CINXE.COM
Privacy Policy - The Citizen Lab
<!doctype html> <!--[if lt IE 7]><html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><![endif]--> <!--[if (IE 7)&!(IEMobile)]><html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><![endif]--> <!--[if (IE 8)&!(IEMobile)]><html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><!--<![endif]--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <title>Privacy Policy - The Citizen Lab</title> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/apple-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/apple-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/apple-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/apple-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/apple-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/apple-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/apple-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/apple-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/apple-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/android-icon-192x192.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/favicon-96x96.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/ms-icon-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <!--[if IE]> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/favicon.ico"> <![endif]--> <link rel="pingback" href="https://citizenlab.ca/xmlrpc.php"> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <!-- Search Engine Optimization by Rank Math PRO - https://rankmath.com/ --> <meta name="description" content="Last Revised: 2020 April 07"/> <meta name="robots" content="follow, index, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://citizenlab.ca/privacy/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Privacy Policy - The Citizen Lab" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Last Revised: 2020 April 07" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://citizenlab.ca/privacy/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="The Citizen Lab" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2020-04-07T14:16:18-04:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/citizenlab_logo_thumb.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/citizenlab_logo_thumb.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="490" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="326" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Citizen Lab logo" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2017-07-10T11:10:49-04:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2020-04-07T14:16:18-04:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Privacy Policy - The Citizen Lab" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Last Revised: 2020 April 07" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@citizenlab" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@andrewchilts" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/citizenlab_logo_thumb.png" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Time to read" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="4 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="rank-math-schema-pro">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["CollegeOrUniversity","Organization"],"@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/#organization","name":"The Citizen Lab","url":"https://citizenlab.ca","sameAs":["https://twitter.com/citizenlab"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/#logo","url":"https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/citlablogo.png","contentUrl":"https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/citlablogo.png","caption":"The Citizen Lab","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"7824","height":"5216"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/#website","url":"https://citizenlab.ca","name":"The Citizen Lab","publisher":{"@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/citizenlab_logo_thumb.png","url":"https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/citizenlab_logo_thumb.png","width":"490","height":"326","caption":"Citizen Lab logo","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/privacy/#webpage","url":"https://citizenlab.ca/privacy/","name":"Privacy Policy - The Citizen Lab","datePublished":"2017-07-10T11:10:49-04:00","dateModified":"2020-04-07T14:16:18-04:00","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/citizenlab_logo_thumb.png"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/author/andrew/","name":"Andrew Hilts","url":"https://citizenlab.ca/author/andrew/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a5c4a29de12bf3d2b09152a6b79154a3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a5c4a29de12bf3d2b09152a6b79154a3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Andrew Hilts","inLanguage":"en-US"},"sameAs":["https://twitter.com/andrewchilts"],"worksFor":{"@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/#organization"}},{"@type":"Article","headline":"Privacy Policy - The Citizen Lab","datePublished":"2017-07-10T11:10:49-04:00","dateModified":"2020-04-07T14:16:18-04:00","author":{"@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/author/andrew/","name":"Andrew Hilts"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/#organization"},"description":"Last Revised: 2020 April 07","name":"Privacy Policy - The Citizen Lab","@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/privacy/#richSnippet","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/privacy/#webpage"},"image":{"@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/citizenlab_logo_thumb.png"},"inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://citizenlab.ca/privacy/#webpage"}}]}</script> <!-- /Rank Math WordPress SEO plugin --> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Citizen Lab » Feed" href="https://citizenlab.ca/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Citizen Lab » Comments Feed" href="https://citizenlab.ca/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://citizenlab.ca/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='rank-math-toc-block-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol{counter-reset:item}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li{display:block}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li:before{content:counters(item, ".") ". ";counter-increment:item} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bigfoot-number-css' href='https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/plugins/bigfoot_footnotes/library/bigfoot-number.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='__EPYT__style-css' href='https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/plugins/youtube-embed-plus/styles/ytprefs.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='__EPYT__style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .epyt-gallery-thumb { width: 33.333%; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bones-base-stylesheet-css' href='https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/css/tachyons.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bones-stylesheet-css' href='https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/css/style.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bones-ie-only-css' href='https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/css/ie.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <![endif]--> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css' href='https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/fontawesome/css/fontawesome.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-brands-css' href='https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/fontawesome/css/brands.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-solid-css' href='https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/fontawesome/css/solid.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="__ytprefs__-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var _EPYT_ = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","security":"e012a0088c","gallery_scrolloffset":"20","eppathtoscripts":"https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/scripts\/","eppath":"https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/","epresponsiveselector":"[\"iframe.__youtube_prefs__\",\"iframe[src*='youtube.com']\",\"iframe[src*='youtube-nocookie.com']\",\"iframe[data-ep-src*='youtube.com']\",\"iframe[data-ep-src*='youtube-nocookie.com']\",\"iframe[data-ep-gallerysrc*='youtube.com']\"]","epdovol":"1","version":"14.2.1.2","evselector":"iframe.__youtube_prefs__[src], iframe[src*=\"youtube.com\/embed\/\"], iframe[src*=\"youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/\"]","ajax_compat":"","maxres_facade":"eager","ytapi_load":"light","pause_others":"","stopMobileBuffer":"1","facade_mode":"","not_live_on_channel":"","vi_active":"","vi_js_posttypes":[]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/plugins/youtube-embed-plus/scripts/ytprefs.min.js" id="__ytprefs__-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/js/libs/modernizr.custom.min.js" id="bones-modernizr-js"></script> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://citizenlab.ca/?p=68319' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcitizenlab.ca%2Fprivacy%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcitizenlab.ca%2Fprivacy%2F&format=xml" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="google_gtagjs" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RCDQQLPVF0" async="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="google_gtagjs-inline"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}gtag('js', new Date());gtag('config', 'G-RCDQQLPVF0', {'anonymize_ip': true} ); /* ]]> */ </script> </head> <body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"> <!-- <div class="mw-12 pv3 ph3 pv3-l ph6-l bg-lab-dark-brown"> --> <header id="header" role="banner" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader"> <div id="header__inner" class="flex-ns items-center justify-between"> <div class="v-mid flex justify-between items-center"> <div class="mr-auto"> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca" rel="nofollow" id="logo" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <img src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/CL-logo-3-headed.png" alt="The Citizen Lab"/> </a> <img src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/MunkSchool-WHT.png" class="munk-logo" alt="Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy | University of Toronto" /> </div> <!-- Visible on mobile --> <a href="#main-menu" id="homepage" aria-label="Open main menu"> <span class="fa-solid fa-bars-staggered white dib" title="Open Menu"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Open main menu</span> </a> </div> <!-- Main navigation menu --> <a class="skip-main" href="#main">Skip to main content</a> <div class="flex-ns main-menu" id="main-menu"> <a href="#homepage" id="homepage" class="menu-close" aria-label="Close main menu"> <span class="fa-solid fa-x white dib" title="Close Menu"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Close main menu</span> </a> <nav id="nav-main" role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" class="tc tl-l"> <ul id="menu-top-menu" class="list ma0 mt2 mt0-ns pa0 b dib-ns"><li id="menu-item-29705" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-29705 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2 ml0">Research</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-72358" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-72358 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/targeted-threats/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">Targeted Threats</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72357" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-72357 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/free-expression-online/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2 mr0">Free Expression Online</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72359" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-72359 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/transparency/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">Transparency and Accountability</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72360" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-72360 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/app-privacy-and-security/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">App Privacy and Controls</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72362" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-72362 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/global-research-network/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">Global Research Network</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72385" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-72385 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/tools-resources/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">Tools & Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72361" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-72361 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/publications/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">Publications</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-29706" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-29706 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/lab-news/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">News</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-72363" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-72363 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/lab-news/mentions/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">In the Media</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72364" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-72364 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/lab-news/events/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72365" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-72365 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/lab-news/opportunities/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">Opportunities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-29707" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-29707 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/about/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-72367" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-72367 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/about/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">About The Citizen Lab</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72368" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-72368 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/media/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">Media Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72369" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-72369 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/people/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">People</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72370" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-72370 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/teaching/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">Teaching</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72387" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-72387 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://engage.utoronto.ca/site/SPageServer?pagename=donate#/fund/847" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">Donate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-74537" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-74537 dib-ns f5-l f4 ttu pv2 "><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/disclosure-of-security-vulnerabilities/" class="white no-underline h-underline pr2">Security Vulnerabilities</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <!-- Search bar --> <div class="flex items-start justify-center searchbar"> <form class="db-l ma0 pa0 b0 lh0 f5" role="search" method="get" id="menuSearchform" action="https://citizenlab.ca/"> <div id="menuSearchContainer" class="ml3 dib w0 transition-width overflow-hidden"> <input type="search" id="menuSearch" name="s" value="" class="b--none ma0 pa1 w-100" placeholder="Search"/> </div> <!--end of menuSearchContainer--> </form> <div id="menuSearchButton" class="db-l ml3 pointer items-end"> <span class="fa-solid fa-magnifying-glass white f5" aria-label="Search" title="Search"></span> </div> </div> <!--end of searchbar--> </div> <!--end of main-menu --> </div> <!-- end of header__inner --> </header> <!-- </div> --> <div id="container" class="pa3 pv4-l ph5-l"> <!--TODO move to stylesheet --> <div id="content"> <div id="inner-content"> <main id="main" role="main" itemscope itemprop="mainContentOfPage" itemtype="http://schema.org/Blog" class="container"> <article id="post-68319" dir="ltr" class="cf post-68319 page type-page status-publish hentry" role="article" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <header> <h1 itemprop="headline" class="ma0 lh-title">Privacy Policy</h1> </header> <section itemprop="articleBody" class="article-body mb4 mt4 pt2 bt b--light-gray lh-copy"> <p>Last Revised: 2020 April 07</p> <p>The Citizen Lab respects your privacy and, as part of the University of Toronto, we comply with Ontario’s Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (FIPPA). This policy informs you about how we handle personal information collected through our website, <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/" class="pointer">citizenlab.ca</a>. We may update this policy from time to time and will notify you by changing the<i> Last Revised </i>date at the top of this page.</p> <p>As part of the University of Toronto, our collection of personal information is authorized by section 2(14) of The University of Toronto Act, 1971.</p> <p><strong>What personal information is collected through the Citizen Lab website and why?</strong></p> <p>The Citizen Lab only collects personal information when we have your consent or when it is necessary for our legitimate interest of disseminating our research and related work.</p> <p>Our website allows you to voluntarily provide us with your email address in order to receive the Citizen Lab newsletter. The newsletter is powered by the third party service Mailchimp and when you sign up your email address is sent to Mailchimp. You can always unsubscribe from our mailing list by clicking on the unsubscribe link in a newsletter email. For more information about Mailchimp’s privacy practices, please consult their <a href="https://mailchimp.com/legal/privacy/" class="pointer" target="_blank" rel="noopener">privacy policy</a>.</p> <p><i>Cookies and Technical Information</i></p> <p>The Citizen Lab collects data that may be considered personal information in order to provide access to our website and relevant web content, and to monitor our website’s performance.</p> <p>Our website’s web server technology logs your public IP address in association with web resources requested by your browser. The time and URL of each resource you request is logged and stored on our web server in a directory accessible only to system administrators.</p> <p>Our website also uses cookies and other tracking technologies to collect statistics about visitors’ usage of the website through Google Analytics. Google Analytics anonymizes your IP address prior to processing. The use of Google Analytics does not allow us to identify individuals and we do not use Google Analytics for advertising related purposes. Google Analytics cookies on our site may expire at the end of your browsing session or a maximum of two years after access, depending on their function.</p> <p>We embed YouTube videos on our website in “privacy enhanced mode.” These videos use cookies to retain user preferences but do not track viewing behaviour. More information on privacy enhanced mode is available <a href="https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/171780?hl=en" class="pointer" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>. Youtube cookies on our site may expire at the end of your browsing session or a maximum of one year after access, depending on their function.</p> <p>By using our website you consent to the use of such cookies. If you do not wish to be tracked by YouTube or Google Analytics, consider installing an ad blocking web extension such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBlock_Origin" class="pointer" target="_blank" rel="noopener">uBlock Origin</a> or changing the settings in your internet browser. For more information about Google’s use of data, please read their <a href="https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy/" class="pointer" target="_blank" rel="noopener">privacy policy</a> as well as Google Analytics’ support article about “<a href="https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/6004245?hl=en" class="pointer" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Safeguarding your data</a>”.</p> <p><strong>How long do we keep your information?</strong></p> <p>We keep your personal information for as long as it is necessary in connection with the purposes for which it was collected.</p> <p><strong>Where and how is your personal information stored?</strong></p> <p>We store your personal information in Canada and use appropriate safeguards to keep your data safe. If you choose to provide us with your email address, that data will be stored in the United States and will be safeguarded by security practices described on MailChimp’s <a href="https://mailchimp.com/about/security/" class="pointer" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Security</a> page. Google Analytics and YouTube may also collect information that is considered personal information and will store this information in conformity with their <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy?hl=en#infosecurity" class="pointer" target="_blank" rel="noopener">privacy policy</a> including complying with the EU-US and Swiss-US Privacy Shield Frameworks.</p> <p><strong>What rights do I have regarding my personal information?</strong></p> <p>Our handling of your personal information is governed by Ontario’s FIPPA through which you have enforceable rights. You have the right to access and correct your personal information. You have the right to lodge a complaint with the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario.</p> <p>Depending on the applicable laws of your country or jurisdiction, you may also have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, the right to the erasure of your personal information, the right to object to the processing of your personal information, the right to restrict our processing of your personal information, and the right to receive your personal information in a manner that facilitates the portability of your data.</p> <p>We will comply with all requests that are legally required and assist with other requests as appropriate in the circumstances, including erasure of your personal information, objection to processing of your personal information, and requests to receive your personal information in a manner that facilitates the portability of your data.</p> <p><strong>Who do I contact if I have further questions?</strong></p> <p>If you have further questions about our privacy practices you can contact the Citizen Lab at <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#98e8eaf1eef9fbe1d8fbf1ecf1e2fdf6f4f9fab6fbf9" class="pointer"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="d0a0a2b9a6b1b3a990b3b9a4b9aab5bebcb1b2feb3b1">[email protected]</span></a>.</p> <p>For further information on FIPPA and the University of Toronto, you can <a href="https://governingcouncil.utoronto.ca/contact-us-2" class="pointer" target="_blank" rel="noopener">contact</a> the University of Toronto’s Freedom of Information & Protection of Privacy Office:</p> <p>Rafael Eskenazi, FIPP Director<br> University of Toronto<br> McMurrich Building, Rm 104<br> 12 Queen’s Park Crescent W<br> Toronto, ON M5S 1A8<br> 416 946-5835<br> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#384a595e595d54165d4b535d56594251784d4c574a57564c57165b59" class="pointer"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="0d7f6c6b6c686123687e6668636c77644d7879627f62637962236e6c">[email protected]</span></a></p> <p>The Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario can be contacted at:</p> <p>2 Bloor Street East,<br> Suite 1400<br> Toronto, ON M4W 1A8<br> 416-326-3333<br> 1-800-387-0073<br> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#40292e262f002930236e2f2e6e2321" class="pointer"><b><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="1b72757d745b726b7835747535787a">[email protected]</span></b></a><br> <a href="https://www.ipc.on.ca/" class="pointer" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><b>https://www.ipc.on.ca/</b></a></p> </section> <footer> </footer> </article> </main> </div> </div> </div> <footer role="contentinfo" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPFooter" class="footer"> <div class="footer__container"> <nav role="navigation" class="footer__nav"> <h2>Research</h2> <div class="footer-links cf"><ul id="menu-research" class="list pa0"><li id="menu-item-29711" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29711"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/targeted-threats/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">Targeted Threats</a></li> <li id="menu-item-29709" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29709"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/free-expression-online/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">Free Expression Online</a></li> <li id="menu-item-29712" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29712"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/transparency/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">Transparency and Accountability</a></li> <li id="menu-item-29708" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29708"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/app-privacy-and-security/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">App Privacy and Controls</a></li> <li id="menu-item-29710" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29710"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/global-research-network/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">Global Research Network</a></li> <li id="menu-item-72386" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-72386"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/tools-resources/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">Tools & Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-29713" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29713"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/publications/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">All Publications</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <nav role="navigation" class="footer__nav"> <h2>News</h2> <div class="footer-links cf"><ul id="menu-news" class="list pa0"><li id="menu-item-29714" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29714"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/lab-news/mentions/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">In the Media</a></li> <li id="menu-item-29715" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29715"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/lab-news/events/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-29716" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29716"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/lab-news/opportunities/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">Opportunities</a></li> <li id="menu-item-29717" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29717"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/newsletter/archives/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">Newsletter Archives</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <nav role="navigation" class="footer__nav"> <h2>About</h2> <div class="footer-links cf"><ul id="menu-about" class="list pa0"><li id="menu-item-29718" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29718"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/about/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">About The Citizen Lab</a></li> <li id="menu-item-29720" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29720"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/people/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">People</a></li> <li id="menu-item-68022" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-68022"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/media/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">Media Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-29721" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29721"><a href="https://citizenlab.ca/teaching/" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">Teaching</a></li> <li id="menu-item-68345" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-68345"><a href="https://donate.utoronto.ca/give/show/84" class="lh-title mb2 db white b no-underline underline-hover">Donate</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> <!-- Social Media & Newletter --> <div class="footer__container mt4 relative pt3-ns bt b--gray"> <div class="flex-ns justify-between w-100"> <div class="w-30-ns w-100 mb3 mr3-ns pt3"> <h2 class="ttu mt0 mb2 f4">Connect</h2> <div class="social-media"> <a class="dim" href="https://x.com/citizenlab" aria-label="Visit our Twitter/X account"><span class="fa-brands fa-twitter white" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <a class="dim" rel="me" href="https://mastodon.social/@citizenlab" aria-label="Follow our Mastodon account"><span class="fa-brands fa-mastodon white" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <a class="dim" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCf5Aunw7xvt3lAFrLhiCA5w" aria-label="Visit our Youtube page"><span class="fa-brands fa-youtube white" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <a class="dim" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#4c25223d39253e25293f0c2f253825362922202d2e622f2d" aria-label="Email us"><span class="fa-solid fa-envelope white" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <a class="dim" href="https://github.com/citizenlab" aria-label="Visit oour Github"><span class="fa-brands fa-github white" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="w-60-ns f6 w-100 pt3"> <h2 class="f4 ttu mb2 mt3 mt0-ns">Newsletter</h2> <div id="text-3"> <div class="textwidget"><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script>(function() { window.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || { listeners: [], forms: { on: function(evt, cb) { window.mc4wp.listeners.push( { event : evt, callback: cb } ); } } } })(); </script><!-- Mailchimp for WordPress v4.9.19 - https://wordpress.org/plugins/mailchimp-for-wp/ --><form id="mc4wp-form-1" class="mc4wp-form mc4wp-form-29703" method="post" data-id="29703" data-name="" ><div class="mc4wp-form-fields"><input type="email" name="EMAIL" placeholder="Your email address" required class="dib pv1 mr2 mv1 lh-solid mw4"/><input type="submit" value="Sign up" class="link br1 b--none lh-solid cta-button-orange b pointer"/></div><label style="display: none !important;">Leave this field empty if you're human: <input type="text" name="_mc4wp_honeypot" value="" tabindex="-1" autocomplete="off" /></label><input type="hidden" name="_mc4wp_timestamp" value="1732489777" /><input type="hidden" name="_mc4wp_form_id" value="29703" /><input type="hidden" name="_mc4wp_form_element_id" value="mc4wp-form-1" /><div class="mc4wp-response"></div></form><!-- / Mailchimp for WordPress Plugin --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="privacy-footer"> <div class="mv0 dib"> <div id="text-5"> <div class="textwidget"><p><a class="db white dim" href="https://citizenlab.ca/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mv0 dib ph3-l"> <div id="text-4"> <div class="textwidget"><p>Unless otherwise noted this site and its contents are licensed under a <a class="white dim" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ca/">Creative聽Commons Attribution 2.5 Canada</a> license.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dib mv0 mt2 lh0 mw5"> <a href="http://munkschool.utoronto.ca/" target="blank"> <img src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/images/MunkSchool-WHT.png" alt="Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy | University of Toronto" /> </a> </div> </div> <script>(function() {function maybePrefixUrlField () { const value = this.value.trim() if (value !== '' && value.indexOf('http') !== 0) { this.value = 'http://' + value } } const urlFields = document.querySelectorAll('.mc4wp-form input[type="url"]') for (let j = 0; j < urlFields.length; j++) { urlFields[j].addEventListener('blur', maybePrefixUrlField) } })();</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/plugins/bigfoot_footnotes/library/bigfoot.js" id="bigfoot-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/plugins/bigfoot_footnotes/library/bigfoot.min.js" id="bigfoot-min-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/plugins/bigfoot_footnotes/library/bigfoot-function.js" id="bigfoot-function-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/plugins/youtube-embed-plus/scripts/fitvids.min.js" id="__ytprefsfitvids__-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/js/search-menu.js" id="search-menu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.2/library/js/jquery-details/jquery.details.min.js" id="jquery-details-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/plugins/mailchimp-for-wp/assets/js/forms.js" id="mc4wp-forms-api-js"></script> </body> </html> <!-- end of site. what a ride! --> <!-- Performance optimized by Redis Object Cache. Learn more: https://wprediscache.com Retrieved 2284 objects (1 MB) from Redis using PhpRedis (v6.0.2). -->