2016),<a href="#cite_note-463">[456]</a><a href="#cite_note-464">[457]</a> <a href="/wiki/Young_Sheldon" title="Young Sheldon">Young Sheldon</a> ("<a href="/wiki/List_of_Young_Sheldon_episodes" title="List of Young Sheldon episodes">A Patch, a Modem, and a Zantac®</a>", 2017),<a href="#cite_note-465">[458]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rick_and_Morty" title="Rick and Morty">Rick and Morty</a> ("<a href="/wiki/One_Crew_over_the_Crewcoo%27s_Morty" title="One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty">One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty</a>", 2019).<a href="#cite_note-466">[459]</a><a href="#cite_note-467">[460]</a> He contributed interviews to the documentaries <a href="/wiki/Racing_Extinction" title="Racing Extinction">Racing Extinction</a> (2015) and <a href="/wiki/Lo_and_Behold,_Reveries_of_the_Connected_World" title="Lo and Behold, Reveries of the Connected World">Lo and Behold</a> (2016).<a href="#cite_note-468">[461]</a><a href="#cite_note-469">[462]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Elon's maternal grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_N._Haldeman" title="Joshua N. Haldeman">Joshua N. Haldeman</a>, who died when Elon was a toddler, was an American-born Canadian who took his family on record-breaking journeys to Africa and Australia in a single-engine <a href="/wiki/AviaBellanca_Aircraft" title="AviaBellanca Aircraft">AviaBellanca airplane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hull-2014-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hull-2014-9">[9]</a> In Canada, Haldeman was a political activist with the <a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_of_Canada" title="Social Credit Party of Canada">Social Credit Party of Canada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Technocracy_movement" title="Technocracy movement">Technocracy movement</a>. After moving to South Africa in 1950, he wrote articles supporting <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> and far-right <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories">conspiracy theories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Benton-13">[13]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Musk remained on the board and served as an advisor.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-vance89-74">[73]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> SpaceX received nearly $900 million in <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> subsidies for Starlink.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> He did not file the necessary SEC paperwork within 10 days of his stake passing 5%, a violation of US securities laws.<a href="#cite_note-twitter_buy-173">[170]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-salute-267"><a href="#cite_ref-salute_267-0">^</a> The "Roman salute" is a gesture which was used by <a href="/wiki/Italian_Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Fascist">Italian Fascists</a>, then adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazis</a>. It is not believed to have been used by ancient Romans. </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> Musk stated he was considering taking Tesla private at a price of $420 a share, an alleged reference to <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">marijuana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-341">[336]</a> Members of Tesla's board and rapper <a href="/wiki/Azealia_Banks" title="Azealia Banks">Azealia Banks</a> alleged that Musk may have been under the influence of recreational drugs when he wrote the tweet.<a href="#cite_note-342">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[338]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-448"><a href="#cite_ref-448">^</a> In 2024, Musk's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> membership was criticized by 74 members over his alleged anti-scientific behavior and promotion of misinformation, prompting debates about the society's standards on membership and leading to the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_V._M._Bishop" title="Dorothy V. M. 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Retrieved November 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+shares+the+science+fiction+book+series+that+inspired+him+to+start+SpaceX&rft.date=2020-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2020%2F02%2F21%2Felon-musk-recommends-science-fiction-book-series-that-inspired-spacex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vance-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Vance_31-0">^</a> <a href="#Vance">Vance (2017)</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-play-32"><a href="#cite_ref-play_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Kane2015" class="citation news cs1">O'Kane, Sean (June 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2015/6/9/8752333/elon-musk-blastar-pc-game">"Play the PC game Elon Musk wrote as a pre-teen"</a>. 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Retrieved January 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Play+the+PC+game+Elon+Musk+wrote+as+a+pre-teen&rft.date=2015-06-09&rft.aulast=O%27Kane&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2015%2F6%2F9%2F8752333%2Felon-musk-blastar-pc-game&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="#Belfiore">Belfiore (2007)</a>, pp. 166–195. </li> <li id="cite_note-slate20191204-34"><a href="#cite_ref-slate20191204_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMak2019" class="citation news cs1">Mak, Aaron (December 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201006045204/https://slate.com/technology/2019/12/elon-musk-trial-pedo-guy-diver-lawsuit.html">"Elon Musk Says 'Pedo Guy' Was a Common Insult in His Youth. We Checked With His Schoolmates"</a>. Slate. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/technology/2019/12/elon-musk-trial-pedo-guy-diver-lawsuit.html">the original</a> on October 6, 2020. 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Musk's opportunity to flee arrived with a change in the law that allowed Maye to pass her Canadian citizenship to her children. </li> <li id="cite_note-Esquire-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Esquire_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJunod2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Junod" title="Tom Junod">Junod, Tom</a> (November 15, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818171231/https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a16681/elon-musk-interview-1212/">"Elon Musk: Triumph of His Will"</a>. Esquire. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a16681/elon-musk-interview-1212/">the original</a> on August 18, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%3A+Triumph+of+His+Will&rft.date=2012-11-15&rft.aulast=Junod&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquire.com%2Fnews-politics%2Fa16681%2Felon-musk-interview-1212%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="#Vance">Vance (2017)</a>, pp. 43–44. What rarely gets mentions is that Musk attended the University of Pretoria for five months before heading off on his grand adventure. ... Musk characterized the time at university as just something to do while he awaited his Canadian documentation. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a href="#Vance">Vance (2017)</a>, p. 45. After a 1,900-mile bus ride, he ended up in Swift Current, a town of fifteen thousands people. Musk called a second cousin out of the blue from the bus station and hitched a ride to his house. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a href="#Vance">Vance (2017)</a>, p. 46. Musk spent the next year working a series of odd jobs around Canada. He tended vegetables and shoved out grain bins at a cousin's farm located in the tiny town of Waldeck. ... He inquired about the job with the best wage, which turned out to be a gig cleaning the boiler room of a lumber mill for eighteen dollars an hour. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a href="#Vance">Vance (2017)</a>, pp. 46–47. Elon ended up enrolling at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, in 1989. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLocke2019" class="citation news cs1">Locke, Taylor (December 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/20/elon-musks-college-friend-on-why-hes-different-from-everyone-else.html">"Elon Musk's college pal: This is what 'differentiates Elon from the rest of humanity'"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201214162910/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/20/elon-musks-college-friend-on-why-hes-different-from-everyone-else.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2020. 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Musk produced a document for me dated June 22, 2009, that came from Judith Haccou, the director of graduate admissions in the office of the registrar at Stanford University. It read, "As per special request from my colleagues in the School of Engineering, I have searched Stanford's admission data base and acknowledge that you applied and were admitted to the graduate program in Material Science Engineering in 1995. Since you did not enroll, Stanford is not able to issue you an official certification document." Musk also had an explanation for the weird timing on his degrees from Penn. "I had a History and an English credit that I agreed with Penn that I would do at Stanford," he said. "The I put Stanford on deferment. Later, Penn's requirements changed so that you don't need the English and History credit. 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Retrieved July 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%27s+brain+chip+firm+Neuralink+lines+up+clinical+trials+in+humans&rft.date=2022-01-20&rft.aulast=Neate&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2022%2Fjan%2F20%2Felon-musk-brain-chip-firm-neuralink-lines-up-clinical-trials-in-humans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2023" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Maanvi (September 19, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/sep/19/elon-musk-neuralink-human-trials-brain-implant">"Elon Musk's Neuralink approved to recruit humans for brain-implant trial"</a>. 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Retrieved September 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%27s+Neuralink+approved+to+recruit+humans+for+brain-implant+trial&rft.date=2023-09-19&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Maanvi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2023%2Fsep%2F19%2Felon-musk-neuralink-human-trials-brain-implant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2022" class="citation news cs1">Ryan, Hannah (February 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/17/business/elon-musk-neuralink-animal-cruelty-intl-scli/index.html">"Elon Musk's Neuralink confirms monkeys died in the project, denies animal cruelty claims"</a>. CNN Business. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220711203824/https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/17/business/elon-musk-neuralink-animal-cruelty-intl-scli/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%27s+Neuralink+confirms+monkeys+died+in+the+project%2C+denies+animal+cruelty+claims&rft.date=2022-02-17&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F02%2F17%2Fbusiness%2Felon-musk-neuralink-animal-cruelty-intl-scli%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-botched_monkeys-158"><a href="#cite_ref-botched_monkeys_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2022" class="citation news cs1">Levy, Rachel (December 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/musks-neuralink-faces-federal-probe-employee-backlash-over-animal-tests-2022-12-05/">"Musk's Neuralink faces federal probe, employee backlash over animal tests"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206012000/https://www.reuters.com/technology/musks-neuralink-faces-federal-probe-employee-backlash-over-animal-tests-2022-12-05/">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Musk%27s+Neuralink+faces+federal+probe%2C+employee+backlash+over+animal+tests&rft.date=2022-12-05&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Ftechnology%2Fmusks-neuralink-faces-federal-probe-employee-backlash-over-animal-tests-2022-12-05%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrova2021" class="citation news cs1">Petrova, Magdalena (July 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/20/why-elon-musks-boring-company-is-finding-that-traffic-is-tough-to-fix.html">"Why Elon Musk's Boring Company is finding that traffic is tough to fix"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220614005426/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/20/why-elon-musks-boring-company-is-finding-that-traffic-is-tough-to-fix.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+Elon+Musk%27s+Boring+Company+is+finding+that+traffic+is+tough+to+fix&rft.date=2021-07-20&rft.aulast=Petrova&rft.aufirst=Magdalena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F07%2F20%2Fwhy-elon-musks-boring-company-is-finding-that-traffic-is-tough-to-fix.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnndogecoin-160"><a href="#cite_ref-cnndogecoin_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFarland2022" class="citation news cs1">McFarland, Matt (July 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/06/business/boring-company-dogecoin-vegas/index.html">"Elon Musk's Boring Company will let you pay for a ride with Dogecoin"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220726194550/https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/06/business/boring-company-dogecoin-vegas/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%27s+Boring+Company+will+let+you+pay+for+a+ride+with+Dogecoin&rft.date=2022-07-06&rft.aulast=McFarland&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F07%2F06%2Fbusiness%2Fboring-company-dogecoin-vegas%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-boring-161"><a href="#cite_ref-boring_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeathman" class="citation magazine cs1">Heathman, Amelia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/elon-musk-tunnel-boring">"Elon Musk's boring machine has already built a 'test trench' in LA"</a>. Wired. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170718214211/http://www.wired.co.uk/article/elon-musk-tunnel-boring">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2017. Retrieved February 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%27s+boring+machine+has+already+built+a+%27test+trench%27+in+LA&rft.aulast=Heathman&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.co.uk%2Farticle%2Felon-musk-tunnel-boring&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero2018" class="citation news cs1">Romero, Dennis (December 19, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/tech/elon-musk-puts-his-electric-car-tunnel-calls-it-future-ncna949686">"Elon Musk unveils his test car tunnel as a fix for traffic in Los Angeles"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704132024/https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/tech/elon-musk-puts-his-electric-car-tunnel-calls-it-future-ncna949686">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+unveils+his+test+car+tunnel+as+a+fix+for+traffic+in+Los+Angeles&rft.date=2018-12-19&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fmach%2Ftech%2Felon-musk-puts-his-electric-car-tunnel-calls-it-future-ncna949686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarivar2021" class="citation news cs1">Farivar, Cyrus (June 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/urban-tunnels-musk-s-boring-co-draw-industry-skepticism-n1269677">"Fort Lauderdale officials say Elon Musk's new tunnel to the beach can't come fast enough"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210703130707/https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/urban-tunnels-musk-s-boring-co-draw-industry-skepticism-n1269677">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fort+Lauderdale+officials+say+Elon+Musk%27s+new+tunnel+to+the+beach+can%27t+come+fast+enough&rft.date=2021-06-08&rft.aulast=Farivar&rft.aufirst=Cyrus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Ftech%2Ftech-news%2Furban-tunnels-musk-s-boring-co-draw-industry-skepticism-n1269677&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeater2018" class="citation news cs1">Heater, Brian (November 28, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/28/elon-musks-boring-co-drops-la-westside-tunnel-plan/">"Elon Musk's Boring Co. drops LA Westside tunnel plan"</a>. TechCrunch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181128133124/https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/28/elon-musks-boring-co-drops-la-westside-tunnel-plan/">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%27s+Boring+Co.+drops+LA+Westside+tunnel+plan&rft.date=2018-11-28&rft.aulast=Heater&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2018%2F11%2F28%2Felon-musks-boring-co-drops-la-westside-tunnel-plan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/tourism/boring-co-underground-loop-to-be-put-to-the-test-2358258/">"Boring Co. underground loop to be put to the test"</a>. The Las Vegas Review-Journal. 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Retrieved May 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Las+Vegas+Review-Journal&rft.atitle=Boring+Co.+underground+loop+to+be+put+to+the+test&rft.date=2021-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reviewjournal.com%2Fbusiness%2Ftourism%2Fboring-co-underground-loop-to-be-put-to-the-test-2358258%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcBride2020" class="citation news cs1">McBride, Sarah (December 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-16/the-boring-company-las-vegas-loop-projects-eyes-major-expansion">"Elon Musk's Proposed Vegas Strip Transit System Advanced by City Council Vote"</a>. Bloomberg L.P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111092533/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-16/the-boring-company-las-vegas-loop-projects-eyes-major-expansion">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%27s+Proposed+Vegas+Strip+Transit+System+Advanced+by+City+Council+Vote&rft.date=2020-12-16&rft.aulast=McBride&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2020-12-16%2Fthe-boring-company-las-vegas-loop-projects-eyes-major-expansion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusk2022" class="citation web cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Musk, Elon [@elonmusk]</a> (April 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1514564966564651008">"I made an offer [https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001418091/000110465922045641/tm2212748d1_sc13da.htm https://sec.gov/Archives/edgar...]"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220414112418/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1514564966564651008">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2022. Retrieved May 2, 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+made+an+offer%3Cbr+%2F%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22url%22%3E%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F0001418091%2F000110465922045641%2Ftm2212748d1_sc13da.htm+https%3A%2F%2Fsec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar...%5D%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2022-04-14&rft.aulast=Musk&rft.aufirst=Elon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Felonmusk%2Fstatus%2F1514564966564651008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2022" class="citation news cs1">Paul, Kari (April 26, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/apr/25/timeline-elon-musks-history-twitter">"Chaotic and crass: a brief timeline of Elon Musk's history with Twitter"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220426050301/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/apr/25/timeline-elon-musks-history-twitter">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Chaotic+and+crass%3A+a+brief+timeline+of+Elon+Musk%27s+history+with+Twitter&rft.date=2022-04-26&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Kari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2022%2Fapr%2F25%2Ftimeline-elon-musks-history-twitter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60979656">"Elon Musk snaps up $3bn Twitter stake"</a>. BBC News. April 4, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220404110529/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60979656">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+snaps+up+%243bn+Twitter+stake&rft.date=2022-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-60979656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Callum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/elon-musk-becomes-twitters-biggest-shareholder-after-taking-9-2-stake-p57b9wbs2">"Elon Musk becomes Twitter's biggest shareholder after taking 9.2% stake"</a>. 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Retrieved April 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+becomes+Twitter%27s+biggest+shareholder+after+taking+9.2%25+stake&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Callum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Felon-musk-becomes-twitters-biggest-shareholder-after-taking-9-2-stake-p57b9wbs2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-elder-171"><a href="#cite_ref-elder_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElder2022" class="citation news cs1">Elder, Bryce (April 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/d95f6255-010d-4f1b-93db-1cc26bf40538">"Musk and Twitter: the timeline"</a>. 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Retrieved June 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Musk+and+Twitter%3A+the+timeline&rft.date=2022-04-06&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=Bryce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fd95f6255-010d-4f1b-93db-1cc26bf40538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloomberg4.14.22-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bloomberg4.14.22_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloomberg4.14.22_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdlerTurner2022" class="citation news cs1">Adler, Maxwell; Turner, Giles (April 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-14/elon-musk-launches-43-billion-hostile-takeover-of-twitter">"Elon Musk Makes $43 Billion Unsolicited Bid to Take Twitter Private"</a>. 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Retrieved April 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+Makes+%2443+Billion+Unsolicited+Bid+to+Take+Twitter+Private&rft.date=2022-04-14&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=Maxwell&rft.au=Turner%2C+Giles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-04-14%2Felon-musk-launches-43-billion-hostile-takeover-of-twitter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-twitter_buy-173"><a href="#cite_ref-twitter_buy_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/04/06/musk-twitter-sec/">"Elon Musk delayed filing a form and made $156 million"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408004816/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/04/06/musk-twitter-sec/">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+delayed+filing+a+form+and+made+%24156+million&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2022%2F04%2F06%2Fmusk-twitter-sec%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorfield2022" class="citation news cs1">Corfield, Gareth (April 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2022/04/05/elon-musk-floats-idea-editing-tweets-stock-swoop/">"Elon Musk to join Twitter board"</a>. 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Retrieved April 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+to+join+Twitter+board&rft.date=2022-04-05&rft.aulast=Corfield&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fbusiness%2F2022%2F04%2F05%2Felon-musk-floats-idea-editing-tweets-stock-swoop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLean2022" class="citation news cs1">McLean, Rob (April 11, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/11/tech/elon-musk-twitter-board/index.html">"Twitter CEO: Elon Musk will not join Twitter board"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411174237/https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/11/tech/elon-musk-twitter-board/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Twitter+CEO%3A+Elon+Musk+will+not+join+Twitter+board&rft.date=2022-04-11&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F04%2F11%2Ftech%2Felon-musk-twitter-board%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220414-elon-musk-launches-hostile-takeover-bid-for-twitter">"Elon Musk launches hostile takeover bid for Twitter"</a>. France 24. Agence France-Presse. 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Retrieved April 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+launches+hostile+takeover+bid+for+Twitter&rft.date=2022-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20220414-elon-musk-launches-hostile-takeover-bid-for-twitter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStahl" class="citation news cs1">Stahl, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/twitter-elon-musk-latest-news/card/musk-twitter-deal-values-company-at-around-44-billion-MdEXkyNxU0GbJ1kqBc1M">"Musk-Twitter Deal Values Company at Around $44 Billion"</a>. 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Retrieved October 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Musk+officially+closes+Twitter+deal%3A+reports&rft.date=2022-10-27&rft.aulast=Klar&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Ftechnology%2F3708424-musk-officially-closes-twitter-deal-reports%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/27/technology/musk-twitter.html">"Musk Said to Begin Firing Twitter's Top Executives"</a>. The New York Times. 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BBC News. November 2, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102095601/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-63478854">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2022. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102023742/https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/01/tech/musk-twitter-verification-price">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2022. 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Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105220639/https://www.reuters.com/technology/twitter-launches-8-monthly-subscription-with-blue-checkmark-2022-11-05/">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2022. 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Retrieved September 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=What+to+Know+About+Elon+Musk%27s+New+AI+Company%2C+xAI&rft.date=2023-07-12&rft.aulast=Henshall&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6294278%2Felon-musk-xai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZahn" class="citation news cs1">Zahn, Max. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Business/elon-musk-launches-ai-company-compete-chatgpt/story?id=101210078">"Elon Musk launches his own AI company to compete with ChatGPT"</a>. ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715185603/https://abcnews.go.com/Business/elon-musk-launches-ai-company-compete-chatgpt/story?id=101210078">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved July 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+launches+his+own+AI+company+to+compete+with+ChatGPT&rft.aulast=Zahn&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FBusiness%2Felon-musk-launches-ai-company-compete-chatgpt%2Fstory%3Fid%3D101210078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusk2022" class="citation web cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Musk, Elon [@elonmusk]</a> (December 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221216022311/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1603573725978275841">"Same doxxing rules apply to "journalists" as to everyone else"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1603573725978275841">the original</a> on December 16, 2022. 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Politico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517174126/https://www.protocol.com/elon-musks-new-plane">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%27s+new+plane&rft.date=2020-08-25&rft.aulast=Pierce&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.protocol.com%2Felon-musks-new-plane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarwell2019" class="citation news cs1">Harwell, Drew (January 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/elon-musks-highflying-2018-what-150000-miles-in-a-private-jet-reveal-about-his-excruciating-year/2019/01/29/83b5604e-20ee-11e9-8b59-0a28f2191131_story.html">"Elon Musk's highflying 2018: What 150,000 miles in a private jet reveal about his 'excruciating' year"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504010014/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/elon-musks-highflying-2018-what-150000-miles-in-a-private-jet-reveal-about-his-excruciating-year/2019/01/29/83b5604e-20ee-11e9-8b59-0a28f2191131_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2021. Retrieved May 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%27s+highflying+2018%3A+What+150%2C000+miles+in+a+private+jet+reveal+about+his+%27excruciating%27+year&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft.aulast=Harwell&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Felon-musks-highflying-2018-what-150000-miles-in-a-private-jet-reveal-about-his-excruciating-year%2F2019%2F01%2F29%2F83b5604e-20ee-11e9-8b59-0a28f2191131_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusk2022" class="citation web cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Musk, Elon [@elonmusk]</a> (December 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1603190155107794944">"Last night, car carrying lil X in LA was followed by crazy stalker (thinking it was me), who later blocked car from moving & climbed onto hood. Legal action is being taken against Sweeney & organizations who supported harm to my family"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221219203040/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1603190155107794944">Archived</a> from the original on December 19, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Last+night%2C+car+carrying+lil+X+in+LA+was+followed+by+crazy+stalker+%28thinking+it+was+me%29%2C+who+later+blocked+car+from+moving+%26+climbed+onto+hood.+Legal+action+is+being+taken+against+Sweeney+%26+organizations+who+supported+harm+to+my+family.&rft.date=2022-12-15&rft.aulast=Musk&rft.aufirst=Elon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Felonmusk%2Fstatus%2F1603190155107794944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WP-221"><a href="#cite_ref-WP_221-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/12/14/elonjet-twitter-suspension-jack-sweeney-talks/">"Musk bans Twitter account tracking his jet, threatens to sue creator"</a>. The Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221215002815/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/12/14/elonjet-twitter-suspension-jack-sweeney-talks/">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2022. 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Retrieved June 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Elusive+Politics+of+Elon+Musk&rft.date=2022-04-26&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F04%2F16%2Fbusiness%2Felon-musk-politics-twitter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson" class="citation news cs1">Robertson, Derek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/06/10/elon-musk-twitter-republican-00038671">"Elon Musk Has Become the Villain Liberals Always Imagined Him to Be"</a>. 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Retrieved November 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+Has+Become+the+Villain+Liberals+Always+Imagined+Him+to+Be&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine%2F2022%2F06%2F10%2Felon-musk-twitter-republican-00038671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJankowicz2022" class="citation news cs1">Jankowicz, Mia (November 9, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mayra-flores-1st-elon-musk-vote-gop-candidate-loses-midterms-2022-11">"The House member who received Elon Musk's first vote for a Republican lost her seat after only 5 months"</a>. Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312072134/https://www.businessinsider.com/mayra-flores-1st-elon-musk-vote-gop-candidate-loses-midterms-2022-11">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+House+member+who+received+Elon+Musk%27s+first+vote+for+a+Republican+lost+her+seat+after+only+5+months&rft.date=2022-11-09&rft.aulast=Jankowicz&rft.aufirst=Mia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fmayra-flores-1st-elon-musk-vote-gop-candidate-loses-midterms-2022-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Far-right=2025-232"><a href="#cite_ref-Far-right=2025_232-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton2024" class="citation news cs1">Clayton, Freddie (December 22, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/elon-musk-europe-surging-far-right-rcna185145">"Elon Musk courts Europe's surging far right"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250119003701/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/elon-musk-europe-surging-far-right-rcna185145">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2025. Retrieved January 20, 2025. <q>Musk has thrown his support behind far-right politicians in the U.K., Italy and Germany.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+courts+Europe%27s+surging+far+right&rft.date=2024-12-22&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Freddie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Felon-musk-europe-surging-far-right-rcna185145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacBensinger2025" class="citation news cs1">Mac, Ryan; Bensinger, Ken (January 8, 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/08/technology/elon-musk-far-right.html">"As Elon Musk Embraces Far Right, Some of Its Top Figures Reject Him"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250108183322/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/08/technology/elon-musk-far-right.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2025. Retrieved January 20, 2025. <q>Mr. Musk's falling-out with some on the far right stands out as he increasingly embraces more extreme parties and figures globally, including in Germany, where he has backed a political party with ties to neo-Nazis and plans to host a livestream with one of its leaders on Thursday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=As+Elon+Musk+Embraces+Far+Right%2C+Some+of+Its+Top+Figures+Reject+Him&rft.date=2025-01-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Mac&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.au=Bensinger%2C+Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F01%2F08%2Ftechnology%2Felon-musk-far-right.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawless2025" class="citation news cs1">Lawless, Jill (January 7, 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-europe-politics-germany-uk-f50d69d0d192a2d81c95f5d64c6d4acd">"Elon Musk helped Trump win. Now he's looking at Europe, and many politicians are alarmed"</a>. The Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250108183646/https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-europe-politics-germany-uk-f50d69d0d192a2d81c95f5d64c6d4acd">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2025. Retrieved January 20, 2025. <q>The Tesla and SpaceX chief executive has endorsed the far-right Alternative for Germany, demanded the release of jailed U.K. anti-Islam extremist Tommy Robinson and called British Prime Minister Keir Starmer an evil tyrant who should be in prison. Many European politicians have been left concerned by the attention. Musk's feed on his social network X is dotted with abusive language — labeling politicians "stupid cretin" and "sniveling cowards" — as well as retweets of far-right and anti-immigrant accounts.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+helped+Trump+win.+Now+he%27s+looking+at+Europe%2C+and+many+politicians+are+alarmed&rft.date=2025-01-07&rft.aulast=Lawless&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Felon-musk-europe-politics-germany-uk-f50d69d0d192a2d81c95f5d64c6d4acd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiquiMerrill2024" class="citation news cs1">Siddiqui, Faiz; Merrill, Jeremy B. (August 11, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/08/11/musk-x-feed-politics-trump/">"Elon Musk's X feed becomes megaphone for his far-right politics"</a>. The Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241124030234/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/08/11/musk-x-feed-politics-trump/">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2024. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241209211716/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/19/media/elon-musk-don-lemon-interview-analysis-hnk-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2024. Retrieved January 20, 2025. <q>Musk appears to be growing more intolerant of other viewpoints. While elevating right-wing extremists, he simultaneously seeks to destroy trust in credible news sources.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Radicalized+by+the+right%3A+Elon+Musk+puts+his+conspiratorial+thinking+on+display+for+the+world+to+see&rft.date=2024-03-19&rft.aulast=Darcy&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2024%2F03%2F19%2Fmedia%2Felon-musk-don-lemon-interview-analysis-hnk-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/misinformation/elon-musk-misleading-election-claims-x-views-report-rcna165599">"Elon Musk's misleading election claims have accrued 1.2 billion views on X, new analysis says"</a>. 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Retrieved August 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Musk%27s+false+X+posts+on+US+election+viewed+1.2+billion+times%2C+says+watchdog&rft.date=2024-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20240808-musk-s-misleading-election-posts-viewed-1-2-billion-times-study&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2023" class="citation news cs1">Duffy, Clare (November 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/20/tech/elon-musk-boosting-pizzagate-conspiracy-theory/index.html">"Elon Musk is now boosting the 'Pizzagate' conspiracy theory | CNN Business"</a>. 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Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200526090653/https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/if-anyone-is-arrested-i-ask-that-it-only-be-me-elon-musk-confirms-tesla-is-restarting-its-factory-against-local-rules/articleshow/75685733.cms">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved May 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=%27If+anyone+is+arrested%2C+I+ask+that+it+only+be+me%27%3A+Elon+Musk+confirms+Tesla+is+restarting+its+factory+against+local+rules&rft.date=2020-05-12&rft.aulast=Rapier&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.in%2Fthelife%2Fnews%2Fif-anyone-is-arrested-i-ask-that-it-only-be-me-elon-musk-confirms-tesla-is-restarting-its-factory-against-local-rules%2Farticleshow%2F75685733.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLjunggren2022" class="citation news cs1">Ljunggren, David (January 27, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/anti-vaccine-canada-truckers-roll-toward-ottawa-praised-by-teslas-musk-2022-01-27/">"Anti-vaccine Canada truckers roll toward Ottawa, praised by Tesla's Musk"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220127205337/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/anti-vaccine-canada-truckers-roll-toward-ottawa-praised-by-teslas-musk-2022-01-27/">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Anti-vaccine+Canada+truckers+roll+toward+Ottawa%2C+praised+by+Tesla%27s+Musk&rft.date=2022-01-27&rft.aulast=Ljunggren&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fanti-vaccine-canada-truckers-roll-toward-ottawa-praised-by-teslas-musk-2022-01-27%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLing2022" class="citation news cs1">Ling, Justin (February 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/08/canada-ottawa-trucker-protest-extremist-qanon-neo-nazi">"5G and QAnon: how conspiracy theorists steered Canada's anti-vaccine trucker protest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220208080607/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/08/canada-ottawa-trucker-protest-extremist-qanon-neo-nazi">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=5G+and+QAnon%3A+how+conspiracy+theorists+steered+Canada%27s+anti-vaccine+trucker+protest&rft.date=2022-02-08&rft.aulast=Ling&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Ffeb%2F08%2Fcanada-ottawa-trucker-protest-extremist-qanon-neo-nazi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robertson-20232-324"><a href="#cite_ref-Robertson-20232_324-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2023" class="citation news cs1">Robertson, Nick (November 10, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/international/4304954-elon-musk-israel-thwart-hamas-with-acts-of-kindness/">"Elon Musk says Israel could thwart Hamas with 'conspicuous acts of kindness'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hill (magazine)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250113190958/https://thehill.com/policy/international/4304954-elon-musk-israel-thwart-hamas-with-acts-of-kindness/">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2025. Retrieved February 8, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+says+Israel+could+thwart+Hamas+with+%27conspicuous+acts+of+kindness%27&rft.date=2023-11-10&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Finternational%2F4304954-elon-musk-israel-thwart-hamas-with-acts-of-kindness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-He-20212-325">^ <a href="#cite_ref-He-20212_325-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-He-20212_325-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHe2021" class="citation news cs1">He, Laura (March 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/24/tech/elon-musk-china-intl-hnk/index.html">"Elon Musk is trying to win China back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182137/https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/24/tech/elon-musk-china-intl-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+is+trying+to+win+China+back&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F03%2F24%2Ftech%2Felon-musk-china-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Choi-20192-326">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Choi-20192_326-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Choi-20192_326-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoi2019" class="citation news cs1">Choi, Martin (January 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2181556/tesla-boss-elon-musk-says-he-loves-china-so-premier-li-keqiang">"Tesla boss Elon Musk says he loves China, so Premier Li Keqiang offers him a green card"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110124357/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2181556/tesla-boss-elon-musk-says-he-loves-china-so-premier-li-keqiang">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2019. Retrieved December 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Tesla+boss+Elon+Musk+says+he+loves+China%2C+so+Premier+Li+Keqiang+offers+him+a+green+card&rft.date=2019-01-10&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fdiplomacy%2Farticle%2F2181556%2Ftesla-boss-elon-musk-says-he-loves-china-so-premier-li-keqiang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liang-20222-327"><a href="#cite_ref-Liang-20222_327-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiang2022" class="citation news cs1">Liang, Annabelle (October 10, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-63196452">"Elon Musk wades into China and Taiwan tensions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221010034740/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-63196452">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2022. Retrieved October 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+wades+into+China+and+Taiwan+tensions&rft.date=2022-10-10&rft.aulast=Liang&rft.aufirst=Annabelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-63196452&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khalaf-20222-328"><a href="#cite_ref-Khalaf-20222_328-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalaf2022" class="citation news cs1">Khalaf, Roula (October 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240514060142/https://www.ft.com/content/5ef14997-982e-4f03-8548-b5d67202623a">"Elon Musk: 'Aren't you entertained?'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/5ef14997-982e-4f03-8548-b5d67202623a">the original</a> on May 14, 2024. Retrieved December 21, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%3A+%27Aren%27t+you+entertained%3F%27&rft.date=2022-10-07&rft.aulast=Khalaf&rft.aufirst=Roula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F5ef14997-982e-4f03-8548-b5d67202623a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oshin-20222-329"><a href="#cite_ref-Oshin-20222_329-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOshin2022" class="citation web cs1">Oshin, Olafimihan (March 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/598125-elon-musk-challenges-putin-on-twitter-to-single-combat-for/">"Elon Musk challenges Putin on Twitter to 'single combat' for Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221015172412/https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/598125-elon-musk-challenges-putin-on-twitter-to-single-combat-for/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved October 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+challenges+Putin+on+Twitter+to+%27single+combat%27+for+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-03-14&rft.aulast=Oshin&rft.aufirst=Olafimihan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Finternational%2Feurope%2F598125-elon-musk-challenges-putin-on-twitter-to-single-combat-for%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson-20222-330"><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson-20222_330-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2022" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Joseph (October 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/musks-plan-end-russian-war-infuriates-ukraine-twitter-91000281">"Musk's plan to end Russian war infuriates Ukraine on Twitter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221020101000/https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/musks-plan-end-russian-war-infuriates-ukraine-twitter-91000281">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Musk%27s+plan+to+end+Russian+war+infuriates+Ukraine+on+Twitter&rft.date=2022-10-04&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FBusiness%2FwireStory%2Fmusks-plan-end-russian-war-infuriates-ukraine-twitter-91000281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gold-20242-331"><a href="#cite_ref-Gold-20242_331-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGold2024" class="citation web cs1">Gold, Hadas (December 20, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/12/20/media/elon-musk-afd-germany-politics-far-right/index.html">"Elon Musk endorses far-right German political party, wading deeper into global politics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Retrieved December 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elon+Musk+endorses+far-right+German+political+party%2C+wading+deeper+into+global+politics&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2024-12-20&rft.aulast=Gold&rft.aufirst=Hadas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2024%2F12%2F20%2Fmedia%2Felon-musk-afd-germany-politics-far-right%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gregory-20242-332"><a href="#cite_ref-Gregory-20242_332-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregoryCooke2024" class="citation news cs1">Gregory, Andy; Cooke, Millie (August 5, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/elon-musk-civil-war-uk-riots-b2591213.html">"Downing Street condemns Elon Musk for claim 'civil war is inevitable'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240805174350/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/elon-musk-civil-war-uk-riots-b2591213.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2024. Retrieved November 19, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Downing+Street+condemns+Elon+Musk+for+claim+%27civil+war+is+inevitable%27&rft.date=2024-08-05&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft.au=Cooke%2C+Millie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Felon-musk-civil-war-uk-riots-b2591213.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-2024a2-333"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News-2024a2_333-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cze5gd1jzkeo">"What is Elon Musk's game plan?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. August 7, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240807125803/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cze5gd1jzkeo">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2024. Retrieved November 19, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Elon+Musk%27s+game+plan%3F&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2024-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcze5gd1jzkeo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Independent-20242-334"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Independent-20242_334-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/elon-musk-riots-rishi-sunak-b2593155.html">"Elon Musk lashes out at the UK again as Sunak holidays in California"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. August 8, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240809041242/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/elon-musk-riots-rishi-sunak-b2593155.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+lashes+out+at+the+UK+again+as+Sunak+holidays+in+California&rft.date=2024-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Felon-musk-riots-rishi-sunak-b2593155.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Daily_Telegraph-20242-335"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Daily_Telegraph-20242_335-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/08/06/riots-police-tackle-all-sides-equal-ferocity-two-tier/">"Musk brands Starmer 'two-tier Keir' amid row over riot policing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. August 6, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240807004921/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/08/06/riots-police-tackle-all-sides-equal-ferocity-two-tier/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2024. 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Retrieved May 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vulture&rft.atitle=Grimes+and+Elon+Musk%27s+Baby+Has+Arrived%2C+Just+As+Legend+Foretold&rft.date=2020-05-04&rft.aulast=Kiefer&rft.aufirst=Halle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2020%2F05%2Felon-musk-and-grimes-welcome-first-baby-together.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-404"><a href="#cite_ref-404">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrepany2020" class="citation news cs1">Trepany, Charles (May 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eu.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2020/05/05/elon-musk-grimes-welcome-baby/3082615001/">"Elon Musk shares first photo of his and Grimes' new baby boy: 'Mom and baby all good'"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200529124947/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2020/05/05/elon-musk-grimes-welcome-baby/3082615001/">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+shares+first+photo+of+his+and+Grimes%27+new+baby+boy%3A+%27Mom+and+baby+all+good%27&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft.aulast=Trepany&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feu.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Fcelebrities%2F2020%2F05%2F05%2Felon-musk-grimes-welcome-baby%2F3082615001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-405"><a href="#cite_ref-405">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHines2023" class="citation web cs1">Hines, Dominique (September 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/elon-musk-third-child-grimes-name-techno-mechanicus-tau-b1106201.html">"Elon Musk confirms third child with Grimes and shares newborn's unusual name"</a>. 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Retrieved January 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%27s+baby+name+isn%27t+just+weird%2C+it+may+be+against+California+regulations&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Lerman&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2020%2F05%2F08%2Fmusk-grimes-baby-name%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuy2020" class="citation news cs1">Guy, Jack (May 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/25/entertainment/grimes-musk-baby-name-tweak-scli-intl/index.html">"Elon Musk and Grimes have changed their baby's name. A bit"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200525204407/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/25/entertainment/grimes-musk-baby-name-tweak-scli-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+and+Grimes+have+changed+their+baby%27s+name.+A+bit&rft.date=2020-05-25&rft.aulast=Guy&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F05%2F25%2Fentertainment%2Fgrimes-musk-baby-name-tweak-scli-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-xaea-xii.cnet-409">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xaea-xii.cnet_409-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-xaea-xii.cnet_409-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2020" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Gael Fashingbauer (June 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/elon-musk-and-grimes-saved-a-surprise-for-son-x-ae-a-12s-birth-certificate/">"Elon Musk and Grimes saved a surprise for son X Æ A-12's birth certificate"</a>. CNET. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617021513/https://www.cnet.com/news/elon-musk-and-grimes-saved-a-surprise-for-son-x-ae-a-12s-birth-certificate/">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+and+Grimes+saved+a+surprise+for+son+X+%C3%86+A-12%27s+birth+certificate&rft.date=2020-06-16&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Gael+Fashingbauer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Felon-musk-and-grimes-saved-a-surprise-for-son-x-ae-a-12s-birth-certificate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-410"><a href="#cite_ref-410">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-may-7-2020-1.5559171/elon-musk-and-grimes-newborn-name-x-%C3%A6-a-12-fails-at-the-basic-job-of-being-a-name-says-author-1.5559761">"Elon Musk and Grimes' newborn name X Æ A-12 'fails at the basic job of being a name,' says author"</a>. CBC Radio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240812165748/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-may-7-2020-1.5559171/elon-musk-and-grimes-newborn-name-x-%C3%A6-a-12-fails-at-the-basic-job-of-being-a-name-says-author-1.5559761">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+and+Grimes%27+newborn+name+X+%C3%86+A-12+%27fails+at+the+basic+job+of+being+a+name%2C%27+says+author&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fradio%2Fthecurrent%2Fthe-current-for-may-7-2020-1.5559171%2Felon-musk-and-grimes-newborn-name-x-%25C3%25A6-a-12-fails-at-the-basic-job-of-being-a-name-says-author-1.5559761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GrimesVanityFair2022-411"><a href="#cite_ref-GrimesVanityFair2022_411-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Gordon, Devin (March 10, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2022/03/grimes-cover-story-on-music-and-mars">""Infamy Is Kind Of Fun": Grimes on Music, Mars, and—Surprise!—Her Secret New Baby With Elon Musk"</a>. Vanity Fair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521235459/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2022/03/grimes-cover-story-on-music-and-mars">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2022. Retrieved March 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=%22Infamy+Is+Kind+Of+Fun%22%3A+Grimes+on+Music%2C+Mars%2C+and%E2%80%94Surprise%21%E2%80%94Her+Secret+New+Baby+With+Elon+Musk&rft.date=2022-03-10&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Devin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fstyle%2F2022%2F03%2Fgrimes-cover-story-on-music-and-mars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-412"><a href="#cite_ref-412">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvie2021" class="citation news cs1">Ivie, Devon (September 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2021/09/elon-musk-and-grimes-break-up-after-3-years-together.html">"Elon Musk and Grimes Took the Red Pill and Broke Up"</a>. Vulture. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924171854/https://www.vulture.com/2021/09/elon-musk-and-grimes-break-up-after-3-years-together.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vulture&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+and+Grimes+Took+the+Red+Pill+and+Broke+Up&rft.date=2021-09-24&rft.aulast=Ivie&rft.aufirst=Devon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2021%2F09%2Felon-musk-and-grimes-break-up-after-3-years-together.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-413"><a href="#cite_ref-413">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58684724">"Elon Musk says he and partner Grimes are semi-separated"</a>. BBC News. September 24, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928064543/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58684724">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+says+he+and+partner+Grimes+are+semi-separated&rft.date=2021-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-58684724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-414"><a href="#cite_ref-414">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/grimes-says-elon-musk-evaded-being-served-with-child-custody-papers-at-least-12-times_n_654f920ce4b0c9f24660475c">"Grimes Says Elon Musk Evaded Being Served With Child Custody Papers At Least 12 Times"</a>. HuffPost. November 11, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240217191409/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/grimes-says-elon-musk-evaded-being-served-with-child-custody-papers-at-least-12-times_n_654f920ce4b0c9f24660475c">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2024. Retrieved April 21, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Grimes+Says+Elon+Musk+Evaded+Being+Served+With+Child+Custody+Papers+At+Least+12+Times&rft.date=2023-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fgrimes-says-elon-musk-evaded-being-served-with-child-custody-papers-at-least-12-times_n_654f920ce4b0c9f24660475c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-415"><a href="#cite_ref-415">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://futurism.com/the-byte/elon-musk-grimes-tweets-custody">"Elon Musk Drags Grimes' Tweets Into Increasingly Nasty Custody Battle"</a>. Futurism. December 7, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216111458/https://futurism.com/the-byte/elon-musk-grimes-tweets-custody">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elon+Musk+Drags+Grimes%27+Tweets+Into+Increasingly+Nasty+Custody+Battle&rft.pub=Futurism&rft.date=2023-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffuturism.com%2Fthe-byte%2Felon-musk-grimes-tweets-custody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-416"><a href="#cite_ref-416">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/feature/elon-musk-sued-by-ex-girlfriend-grimes-over-parental-rights-report-4447991">"Musk Sued By Ex-Girlfriend Grimes Over Parental Rights: Report"</a>. NDTV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240311001659/https://www.ndtv.com/feature/elon-musk-sued-by-ex-girlfriend-grimes-over-parental-rights-report-4447991">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2024. Retrieved April 21, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Musk+Sued+By+Ex-Girlfriend+Grimes+Over+Parental+Rights%3A+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Ffeature%2Felon-musk-sued-by-ex-girlfriend-grimes-over-parental-rights-report-4447991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-417"><a href="#cite_ref-417">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnkel2022" class="citation news cs1">Ankel, Sophia (August 27, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-neuralink-exec-twins-via-ivf-no-romance-report-2022-8">"Elon Musk and Neuralink exec had twins via IVF, no romance: report"</a>. Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240709140834/https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-neuralink-exec-twins-via-ivf-no-romance-report-2022-8">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+and+Neuralink+exec+had+twins+via+IVF%2C+no+romance%3A+report&rft.date=2022-08-27&rft.aulast=Ankel&rft.aufirst=Sophia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Felon-musk-neuralink-exec-twins-via-ivf-no-romance-report-2022-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTTAU-418"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTTAU_418-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzalai2023" class="citation news cs1">Szalai, Jennifer (September 9, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/09/books/review/elon-musk-walter-isaacson.html">"Elon Musk Wants to Save Humanity. The Only Problem: People"</a>. 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Retrieved December 19, 2024. <q>Now, during the transition, Musk has emerged somewhere between unofficial co-president and "first buddy", as he put it in an X posting — bounding in and out of meetings, sitting in on phone calls, weighing résumés and generally becoming as ubiquitous at Mar-a-Lago as the club's gilded inlay.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%2C+the+richest+man+in+the+world%2C+becomes+Donald+Trump%27s+%27first+buddy%27&rft.date=2024-11-13&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft.au=Dawsey%2C+Josh&rft.au=Scherer%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2024%2F11%2F13%2Felon-musk-trump-presidential-transition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-439"><a href="#cite_ref-439">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzger2024" class="citation news cs1">Metzger, Bryan (December 19, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-team-says-elon-musk-is-not-actually-in-charge-2024-12">"Trump team makes clear Elon Musk isn't the leader of the GOP"</a>. 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Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+Joins+The+Short+List+Of+%27South+Park%27+Guest+Stars+To+Voice+Themselves&rft.date=2016-11-18&rft.aulast=Kurp&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Felon-musk-joins-short-list-165033463.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-465"><a href="#cite_ref-465">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/news/the-young-sheldon-episode-you-likely-forgot-starred-elon-musk/ar-AAVLglE">"The Young Sheldon Episode You Likely Forgot Starred Elon Musk"</a>. MSN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220525052031/https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/news/the-young-sheldon-episode-you-likely-forgot-starred-elon-musk/ar-AAVLglE">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Young+Sheldon+Episode+You+Likely+Forgot+Starred+Elon+Musk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fthe-young-sheldon-episode-you-likely-forgot-starred-elon-musk%2Far-AAVLglE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-466"><a href="#cite_ref-466">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchedeen2019" class="citation news cs1">Schedeen, Jesse (November 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131050424/https://www.ign.com/articles/2019/11/25/elon-musk-rick-and-morty-cameo-elon-tusk">"Elon Musk's Rick and Morty Cameo Finally Explains His 'Elon Tusk' Twitter Joke"</a>. IGN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2019/11/25/elon-musk-rick-and-morty-cameo-elon-tusk">the original</a> on January 31, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%27s+Rick+and+Morty+Cameo+Finally+Explains+His+%27Elon+Tusk%27+Twitter+Joke&rft.date=2019-11-25&rft.aulast=Schedeen&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2019%2F11%2F25%2Felon-musk-rick-and-morty-cameo-elon-tusk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-467"><a href="#cite_ref-467">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2019" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Gael Fashingbauer (November 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200821033512/https://www.cnet.com/news/elon-musk-shows-up-on-rick-and-morty-as-elon-tusk-head-of-tuskla/">"Elon Musk shows up on Rick and Morty as Elon Tusk, head of Tuskla"</a>. CNET. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/elon-musk-shows-up-on-rick-and-morty-as-elon-tusk-head-of-tuskla/">the original</a> on August 21, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+shows+up+on+Rick+and+Morty+as+Elon+Tusk%2C+head+of+Tuskla&rft.date=2019-11-25&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Gael+Fashingbauer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Felon-musk-shows-up-on-rick-and-morty-as-elon-tusk-head-of-tuskla%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-468"><a href="#cite_ref-468">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFField2015" class="citation news cs1">Field, Kyle (December 2, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200824201304/https://cleantechnica.com/2015/12/02/tesla-stars-racing-extinction-documentary/">"Tesla Stars In 'Racing Extinction' Documentary"</a>. CleanTechnica. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cleantechnica.com/2015/12/02/tesla-stars-racing-extinction-documentary/">the original</a> on August 24, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CleanTechnica&rft.atitle=Tesla+Stars+In+%27Racing+Extinction%27+Documentary&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcleantechnica.com%2F2015%2F12%2F02%2Ftesla-stars-racing-extinction-documentary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-469"><a href="#cite_ref-469">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadan2016" class="citation news cs1">Ladan, Tanja M. (August 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204205058/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/nz4p58/werner-herzog-lo-and-behold-documentary">"Werner Herzog Hacks the Horrors of Connectivity in 'Lo and Behold'"</a>. Vice. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/nz4p58/werner-herzog-lo-and-behold-documentary">the original</a> on February 4, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=Werner+Herzog+Hacks+the+Horrors+of+Connectivity+in+%27Lo+and+Behold%27&rft.date=2016-08-24&rft.aulast=Ladan&rft.aufirst=Tanja+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2Fnz4p58%2Fwerner-herzog-lo-and-behold-documentary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Belfiore" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Belfiore" title="Michael Belfiore">Belfiore, Michael</a> (2007). Rocketeers. New York: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-114902-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-114902-3"><bdi>978-0-06-114902-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rocketeers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-06-114902-3&rft.aulast=Belfiore&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Berger_(journalist)" title="Eric Berger (journalist)">Berger, Eric</a> (2021). Liftoff. William Morrow and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-297997-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-297997-1"><bdi>978-0-06-297997-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liftoff&rft.pub=William+Morrow+and+Company&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-06-297997-1&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Isaacson" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Isaacson, Walter</a> (2023). <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_(Isaacson_book)" title="Elon Musk (Isaacson book)">Elon Musk</a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-8128-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-8128-4"><bdi>978-1-9821-8128-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1395888338">1395888338</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elon+Musk&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1395888338&rft.isbn=978-1-9821-8128-4&rft.aulast=Isaacson&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Jackson" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_M._Jackson" title="Eric M. Jackson">Jackson, Eric M.</a> (2004). <a href="/wiki/The_PayPal_Wars" title="The PayPal Wars">The PayPal Wars: Battles with eBay, the Media, the Mafia, and the Rest of Planet Earth</a>. Los Angeles, California: World Ahead Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9746701-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9746701-0-2"><bdi>978-0-9746701-0-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+PayPal+Wars%3A+Battles+with+eBay%2C+the+Media%2C+the+Mafia%2C+and+the+Rest+of+Planet+Earth&rft.place=Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.pub=World+Ahead+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-9746701-0-2&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Eric+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Kidder" class="citation book cs1">Kidder, David; <a href="/wiki/Reid_Hoffman" title="Reid Hoffman">Hoffman, Reid</a> (2013). The Startup Playbook: Secrets of the Fastest Growing Start-Ups from the founding Entrepreneurs. San Francisco, California: Chronicle Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4521-0504-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4521-0504-8"><bdi>978-1-4521-0504-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Startup+Playbook%3A+Secrets+of+the+Fastest+Growing+Start-Ups+from+the+founding+Entrepreneurs&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+California&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4521-0504-8&rft.aulast=Kidder&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+Reid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Vance" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ashlee_Vance" title="Ashlee Vance">Vance, Ashlee</a> (2017) [2015]. <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk:_Tesla,_SpaceX,_and_the_Quest_for_a_Fantastic_Future" title="Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future">Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future</a> (2nd ed.). New York: Ecco. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-230125-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-230125-3"><bdi>978-0-06-230125-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elon+Musk%3A+Tesla%2C+SpaceX%2C+and+the+Quest+for+a+Fantastic+Future&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Ecco&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-06-230125-3&rft.aulast=Vance&rft.aufirst=Ashlee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCongerMac2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kate_Conger" title="Kate Conger">Conger, Kate</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Mac" title="Ryan Mac">Mac, Ryan</a> (2024). <a href="/wiki/Character_Limit:_How_Elon_Musk_Destroyed_Twitter" title="Character Limit: How Elon Musk Destroyed Twitter">Character Limit: How Elon Musk Destroyed Twitter</a> (1st hardcover ed.). New York: Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0593656136" title="Special:BookSources/978-0593656136"><bdi>978-0593656136</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1432234243">1432234243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Character+Limit%3A+How+Elon+Musk+Destroyed+Twitter&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st+hardcover&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1432234243&rft.isbn=978-0593656136&rft.aulast=Conger&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.au=Mac%2C+Ryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrow2023" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronan_Farrow" title="Ronan Farrow">Farrow, Ronan</a> (August 28, 2023) [August 21, 2023 (online)]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/08/28/elon-musks-shadow-rule">"Elon Musk's Shadow Rule"</a>. A Reporter at Large (story series). <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. Retrieved August 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%27s+Shadow+Rule&rft.date=2023-08-28&rft.aulast=Farrow&rft.aufirst=Ronan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2023%2F08%2F28%2Felon-musks-shadow-rule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElon+Musk" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Tarnoff, Ben, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/01/18/ultra-hardcore-elon-musk-walter-isaacson/">"Ultra Hardcore"</a> (subscription required) (review of <a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Walter Isaacson</a>, Elon Musk, Simon and Schuster, 2023, 670 pp.), <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>, vol. LXXI, no. 1 (January 18, 2024), pp. 6, 8, 10. "There is an anti-modern impulse to Musk, a craving for lordship that can't be entirely satisfied within the confines of a capitalist economy. A king doesn't have advertisers or shareholders or customers, and Musk, if he continues on his current trajectory, may very well be abandoned by all three. <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> says a good ending should be surprising but inevitable. It's possible to imagine multiple finales for Musk that meet these criteria, but the story always begins the same way. Once upon a time in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, there was a boy who wanted to be a man." (p. 10.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Elon Musk at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Elon_Musk" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Elon Musk">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Elon_Musk" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Elon Musk">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" class="extiw" title="q:Elon Musk">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Elon_Reeve_Musk" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Elon Reeve Musk">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317521" class="extiw" title="d:Q317521">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1020671">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elon_Musk182" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elon_Musk" title="Template:Elon Musk"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elon_Musk" title="Template talk:Elon Musk"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elon_Musk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elon Musk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elon_Musk182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elon Musk</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Elon_Musk" title="List of awards and honors received by Elon Musk">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Elon_Musk" title="Business career of Elon Musk">Business career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_filmography" title="Elon Musk filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Elon_Musk" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal and business legal affairs of Elon Musk">Legal affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Elon_Musk" title="International relations of Elon Musk">International relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_activities_of_Elon_Musk" title="Political activities of Elon Musk">Political activities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Elon_Musk" title="Public image of Elon Musk">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">Views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Elon_Musk" title="Wealth of Elon Musk">Wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Elon_Musk_2015.jpg/80px-Elon_Musk_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Elon_Musk_2015.jpg/120px-Elon_Musk_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Elon_Musk_2015.jpg/160px-Elon_Musk_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1011" data-file-height="1484" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zip2" title="Zip2">Zip2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.com_(bank)" title="X.com (bank)">X.com</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> (<a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Energy" title="Tesla Energy">Tesla Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Tesla,_Inc." title="Criticism of Tesla, Inc.">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSLAQ" title="TSLAQ">TSLAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Tesla,_Inc." title="List of lawsuits involving Tesla, Inc.">lawsuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_and_unions" title="Tesla and unions">Unions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuralink" title="Neuralink">Neuralink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Boring_Company" title="The Boring Company">The Boring Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boring_test_tunnel" title="Boring test tunnel">Boring test tunnel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolarCity" title="SolarCity">SolarCity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thud_(media_company)" title="Thud (media company)">Thud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Corp." title="X Corp.">X Corp.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twitter,_Inc." title="Twitter, Inc.">Twitter, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Twitter under Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">Acquisition of Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_Files" title="Twitter Files">Twitter Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2022_Twitter_suspensions" title="December 2022 Twitter suspensions">December 2022 suspensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Twitter_in_Brazil" title="Blocking of Twitter in Brazil">Block in Brazil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAI_(company)" title="XAI (company)">xAI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency" title="Department of Government Efficiency">Department of Government Efficiency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_PAC" title="America PAC">America PAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_in_the_Road_(Office_of_Personnel_Management_memo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fork in the Road (Office of Personnel Management memo)">"Fork in the Road" memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_salute_controversy" title="Elon Musk salute controversy">Salute controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBG_PAC" title="RBG PAC">RBG PAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_and_unions" title="Elon Musk and unions">Views on trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk:_Tesla,_SpaceX,_and_the_Quest_for_a_Fantastic_Future" title="Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future">Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future</a> (2015)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Musk_Who_Fell_to_Earth" title="The Musk Who Fell to Earth">The Musk Who Fell to Earth</a>" (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Space_Barons" title="The Space Barons">The Space Barons</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludicrous:_The_Unvarnished_Story_of_Tesla_Motors" title="Ludicrous: The Unvarnished Story of Tesla Motors">Ludicrous: The Unvarnished Story of Tesla Motors</a> (2019)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Crew_over_the_Crewcoo%27s_Morty" title="One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty">One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty</a>" (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Play:_Tesla,_Elon_Musk,_and_the_Bet_of_the_Century" title="Power Play: Tesla, Elon Musk, and the Bet of the Century">Power Play: Tesla, Elon Musk, and the Bet of the Century</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Space" title="Return to Space">Return to Space</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Crash_Course" title="Elon Musk's Crash Course">Elon Musk's Crash Course</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_(Isaacson_book)" title="Elon Musk (Isaacson book)">Elon Musk</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musk_(film)" title="Musk (film)">Musk</a> (TBA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musk_family" title="Musk family">Musk family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maye_Musk" title="Maye Musk">Maye Musk (mother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimbal_Musk" title="Kimbal Musk">Kimbal Musk (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosca_Musk" title="Tosca Musk">Tosca Musk (sister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_N._Haldeman" title="Joshua N. Haldeman">Joshua N. Haldeman (grandfather)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Rive" title="Lyndon Rive">Lyndon Rive (cousin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Musk" title="Justine Musk">Justine Musk (first wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talulah_Riley" title="Talulah Riley">Talulah Riley (second wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimes" title="Grimes">Grimes (partner)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivon_Zilis" title="Shivon Zilis">Shivon Zilis (partner)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Nova_School" title="Astra Nova School">Astra Nova School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billionaire_space_race" title="Billionaire space race">Billionaire space race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Tesla_Roadster" title="Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster">Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ElonJet" title="ElonJet">ElonJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snailbrook,_Texas" title="Snailbrook, Texas">Snailbrook, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Institute_of_Technology_and_Science" title="Texas Institute of Technology and Science">Texas Institute of Technology and Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Elon_Musk" title="Category:Elon Musk">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="SpaceX688" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SpaceX" title="Template:SpaceX"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SpaceX" title="Template talk:SpaceX"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SpaceX" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SpaceX"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="SpaceX688" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_SpaceX" title="History of SpaceX">History</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_launch_vehicles" title="SpaceX launch vehicles">Launch vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Block_5" title="Falcon 9 Block 5">Block 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Falcon_9_first-stage_boosters" title="List of Falcon 9 first-stage boosters">boosters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Super_Heavy" title="SpaceX Super Heavy">Super Heavy booster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship_(spacecraft)" title="SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)">upper stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">lunar lander</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_1" title="Falcon 1">Falcon 1</a></li> <li>Falcon 9 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_v1.0" title="Falcon 9 v1.0">v1.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_v1.1" title="Falcon 9 v1.1">v1.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Full_Thrust" title="Falcon 9 Full Thrust">"Full Thrust" v1.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Full_Thrust#Block_4" title="Falcon 9 Full Thrust">Block 4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_1e" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon 1e">Falcon 1e</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon 5">Falcon 5</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon 9 Air">Falcon 9 Air</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_launch_vehicles#BFR_and_ITS" title="SpaceX launch vehicles">BFR and ITS</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/SpaceX-Logo-Xonly.svg/100px-SpaceX-Logo-Xonly.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/SpaceX-Logo-Xonly.svg/150px-SpaceX-Logo-Xonly.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/SpaceX-Logo-Xonly.svg/200px-SpaceX-Logo-Xonly.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="41" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cargo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_1" title="SpaceX Dragon 1">Dragon 1 Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">Dragon 2 Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX Dragon XL">Dragon XL</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">Dragon 2 Crew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Endeavour" title="Crew Dragon Endeavour">C206 Endeavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Resilience" title="Crew Dragon Resilience">C207 Resilience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Endurance" title="Crew Dragon Endurance">C210 Endurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Freedom" title="Crew Dragon Freedom">C212 Freedom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Test vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Starship prototypes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Super_Heavy_boosters" title="List of Super Heavy boosters">first stage booster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Starship_vehicles" title="List of Starship vehicles">upper stage</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Grasshopper" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX Grasshopper">Grasshopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F9R_Dev1" class="mw-redirect" title="F9R Dev1">F9R Dev1</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_2_DragonFly" title="Dragon 2 DragonFly">DragonFly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starhopper" class="mw-redirect" title="Starhopper">Starhopper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unflown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F9R_Dev2" class="mw-redirect" title="F9R Dev2">F9R Dev2</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_rocket_engines" title="SpaceX rocket engines">Rocket engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Merlin" title="SpaceX Merlin">Merlin</a> <ul><li>1A</li> <li>1B*</li> <li>1C</li> <li>1D</li> <li>Vacuum</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Kestrel" title="SpaceX Kestrel">Kestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Draco" title="SpaceX Draco">Draco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperDraco" title="SuperDraco">SuperDraco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Raptor" title="SpaceX Raptor">Raptor</a> <ul><li>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Raptor#Raptor_2" title="SpaceX Raptor">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Raptor#Raptor_3" title="SpaceX Raptor">3</a></li> <li>Vacuum</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:SpaceX_missions_and_payloads" title="Template:SpaceX missions and payloads">Lists of missions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_1#Launch_history" title="Falcon 1">Falcon 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches" title="List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches">Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2010%E2%80%932019)" title="List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2010–2019)">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2020%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2020–2021)">2020–2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarm_Technologies#Satellite_constellation" title="Swarm Technologies">SpaceBEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Starlink_and_Starshield_launches" title="List of Starlink and Starshield launches">launches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Starlink in the Russo-Ukrainian War">in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Starship_launches" title="List of Starship launches">Starship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_launch_facilities" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX launch facilities">Launch facilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orbital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">CCSFS</a> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Launch_Complex_40" title="Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40">SLC-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">KSC</a> <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39A" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A">LC-39A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">VSFB</a> <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_4#SLC-4E" title="Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 4">SLC-4E</a></li> <li>VSFB <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_6" title="Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 6">SLC-6</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_Test_Site" title="Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site">Omelek Island</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Atmospheric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_launch_facilities#SpaceX_rocket_development_and_test_facility,_McGregor,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX launch facilities">McGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_launch_facilities#SpaceX_high-altitude_test_facility,_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX launch facilities">New Mexico</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starbase" title="SpaceX Starbase">Starbase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boca_Chica_Village,_Texas" title="Boca Chica Village, Texas">Boca Chica</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landing sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_spaceport_drone_ship" title="Autonomous spaceport drone ship">Autonomous spaceport drone ships</a></li> <li>Landing Zones <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Zones_1_and_2" title="Landing Zones 1 and 2">LZ-1 and LZ-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base_Space_Launch_Complex_4#LZ-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base Space Launch Complex 4">LZ-4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX#Headquarters,_mission_control,_manufacturing,_and_refurbishment_facilities" title="SpaceX">Headquarters and factory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorne,_California" title="Hawthorne, California">Hawthorne, California</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_launch_facilities#SpaceX_Rocket_Development_and_Test_Facility,_McGregor,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX launch facilities">Rocket development and test facility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McGregor,_Texas" title="McGregor, Texas">McGregor, Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_satellite_development_facility" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX satellite development facility">Satellite development facility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redmond,_Washington" title="Redmond, Washington">Redmond, Washington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX#Regional_offices" title="SpaceX">Regional offices</a> <ul><li>Chantilly, Houston, Seattle, Washington DC</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STARGATE" title="STARGATE">STARGATE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megan_(ship)" title="Megan (ship)">Megan</a> (recovery ship)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_(ship)" title="Shannon (ship)">Shannon</a> (recovery ship)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_fairing_recovery_program" title="SpaceX fairing recovery program">SpaceX fairing recovery program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contracts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Resupply_Services" title="Commercial Resupply Services">Commercial Resupply Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Logistics_Services" title="Gateway Logistics Services">Gateway Logistics Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Human Landing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_program" title="Polaris program">Polaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Cargo" title="Rocket Cargo">Rocket Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starshield" title="SpaceX Starshield">Starshield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R&D programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_reusable_launch_system_development_program" title="SpaceX reusable launch system development program">Reusability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_first-stage_landing_tests" title="Falcon 9 first-stage landing tests">Falcon 9 landing tests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">Red Dragon</a> (canceled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Mars_program" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX Mars program">Mars transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elon Musk</a> (CEO, CTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwynne_Shotwell" title="Gwynne Shotwell">Gwynne Shotwell</a> (President and COO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mueller" title="Tom Mueller">Tom Mueller</a> (former VP of Propulsion Development)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_Federation,_LLC_v._United_States" title="Blue Origin Federation, LLC v. United States">Blue Origin Federation, LLC v. United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_astronaut" title="Commercial astronaut">Commercial astronaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billionaire_space_race" title="Billionaire space race">Billionaire space race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countdown:_Inspiration4_Mission_to_Space" title="Countdown: Inspiration4 Mission to Space">Countdown: Inspiration4 Mission to Space</a> (2021 docuseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Space" title="Return to Space">Return to Space</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>* denotes unflown vehicles or engines, and future missions or sites. † denotes failed missions, destroyed vehicles, and abandoned sites. <div class="hlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:SpaceX" title="Category:SpaceX">Category</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tesla,_Inc.305" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tesla,_Inc." title="Template:Tesla, Inc."><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tesla,_Inc." title="Template talk:Tesla, Inc."><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tesla,_Inc." title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tesla, Inc."><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tesla,_Inc.305" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">Electric vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Cybertruck" title="Tesla Cybertruck">Cybertruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_3" title="Tesla Model 3">Model 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_S" title="Tesla Model S">Model S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_X" title="Tesla Model X">Model X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_Y" title="Tesla Model Y">Model Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Semi" title="Tesla Semi">Semi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Cybercab" title="Tesla Cybercab">Cybercab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Cyberquad" title="Tesla Cyberquad">Cyberquad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Roadster_(second_generation)" title="Tesla Roadster (second generation)">Roadster (2nd gen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Robovan" title="Tesla Robovan">Robovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_next-generation_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla next-generation vehicle">Tesla next-generation vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Roadster_(first_generation)" title="Tesla Roadster (first generation)">Roadster (1st gen.)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Cyberquad" title="Tesla Cyberquad">Cyberquad for Kids</a></li> <li>Mercedes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_A-Class_E-Cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes A-Class E-Cell">A-Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_B-Class_Electric_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive">B-Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_electric_drive#Second_generation" title="Smart electric drive">Smart Fortwo ED</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_RAV4_EV#Second_generation" title="Toyota RAV4 EV">Toyota RAV4 EV (2nd gen.)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Energy" title="Tesla Energy">Tesla Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Megacharger" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla Megacharger">Megacharger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Charging_System" title="North American Charging System">North American Charging System</a> (NACS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Supercharger" title="Tesla Supercharger">Supercharger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Megapack" title="Tesla Megapack">Megapack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Powerwall" title="Tesla Powerwall">Powerwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Powerpack" title="Tesla Powerpack">Powerpack</a> (discontinued)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Solar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_solar_panels" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla solar panels">Solar panels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Solar_Roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla Solar Roof">Solar Roof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">Robotics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optimus_(robot)" title="Optimus (robot)">Optimus (robot)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">Supercomputers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Dojo" title="Tesla Dojo">Tesla Dojo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system" title="Advanced driver-assistance system">ADAS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Autopilot" title="Tesla Autopilot">Tesla Autopilot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tesla_Autopilot_hardware" title="Tesla Autopilot hardware">Tesla Autopilot hardware</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tesla_factories" title="List of Tesla factories">Factories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Fremont_Factory" title="Tesla Fremont Factory">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Mexico" title="Gigafactory Mexico">Mexico</a> (future)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Nevada" title="Gigafactory Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_New_York" title="Gigafactory New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Shanghai" title="Gigafactory Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Texas" title="Gigafactory Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_facilities_in_Tilburg" title="Tesla facilities in Tilburg">Tilburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elon Musk</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robyn_Denholm" title="Robyn Denholm">Robyn Denholm</a> (Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaibhav_Taneja" title="Vaibhav Taneja">Vaibhav Taneja</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Zhu" title="Tom Zhu">Tom Zhu</a> (SVP of automotive)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Holzhausen" title="Franz von Holzhausen">Franz von Holzhausen</a> (Chief Designer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Gebbia" title="Joe Gebbia">Joe Gebbia</a> (board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Murdoch" title="James Murdoch">James Murdoch</a> (board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimbal_Musk" title="Kimbal Musk">Kimbal Musk</a> (board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Straubel" title="J. B. Straubel">J. B. Straubel</a> (board, co-founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Wilson-Thompson" title="Kathleen Wilson-Thompson">Kathleen Wilson-Thompson</a> (board)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Ahuja" title="Deepak Ahuja">Deepak Ahuja</a> (two-time CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Baglino" title="Drew Baglino">Drew Baglino</a> (SVP of engineering)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Drori" title="Ze'ev Drori">Ze'ev Drori</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Eberhard" title="Martin Eberhard">Martin Eberhard</a> (co-founder, CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a> (board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jurvetson" title="Steve Jurvetson">Steve Jurvetson</a> (board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Karpathy" title="Andrej Karpathy">Andrej Karpathy</a> (AI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zach_Kirkhorn" title="Zach Kirkhorn">Zach Kirkhorn</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnnon_Geshuri" title="Arnnon Geshuri">Arnnon Geshuri</a> (HR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Guillen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerome Guillen">Jérôme Guillen</a> (automotive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Keller_(engineer)" title="Jim Keller (engineer)">Jim Keller</a> (Autopilot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Lattner" title="Chris Lattner">Chris Lattner</a> (Autopilot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiromichi_Mizuno" title="Hiromichi Mizuno">Hiromichi Mizuno</a> (board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Tarpenning" title="Marc Tarpenning">Marc Tarpenning</a> (co-founder, CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Vijayan" title="Jay Vijayan">Jay Vijayan</a> (CIO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Tesla,_Inc." title="Criticism of Tesla, Inc.">Criticism of Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_US_dealership_disputes" title="Tesla US dealership disputes">Dealership disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Tesla,_Inc." title="List of lawsuits involving Tesla, Inc.">Lawsuits (list)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Diaz_v._Tesla" title="Owen Diaz v. Tesla">Owen Diaz v. Tesla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tesla_Autopilot_crashes" title="List of Tesla Autopilot crashes">List of Tesla Autopilot crashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSLAQ" title="TSLAQ">TSLAQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tesla,_Inc." title="History of Tesla, Inc.">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepScale" title="DeepScale">DeepScale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_eggs_in_Tesla_products" title="List of Easter eggs in Tesla products">Easter eggs in products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giga_Press" title="Giga Press">Giga Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibar_Systems" title="Hibar Systems">Hibar Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornsdale_Power_Reserve" title="Hornsdale Power Reserve">Hornsdale Power Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Technologies" title="Maxwell Technologies">Maxwell Technologies</a> (divested)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolarCity" title="SolarCity">SolarCity</a> (merged into Tesla Energy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Automation" title="Tesla Automation">Tesla Automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_battery_station" title="Tesla battery station">Tesla battery station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Network" title="Tesla Network">Tesla Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Tesla_Roadster" title="Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster">Tesla Roadster in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_and_unions" title="Tesla and unions">Tesla and unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zep_Solar" title="Zep Solar">Zep Solar</a> (merged into Tesla Energy)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tesla,_Inc." title="Category:Tesla, Inc.">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Twitter127" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Twitter_navbox" title="Template:Twitter navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Twitter_navbox" title="Template talk:Twitter navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Twitter_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Twitter navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Twitter127" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twitter,_Inc." title="Twitter, Inc.">Twitter, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Corp." title="X Corp.">X Corp.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Twitter under Elon Musk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dorsey" title="Jack Dorsey">Jack Dorsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Glass" title="Noah Glass">Noah Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biz_Stone" title="Biz Stone">Biz Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Williams_(Internet_entrepreneur)" title="Evan Williams (Internet entrepreneur)">Evan Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Costolo" title="Dick Costolo">Dick Costolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parag_Agrawal" title="Parag Agrawal">Parag Agrawal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Yaccarino" title="Linda Yaccarino">Linda Yaccarino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluesky" title="Bluesky">Bluesky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Notes" title="Community Notes">Community Notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favstar" title="Favstar">Favstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Twitter_features" title="List of Twitter features">Features</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_verification" title="Twitter verification">Verification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlockDB" title="FlockDB">FlockDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnip" title="Gnip">Gnip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seesmic" title="Seesmic">Seesmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Twitter_services_and_applications" title="List of Twitter services and applications">Services and applications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hootsuite" title="Hootsuite">Hootsuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweetbot" title="Tweetbot">Tweetbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TweetDeck" title="TweetDeck">TweetDeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitterrific" title="Twitterrific">Twitterrific</a></li></ul></li> <li>Statistics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Twitter_accounts" title="List of most-followed Twitter accounts">Most-followed accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-retweeted_tweets" title="List of most-retweeted tweets">Most-retweeted tweets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-liked_tweets" title="List of most-liked tweets">Most-liked tweets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tween_(software)" title="Tween (software)">Tween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweetie" title="Tweetie">Tweetie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twimight" title="Twimight">Twimight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TwitPic" title="TwitPic">TwitPic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Twitter" title="Black Twitter">Black Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dril" title="Dril">dril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Twitter" title="Criticism of Twitter">Criticism of</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogtwitter" title="Frogtwitter">Frogtwitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkshake_Duck" title="Milkshake Duck">Milkshake Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Square_(San_Francisco)" title="Market Square (San Francisco)">Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Twitter" title="Stan Twitter">Stan Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_trends" class="mw-redirect" title="Twitter trends">Trends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitterature" title="Twitterature">Twitterature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_bomb" title="Twitter bomb">Twitter bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_bot" title="Twitter bot">Twitter bot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_diplomacy" title="Twitter diplomacy">Twitter diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Twitter" title="History of Twitter">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Twitter_account_hijacking" title="2020 Twitter account hijacking">2020 account hijacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">Acquisition by Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Twitter" title="Censorship of Twitter">Censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Twitter_in_Brazil" title="Blocking of Twitter in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Twitter_in_Nigeria" title="Blocking of Twitter in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Twitter" title="Republik Twitter">Republik Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Twitter" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Twitter">Mergers and acquisitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BackType" title="BackType">BackType</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluefin_Labs" title="Bluefin Labs">Bluefin Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasient" title="Dasient">Dasient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnip" title="Gnip">Gnip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitro" title="Mitro">Mitro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namo_Media" title="Namo Media">Namo Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterous" title="Posterous">Posterous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summify" title="Summify">Summify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trendrr" title="Trendrr">Trendrr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TweetDeck" title="TweetDeck">TweetDeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweetie" title="Tweetie">Tweetie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine_(service)" title="Vine (service)">Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisper_Systems" title="Whisper Systems">Whisper Systems</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periscope_(service)" title="Periscope (service)">Periscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_suspensions" title="Twitter suspensions">Suspensions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2022_Twitter_suspensions" title="December 2022 Twitter suspensions">December 2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topsy_Labs" title="Topsy Labs">Topsy Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_Files" title="Twitter Files">Twitter Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter,_Inc._v._Taamneh" title="Twitter, Inc. v. Taamneh">Twitter, Inc. v. Taamneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_usage" title="Twitter usage">Usage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Twitter_by_public_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of Twitter by public figures">public figures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks-related_Twitter_court_orders" title="WikiLeaks-related Twitter court orders">WikiLeaks-related court orders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Elon_Musk96" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Elon_Musk96" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Elon Musk</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="PayPal_Mafia84" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PayPal_Mafia" title="Template:PayPal Mafia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PayPal_Mafia" title="Template talk:PayPal Mafia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PayPal_Mafia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PayPal Mafia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="PayPal_Mafia84" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/PayPal_Mafia" title="PayPal Mafia">PayPal Mafia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Peter Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Hoffman" title="Reid Hoffman">Reid Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Levchin" title="Max Levchin">Max Levchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Howery" title="Ken Howery">Ken Howery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Nosek" title="Luke Nosek">Luke Nosek</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Chen" title="Steve Chen">Steve Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Rabois" title="Keith Rabois">Keith Rabois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Hurley" title="Chad Hurley">Chad Hurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roelof_Botha" title="Roelof Botha">Roelof Botha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawed_Karim" title="Jawed Karim">Jawed Karim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishan_Wong" title="Yishan Wong">Yishan Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_M._Jackson" title="Eric M. Jackson">Eric M. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_O._Sacks" title="David O. Sacks">David O. Sacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premal_Shah" title="Premal Shah">Premal Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russel_Simmons" title="Russel Simmons">Russel Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Stoppelman" title="Jeremy Stoppelman">Jeremy Stoppelman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies founded or co-founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelp" title="Yelp">Yelp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geni.com" title="Geni.com">Geni.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Yammer">Yammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palantir_Technologies" title="Palantir Technologies">Palantir Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva_(organization)" title="Kiva (organization)">Kiva.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affirm_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Affirm (company)">Affirm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friendster" title="Friendster">Friendster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerset_(company)" title="Powerset (company)">Powerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Apart" title="Six Apart">Six Apart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zynga" title="Zynga">Zynga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IronPort" class="mw-redirect" title="IronPort">IronPort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digg" title="Digg">Digg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grockit" title="Grockit">Grockit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ooma" title="Ooma">Ooma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantcast" title="Quantcast">Quantcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RapLeaf" title="RapLeaf">RapLeaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartDrive_Systems" title="SmartDrive Systems">SmartDrive Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wise_(company)" title="Wise (company)">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping.fm" title="Ping.fm">Ping.fm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanosolar" title="Nanosolar">Nanosolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knewton" title="Knewton">Knewton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongregate" title="Kongregate">Kongregate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last.fm" title="Last.fm">Last.fm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TokBox" title="TokBox">TokBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xoom_(web_hosting)" title="Xoom (web hosting)">Xoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joost" title="Joost">Joost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Funds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Fund" title="Founders Fund">Founders Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarium_Capital" title="Clarium Capital">Clarium Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greylock_Partners" title="Greylock Partners">Greylock Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoia_Capital" title="Sequoia Capital">Sequoia Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valar_Ventures" title="Valar Ventures">Valar Ventures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_PayPal_Wars" title="The PayPal Wars">The PayPal Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thank_You_for_Smoking_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thank You for Smoking (film)">Thank You for Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stanford_Review" title="The Stanford Review">The Stanford Review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2018159" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FRS_2018" title="Template:FRS 2018"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FRS_2018" title="Template talk:FRS 2018"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FRS_2018" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FRS 2018"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2018159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellows</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2018" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2018">in 2018</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fellows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Al-Khalili" title="Jim Al-Khalili">Jim Al-Khalili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polly_Arnold" title="Polly Arnold">Polly Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jillian_Banfield" title="Jillian Banfield">Jillian Banfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Brimble" title="Margaret Brimble">Margaret Brimble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Brockdorff" title="Neil Brockdorff">Neil Brockdorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Caruso_(chemical_engineer)" title="Frank Caruso (chemical engineer)">Frank Caruso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Cerundolo" title="Vincenzo Cerundolo">Vincenzo Cerundolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costello" title="Kevin Costello">Kevin Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Crabtree" title="Robert H. Crabtree">Robert Crabtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Dawid" title="Philip Dawid">Philip Dawid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Dayan" title="Peter Dayan">Peter Dayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dixon_(biologist)" title="Richard Dixon (biologist)">Richard Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Edgecombe" title="Gregory Edgecombe">Gregory Edgecombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenfei_Fan" title="Wenfei Fan">Wenfei Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_S._Goody" title="Roger S. Goody">Roger Goody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Grimes" title="Robin Grimes">Robin Grimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Hannon" title="Gregory Hannon">Gregory Hannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Hirst" title="Judy Hirst">Judy Hirst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Jameson" title="Graeme Jameson">Graeme Jameson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harren_Jhoti" title="Harren Jhoti">Harren Jhoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophien_Kamoun" title="Sophien Kamoun">Sophien Kamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_King_(neurophysiologist)" title="Andrew King (neurophysiologist)">Andrew King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Kullmann" title="Dimitri Kullmann">Dimitri Kullmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Kwiatkowski" title="Dominic Kwiatkowski">Dominic Kwiatkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Marais" title="Richard Marais">Richard Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathie_Martin" title="Cathie Martin">Cathie Martin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Hearn" title="Peter O'Hearn">Peter O'Hearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassilis_Pachnis" title="Vassilis Pachnis">Vassilis Pachnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Palmer" title="Tracy Palmer">Tracy Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Prentice" title="Colin Prentice">Colin Prentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalita_Ramakrishnan" title="Lalita Ramakrishnan">Lalita Ramakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reid" title="Nancy Reid">Nancy Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Richards" title="Graham Richards">Graham Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Richardson_(physicist)" title="David Richardson (physicist)">David Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Rowan_(physicist)" title="Sheila Rowan (physicist)">Sheila Rowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Scheffer" title="Ingrid Scheffer">Ingrid Scheffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Simmons" title="Michelle Simmons">Michelle Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smol" title="John Smol">John Smol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Softley" title="Timothy Softley">Timothy Softley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Speakman" title="John Speakman">John Speakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Stephens" title="Graeme Stephens">Graeme Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Strank" title="Angela Strank">Angela Strank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Swanton" title="Charles Swanton">Charles Swanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Visscher" title="Peter Visscher">Peter Visscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Wilkinson_(physicist)" title="Guy Wilkinson (physicist)">Guy Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geordie_Williamson" title="Geordie Williamson">Geordie Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Wise_(mathematician)" title="Daniel Wise (mathematician)">Daniel Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Zheludev" title="Nikolay Zheludev">Nikolay Zheludev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honorary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Willetts" title="David Willetts">David Willetts</a> (Baron Willetts of Havant)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn Bertozzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebsebe_Demissew" title="Sebsebe Demissew">Sebsebe Demissew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_M._Friedman" title="Jeffrey M. Friedman">Jeffrey Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabiola_Gianotti" title="Fabiola Gianotti">Fabiola Gianotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Hofmann" title="Albrecht Hofmann">Albrecht Hofmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_Lampson" title="Butler Lampson">Butler Lampson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullio_Pozzan" title="Tullio Pozzan">Tullio Pozzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Sauer" title="Joachim Sauer">Joachim Sauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shamir" title="Adi Shamir">Adi Shamir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence285" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence" title="Template:Existential risk from artificial intelligence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence" title="Template talk:Existential risk from artificial intelligence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Existential risk from artificial intelligence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence285" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence" title="Existential risk from artificial intelligence">Existential risk</a> from <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence" title="Artificial general intelligence">AGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AI_alignment" title="AI alignment">AI alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AI_capability_control" title="AI capability control">AI capability control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AI_safety" title="AI safety">AI safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover" title="AI takeover">AI takeover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consequentialism" title="Consequentialism">Consequentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_accelerationism" title="Effective accelerationism">Effective accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Ethics of artificial intelligence">Ethics of artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence" title="Existential risk from artificial intelligence">Existential risk from artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendly_artificial_intelligence" title="Friendly artificial intelligence">Friendly artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumental_convergence" title="Instrumental convergence">Instrumental convergence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_explosion" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence explosion">Intelligence explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longtermism" title="Longtermism">Longtermism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_ethics" title="Machine ethics">Machine ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_of_astronomical_suffering" title="Risk of astronomical suffering">Suffering risks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintelligence" title="Superintelligence">Superintelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_singularity" title="Technological singularity">Technological singularity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alignment_Research_Center" title="Alignment Research Center">Alignment Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_AI_Safety" title="Center for AI Safety">Center for AI Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Applied_Rationality" title="Center for Applied Rationality">Center for Applied Rationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Human-Compatible_Artificial_Intelligence" title="Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence">Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_Existential_Risk" title="Centre for the Study of Existential Risk">Centre for the Study of Existential Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EleutherAI" title="EleutherAI">EleutherAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Humanity_Institute" title="Future of Humanity Institute">Future of Humanity Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Life_Institute" title="Future of Life Institute">Future of Life Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_DeepMind" title="Google DeepMind">Google DeepMind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity%2B" title="Humanity+">Humanity+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Ethics_and_Emerging_Technologies" title="Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies">Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverhulme_Centre_for_the_Future_of_Intelligence" title="Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence">Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_Intelligence_Research_Institute" title="Machine Intelligence Research Institute">Machine Intelligence Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slate_Star_Codex" title="Slate Star Codex">Scott Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Altman" title="Sam Altman">Sam Altman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio" title="Yoshua Bengio">Yoshua Bengio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Bostrom" title="Nick Bostrom">Nick Bostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Christiano_(researcher)" title="Paul Christiano (researcher)">Paul Christiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Eric_Drexler" title="K. Eric Drexler">Eric Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Harris" title="Sam Harris">Sam Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Hendrycks" title="Dan Hendrycks">Dan Hendrycks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Joy" title="Bill Joy">Bill Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shane_Legg" title="Shane Legg">Shane Legg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Omohundro" title="Steve Omohundro">Steve Omohundro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huw_Price" title="Huw Price">Huw Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees">Martin Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_J._Russell" title="Stuart J. Russell">Stuart J. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaan_Tallinn" title="Jaan Tallinn">Jaan Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Tegmark" title="Max Tegmark">Max Tegmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Frank Wilczek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Yampolskiy" title="Roman Yampolskiy">Roman Yampolskiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Yudkowsky" title="Eliezer Yudkowsky">Eliezer Yudkowsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statement_on_AI_risk_of_extinction" title="Statement on AI risk of extinction">Statement on AI risk of extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Compatible" title="Human Compatible">Human Compatible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_letter_on_artificial_intelligence_(2015)" title="Open letter on artificial intelligence (2015)">Open letter on artificial intelligence (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Final_Invention" title="Our Final Invention">Our Final Invention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Precipice:_Existential_Risk_and_the_Future_of_Humanity" title="The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity">The Precipice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintelligence:_Paths,_Dangers,_Strategies" title="Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies">Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_You_Trust_This_Computer%3F" title="Do You Trust This Computer?">Do You Trust This Computer?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_Act" title="Artificial Intelligence Act">Artificial Intelligence Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" title="Category:Existential risk from artificial general intelligence">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transhumanism169" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transhumanism_footer" title="Template:Transhumanism footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transhumanism_footer" title="Template talk:Transhumanism footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transhumanism_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transhumanism footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transhumanism169" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transhuman" title="Transhuman">Transhuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism_in_fiction" title="Transhumanism in fiction">Transhumanism in fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antinaturalism_(politics)" title="Antinaturalism (politics)">Antinaturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_suffering" title="Eradication of suffering">Eradication of suffering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extropianism" title="Extropianism">Extropianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immortalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Immortalism">Immortalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpoliticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Postpoliticism">Postpoliticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singularitarianism" title="Singularitarianism">Singularitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technogaianism" title="Technogaianism">Technogaianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foresight_Institute" title="Foresight Institute">Foresight Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity%2B" title="Humanity+">Humanity+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Ethics_and_Emerging_Technologies" title="Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies">Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Humanity_Institute" title="Future of Humanity Institute">Future of Humanity Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LessWrong" title="LessWrong">LessWrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanist_Party" title="Transhumanist Party">US Transhumanist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Bostrom" title="Nick Bostrom">Nick Bostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Cordeiro" title="José Luis Cordeiro">José Luis Cordeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Eric_Drexler" title="K. Eric Drexler">K. Eric Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gobel" title="David Gobel">David Gobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Goertzel" title="Ben Goertzel">Ben Goertzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubrey_de_Grey" title="Aubrey de Grey">Aubrey de Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoltan_Istvan" title="Zoltan Istvan">Zoltan Istvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM-2030" title="FM-2030">FM-2030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Fyodorovich_Fyodorov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov">Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hanson" title="Robin Hanson">Robin Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Harari" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuval Harari">Yuval Harari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hughes_(sociologist)" title="James Hughes (sociologist)"> James Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley" title="Julian Huxley">Julian Huxley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Kurzweil" title="Ray Kurzweil">Ray Kurzweil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole_Martin_Moen" title="Ole Martin Moen">Ole Martin Moen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Moravec" title="Hans Moravec">Hans Moravec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_More" title="Max More">Max More</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(transhumanist)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Pearce (transhumanist)">David Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martine_Rothblatt" title="Martine Rothblatt">Martine Rothblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Sandberg" title="Anders Sandberg">Anders Sandberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Stolyarov_II" title="Gennady Stolyarov II">Gennady Stolyarov II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernor_Vinge" title="Vernor Vinge">Vernor Vinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natasha_Vita-More" title="Natasha Vita-More">Natasha Vita-More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Alan_Walker" title="Mark Alan Walker">Mark Alan Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Yudkowsky" title="Eliezer Yudkowsky">Eliezer Yudkowsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Transhumanism" title="Category:Transhumanism">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_Persons_of_the_Year103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_Persons_of_the_Year103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Time Persons of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Chrysler" title="Walter Chrysler">Walter Chrysler</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_D._Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_S._Johnson" title="Hugh S. Johnson">Hugh S. Johnson</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soong_Mei-ling" title="Soong Mei-ling">Soong Mei-ling</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">The American Fighting-Man</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammed Mosaddeq</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II </a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow_Curtice" title="Harlow Curtice">Harlow Curtice</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Freedom Fighters</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1959)</li> <li> U.S. Scientists: <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Charles Draper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Rabi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">The Generation Twenty-Five and Under</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1967)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">The Apollo 8 Astronauts</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(United_States)" title="Middle America (United States)">The Middle Americans</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sirica" title="John Sirica">John Sirica</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">King Faisal</a> (1974)</li> <li> American Women: <a href="/wiki/Susan_Brownmiller" title="Susan Brownmiller">Susan Brownmiller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Byerly" title="Kathleen Byerly">Kathleen Byerly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alison_Cheek" title="Alison Cheek">Alison Cheek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jill_Ker_Conway" title="Jill Ker Conway">Jill Conway</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carla_Anderson_Hills" title="Carla Anderson Hills">Carla Hills</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a> / <a href="/wiki/Susie_Sharp" title="Susie Sharp">Susie Sharp</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Sutton_(journalist)" title="Carol Sutton (journalist)">Carol Sutton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Addie_L._Wyatt" title="Addie L. Wyatt">Addie Wyatt</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">The Computer</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Peter Ueberroth</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">The Endangered Earth</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (1992)</li> <li> The Peacemakers: <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ho" title="David Ho">David Ho</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudolph Giuliani</a> (2001)</li> <li> The Whistleblowers: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Cooper_(accountant)" title="Cynthia Cooper (accountant)">Cynthia Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coleen_Rowley" title="Coleen Rowley">Coleen Rowley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sherron_Watkins" title="Sherron Watkins">Sherron Watkins</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">The American Soldier</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2004)</li> <li> The Good Samaritans: <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda Gates</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_(Time_Person_of_the_Year)" title="You (Time Person of the Year)">You</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">The Protester</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> (2013)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" title="Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic">Ebola Fighters</a>: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. <a href="/wiki/Kent_Brantly" title="Kent Brantly">Kent Brantly</a> / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / <a href="/wiki/Salome_Karwah" title="Salome Karwah">Salome Karwah</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">The Silence Breakers</a> (2017)</li> <li> The Guardians: <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wa_Lone" title="Wa Lone">Wa Lone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kyaw_Soe_Oo" title="Kyaw Soe Oo">Kyaw Soe Oo</a> / Staff of <a href="/wiki/Capital_Gazette_shooting" title="Capital Gazette shooting">The Capital</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (2020)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elon Musk</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Spirit of Ukraine</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_Fritz_Medal71" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Fritz_Medal" title="Template:John Fritz Medal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Fritz_Medal" title="Template talk:John Fritz Medal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Fritz_Medal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Fritz Medal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Fritz_Medal71" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_Fritz_Medal" title="John Fritz Medal">John Fritz Medal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1902–1924</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1902 : <a href="/wiki/John_Fritz" title="John Fritz">John Fritz</a></li> <li>1903 : No award</li> <li>1904 : No award</li> <li>1905 : <a href="/wiki/Lord_Kelvin" title="Lord Kelvin">Lord Kelvin</a></li> <li>1906 : <a href="/wiki/George_Westinghouse" title="George Westinghouse">George Westinghouse</a></li> <li>1907 : <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li>1908 : <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Alva Edison</a></li> <li>1909 : <a href="/wiki/Charles_Talbot_Porter" title="Charles Talbot Porter">Charles Talbot Porter</a></li> <li>1910 : <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Noble_(engineer)" title="Alfred Noble (engineer)">Alfred Noble</a></li> <li>1911 : Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_White" title="William Henry White">William Henry White</a></li> <li>1912 : <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woolston_Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Woolston Hunt">Robert Woolston Hunt</a></li> <li>1913 : No award</li> <li>1914 : <a href="/wiki/John_Edson_Sweet" title="John Edson Sweet">John Edson Sweet</a></li> <li>1915 : <a href="/wiki/James_Douglas_(businessman)" title="James Douglas (businessman)">James Douglas</a></li> <li>1916 : <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Thomson" title="Elihu Thomson">Elihu Thomson</a></li> <li>1917 : <a href="/wiki/Henry_Marion_Howe" title="Henry Marion Howe">Henry Marion Howe</a></li> <li>1918 : <a href="/wiki/J._Waldo_Smith" title="J. Waldo Smith">J. Waldo Smith</a></li> <li>1919 : Gen. <a href="/wiki/George_W._Goethals" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Goethals">George W. Goethals</a></li> <li>1920 : <a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Orville Wright</a></li> <li>1921 : Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hadfield" title="Robert Hadfield">Robert Hadfield</a></li> <li>1922 : <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Schneider_II" title="Eugène Schneider II">Charles P. E. Schneider</a></li> <li>1923 : <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li>1924 : <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Swasey" title="Ambrose Swasey">Ambrose Swasey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1925–1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1925 : <a href="/wiki/John_Frank_Stevens" title="John Frank Stevens">John Frank Stevens</a></li> <li>1926 : <a href="/wiki/Edward_Dean_Adams" title="Edward Dean Adams">Edward Dean Adams</a></li> <li>1927 : <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Ambrose_Sperry" title="Elmer Ambrose Sperry">Elmer Ambrose Sperry</a></li> <li>1928 : <a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Carty" class="mw-redirect" title="John Joseph Carty">John Joseph Carty</a></li> <li>1929 : <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Clark_Hoover" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Clark Hoover">Herbert Clark Hoover</a></li> <li>1930 : <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Modjeski" title="Ralph Modjeski">Ralph Modjeski</a></li> <li>1931 : <a href="/wiki/David_Watson_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="David Watson Taylor">David Watson Taylor</a></li> <li>1932 : <a href="/wiki/Mihajlo_Idvorski_Pupin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin">Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin</a></li> <li>1933 : <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cowan_Jackling" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Cowan Jackling">Daniel Cowan Jackling</a></li> <li>1934 : <a href="/wiki/John_Ripley_Freeman" title="John Ripley Freeman">John Ripley Freeman</a> (posthumous)</li> <li>1935 : <a href="/wiki/Frank_Julian_Sprague" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Julian Sprague">Frank Julian Sprague</a> (posthumous)</li> <li>1936 : <a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Durand" class="mw-redirect" title="William Frederick Durand">William Frederick Durand</a></li> <li>1937 : <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Newell_Talbot" title="Arthur Newell Talbot">Arthur Newell Talbot</a></li> <li>1938 : <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dyer_Merica" title="Paul Dyer Merica">Paul Dyer Merica</a></li> <li>1939 : <a href="/wiki/Frank_Baldwin_Jewett" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Baldwin Jewett">Frank Baldwin Jewett</a></li> <li>1940 : <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Floyd_Hirshfeld" title="Clarence Floyd Hirshfeld">Clarence Floyd Hirshfeld</a> (posthumous)</li> <li>1941 : <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Budd" title="Ralph Budd">Ralph Budd</a></li> <li>1942 : <a href="/wiki/Everette_Lee_DeGolyer" title="Everette Lee DeGolyer">Everette Lee DeGolyer</a></li> <li>1943 : <a href="/wiki/Willis_Rodney_Whitney" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis Rodney Whitney">Willis Rodney Whitney</a></li> <li>1944 : <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Kettering" title="Charles F. Kettering">Charles F. Kettering</a></li> <li>1945 : <a href="/wiki/John_L._Savage" title="John L. Savage">John Lucian Savage</a></li> <li>1946 : <a href="/wiki/Zay_Jeffries" title="Zay Jeffries">Zay Jeffries</a></li> <li>1947 : <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Warrington_Chubb" title="Lewis Warrington Chubb">Lewis Warrington Chubb</a></li> <li>1948 : <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a></li> <li>1949 : <a href="/wiki/Charles_Metcalf_Allen" title="Charles Metcalf Allen">Charles Metcalf Allen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1950 : <a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Aldridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter H. Aldridge">Walter H. Aldridge</a></li> <li>1951 : <a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></li> <li>1952 : <a href="/wiki/Ervin_George_Bailey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ervin George Bailey">Ervin George Bailey</a></li> <li>1953 : <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Fairless" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin F. Fairless">Benjamin F. Fairless</a></li> <li>1954 : <a href="/wiki/William_Embry_Wrather" title="William Embry Wrather">William Embry Wrather</a></li> <li>1955 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Alonzo_Winne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Alonzo Winne (page does not exist)">Harry Alonzo Winne</a></li> <li>1956 : <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sporn" title="Philip Sporn">Philip Sporn</a></li> <li>1957 : <a href="/wiki/Ben_Moreell" title="Ben Moreell">Ben Moreell</a></li> <li>1958 : <a href="/wiki/John_R._Suman" class="mw-redirect" title="John R. Suman">John R. Suman</a></li> <li>1959 : <a href="/wiki/Mervin_Kelly" title="Mervin Kelly">Mervin J. Kelly</a></li> <li>1960 : <a href="/wiki/Gwilym_A._Price" title="Gwilym A. Price">Gwilym A. Price</a></li> <li>1961 : <a href="/wiki/Stephen_D._Bechtel" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen D. Bechtel">Stephen D. Bechtel</a></li> <li>1962 : <a href="/wiki/Crawford_H._Greenewalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Crawford H. Greenewalt">Crawford H. Greenewalt</a></li> <li>1963 : <a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Dryden" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh L. Dryden">Hugh L. Dryden</a></li> <li>1964 : <a href="/wiki/Lucius_D._Clay" title="Lucius D. Clay">Lucius D. Clay</a></li> <li>1965 : <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Kappel" title="Frederick Kappel">Frederick Kappel</a></li> <li>1966 : <a href="/wiki/Warren_K._Lewis" title="Warren K. Lewis">Warren K. Lewis</a></li> <li>1967 : <a href="/wiki/Walker_L._Cisler" class="mw-redirect" title="Walker L. Cisler">Walker L. Cisler</a></li> <li>1968 : <a href="/wiki/Igor_Ivan_Sikorsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Ivan Sikorsky">Igor Ivan Sikorsky</a></li> <li>1969 : <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lawrence_Haider" title="Michael Lawrence Haider">Michael Lawrence Haider</a></li> <li>1970 : <a href="/wiki/Glenn_B._Warren" title="Glenn B. Warren">Glenn B. Warren</a></li> <li>1971 : <a href="/wiki/Patrick_E._Haggerty" title="Patrick E. Haggerty">Patrick E. Haggerty</a></li> <li>1972 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Webster_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Webster (engineer) (page does not exist)">William Webster</a></li> <li>1973 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyman_Wilber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyman Wilber (page does not exist)">Lyman Wilber</a></li> <li>1974 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=H._I._Romnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. I. Romnes (page does not exist)">H. I. Romnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1975 : <a href="/wiki/Manson_Benedict" title="Manson Benedict">Manson Benedict</a></li> <li>1976 : <a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine" title="Thomas O. Paine">Thomas O. Paine</a></li> <li>1977 : <a href="/wiki/George_R._Brown" title="George R. Brown">George R. Brown</a></li> <li>1978 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_G._Heitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert G. Heitz (page does not exist)">Robert G. Heitz</a></li> <li>1979 : <a href="/wiki/Nathan_M._Newmark" title="Nathan M. Newmark">Nathan M. Newmark</a></li> <li>1980 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Louis_Austin,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. Louis Austin, Jr. (page does not exist)">T. Louis Austin, Jr.</a></li> <li>1981 : <a href="/wiki/Ian_MacGregor" title="Ian MacGregor">Ian MacGregor</a></li> <li>1982 : <a href="/wiki/David_Packard" title="David Packard">David Packard</a></li> <li>1983 : <a href="/wiki/Claude_Elwood_Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Elwood Shannon">Claude Elwood Shannon</a></li> <li>1984 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_A._Roe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth A. Roe (page does not exist)">Kenneth A. Roe</a></li> <li>1985 : <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Drucker" title="Daniel C. Drucker">Daniel C. Drucker</a></li> <li>1986 : <a href="/wiki/Simon_Ramo" title="Simon Ramo">Simon Ramo</a></li> <li>1987 : <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Landau" title="Ralph Landau">Ralph Landau</a></li> <li>1988 : <a href="/wiki/Ralph_B._Peck" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph B. Peck">Ralph B. Peck</a></li> <li>1989 : <a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Noyce" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert N. Noyce">Robert N. Noyce</a></li> <li>1990 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_A._Cain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon A. Cain (page does not exist)">Gordon A. Cain</a></li> <li>1991 : <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Rouse" title="Hunter Rouse">Hunter Rouse</a></li> <li>1992 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serge_Gratch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serge Gratch (page does not exist)">Serge Gratch</a></li> <li>1993 : <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Moore" title="Gordon Moore">Gordon Moore</a></li> <li>1994 : <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_C._Hottel" title="Hoyt C. Hottel">Hoyt C. Hottel</a></li> <li>1995 : <a href="/wiki/Lynn_S._Beedle" title="Lynn S. Beedle">Lynn S. Beedle</a></li> <li>1996 : <a href="/wiki/George_N._Hatsopoulos" title="George N. Hatsopoulos">George N. Hatsopoulos</a></li> <li>1997 : <a href="/wiki/Arthur_E._Humphrey" title="Arthur E. Humphrey">Arthur E. Humphrey</a></li> <li>1998 : <a href="/wiki/Ivan_A._Getting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan A. Getting">Ivan A. Getting</a></li> <li>1999 : <a href="/wiki/George_H._Heilmeier" title="George H. Heilmeier">George H. Heilmeier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000 : <a href="/wiki/John_W._Fisher" title="John W. Fisher">John W. Fisher</a></li> <li>2001 : <a href="/wiki/Paul_C._W._Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. W. Chu">Paul C. W. Chu</a></li> <li>2002 : <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Goldin" title="Daniel Goldin">Daniel Goldin</a></li> <li>2003 : <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert S. Langer</a></li> <li>2004 : <a href="/wiki/John_A._Swanson" title="John A. Swanson">John A. Swanson</a></li> <li>2005 : <a href="/wiki/George_Tamaro" title="George Tamaro">George Tamaro</a></li> <li>2006 : No award</li> <li>2007 : <a href="/wiki/Gavriel_Salvendy" title="Gavriel Salvendy">Gavriel Salvendy</a></li> <li>2008 : <a href="/wiki/Kristina_M._Johnson" title="Kristina M. Johnson">Kristina M. Johnson</a></li> <li>2009 : <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Claeys_Brill" class="mw-redirect" title="Yvonne Claeys Brill">Yvonne Claeys Brill</a></li> <li>2010 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_J._Posakony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald J. Posakony (page does not exist)">Gerald J. Posakony</a></li> <li>2011 : <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Viterbi" title="Andrew Viterbi">Andrew Viterbi</a></li> <li>2012 : <a href="/wiki/Leslie_E._Robertson" title="Leslie E. Robertson">Leslie E. Robertson</a></li> <li>2013 : <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Stephanopoulos" title="Gregory Stephanopoulos">Gregory Stephanopoulos</a></li> <li>2014 : <a href="/wiki/Julia_Weertman" title="Julia Weertman">Julia Weertman</a></li> <li>2015 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_D._Magnusson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon D. Magnusson (page does not exist)">Jon D. Magnusson</a></li> <li>2017 : <a href="/wiki/Frank_Kreith" title="Frank Kreith">Frank Kreith</a></li> <li>2018 : <a href="/wiki/Anne_S._Kiremidjian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne S. Kiremidjian">Anne S. Kiremidjian</a></li> <li>2019 : No award</li> <li>2020 : No award</li> <li>2021 : <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elon Musk</a></li> <li>2022 : No award</li> <li>2023 : <a href="/wiki/Asad_M._Madni" title="Asad M. Madni">Asad M. Madni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/19px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/29px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/38px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Business" title="Portal:Business">Business</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/17px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/26px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/34px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/21px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/32px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/42px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="219" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Cars</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/18px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/27px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/35px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/21px-Earth_Day_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/32px-Earth_Day_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/42px-Earth_Day_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ecology" title="Portal:Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/20px-Crystal_energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/30px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/40px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="124" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/19px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/29px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind-turbine-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/19px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/29px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/38px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/21px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/42px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Space">Space</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/21px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/42px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Africa" title="Portal:South Africa">South Africa</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/19px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/30px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/39px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317521#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3566" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317521#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3566" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317521#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000426582862">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/306339060">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1915600/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgX9wM8mkBhm9rr8FWYyd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1062481119">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2014017754">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001156447">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/DDSV397513">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2015891473&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000169083&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5628980">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p400969408">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/15034797">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=017374621&CON_LNG=ENG">Taiwan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000249697&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000732338&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000903534">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201806268">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810569544605606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007592088005171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058620098506706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA1840265X?l=en">CiNii</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8013-3548">ORCID</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=8602050800">Scopus</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/e515c7ca-cc78-4bd1-b3c4-aacbf9a0687a">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/1062481119.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/E7wIyFuBb">Deutsche Synchronkartei</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1062481119">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/20408878X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w62g0hbz">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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</div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-ll297","wgBackendResponseTime":4897,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.280","walltime":"4.696","ppvisitednodes":{"value":32360,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1583200,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":88726,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":64,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1931952,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4089.130 1 -total"," 56.47% 2308.981 2 Template:Reflist"," 41.00% 1676.502 391 Template:Cite_news"," 8.16% 333.615 16 Template:Multiref2"," 6.74% 275.489 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 5.61% 229.288 2 Template:Sfnp"," 4.87% 199.153 54 Template:Cite_web"," 3.12% 127.679 17 Template:Navbox"," 2.92% 119.558 3 Template:Tweet"," 2.83% 115.863 3 Template:Quote_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.932","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25973864,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"Belfiore\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdlerTurner2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlexander2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlexanderHull2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAllyn2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnkel2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArcand2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrabi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBasu2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenton2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerger2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerger2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhaimiya\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBinoy2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBirnbaum2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorger2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoudette2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoudreau2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBova2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoyle2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBranson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBriceChambersTimmonsSingh2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrodkin2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrodkin2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBursztynsky2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCain2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalia2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCapoot2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarlson2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChafkin2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChang2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChase2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChoi2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChoudhury2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChow2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClayton2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClayton2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClifford2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCondon2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCongerHirschSorkin2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCongerMac2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCongerMac2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCopp2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorfield2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCosta2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrellin2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrilly2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowley2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDa_Silva2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDang2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarcy2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarville2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDerbyshireWhannel2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDorn\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDrake2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuffy2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuffy2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunbar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDurand_Streisand\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEcarma2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEddy2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElder2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEligonChutel2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElliott2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElliottMichaels2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEtherington\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEwing2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahrentholdMac2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarivar2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarrow2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFavreau2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeinberg2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFelsenthal2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFField2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzgerald2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlynn2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrancisZeffman2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrenkelMyers2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriend2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFung2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFungDuffy2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarofoli2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeuss2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhaffary2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilbert2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlazerGrind\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGodoy2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGodoyJin2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGold2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldstein2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldsteinConger2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldsteinFlitter2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGregoryCooke2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuy2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHals2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarwell2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarwell2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarwood2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHe2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeater2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeathman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenley2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenshall2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHern2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHern2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHiggins2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHines2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmes2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuang\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuddlestone2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHullMay\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHullMay2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutchison\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIANS2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngram2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngram2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngramMay2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsaacHirsch2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsidore2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsidore2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIvie2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJankowicz2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJensen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoed_Viera2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonRoulette2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoyella\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoyella2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJunnarkar1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJunod2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKanellos2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasprak2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKay2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeating1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhalaf2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKharpalLora_Kolodny2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiefer2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKim2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKinnard2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirkpatrick\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirsten_GrindEmily_GlazerRebecca_ElliottCoulter_Jones\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlar2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnight2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKolawole2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKolodny2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKolodny2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKolodnyBursztynsky2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKoren2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKorn2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKreps2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrisher2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrugman2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurp2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaMonica2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLadan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLangman2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawless2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLedur2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLerman2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevinMitchell2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiang2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLieberman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLing2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLjunggren2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLocke2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMacBensinger2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacMillanSiddiquiLermanTelford2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadelineSchleifer2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaidment2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMak2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalik2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaloyTiku2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManganLora_Kolodny2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMann2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarino-Nachison2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoff2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoff2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarquardt2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshallHoover2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMattioliPalazzoloSafdar2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcBride2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCray2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDougall2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcFarland2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLean2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMehtaDangGhosh2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeisenzahl\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetz2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetzger2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeyer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilmo2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMilner\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohamed\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrison2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMunozSmith2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMusk2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMusk2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMusk2022\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFMusk2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeate2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovet2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Kane2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Kane2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;KaneLopatto2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Mahony2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOdell2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOhnsman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOshin2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkerDawseyScherer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatnaikKalia2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeters2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetrova2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPicchi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPicchi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPierce2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlatt\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPorter2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPsaropoulos\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRanger\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRapier2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReed2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRees2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReynolds2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogersMorrisInagaki2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomero2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoulette2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuddick2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSacchettiSiddiquiMiroff2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamuels2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchedeen2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchilling2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchleifer2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchleiferNehamasCongerMac2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchonfeld2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartz2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwedel2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerwer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheetz2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheetz2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShepardson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShepardsonRoulette2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShoichet2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSiddiqui2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiddiqui2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiddiquiMerrill2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSiddiquiMiroff2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSigel2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSomerville2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoni2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStahl\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStatt2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFStern2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStimson2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrange2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrauss2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrong2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwanSchleiferHabermanConger2025\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSwisher2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSzalai2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTangalakis-Lippert2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTankersley2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTate2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTenbargeGogginBarnett2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThadaniMorse2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTharoor2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimes\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomlinson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrepany2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurvillShipmanWheeler2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUsborne2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValero2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVance2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVance2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVargas2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVincent2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVlasic2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarzel2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWattles2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWattles2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWayne2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinkler2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolf2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodyard2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWurzburger2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYahr2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYounKatersky2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZahn\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZakrewskiFaizMenn2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZakrzewskiSiddiqui2025\"] = 1,\n [\"Isaacson\"] = 1,\n [\"Jackson\"] = 1,\n [\"Kidder\"] = 1,\n [\"Vance\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 5,\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 22,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 385,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite tweet\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 53,\n [\"Convert\"] = 5,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Musk, Elon\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 7,\n [\"Elon Musk\"] = 1,\n [\"Elon Musk series\"] = 1,\n [\"Excerpt\"] = 1,\n [\"Existential risk from artificial intelligence\"] = 1,\n [\"External media\"] = 1,\n [\"FRS 2018\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 3,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Indented plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"John Fritz Medal\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 21,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 3,\n [\"Multiref2\"] = 16,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nee\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 1,\n [\"PayPal Mafia\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Post-nominals\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-vandalism\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"SpaceX\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 1,\n [\"Tesla Motors\"] = 1,\n [\"Time Persons of the Year 2001–2025\"] = 1,\n [\"Transhumanism footer\"] = 1,\n [\"Triangulation\"] = 1,\n [\"Tweet\"] = 3,\n [\"Twitter navbox\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 2,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 2,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","420","14.1"],["?","340","11.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","320","10.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","220","7.4"],["recursiveClone 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