CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Gavin Williamson - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"1a0f3a6c-807c-4d45-919b-3daa357fe950","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Gavin_Williamson","wgTitle":"Gavin Williamson","wgCurRevisionId":1259028823,"wgRevisionId":1259028823,"wgArticleId":27362227,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from November 2024","Use British English from November 2019","Commons category link from Wikidata","1976 births","English people of Irish descent","Living people","Alumni of the University of Bradford","Commanders of the Order of the British Empire","Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies","Members of North Yorkshire County Council", "Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister","Politicians from Scarborough, North Yorkshire","UK MPs 2010–2015","UK MPs 2015–2017","UK MPs 2017–2019","UK MPs 2019–2024","UK MPs 2024–present","Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom","Politicians from Yorkshire","Russia–United Kingdom relations","Secretaries of State for Defence (UK)","British Secretaries of State for Education","Knights Bachelor","English victims of crime","Workplace harassment and bullying"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Gavin_Williamson","wgRelevantArticleId":27362227,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q262409","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/1200px-Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/800px-Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/640px-Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="853"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Gavin Williamson - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Gavin_Williamson rootpage-Gavin_Williamson skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gavin+Williamson" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gavin+Williamson" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gavin+Williamson" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gavin+Williamson" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Parliamentary career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Parliamentary_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Parliamentary career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_parliamentary_career_(2010–2011)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_parliamentary_career_(2010–2011)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early parliamentary career (2010–2011)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_parliamentary_career_(2010–2011)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_Private_Secretary_(2011–2016)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_Private_Secretary_(2011–2016)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Parliamentary Private Secretary (2011–2016)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_Private_Secretary_(2011–2016)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_Whip_(2016–2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_Whip_(2016–2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Chief Whip (2016–2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_Whip_(2016–2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defence_Secretary_(2017–2019)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence_Secretary_(2017–2019)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Defence Secretary (2017–2019)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence_Secretary_(2017–2019)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boris_Johnson_Conservative_leadership_campaign_(2019)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boris_Johnson_Conservative_leadership_campaign_(2019)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Boris Johnson Conservative leadership campaign (2019)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boris_Johnson_Conservative_leadership_campaign_(2019)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_Secretary_(2019–2021)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_Secretary_(2019–2021)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Education Secretary (2019–2021)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_Secretary_(2019–2021)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exams_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exams_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Exams controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exams_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backbenches_(2021–2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backbenches_(2021–2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Backbenches (2021–2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backbenches_(2021–2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_of_State_without_Portfolio_(2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_State_without_Portfolio_(2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Minister of State without Portfolio (2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_State_without_Portfolio_(2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_bullying_and_resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_bullying_and_resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>Allegations of bullying and resignation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_bullying_and_resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backbencher_in_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backbencher_in_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Backbencher in opposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backbencher_in_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gavin Williamson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gavin Williamson" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="غافين ويليامسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غافين ويليامسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gavin Williamson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gavin Williamson" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Γκάβιν Ουίλιαμσον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκάβιν Ουίλιαμσον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gavin Williamson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="گوین ویلیامسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوین ویلیامسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gavin Williamson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gavin Williamson" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%87%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Գևին Ուիլյամսոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գևին Ուիլյամսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gavin Williamson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gavin Williamson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="גאווין ויליאמסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאווין ויליאמסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavinus_Williamson" title="Gavinus Williamson – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gavinus Williamson" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gavin Williamson" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="جافين ويليامسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جافين ويليامسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="ギャヴィン・ウィリアムソン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギャヴィン・ウィリアムソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gavin Williamson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gavin Williamson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Уильямсон, Гэвин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уильямсон, Гэвин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гевін Вільямсон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гевін Вільямсон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gavin Williamson" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E5%BB%89%E4%BF%A1" title="韋廉信 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="韋廉信" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E5%A7%86%E6%A3%AE" title="加文·威廉姆森 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加文·威廉姆森" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q262409#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Gavin_Williamson" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Williamson"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Williamson"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Gavin_Williamson" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Gavin_Williamson" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&oldid=1259028823" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Gavin_Williamson&id=1259028823&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGavin_Williamson"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGavin_Williamson"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gavin_Williamson&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gavin_Williamson" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q262409" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British politician (born 1976)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the British politician. For other people of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Williamson_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gavin Williamson (disambiguation)">Gavin Williamson (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Sir Gavin Williamson</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MP</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2,_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/220px-Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/330px-Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/440px-Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_without_Portfolio" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State without Portfolio">Minister of State without Portfolio</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 October 2022 – 8 November 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Adams" title="Nigel Adams">Nigel Adams</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Esther_McVey" title="Esther McVey">Esther McVey</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Secretary of State for Education</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 July 2019 – 15 September 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Damian_Hinds" title="Damian Hinds">Damian Hinds</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Nadhim Zahawi</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretary of State for Defence</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 November 2017 – 1 May 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Michael_Fallon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Michael Fallon">Sir Michael Fallon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Penny_Mordaunt" title="Penny Mordaunt">Penny Mordaunt</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Chief Whip of the Conservative Party">Chief Whip of the House of Commons</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury">Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 July 2016 – 2 November 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Harper" title="Mark Harper">Mark Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Smith_(politician)" title="Julian Smith (politician)">Julian Smith</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Stone,_Great_Wyrley_and_Penkridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone, Great Wyrley and Penkridge">Stone, Great Wyrley and Penkridge</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/South_Staffordshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Staffordshire (UK Parliament constituency)">South Staffordshire</a> (2010–2024)</small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />6 May 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Patrick_Cormack" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Patrick Cormack">Sir Patrick Cormack</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Majority</th><td class="infobox-data">5,466 (12.8%)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Gavin Alexander Williamson</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1976-06-25</span>) </span>25 June 1976<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 48)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Scarborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Joanne Eland</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2001)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Raincliffe_School" title="Raincliffe School">Raincliffe School</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Scarborough_Sixth_Form_College" title="Scarborough Sixth Form College">Scarborough Sixth Form College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">University of Bradford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gavinwilliamson.org">gavinwilliamson<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Gavin Alexander Williamson</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span></span> (born 25 June 1976) is a British politician who served in various <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a> positions under Prime Ministers <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a> between 2016 and 2022, lastly as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_without_Portfolio" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State without Portfolio">Minister of State without Portfolio</a> from 25 October to 8 November 2022 under Sunak. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>, he has been the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Stone,_Great_Wyrley_and_Penkridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone, Great Wyrley and Penkridge">Stone, Great Wyrley and Penkridge</a>, formerly <a href="/wiki/South_Staffordshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Staffordshire (UK Parliament constituency)">South Staffordshire</a>, since <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010</a>. Williamson previously served as <a href="/wiki/Government_Chief_Whip" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Chief Whip">Government Chief Whip</a> from 2016 to 2017 and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretary of State for Defence</a> from 2017 to 2019 under May, and as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Secretary of State for Education</a> from 2019 to 2021 under Johnson. </p><p>Williamson was born in <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Scarborough, North Yorkshire</a>, and was educated at <a href="/wiki/Raincliffe_School" title="Raincliffe School">Raincliffe School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scarborough_Sixth_Form_College" title="Scarborough Sixth Form College">Scarborough Sixth Form College</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">University of Bradford</a>. He was chair of a Conservative student body from 1997 to 1998. He served on the <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_County_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yorkshire County Council">North Yorkshire County Council</a> from 2001 to 2005. In the <a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005 general election</a>, he stood to become MP for <a href="/wiki/Blackpool_North_and_Fleetwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackpool North and Fleetwood">Blackpool North and Fleetwood</a>, without success. Williamson was elected as MP for South Staffordshire at the 2010 general election. He served in <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>'s governments as <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Private_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Private Secretary">Parliamentary Private Secretary</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Transport" title="Secretary of State for Transport">Secretary of State for Transport</a>, aiding <a href="/wiki/Patrick_McLoughlin" title="Patrick McLoughlin">Patrick McLoughlin</a>, prior to being appointed <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Private_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister" title="Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister">Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister</a> in October 2013. </p><p>Following Cameron's resignation, Williamson supported <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>'s bid to become Conservative leader; May appointed Williamson as Chief Whip in <a href="/wiki/First_May_ministry" title="First May ministry">her first government</a> in July 2016. He later served as Secretary of State for Defence from November 2017 to May 2019, when he was dismissed following a leak from the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Security Council (United Kingdom)">National Security Council</a>; Williamson denied leaking the information about <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>'s potential involvement in the British <a href="/wiki/5G_network" class="mw-redirect" title="5G network">5G network</a>. After supporting <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>'s campaign to succeed May as Conservative leader, Williamson returned to the cabinet as Secretary of State for Education in July 2019. He served in the role during the early part of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, including times when schools were closed to most children, and was criticised for the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy" title="2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy">2020 school exam grading controversy</a>. In September 2021, he was dismissed as Education Secretary when Johnson <a href="/wiki/2021_British_cabinet_reshuffle" title="2021 British cabinet reshuffle">reshuffled his cabinet</a>. He was subsequently nominated by Johnson for a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">knighthood</a>, which he obtained in March 2022. </p><p>Williamson supported <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a> in his two attempts to become Conservative leader; following Sunak's <a href="/wiki/October_2022_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="October 2022 Conservative Party leadership election">election in October 2022</a>, he appointed Williamson as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_without_Portfolio" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State without Portfolio">Minister of State without Portfolio</a>. In November 2022 Williamson resigned, stating he wanted to clear his name "of any wrongdoing" in relation to allegations, which he "strenuously denied", of him having bullied former Chief Whip <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Morton" title="Wendy Morton">Wendy Morton</a> and of bullying behaviour previously during his own tenure as Chief Whip and as Defence Secretary. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Williamson was born in <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Scarborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a>. His father Ray was a <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">local government</a> worker, and his mother Beverly worked in a <a href="/wiki/Jobcentre_Plus" title="Jobcentre Plus">job centre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were both <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> voters.<sup id="cite_ref-newstatesman.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newstatesman.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended <a href="/wiki/East_Ayton" title="East Ayton">East Ayton</a> Primary School and for his <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Education in the United Kingdom">secondary education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raincliffe_School" title="Raincliffe School">Raincliffe School</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school_(England_and_Wales)" title="Comprehensive school (England and Wales)">comprehensive</a>. He studied <a href="/wiki/A-Level" class="mw-redirect" title="A-Level">A-Levels</a> in History, Economics, and Government and Politics at <a href="/wiki/Scarborough_Sixth_Form_College" title="Scarborough Sixth Form College">Scarborough Sixth Form College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1994 to 1997, he completed a <a href="/wiki/BSc" class="mw-redirect" title="BSc">BSc</a> in <a href="/wiki/Social_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Sciences">Social Sciences</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">University of Bradford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Williamson was national chair of <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Collegiate_Forum" title="Conservative Collegiate Forum">Conservative Students</a> in 1997, the penultimate chair before it was merged into <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Future" title="Conservative Future">Conservative Future</a> in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As chair he accused the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Union of Students (United Kingdom)">National Union of Students</a> (NUS) of acting like a "branch of the Labour Party".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, he was elected as the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> county councillor for <a href="/wiki/Seamer,_Scarborough" title="Seamer, Scarborough">Seamer</a> division in <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_County_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yorkshire County Council">North Yorkshire</a>. In 2003, he was appointed as the County Council's "Young People's Champion". He did not stand for re-election in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Williamson is a former deputy chairman of Staffordshire Area Conservatives, chairman of Stoke-on-Trent Conservative Association and vice-chairman of Derbyshire Dales Conservative Association.<sup id="cite_ref-southstaffordshireconservatives.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southstaffordshireconservatives.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Williamson worked as a manager in fireplace manufacturer Elgin & Hall, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Aga_Rangemaster_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Aga Rangemaster Group">AGA</a>, until 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-Kentish_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kentish-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Syal_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syal-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Williamson had become managing director of <a href="/wiki/Aynsley_China" title="Aynsley China">Aynsley China</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire-based</a> pottery firm by 2005. It sold ceramic tableware and he later became co-owner. In April 2005, Williamson was quoted in reports on the consumer rush to buy items with the wrong wedding date on for <a href="/wiki/Charles_and_Camilla%27s_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles and Camilla's wedding">Charles and Camilla's wedding</a>. He told <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>, "We've literally had fights in our own retail shops. On the first day after the announcement I went into our factory shop in Stoke-on-Trent and we had people fighting over the last plate that we had on the shop floor. I think everybody has decided that this is going to be their pension."<sup id="cite_ref-BBC1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-conservativehome.blogs.com_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conservativehome.blogs.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has also worked for NPS North West Limited, an architectural design firm, until he became an MP in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-About_Gavin_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_Gavin-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-politics-bio_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politics-bio-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005 general election</a>, he stood unsuccessfully as the Conservative Party candidate in <a href="/wiki/Blackpool_North_and_Fleetwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackpool North and Fleetwood">Blackpool North and Fleetwood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-conservativehome.blogs.com_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conservativehome.blogs.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 2005, Williamson moved to Derbyshire.<sup id="cite_ref-conservativehome.blogs.com_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conservativehome.blogs.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliamentary_career">Parliamentary career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Parliamentary career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Mattis,_Jens_Stoltenberg_and_Gavin_Williamson_171108-D-GY869-142_(26487861869).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/James_Mattis%2C_Jens_Stoltenberg_and_Gavin_Williamson_171108-D-GY869-142_%2826487861869%29.jpg/220px-James_Mattis%2C_Jens_Stoltenberg_and_Gavin_Williamson_171108-D-GY869-142_%2826487861869%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/James_Mattis%2C_Jens_Stoltenberg_and_Gavin_Williamson_171108-D-GY869-142_%2826487861869%29.jpg/330px-James_Mattis%2C_Jens_Stoltenberg_and_Gavin_Williamson_171108-D-GY869-142_%2826487861869%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/James_Mattis%2C_Jens_Stoltenberg_and_Gavin_Williamson_171108-D-GY869-142_%2826487861869%29.jpg/440px-James_Mattis%2C_Jens_Stoltenberg_and_Gavin_Williamson_171108-D-GY869-142_%2826487861869%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3419" data-file-height="2735" /></a><figcaption>Williamson (right) meets with US Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Jim_Mattis" title="Jim Mattis">Jim Mattis</a> and NATO Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> in Brussels in November 2017</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_parliamentary_career_(2010–2011)"><span id="Early_parliamentary_career_.282010.E2.80.932011.29"></span>Early parliamentary career (2010–2011)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early parliamentary career (2010–2011)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2010, Williamson was selected as the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> candidate in <a href="/wiki/South_Staffordshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Staffordshire (UK Parliament constituency)">South Staffordshire</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incumbent, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cormack" title="Patrick Cormack">Patrick Cormack</a>, had announced that he was retiring. The selection went to five ballots, but in the end Williamson won over local councillor Robert Light in the final ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Williamson was subsequently elected with a majority of 16,590 votes. Shortly after being elected, he cited his political inspiration as <a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Rab Butler</a> and, when asked what department of any he would most like to lead, he said the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skills" title="Department for Business, Innovation and Skills">Department for Business, Innovation and Skills</a> as it is "business and manufacturing that can lead the way out of difficult economic times".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Williamson made his maiden speech on 8 June 2010, on the same day as <a href="/wiki/Nicky_Morgan" title="Nicky Morgan">Nicky Morgan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kwasi_Kwarteng" title="Kwasi Kwarteng">Kwasi Kwarteng</a>. During his speech, he said that "We do not sing enough the praises of our designers, engineers and manufacturers. We need to change that ethos and have a similar one to that of Germany or Japan. We will have a truly vibrant economy only when we recreate the Victorian spirit of ingenuity and inventiveness that made Britain such a vibrant country, as I am sure it will be again."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Williamson campaigned on a number of issues in his first year in Parliament. </p><p>In July 2010, Williamson called for a new law to allow local authorities to clamp down on <a href="/wiki/Car_boot_sale" title="Car boot sale">car boot sales</a> that disrupted traffic flow, citing villages in his constituency as examples.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2011, he expressed support for postwoman Julie Roberts, who had been suspended after clinging for over a mile onto the bonnet of her post van that had been stolen. He said that "People want her back in work and they want the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mail" title="Royal Mail">Royal Mail</a> to show some common sense and some common decency" and asked the Royal Mail to reinstate her into her old job.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Williamson was one of several MPs who was absent or abstained on 21 March 2011 vote on supporting UN-backed action in Libya. The vote ultimately passed 557–13.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_Private_Secretary_(2011–2016)"><span id="Parliamentary_Private_Secretary_.282011.E2.80.932016.29"></span>Parliamentary Private Secretary (2011–2016)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Parliamentary Private Secretary (2011–2016)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2011, Williamson was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Private_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Private Secretary">Parliamentary Private Secretary</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Office" title="Northern Ireland Office">minister of state for Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Swire" title="Hugo Swire">Hugo Swire</a>. He replaced <a href="/wiki/Conor_Burns" title="Conor Burns">Conor Burns</a>, who became <a href="/wiki/Owen_Paterson" title="Owen Paterson">Owen Paterson</a>'s new PPS.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2012, Williamson became PPS to <a href="/wiki/Patrick_McLoughlin" title="Patrick McLoughlin">Patrick McLoughlin</a>, Secretary of State for Transport, and in 2013 became PPS to the prime minister, <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Parliament, Williamson was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Affairs_Select_Committee" title="Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee">Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee</a> and was Chair of the <a href="/wiki/All_Party_Parliamentary_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="All Party Parliamentary Group">All Party Parliamentary Group</a> on <a href="/wiki/Motor_Neurone_Disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Neurone Disease">Motor Neurone Disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-About_Gavin_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_Gavin-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Williamson supported the United Kingdom's remain campaign during the <a href="/wiki/2016_EU_membership_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 EU membership referendum">2016 EU membership referendum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thespectatorwhichtorympsbackbrexit_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thespectatorwhichtorympsbackbrexit-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chief_Whip_(2016–2017)"><span id="Chief_Whip_.282016.E2.80.932017.29"></span>Chief Whip (2016–2017)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chief Whip (2016–2017)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron's</a> resignation, Williamson "privately vowed" to stop the front-runner <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> from becoming Conservative Party leader. He assessed <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> to be the likeliest candidate to defeat Johnson, offered his help to her, and was invited to be her parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Campaign_manager" title="Campaign manager">campaign manager</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newstatesman.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newstatesman.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When May became prime minister, Williamson was appointed <a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip" title="Chief Whip">Chief Whip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93DUP_agreement" title="Conservative–DUP agreement">Conservative–DUP agreement</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 general election</a>, Williamson visited <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> to discuss arrangements with the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">DUP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-itvwhoisthemostpowerfulperson_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itvwhoisthemostpowerfulperson-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defence_Secretary_(2017–2019)"><span id="Defence_Secretary_.282017.E2.80.932019.29"></span>Defence Secretary (2017–2019)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Defence Secretary (2017–2019)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Williamson was appointed <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretary of State for Defence</a> on 2 November 2017 after the resignation of Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fallon" title="Michael Fallon">Michael Fallon</a> the preceding evening.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2018, Williamson dined with Lubov Chernukhin, the wife of a former Putin minister, in exchange for a £30,000 donation to the Conservative party.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that month, Williamson alleged that the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a>, in meeting a Czech diplomat (later revealed to be a spy) during the 1980s, had "betray[ed]" his country. In response to the statement, a spokesman for Corbyn stated: "Gavin Williamson should focus on his job and not give credence to entirely false and ridiculous smears".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gavin_Williamson_and_James_Mattis_171110-D-GY869-202_(38254472376).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gavin_Williamson_and_James_Mattis_171110-D-GY869-202_%2838254472376%29.jpg/220px-Gavin_Williamson_and_James_Mattis_171110-D-GY869-202_%2838254472376%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gavin_Williamson_and_James_Mattis_171110-D-GY869-202_%2838254472376%29.jpg/330px-Gavin_Williamson_and_James_Mattis_171110-D-GY869-202_%2838254472376%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gavin_Williamson_and_James_Mattis_171110-D-GY869-202_%2838254472376%29.jpg/440px-Gavin_Williamson_and_James_Mattis_171110-D-GY869-202_%2838254472376%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3691" data-file-height="2953" /></a><figcaption>Williamson meeting with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">United States Secretary of Defense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Mattis" title="Jim Mattis">Jim Mattis</a> in 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>Williamson has supported the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabian</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">military intervention in Yemen</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a> despite concerns from human rights activists and Labour MPs about war crimes allegedly committed by the Saudi military.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 March 2018, in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Salisbury poisoning">Salisbury poisoning</a>, Williamson answered a question about Russia's potential response to the UK's punitive measures against Russia by saying that "frankly, Russia should go away, and it should shut up".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major-General <a href="/wiki/Igor_Konashenkov" title="Igor Konashenkov">Igor Konashenkov</a>, the spokesman of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Defence_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Defence Ministry">Russian Defence Ministry</a>, said: "The market wench talk that British defence secretary Gavin Williamson resorted to reflects his extreme intellectual impotency".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Williamson's remark was quoted by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">president of Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a>, who posted a comment on his official Twitter account: "The Kremlin's 'chemical attack' in the UK is nothing but an encroachment on British sovereignty. And our message to Russia is the same as that of British defense secretary Gavin Williamson: 'shut up and go away'."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gavin_Williamson_MSC_2019_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Gavin_Williamson_MSC_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Gavin_Williamson_MSC_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Gavin_Williamson_MSC_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Gavin_Williamson_MSC_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Gavin_Williamson_MSC_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Gavin_Williamson_MSC_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="1963" /></a><figcaption>Williamson during the <a href="/wiki/Munich_Security_Conference" title="Munich Security Conference">MSC</a> 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2018, Williamson expressed "grave" and "very deep concerns" about the Chinese telecommunications company <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a> providing technology to upgrade Britain's services to <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a>. He accused China of acting "sometimes in a malign way".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China">China's Defence Ministry</a> spokesman <a href="/wiki/Wu_Qian_(military_officer)" title="Wu Qian (military officer)">Wu Qian</a> criticised Williamson's comments, saying: "The remarks just reinforced the deep-rooted ignorance, prejudice and anxiety among some British people."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 February 2019, Williamson delivered the speech "Defence in Global Britain" at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_United_Services_Institute" title="Royal United Services Institute">Royal United Services Institute</a> outlining the future direction of the British armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The speech, among other things, outlined plans to send Britain's new aircraft carrier to the Pacific;<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Chinese Government in turn cancelled trade talks with Chancellor of the Exchequer <a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Philip Hammond</a> and prompted Hammond to state that the decision to deploy the aircraft carrier was premature.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20190221_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20190221-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mail_on_Sunday" title="The Mail on Sunday">The Mail on Sunday</a></i> quoted an unnamed ally of Hammond comparing Williamson to <a href="/wiki/Private_Pike" title="Private Pike">Private Pike</a>, a hapless character in the television sitcom <i> <a href="/wiki/Dad%27s_Army" title="Dad's Army">Dad's Army</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 May 2019, Williamson was asked to resign from his position as Defence Secretary, following the leaking of confidential <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Security Council (United Kingdom)">National Security Council</a> information related to <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>'s potential involvement in the UK's 5G network.<sup id="cite_ref-bbchua_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbchua-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He refused to resign because he felt this would incriminate him and be seen as an admission that he was responsible for the leak, and was therefore sacked.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theresa May said that she had "compelling evidence" that Williamson had leaked the information and that she had "lost confidence in his ability to serve in his role". Williamson vehemently denied the allegation, saying that he "swore on his children's lives he was not responsible",<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and said that a "thorough and formal inquiry" would have vindicated his position.<sup id="cite_ref-dismissal_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dismissal-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-denial_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denial-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, opposition MPs called for a police investigation into the matter,<sup id="cite_ref-dismissal_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dismissal-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-denial_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denial-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the matter was closed. </p><p>On 10 November 2022 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> reported when <a href="/wiki/Penny_Mordaunt" title="Penny Mordaunt">Penny Mordaunt</a> was defence secretary she had to deal with a security leak and the department believed her predecessor, Williamson caused the leak. There were fears the leak could put "our people's lives at risk". Three sources told <i>the Guardian</i> that the leak was considered so serious Mordaunt was ready to look for a <a href="/wiki/D_notice" class="mw-redirect" title="D notice">D notice</a> to warn media that publishing the information could endanger Britain's national security. Williamson denied leaking the second serious alleged leak. A former government insider said senior Ministry of Defence figures believed at the time that the leak "could only have come from Gavin" and "our people's lives were put at risk by it". They would not discuss the details about the alleged leak, for the same security reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boris_Johnson_Conservative_leadership_campaign_(2019)"><span id="Boris_Johnson_Conservative_leadership_campaign_.282019.29"></span>Boris Johnson Conservative leadership campaign (2019)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Boris Johnson Conservative leadership campaign (2019)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Williamson worked on <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>'s campaign during the <a href="/wiki/2019_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 Conservative Party leadership election">2019 Conservative Party leadership election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Knighthood_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knighthood-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_Secretary_(2019–2021)"><span id="Education_Secretary_.282019.E2.80.932021.29"></span>Education Secretary (2019–2021)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Education Secretary (2019–2021)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Williamson became <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Secretary of State for Education</a> following <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>'s election as Prime Minister on 24 July 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-worst_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worst-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following deplatforming of history professor <a href="/wiki/Selina_Todd" title="Selina Todd">Selina Todd</a> and former Home Secretary <a href="/wiki/Amber_Rudd" title="Amber Rudd">Amber Rudd</a> by student societies at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a>, in March 2020 Williamson called for "robust action" to enforce free speech codes, and stated that the government would intervene to protect freedom of speech at universities if they failed to do so themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i> reported that Williamson's department had drafted legislation to "strengthen academic freedom and free speech in universities".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Williamson brought forward the legislation, titled the <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_(Freedom_of_Speech)_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Bill">Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Bill</a>, in May 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early in the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the Prime Minister announced schools in England were to be closed to most children from 20 March 2020 until further notice. He said that exams in that academic year would not go ahead.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 January 2021, Williamson announced GCSE, AS and A-Level exams would once again not go ahead for students in the academic year, being replaced with teacher assessed grades.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 September 2021, Williamson was dismissed as Education Secretary when Johnson <a href="/wiki/2021_British_cabinet_reshuffle" title="2021 British cabinet reshuffle">reshuffled</a> his cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exams_controversy">Exams controversy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Exams controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy" title="2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy">2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy</a></div> <p>In August 2020, he apologised to schoolchildren for the disruption in the COVID-19 pandemic. He said "...where we haven't got everything great, of course, I'm incredibly sorry for that". There was considerable concern over the <a href="/wiki/A-Level" class="mw-redirect" title="A-Level">A-Level</a> results which, due to all exams having been cancelled in 2020, were based on <a href="/wiki/Ofqual" title="Ofqual">Ofqual</a>-moderated teacher assessments rather than on moderated exam results.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-53750864_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-53750864-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20200812_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20200812-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 39% of results were below the teacher assessment (compared to 79% in 2019) – Ofqual accused some teachers of submitting "implausibly high" predictions.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ofqual rescinded the advice it had given on how the appeals system would operate.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph-20200816a_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-20200816a-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-telegraph-20200816b_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-20200816b-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> reported that Williamson had repeatedly defended the algorithm method as the fairest way to produce grades avoiding grade inflation, though several Ofqual board members had come to believe the algorithm method had been shown to be politically unacceptable.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph-20200817a_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-20200817a-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 August 2020, Ofqual and Williamson announced that the algorithm method for calculating A Level results would be abandoned, and teacher assessments would be used instead, after pressure from within the Conservative Party and the claim that they had lost the confidence of the teaching profession. There were calls for Williamson to resign, for what <i>The Daily Telegraph</i> called "the fiasco". University admission caps were relaxed, as places had already been allocated based on the algorithm results and the change meant many more students would now meet their first-choice university admission offer grades. Teacher assessment would also be used instead of the Ofqual algorithm for <a href="/wiki/GCSE" title="GCSE">GCSE</a> results due to be announced three days later. </p><p>In January 2021, GCSE exams were cancelled. The education secretary stated that schools can use optional exams to decide their students' grades. In April 2021, Williamson said that a mobile phone policy ban would be introduced in schools; he also commented that students' behaviour had become worse over the period of lockdown in January. This comment was criticised by some parents, teachers, and headteachers, claiming that "schools already had bans in place" and that Williamson was "not focusing on important matters".<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph-20200817b_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-20200817b-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc-20200818_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-20200818-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Backbenches_(2021–2022)"><span id="Backbenches_.282021.E2.80.932022.29"></span>Backbenches (2021–2022)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Backbenches (2021–2022)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Williamson returned to the backbenches after his dismissal as Education Secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Williamson helped <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a> gain support among Conservative MPs during his failed leadership bid in the <a href="/wiki/July-September_2022_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="July-September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election">July-September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Williamson again supported Sunak in the <a href="/wiki/October_2022_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="October 2022 Conservative Party leadership election">October 2022 Conservative Party leadership election</a>, which he won unopposed.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_State_without_Portfolio_(2022)"><span id="Minister_of_State_without_Portfolio_.282022.29"></span>Minister of State without Portfolio (2022)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Minister of State without Portfolio (2022)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2022, Williamson was appointed <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_without_Portfolio" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State without Portfolio">Minister of State without Portfolio</a>, a cabinet position, by new Prime Minister Rishi Sunak.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Allegations_of_bullying_and_resignation">Allegations of bullying and resignation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Allegations of bullying and resignation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was reported by <a href="/wiki/Tortoise_Media" title="Tortoise Media">Tortoise Media</a> on 4 November 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-learmonth_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-learmonth-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-neilan_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neilan-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by other news media, that in October 2022 <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Morton" title="Wendy Morton">Wendy Morton</a> had made a formal complaint to the Conservative Party about text messages that Williamson had sent her on 13 September, during her tenure as <a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip" title="Chief Whip">Chief Whip</a> under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a>; Morton confirmed that she had submitted a complaint.<sup id="cite_ref-neilan_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neilan-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i> subsequently published Williamson's WhatsApp messages to Morton in full.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was also reported that former Conservative chairman Jake Berry had warned <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a>, the prime minister, that a complaint about Williamson had been made during a private meeting. Sunak later acknowledged he knew of concerns but had not seen the specific texts, which he deemed "unacceptable". In one <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a> message, Williamson indicated his frustration that he had not received an invite to the <a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="State funeral of Elizabeth II">state funeral of Elizabeth II</a>, telling Morton "There is a price for everything", before describing her conduct as "absolutely disgusting". He said she had chosen to "fuck us all over". When challenged he responded that it looked "very shit" and that "perception becomes reality".<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian6/11/2022_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian6/11/2022-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A source, reported on 4 November 2022, said Williamson had not been told by the party of the formal complaint, but that he "strongly refutes these allegations", and would be "very happy to share all communications with the former chief whip with <a href="/wiki/CCHQ" class="mw-redirect" title="CCHQ">CCHQ</a> [Conservative Campaign Headquarters] if needed".<sup id="cite_ref-adu_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adu-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-learmonth_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-learmonth-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 November 2022 cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Dowden" title="Oliver Dowden">Oliver Dowden</a> said that the messages to Morton had been sent "in the heat of the moment" and "should not have been sent".<sup id="cite_ref-bbc6/11/2022_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc6/11/2022-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Williamson's messages included angry complaints that MPs who were not "favoured" by Liz Truss were being excluded from Queen Elizabeth's funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian6/11/2022_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian6/11/2022-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labour's <a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Ed Miliband</a> said Williamson's reappointment was not in the public interest.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labour leader <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> called for Sunak to sack Williamson over the messages.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian6/11/2022_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian6/11/2022-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 November 2022, <i>The Guardian</i> wrote that a current minister told <i>The Times</i> that Williamson called her to his office at a time she was campaigning about a politically sensitive matter and raised an issue about her private life "which she interpreted as a tacit threat". Unnamed "allies" of Williamson said it was not a threat, but was raised in a "pastoral capacity".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 November 2022 Williamson denied accusations, reported in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, that he had used bullying language when he was Defence Secretary and had, on one occasion, told an unnamed senior civil servant at the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> to "slit your throat", and on another, to "jump out of the window". It was alleged that he had made the remarks with other civil servants present and the civil servant felt there was a sustained campaign of bullying. The unnamed source said that Williamson had "deliberately demeaned and intimidated" them. In a statement, Williamson said: "I strongly reject this allegation and have enjoyed good working relationships with the many brilliant officials I have worked with across government". <i>The Guardian</i> understood that Williamson did not deny using "those specific words".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-denies_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denies-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former civil servant stated they would take matters to the <a href="/wiki/ICGS" class="mw-redirect" title="ICGS">ICGS</a> due to the "extreme impact" the incidents had on their mental health.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 7 November 2022 friends of Morton had told the BBC that she had not received an apology or any contact from Williamson. Rishi Sunak said the language used was "not acceptable", but said he still had confidence in Williamson.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 November Morton referred Williamson to the parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Independent_Complaints_and_Grievance_Scheme" title="Independent Complaints and Grievance Scheme">Independent Complaints and Grievance Scheme</a>. Chair of the Labour Party <a href="/wiki/Anneliese_Dodds" title="Anneliese Dodds">Anneliese Dodds</a> said Morton's decision to report Williamson showed a "lack of faith in the Conservative Party complaints process".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 November 2022 Williamson resigned, stating he "refutes the characterisation of these claims" and that he was resigning to avoid becoming a distraction for the government and to enable him to "comply fully with the complaints process that is underway and clear my name of any wrongdoing".<sup id="cite_ref-auto_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 November 2022 two more sources told <i>The Guardian</i> that, when he was Chief Whip, Williamson was heard joking or boasting about how his tactics affected the mental health of people he worked with. <a href="/wiki/Anne_Milton" title="Anne Milton">Anne Milton</a> told <i><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_News" title="Channel 4 News">Channel 4 News</a></i> that Williamson had used MPs' mental and physical health problems against them, and had collected "salacious gossip" about their "sexual preferences". Milton said that Williamson sent her an email, responding to a female civil servant asking about a minister having to alter travel plans to attend a vote, "Always tell them to fuck off and if they have the bollocks to come and see me. Fuck jumped up civil servants." Milton added "It's an image he cultivates. I think he feels that he's <a href="/wiki/Francis_Urquhart" title="Francis Urquhart">Francis Urquhart</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_(British_TV_series)" title="House of Cards (British TV series)">House of Cards</a></i>."<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Milton accused Williamson of creating a culture of fear for Conservative MPs by using gossip over their drinking, sex lives or mental health as "leverage" to keep control. Milton thought Sunak's decision to reappoint Williamson was "probably a bit naïve. I don't know that there are many people that would hang out the bunting to see Gavin Williamson back in government."<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Questions" title="Prime Minister's Questions">Prime Minister's Questions</a> on 9 November 2022 <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a> said it was "absolutely right" that Williamson had resigned and said: "I obviously regret appointing someone who has had to resign in these circumstances". An unnamed senior Conservative MP told <i><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></i> it had always been well known that Williamson was a bully.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 November 2022 the <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i> reported that several other Conservative MPs would have been ready to make formal complaints to Conservative head office over Williamson if he had not resigned. According to the <i>BBC</i> two formal complaints were submitted to the Independent Complaints and Grievance Scheme (ICGS). <a href="/wiki/Jake_Berry" title="Jake Berry">Jake Berry</a> stated he told Sunak about Morton's complaint on 24 October, one day before Williamson was appointed.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 September 2023 Williamson was told by a Parliamentary independent expert panel to apologise to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons" title="House of Commons">House of Commons</a> and to take behavioural training. The panel concluded that he had abused his power when he sent Morton text messages in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Backbencher_in_opposition">Backbencher in opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Backbencher in opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a>, Williamson's previous seat of South Staffordshire was split, with Williamson being selected as the Conservative candidate for the newly formed constituency of <a href="/wiki/Stone,_Great_Wyrley_and_Penkridge_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Stone, Great Wyrley and Penkridge (UK Parliament constituency)">Stone, Warley and Penkridge</a>. Philip Catney, a senior politics lecturer at <a href="/wiki/Keele_University" title="Keele University">Keele University</a> then described the newly-formed constituency as a safe seat, with a Conservative MP being "guaranteed a job for life".<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Williamson won the election with a majority of 5,466 votes. </p><p>Following the 2024 general election, Williamson as a backbencher spearheaded several amendments to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_(Hereditary_Peers)_Bill" title="House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Bill">House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Bill</a> which would additionally abolish the <a href="/wiki/Lords_Spiritual" title="Lords Spiritual">Lords Spiritual</a> from the House of Lords.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Williamson married Joanne Eland, a former primary school teacher, in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple have two daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-southstaffordshireconservatives.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southstaffordshireconservatives.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a trustee of a local <a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_Advice_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizen's Advice Bureau">Citizen's Advice Bureau</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/School_governor" title="School governor">school governor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-About_Gavin_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_Gavin-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is an <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Williamson is a patron of the World Owl Trust and while Government Chief Whip kept a <a href="/wiki/Brachypelma_hamorii" title="Brachypelma hamorii">Mexican redknee tarantula</a>, which he named Cronus, in his parliamentary office,<sup id="cite_ref-BBC1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for which he was criticised by parliamentary authorities in November 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2018, it was reported that while managing director of fireplace firm Elgin & Hall in 2004, Williamson had an affair with a married colleague.<sup id="cite_ref-Kentish_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kentish-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Syal_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syal-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He discussed the affair in an interview with the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i> which he called a "dreadful mistake".<sup id="cite_ref-Kentish_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kentish-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a></i> reported that Williamson was subsequently the subject of a meeting with managers;<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph-20180128_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-20180128-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he left the firm days later.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2023, a man was convicted of <a href="/wiki/Stalking" title="Stalking">stalking</a> Williamson; Simon Parry, of no fixed address, had "persistently followed" the MP on two occasions earlier that year.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2015, Williamson was sworn of <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council">Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council</a>, permitting use of the honorific title "<a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Prime_Minister%27s_Resignation_Honours" title="2016 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours">2016 Resignation Honours List</a> of <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>, Williamson was put forward for a <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> (CBE) "for political and public service".<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 March 2022, Williamson was gazetted <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Special_Honours" title="2022 Special Honours">2022 Special Honours</a> for Political Service.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The honour drew disapproval, with Labour's shadow education secretary <a href="/wiki/Bridget_Phillipson" title="Bridget Phillipson">Bridget Phillipson</a> describing Williamson's record as "disgraceful" and the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> calling the knighthood "an insult to every child, parent and teacher who struggled through COVID against the odds".<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investiture of his knighthood was delayed pending an inquiry by <a href="/wiki/Sue_Gray_(civil_servant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sue Gray (civil servant)">Sue Gray</a> into <a href="/wiki/Partygate" title="Partygate">alleged COVID-19 lockdown breaches in Downing Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Knighthood_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knighthood-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BBC1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-41841887">"Profile: Who is Gavin Williamson, the new defence secretary?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180126230537/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-41841887">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Who+is+Gavin+Williamson%2C+the+new+defence+secretary%3F&rft.date=2017-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-41841887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cetusnews.com/news/ANDREW-PIERCE-profiles-new-defence-secretary-Gavin-Williamson%C2%A0.SkX7iHtAb.html">"ANDREW PIERCE profiles new defence secretary Gavin Williamson"</a>. Cetusnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180112160657/http://www.cetusnews.com/news/ANDREW-PIERCE-profiles-new-defence-secretary-Gavin-Williamson%C2%A0.SkX7iHtAb.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANDREW+PIERCE+profiles+new+defence+secretary+Gavin+Williamson&rft.pub=Cetusnews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cetusnews.com%2Fnews%2FANDREW-PIERCE-profiles-new-defence-secretary-Gavin-Williamson%25C2%25A0.SkX7iHtAb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newstatesman.com-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newstatesman.com_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newstatesman.com_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaton2017" class="citation web cs1">Eaton, George (7 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/observations/2017/07/gavin-williamson-cunning-tory-chief-whip-tarantula-his-desk/">"Gavin Williamson: the cunning Tory chief whip with a tarantula on his desk"</a>. <i>The New Statesman</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828102927/http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/observations/2017/07/gavin-williamson-cunning-tory-chief-whip-tarantula-his-desk">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson%3A+the+cunning+Tory+chief+whip+with+a+tarantula+on+his+desk&rft.date=2017-07-07&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fculture%2Fobservations%2F2017%2F07%2Fgavin-williamson-cunning-tory-chief-whip-tarantula-his-desk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamden2019" class="citation news cs1">Camden, Billy (1 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://feweek.co.uk/2019/10/01/t-levels-dropped-by-sixth-form-college-ahead-of-2020-launch/">"T-levels dropped by education secretary's former sixth form ahead of 2020 launch"</a>. <i>FE Week</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FE+Week&rft.atitle=T-levels+dropped+by+education+secretary%27s+former+sixth+form+ahead+of+2020+launch&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft.aulast=Camden&rft.aufirst=Billy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffeweek.co.uk%2F2019%2F10%2F01%2Ft-levels-dropped-by-sixth-form-college-ahead-of-2020-launch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U251292/">"Who's Who"</a>. Ukwhoswho.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who&rft.pub=Ukwhoswho.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2Foupww%2Fwhoswho%2FU251292%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/tories-eye-new-members/104151.article">"Tories eye new members"</a>. <i>Times Higher Education</i>. 17 October 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Tories+eye+new+members&rft.date=1997-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fnews%2Ftories-eye-new-members%2F104151.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/conservative-students-fringe-meeting/104014.article">"Conservative Students fringe meeting"</a>. <i>Times Higher Education</i>. 10 October 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Conservative+Students+fringe+meeting&rft.date=1997-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fnews%2Fconservative-students-fringe-meeting%2F104014.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParsons2019" class="citation news cs1">Parsons, Rob (2 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/uk-news/gavin-williamson-could-have-been-prime-minister-says-man-who-replaced-him-north-yorkshire-county-councillor-807282">"Gavin Williamson could have been Prime Minister, says man who replaced him as North Yorkshire county councillor"</a>. <i>The Scarborough News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scarborough+News&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+could+have+been+Prime+Minister%2C+says+man+who+replaced+him+as+North+Yorkshire+county+councillor&rft.date=2019-05-02&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thescarboroughnews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-news%2Fgavin-williamson-could-have-been-prime-minister-says-man-who-replaced-him-north-yorkshire-county-councillor-807282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-southstaffordshireconservatives.com-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-southstaffordshireconservatives.com_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-southstaffordshireconservatives.com_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southstaffsconservatives.org.uk/rt-hon-gavin-williamson-cbe-mp">"The Rt. Hon. Gavin Williamson CBE MP"</a>. South Staffordshire – Conservative Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828012126/https://www.southstaffsconservatives.org.uk/rt-hon-gavin-williamson-cbe-mp">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rt.+Hon.+Gavin+Williamson+CBE+MP&rft.pub=South+Staffordshire+%E2%80%93+Conservative+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southstaffsconservatives.org.uk%2Frt-hon-gavin-williamson-cbe-mp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kentish-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kentish_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kentish_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kentish_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKentih2018" class="citation news cs1">Kentih, Benjamin (26 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/gavin-williamson-cheating-defence-secretary-admit-romance-affair-russia-marriage-wife-a8179056.html">"Gavin Williamson: Tory Defence Secretary admits to 'kissing' trysts with married former colleague"</a>. <i>Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127145707/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/gavin-williamson-cheating-defence-secretary-admit-romance-affair-russia-marriage-wife-a8179056.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson%3A+Tory+Defence+Secretary+admits+to+%27kissing%27+trysts+with+married+former+colleague&rft.date=2018-01-26&rft.aulast=Kentih&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fgavin-williamson-cheating-defence-secretary-admit-romance-affair-russia-marriage-wife-a8179056.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syal-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Syal_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Syal_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyal2018" class="citation news cs1">Syal, Rajeev (26 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jan/26/defence-secretary-questions-relationship-colleague-gavin-williamson">"Defence secretary refuses to answer questions about relationship with past colleague"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127151405/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jan/26/defence-secretary-questions-relationship-colleague-gavin-williamson">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Defence+secretary+refuses+to+answer+questions+about+relationship+with+past+colleague&rft.date=2018-01-26&rft.aulast=Syal&rft.aufirst=Rajeev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2Fjan%2F26%2Fdefence-secretary-questions-relationship-colleague-gavin-williamson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conservativehome.blogs.com-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conservativehome.blogs.com_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conservativehome.blogs.com_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conservativehome.blogs.com_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conservativehome.blogs.com/goldlist/2010/01/gavin-williamson-selected-for-south-staffordshire.html">"ConservativeHome's Seats & Candidates blog: Gavin Williamson selected for South Staffordshire"</a>. Conservativehome.blogs.com. 30 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619101829/http://conservativehome.blogs.com/goldlist/2010/01/gavin-williamson-selected-for-south-staffordshire.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ConservativeHome%27s+Seats+%26+Candidates+blog%3A+Gavin+Williamson+selected+for+South+Staffordshire&rft.pub=Conservativehome.blogs.com&rft.date=2010-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconservativehome.blogs.com%2Fgoldlist%2F2010%2F01%2Fgavin-williamson-selected-for-south-staffordshire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrow2005" class="citation news cs1">Barrow, Becky (9 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1487452/Ebay-bidders-go-wild-for-April-8-memorabilia.html">"Ebay bidders go wild for April 8 memorabilia"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Ebay+bidders+go+wild+for+April+8+memorabilia&rft.date=2005-04-09&rft.aulast=Barrow&rft.aufirst=Becky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1487452%2FEbay-bidders-go-wild-for-April-8-memorabilia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/staffordshire/4411749.stm">"Royal wedding pottery snapped up"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 5 April 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Royal+wedding+pottery+snapped+up&rft.date=2005-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fstaffordshire%2F4411749.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About_Gavin-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-About_Gavin_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_Gavin_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_Gavin_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gavinwilliamson.org/about-gavin">"About Gavin"</a>. <i>Rt. Hon. Gavin Williamson MP</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130613194335/http://www.gavinwilliamson.org/about-gavin">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rt.+Hon.+Gavin+Williamson+MP&rft.atitle=About+Gavin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gavinwilliamson.org%2Fabout-gavin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-politics-bio-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-politics-bio_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politics.co.uk/reference/gavin-williamson">"Gavin Williamson – Biography"</a>. <i>politics.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826074140/http://politics.co.uk/reference/gavin-williamson">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=politics.co.uk&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+%E2%80%93+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politics.co.uk%2Freference%2Fgavin-williamson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120914151805/http://www.conservatives.com/People/Members_of_Parliament/Williamson_Gavin.aspx">"Gavin Williamson MP"</a>. <i>The Conservative Party</i>. 19 July 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conservatives.com/People/Members_of_Parliament/Williamson_Gavin.aspx">the original</a> on 14 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conservative+Party&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+MP&rft.date=2012-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservatives.com%2FPeople%2FMembers_of_Parliament%2FWilliamson_Gavin.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conservativehome.blogs.com/goldlist/2010/01/gavin-williamson-selected-for-south-staffordshire.html">"Gavin Williamson selected for South Staffordshire"</a>. <i>Conservative Home</i>. 30 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservative+Home&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+selected+for+South+Staffordshire&rft.date=2010-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconservativehome.blogs.com%2Fgoldlist%2F2010%2F01%2Fgavin-williamson-selected-for-south-staffordshire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conservativehome.com/parliament/2010/09/gavin-williamson-mp-answers-conhomes-twenty-questions-for-the-class-of-2010.html">"Gavin Williamson MP answers ConHome's Twenty Questions for the Class of 2010"</a>. <i>Conservative Home</i>. 6 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservative+Home&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+MP+answers+ConHome%27s+Twenty+Questions+for+the+Class+of+2010&rft.date=2010-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservativehome.com%2Fparliament%2F2010%2F09%2Fgavin-williamson-mp-answers-conhomes-twenty-questions-for-the-class-of-2010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conservativehome.com/thetorydiary/2010/06/nicky-morgan-and-gavin-williamson-stress-the-importance-of-manufacturing-as-kwasi-kwarteng-uses-his.html">"Nicky Morgan and Gavin Williamson stress the importance of manufacturing as Kwasi Kwarteng uses his maiden speech to accuse Labour MPs of being in 'never-never land'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Conservative Home</i>. 9 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservative+Home&rft.atitle=Nicky+Morgan+and+Gavin+Williamson+stress+the+importance+of+manufacturing+as+Kwasi+Kwarteng+uses+his+maiden+speech+to+accuse+Labour+MPs+of+being+in+%27never-never+land%27&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservativehome.com%2Fthetorydiary%2F2010%2F06%2Fnicky-morgan-and-gavin-williamson-stress-the-importance-of-manufacturing-as-kwasi-kwarteng-uses-his.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatel2010" class="citation news cs1">Patel, Sunita (31 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expressandstar.com/news/2010/07/31/new-law-call-on-car-boot-sales/">"New law call on car boot sales"</a>. <i>Express and Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Express+and+Star&rft.atitle=New+law+call+on+car+boot+sales&rft.date=2010-07-31&rft.aulast=Patel&rft.aufirst=Sunita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.expressandstar.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2F07%2F31%2Fnew-law-call-on-car-boot-sales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/crime/mp-backs-axed-have-a-go-postie-1-3513467">"MP backs axed have-a-go postie"</a>. <i>The Scarborough News</i>. 24 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scarborough+News&rft.atitle=MP+backs+axed+have-a-go+postie&rft.date=2011-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thescarboroughnews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fmp-backs-axed-have-a-go-postie-1-3513467&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-12816279">"The full list of how MPs voted on Libya action"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 22 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+full+list+of+how+MPs+voted+on+Libya+action&rft.date=2011-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-12816279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epolitix.com/latestnews/article-detail/newsarticle/gavin-williamson-appointed-pps/">"PoliticsHome.com"</a>. <i>PoliticsHome</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111029154319/http://www.epolitix.com/latestnews/article-detail/newsarticle/gavin-williamson-appointed-pps/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PoliticsHome&rft.atitle=PoliticsHome.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epolitix.com%2Flatestnews%2Farticle-detail%2Fnewsarticle%2Fgavin-williamson-appointed-pps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/35247.stm">"Gavin Williamson MP"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102104216/http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/35247.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+MP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fdemocracylive%2Fhi%2Frepresentatives%2Fprofiles%2F35247.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thespectatorwhichtorympsbackbrexit-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thespectatorwhichtorympsbackbrexit_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodenough2016" class="citation news cs1">Goodenough, Tom (16 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2016/02/which-tory-mps-back-brexit-who-doesnt-and-who-is-still-on-the-fence/">"Which Tory MPs back Brexit, who doesn't and who is still on the fence?"</a>. <i>The Spectator</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203120144/http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2016/02/which-tory-mps-back-brexit-who-doesnt-and-who-is-still-on-the-fence/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=Which+Tory+MPs+back+Brexit%2C+who+doesn%27t+and+who+is+still+on+the+fence%3F&rft.date=2016-02-16&rft.aulast=Goodenough&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.spectator.co.uk%2F2016%2F02%2Fwhich-tory-mps-back-brexit-who-doesnt-and-who-is-still-on-the-fence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaidment2018" class="citation news cs1">Maidment, Jack (11 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/02/gavin-williamson-meteoric-rise-tarantula-owning-remain-voting/">"Gavin Williamson: The meteoric rise of the tarantula-owning, Remain-voting Tory who has been appointed Defence Secretary"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171102203637/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/02/gavin-williamson-meteoric-rise-tarantula-owning-remain-voting/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson%3A+The+meteoric+rise+of+the+tarantula-owning%2C+Remain-voting+Tory+who+has+been+appointed+Defence+Secretary&rft.date=2018-01-11&rft.aulast=Maidment&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2017%2F11%2F02%2Fgavin-williamson-meteoric-rise-tarantula-owning-remain-voting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolder2016" class="citation web cs1">Holder, Bev (21 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.herefordtimes.com/news/regional/14756008.Kinver_s_MP_Gavin_Williamson_talks_frankly_about_new_Chief_Whip_role/">"Kinver's MP Gavin Williamson talks frankly about new Chief Whip role"</a>. <i>Stourbridge News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107020956/http://www.herefordtimes.com/news/regional/14756008.Kinver_s_MP_Gavin_Williamson_talks_frankly_about_new_Chief_Whip_role/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stourbridge+News&rft.atitle=Kinver%27s+MP+Gavin+Williamson+talks+frankly+about+new+Chief+Whip+role&rft.date=2016-09-21&rft.aulast=Holder&rft.aufirst=Bev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.herefordtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fregional%2F14756008.Kinver_s_MP_Gavin_Williamson_talks_frankly_about_new_Chief_Whip_role%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGimson2016" class="citation web cs1">Gimson, Andrew (14 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conservativehome.com/highlights/2016/09/profile-gavin-williamson-the-baby-faced-assassin-who-is-now-chief-whip.html">"Profile: Gavin Williamson, the 'baby-faced assassin' who is nowChief Whip"</a>. <i>Conservative Home</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170608230020/http://www.conservativehome.com/highlights/2016/09/profile-gavin-williamson-the-baby-faced-assassin-who-is-now-chief-whip.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conservative+Home&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Gavin+Williamson%2C+the+%27baby-faced+assassin%27+who+is+nowChief+Whip&rft.date=2016-09-14&rft.aulast=Gimson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservativehome.com%2Fhighlights%2F2016%2F09%2Fprofile-gavin-williamson-the-baby-faced-assassin-who-is-now-chief-whip.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-itvwhoisthemostpowerfulperson-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-itvwhoisthemostpowerfulperson_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itv.com/news/2017-06-11/who-is-the-most-powerful-person-in-britain/">"Who is the most powerful person in Britain?"</a>. <i>ITV</i>. 11 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170611150824/http://www.itv.com/news/2017-06-11/who-is-the-most-powerful-person-in-britain/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ITV&rft.atitle=Who+is+the+most+powerful+person+in+Britain%3F&rft.date=2017-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2Fnews%2F2017-06-11%2Fwho-is-the-most-powerful-person-in-britain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/michael-fallon-uk-defense-secretary-resigns/">"Theresa May appoints Gavin Williamson as defense secretary"</a>. <i>POLITICO</i>. 1 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171101233713/https://www.politico.eu/article/michael-fallon-uk-defense-secretary-resigns/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=Theresa+May+appoints+Gavin+Williamson+as+defense+secretary&rft.date=2017-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fmichael-fallon-uk-defense-secretary-resigns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-41844320">"Williamson is named defence secretary"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171102212620/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-41844320">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Williamson+is+named+defence+secretary&rft.date=2017-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-41844320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-tennis-russian-billionaire-putin-minister-tory-donation-a8261871.html">"Boris Johnson defends playing tennis with wife of Putin's ex-minister in return for £160,000 Tory donation"</a>. <i>Independent</i>. 18 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=Boris+Johnson+defends+playing+tennis+with+wife+of+Putin%27s+ex-minister+in+return+for+%C2%A3160%2C000+Tory+donation&rft.date=2018-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fboris-johnson-tennis-russian-billionaire-putin-minister-tory-donation-a8261871.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2018" class="citation news cs1">Fisher, Lucy (15 February 2018). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/corbyn-spy-row-shows-he-can-t-be-trusted-says-gavin-williamson-9xgq8lrc8">"Jeremy Corbyn 'can't be trusted' after claims he met Soviet spy, says Gavin Williamson"</a></span>. <i>The Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460">0140-0460</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Jeremy+Corbyn+%27can%27t+be+trusted%27+after+claims+he+met+Soviet+spy%2C+says+Gavin+Williamson&rft.date=2018-02-15&rft.issn=0140-0460&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fcorbyn-spy-row-shows-he-can-t-be-trusted-says-gavin-williamson-9xgq8lrc8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/uk-saudi-arabia-yemen-bombing-campaigns-mohammed-bin-salman-crown-prince-visit-theresa-may-cabinet-a8244136.html">UK Government must be held accountable for children killed during Saudi Arabia's Yemen bombing, says Labour</a>". <i>Independent.</i> 7 March 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/09/world/middleeast/uk-saudi-arms-jets-yemen.html">Britain to Sell Jets to Saudis Despite Conduct of Yemen War</a>". <i>The New York Times.</i> 9 March 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerrick2018" class="citation news cs1">Merrick, Rob (15 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/gavin-williamson-putin-russia-spies-response-british-diplomats-expel-salisbury-defence-secretary-a8257136.html">"Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson tells Putin to 'go away and shut up' rather than expel British diplomats from Russia"</a>. <i>Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=Defence+Secretary+Gavin+Williamson+tells+Putin+to+%27go+away+and+shut+up%27+rather+than+expel+British+diplomats+from+Russia&rft.date=2018-03-15&rft.aulast=Merrick&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fgavin-williamson-putin-russia-spies-response-british-diplomats-expel-salisbury-defence-secretary-a8257136.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCecilMurphyStewart2018" class="citation news cs1">Cecil, Nicholas; Murphy, Joe; Stewart, Will (16 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/russians-taunt-gavin-williamson-the-wench-as-west-is-united-a3791831.html">"Russians taunt 'Gavin Williamson the wench' as West is united"</a>. <i>London Evening Standard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Russians+taunt+%27Gavin+Williamson+the+wench%27+as+West+is+united&rft.date=2018-03-16&rft.aulast=Cecil&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Joe&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Frussians-taunt-gavin-williamson-the-wench-as-west-is-united-a3791831.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvzvezda.ru/news/vstrane_i_mire/content/201803152110-tc86.htm">В Минобороны прокомментировали грубый выпад главы британского военного ведомства в адрес России</a> <a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(TV_channel)" title="Zvezda (TV channel)">TV Zvezda</a>, 15 March 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/politics/10045706-poroshenko-joins-britain-urging-russia-to-shut-up-and-go-away.html">Poroshenko joins Britain urging Russia to "shut up and go away"</a> unian.info, 17 March 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-46690627">"Huawei: 'Deep concerns' over firm's role in UK 5G upgrade"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 27 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Huawei%3A+%27Deep+concerns%27+over+firm%27s+role+in+UK+5G+upgrade&rft.date=2018-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-46690627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2179833/czech-prime-minister-hits-back-chinese-diplomats-huawei-claims">"Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babiš hits back at Chinese diplomats' Huawei and ZTE claims"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 29 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Czech+Prime+Minister+Andrej+Babi%C5%A1+hits+back+at+Chinese+diplomats%27+Huawei+and+ZTE+claims&rft.date=2018-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fdiplomacy%2Farticle%2F2179833%2Fczech-prime-minister-hits-back-chinese-diplomats-huawei-claims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/defence-in-global-britain">"Speech Defence in Global Britain"</a>. <i>Ministry of Defence GOV.UK</i>. 11 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Defence+GOV.UK&rft.atitle=Speech+Defence+in+Global+Britain&rft.date=2019-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fspeeches%2Fdefence-in-global-britain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2019" class="citation news cs1">James, William (10 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-defence/post-brexit-britain-ready-to-use-hard-power-defense-minister-idUSKCN1Q000F">"Post-Brexit Britain ready to use 'hard power': defense minister"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Post-Brexit+Britain+ready+to+use+%27hard+power%27%3A+defense+minister&rft.date=2019-02-10&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-britain-eu-defence%2Fpost-brexit-britain-ready-to-use-hard-power-defense-minister-idUSKCN1Q000F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214120452/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-china-talks/china-cancels-trade-talks-with-uk-in-protest-over-defence-secretarys-speech-the-sun-idUKKCN1Q314G">"China cancels trade talks with UK in protest over defence secretary's speech"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 14 February 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-china-talks/china-cancels-trade-talks-with-uk-in-protest-over-defence-secretarys-speech-the-sun-idUKKCN1Q314G">the original</a> on 14 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=China+cancels+trade+talks+with+UK+in+protest+over+defence+secretary%27s+speech&rft.date=2019-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-britain-china-talks%2Fchina-cancels-trade-talks-with-uk-in-protest-over-defence-secretarys-speech-the-sun-idUKKCN1Q314G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-20190221-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian-20190221_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerraudin2019" class="citation news cs1">Perraudin, Frances (21 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/feb/21/hammond-uk-china-relations-not-made-simpler-by-williamson">"Hammond: UK-China relations 'not made simpler' by Williamson"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hammond%3A+UK-China+relations+%27not+made+simpler%27+by+Williamson&rft.date=2019-02-21&rft.aulast=Perraudin&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F21%2Fhammond-uk-china-relations-not-made-simpler-by-williamson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeffman2017" class="citation news cs1">Zeffman, Henry (4 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/philip-hammond-s-allies-take-aim-at-private-pike-minister-gavin-williamson-777z808w5">"Philip Hammond's allies take aim at 'Private Pike' minister Gavin Williamson"</a>. <i>The Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Philip+Hammond%27s+allies+take+aim+at+%27Private+Pike%27+minister+Gavin+Williamson&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft.aulast=Zeffman&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fphilip-hammond-s-allies-take-aim-at-private-pike-minister-gavin-williamson-777z808w5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbchua-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbchua_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-48297407">"Huawei role in UK 5G network an unnecessary risk, ex-MI6 chief says"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 16 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Huawei+role+in+UK+5G+network+an+unnecessary+risk%2C+ex-MI6+chief+says&rft.date=2019-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-48297407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian1-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian1_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2019" class="citation news cs1">Stewart, Heather (1 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/01/gavin-williamson-sacked-as-defence-secretary-over-huawei-leak">"Gavin Williamson sacked as defence secretary over Huawei leak"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+sacked+as+defence+secretary+over+Huawei+leak&rft.date=2019-05-01&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2Fmay%2F01%2Fgavin-williamson-sacked-as-defence-secretary-over-huawei-leak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarvis2019" class="citation web cs1">Jarvis, Jacob (1 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/gavin-williamson-swears-on-his-childrens-lives-he-was-not-behind-huawei-leak-a4131901.html">"Williamson 'swears on children's lives' he wasn't behind Huawei leak"</a>. <i>Evening Standard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Williamson+%27swears+on+children%27s+lives%27+he+wasn%27t+behind+Huawei+leak&rft.date=2019-05-01&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fgavin-williamson-swears-on-his-childrens-lives-he-was-not-behind-huawei-leak-a4131901.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dismissal-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dismissal_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dismissal_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-48126974">"Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson sacked over Huawei leak"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 1 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Defence+Secretary+Gavin+Williamson+sacked+over+Huawei+leak&rft.date=2019-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-48126974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-denial-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-denial_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-denial_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48129280">"Gavin Williamson sacking: Former defence secretary denies Huawei leak"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+sacking%3A+Former+defence+secretary+denies+Huawei+leak&rft.date=2019-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-48129280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/nov/10/senior-mod-figures-thought-gavin-williamson-caused-national-security-leak">Senior MoD figures thought Gavin Williamson caused national security leak</a><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knighthood-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Knighthood_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knighthood_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffithsYorke2022" class="citation news cs1">Griffiths, Sian; Yorke, Harry (5 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/gavin-williamson-was-knighted-for-helping-boris-johnson-into-no-10-pxzgp6rgx">"Gavin Williamson was knighted 'for helping Boris Johnson into No 10'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Sunday Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+was+knighted+%27for+helping+Boris+Johnson+into+No+10%27&rft.date=2022-03-05&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=Sian&rft.au=Yorke%2C+Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fgavin-williamson-was-knighted-for-helping-boris-johnson-into-no-10-pxzgp6rgx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhieldon2019" class="citation news cs1">Whieldon, Fraser (24 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://feweek.co.uk/2019/07/24/gavin-williamson-becomes-new-education-secretary/">"Gavin Williamson becomes new education secretary"</a>. <i>FE Week</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FE+Week&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+becomes+new+education+secretary&rft.date=2019-07-24&rft.aulast=Whieldon&rft.aufirst=Fraser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffeweek.co.uk%2F2019%2F07%2F24%2Fgavin-williamson-becomes-new-education-secretary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-worst-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-worst_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilby2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wilby" title="Peter Wilby">Wilby, Peter</a> (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210223091254/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/nov/21/is-gavin-williamson-the-worst-education-secretary-ever">"Is Gavin Williamson the worst education secretary ever?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/nov/21/is-gavin-williamson-the-worst-education-secretary-ever">the original</a> on 23 February 2021. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Over the past few months, Williamson may have wrecked the education and prospects of a generation of children. Sadly, there are many examples of ministers who can be accused of that" —Peter Wilby</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Is+Gavin+Williamson+the+worst+education+secretary+ever%3F&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Wilby&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2F2020%2Fnov%2F21%2Fis-gavin-williamson-the-worst-education-secretary-ever&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYorke2020" class="citation news cs1">Yorke, Harry (6 March 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2020/03/06/government-looks-strengthen-free-speech-campus-oxfords-no-platforming">"Government looks to strengthen free speech on campus after Oxford's no-platforming of Amber Rudd"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Government+looks+to+strengthen+free+speech+on+campus+after+Oxford%27s+no-platforming+of+Amber+Rudd&rft.date=2020-03-06&rft.aulast=Yorke&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F03%2F06%2Fgovernment-looks-strengthen-free-speech-campus-oxfords-no-platforming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaugh2020" class="citation news cs1">Waugh, Paul (7 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/gavin-williamson-new-law-freedom-of-speech-university-oxford_uk_5e63fa78c5b6670e72f90ef5">"Ministers Preparing New Law To 'Protect Freedom Of Speech' At Universities"</a>. <i>HuffPost UK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost+UK&rft.atitle=Ministers+Preparing+New+Law+To+%27Protect+Freedom+Of+Speech%27+At+Universities&rft.date=2020-03-07&rft.aulast=Waugh&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.co.uk%2Fentry%2Fgavin-williamson-new-law-freedom-of-speech-university-oxford_uk_5e63fa78c5b6670e72f90ef5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-57076093">"Universities could face fines over free speech breaches"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 12 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Universities+could+face+fines+over+free+speech+breaches&rft.date=2021-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Feducation-57076093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-51952314">"Coronavirus: Schools to close until further notice from Friday"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+Schools+to+close+until+further+notice+from+Friday&rft.date=2020-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-51952314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/education-55561838">"Teachers' grades to replace A-levels and GCSEs in England"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Teachers%27+grades+to+replace+A-levels+and+GCSEs+in+England&rft.date=2021-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Feducation-55561838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeffer2021" class="citation web cs1">Heffer, Greg (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/gavin-williamson-removed-as-education-secretary-as-pm-reshuffles-his-cabinet-ministers-12408644">"Gavin Williamson removed as education secretary as Prime Minister reshuffles his cabinet ministers"</a>. <i>Sky News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+removed+as+education+secretary+as+Prime+Minister+reshuffles+his+cabinet+ministers&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Heffer&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fgavin-williamson-removed-as-education-secretary-as-pm-reshuffles-his-cabinet-ministers-12408644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-53750864-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-53750864_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSellgren2020" class="citation news cs1">Sellgren, Katherine (12 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-53750864">"Williamson apologises for school and exam disruption"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Williamson+apologises+for+school+and+exam+disruption&rft.date=2020-08-12&rft.aulast=Sellgren&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Feducation-53750864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-20200812-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian-20200812_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2020" class="citation news cs1">Stewart, Heather (12 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/aug/12/gavin-williamsons-apology-to-school-pupils-unlikely-to-be-his-last">"Gavin Williamson's apology to school pupils unlikely to be his last"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson%27s+apology+to+school+pupils+unlikely+to+be+his+last&rft.date=2020-08-12&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2Faug%2F12%2Fgavin-williamsons-apology-to-school-pupils-unlikely-to-be-his-last&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnerMikhailovaNeilan2020" class="citation news cs1">Turner, Camilla; Mikhailova, Anna; Neilan, Catherine (13 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/08/13/teachers-accused-submitting-implausibly-high-predicted-grades/">"Teachers accused of submitting 'implausibly high' predicted grades as A-level results row grows"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Teachers+accused+of+submitting+%27implausibly+high%27+predicted+grades+as+A-level+results+row+grows&rft.date=2020-08-13&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Camilla&rft.au=Mikhailova%2C+Anna&rft.au=Neilan%2C+Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2020%2F08%2F13%2Fteachers-accused-submitting-implausibly-high-predicted-grades%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-20200816a-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph-20200816a_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTominey2020" class="citation news cs1">Tominey, Camilla (16 August 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/08/16/gavin-williamson-has-survived-knows-bodies-buried-schools/">"Gavin Williamson has survived because he knows where the bodies are buried – but if schools fiasco continues he will have to go"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+has+survived+because+he+knows+where+the+bodies+are+buried+%E2%80%93+but+if+schools+fiasco+continues+he+will+have+to+go&rft.date=2020-08-16&rft.aulast=Tominey&rft.aufirst=Camilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2020%2F08%2F16%2Fgavin-williamson-has-survived-knows-bodies-buried-schools%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-20200816b-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph-20200816b_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2020" class="citation news cs1">Turner, Camilla (16 August 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/08/16/top-figures-ofqual-want-government-u-turn-award-students-predicted/">"Top figures at Ofqual want the Government to U-turn and award students their predicted grades"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Top+figures+at+Ofqual+want+the+Government+to+U-turn+and+award+students+their+predicted+grades&rft.date=2020-08-16&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Camilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2020%2F08%2F16%2Ftop-figures-ofqual-want-government-u-turn-award-students-predicted%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-20200817a-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph-20200817a_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2020" class="citation news cs1">Turner, Camilla (17 August 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/08/16/top-figures-ofqual-want-government-u-turn-award-students-predicted/">"Gavin Williamson and Ofqual divided over A-level exam grades"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+and+Ofqual+divided+over+A-level+exam+grades&rft.date=2020-08-17&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Camilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2020%2F08%2F16%2Ftop-figures-ofqual-want-government-u-turn-award-students-predicted%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-20200817b-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph-20200817b_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHymasNeilanTurner2020" class="citation news cs1">Hymas, Charles; Neilan, Catherine; Turner, Camilla (17 August 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/08/17/gavin-williamson-blames-ofqual-confirms-a-level-gcse-exam-results/">"Gavin Williamson blames Ofqual as he confirms A-level and GCSE exam results U-turn"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+blames+Ofqual+as+he+confirms+A-level+and+GCSE+exam+results+U-turn&rft.date=2020-08-17&rft.aulast=Hymas&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Neilan%2C+Catherine&rft.au=Turner%2C+Camilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2020%2F08%2F17%2Fgavin-williamson-blames-ofqual-confirms-a-level-gcse-exam-results%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-20200818-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc-20200818_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-53815089">"A-levels: Gavin Williamson 'incredibly sorry' for exam distress"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=A-levels%3A+Gavin+Williamson+%27incredibly+sorry%27+for+exam+distress&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-53815089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughan2022" class="citation news cs1">Vaughan, Richard (13 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/gavin-williamson-using-dark-arts-clear-rishi-sunaks-path-tory-leadership-rivals-claim-1740359">"Gavin Williamson using 'dark arts' to clear Rishi Sunak's path to Tory leadership, rivals claim"</a>. <i>inews.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=inews.co.uk&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+using+%27dark+arts%27+to+clear+Rishi+Sunak%27s+path+to+Tory+leadership%2C+rivals+claim&rft.date=2022-07-13&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fgavin-williamson-using-dark-arts-clear-rishi-sunaks-path-tory-leadership-rivals-claim-1740359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sidmouthherald.co.uk/news/national/23078111.sunak-ally-former-education-secretary-gavin-williamson-returns-government/">"Sunak ally and former education secretary Gavin Williamson returns to Government"</a>. <i>Sidmouth Herald</i>. 25 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sidmouth+Herald&rft.atitle=Sunak+ally+and+former+education+secretary+Gavin+Williamson+returns+to+Government&rft.date=2022-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sidmouthherald.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F23078111.sunak-ally-former-education-secretary-gavin-williamson-returns-government%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stourbridgenews.co.uk/news/23069439.mp-reveals-backing-next-prime-minister/">"MP Sir Gavin Williamson reveals who he is backing in leadership challenge"</a>. <i>Stourbridge News</i>. 21 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stourbridge+News&rft.atitle=MP+Sir+Gavin+Williamson+reveals+who+he+is+backing+in+leadership+challenge&rft.date=2022-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stourbridgenews.co.uk%2Fnews%2F23069439.mp-reveals-backing-next-prime-minister%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ministerial-appointments-25-october-2022">"Ministerial Appointments commencing: 25 October 2022"</a>. <i>GOV.UK</i>. 25 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=Ministerial+Appointments+commencing%3A+25+October+2022&rft.date=2022-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fministerial-appointments-25-october-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-learmonth-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-learmonth_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-learmonth_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLearmonth2022" class="citation news cs1">Learmonth, Andrew (4 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/23101855.gavin-williamson-complaint-probed-cchq/">"Gavin Williamson complaint probed by CCHQ"</a>. <i>The Herald (Scotland)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Herald+%28Scotland%29&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+complaint+probed+by+CCHQ&rft.date=2022-11-04&rft.aulast=Learmonth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldscotland.com%2Fpolitics%2F23101855.gavin-williamson-complaint-probed-cchq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-neilan-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-neilan_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-neilan_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeilan2022" class="citation news cs1">Neilan, Catherine (4 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tortoisemedia.com/2022/11/04/gavin-williamsons-threatening-messages/">"Rishi Sunak's judgment questioned after minister Gavin Williamson accused of sending 'threatening' messages"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tortoise_Media" title="Tortoise Media">Tortoise Media</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tortoise+Media&rft.atitle=Rishi+Sunak%27s+judgment+questioned+after+minister+Gavin+Williamson+accused+of+sending+%27threatening%27+messages&rft.date=2022-11-04&rft.aulast=Neilan&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tortoisemedia.com%2F2022%2F11%2F04%2Fgavin-williamsons-threatening-messages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPogrund2022" class="citation news cs1">Pogrund, Gabriel (5 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/no-10-refuses-to-endorse-gavin-williamson-as-threatening-texts-revealed-xnqj03kkm">"No 10 refuses to endorse Gavin Williamson as threatening texts revealed"</a>. <i>The Sunday Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=No+10+refuses+to+endorse+Gavin+Williamson+as+threatening+texts+revealed&rft.date=2022-11-05&rft.aulast=Pogrund&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fno-10-refuses-to-endorse-gavin-williamson-as-threatening-texts-revealed-xnqj03kkm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPogrund2022" class="citation news cs1">Pogrund, Gabriel (5 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/no-10-refuses-to-endorse-gavin-williamson-as-threatening-texts-revealed-xnqj03kkm">"No 10 refuses to endorse Gavin Williamson as threatening texts revealed"</a>. <i>The Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=No+10+refuses+to+endorse+Gavin+Williamson+as+threatening+texts+revealed&rft.date=2022-11-05&rft.aulast=Pogrund&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fno-10-refuses-to-endorse-gavin-williamson-as-threatening-texts-revealed-xnqj03kkm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian6/11/2022-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian6/11/2022_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian6/11/2022_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian6/11/2022_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/nov/06/oliver-dowden-defends-gavin-williamson-texts-as-heat-of-the-moment">Oliver Dowden defends Gavin Williamson texts as 'heat of the moment</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 6 November 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adu-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-adu_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAduMason2022" class="citation news cs1">Adu, Aletha; Mason, Rowena (4 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/nov/04/rishi-sunak-under-pressure-over-gavin-williamson-vile-messages-to-wendy-morton">"Sunak under pressure over Williamson's 'vile messages' to Wendy Morton"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sunak+under+pressure+over+Williamson%27s+%27vile+messages%27+to+Wendy+Morton&rft.date=2022-11-04&rft.aulast=Adu&rft.aufirst=Aletha&rft.au=Mason%2C+Rowena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2Fnov%2F04%2Frishi-sunak-under-pressure-over-gavin-williamson-vile-messages-to-wendy-morton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc6/11/2022-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc6/11/2022_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-63530070">"Gavin Williamson text messages unacceptable, PM says"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+text+messages+unacceptable%2C+PM+says&rft.date=2022-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-63530070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/gavin-williamson-regrets-language-used-amid-bullying-complaint-but-pm-wasnt-aware-of-specific-claims-12739791">Calls for 'urgent independent investigation' as shadow minister says reappointment of Gavin Williamson 'not in the public interest'</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></i>. 7 November 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2022/nov/07/rishi-sunak-gavin-williamson-texts-uk-politics-live">"Rishi Sunak wants to await Gavin Williamson inquiry result before deciding whether to sack him – as it happened"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 7 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Rishi+Sunak+wants+to+await+Gavin+Williamson+inquiry+result+before+deciding+whether+to+sack+him+%E2%80%93+as+it+happened&rft.date=2022-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2Flive%2F2022%2Fnov%2F07%2Frishi-sunak-gavin-williamson-texts-uk-politics-live&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/nov/07/grant-shapps-joins-condemnation-of-gavin-williamson-abusive-texts">Grant Shapps joins condemnation of Gavin Williamson's abusive texts</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrerar2022" class="citation news cs1">Crerar, Pippa (7 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/nov/07/senior-civil-servant-claims-gavin-williamson-told-them-slit-your-throat">"Senior civil servant claims Gavin Williamson told them to 'slit your throat'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Senior+civil+servant+claims+Gavin+Williamson+told+them+to+%27slit+your+throat%27&rft.date=2022-11-07&rft.aulast=Crerar&rft.aufirst=Pippa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2Fnov%2F07%2Fsenior-civil-servant-claims-gavin-williamson-told-them-slit-your-throat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-denies-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-denies_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-63550552">"Gavin Williamson denies fresh bullying allegations"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 7 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+denies+fresh+bullying+allegations&rft.date=2022-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-63550552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/sir-gavin-williamson-resigns-after-allegations-of-bullying-12742023">"Sir Gavin Williamson resigns after allegations of bullying"</a>. <i>Sky News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Sir+Gavin+Williamson+resigns+after+allegations+of+bullying&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fsir-gavin-williamson-resigns-after-allegations-of-bullying-12742023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-63545502">"Sir Gavin Williamson 'has not apologised' to Wendy Morton, friends say"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 7 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sir+Gavin+Williamson+%27has+not+apologised%27+to+Wendy+Morton%2C+friends+say&rft.date=2022-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-63545502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-63555085">"Gavin Williamson: Downing Street looking into bullying claims"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 8 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson%3A+Downing+Street+looking+into+bullying+claims&rft.date=2022-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-63555085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrerarMason2022" class="citation news cs1">Crerar, Pippa; Mason, Rowena (8 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/nov/08/pressure-grows-on-unethical-and-immoral-gavin-williamson">"Gavin Williamson quits cabinet after claims of 'unethical and immoral' behaviour"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+quits+cabinet+after+claims+of+%27unethical+and+immoral%27+behaviour&rft.date=2022-11-08&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Crerar&rft.aufirst=Pippa&rft.au=Mason%2C+Rowena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2Fnov%2F08%2Fpressure-grows-on-unethical-and-immoral-gavin-williamson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/gavin-williamson-milton-bullying-whip-b2220729.html">"Williamson used salacious gossip as 'leverage' over Tory MPs, former deputy claims"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 8 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Williamson+used+salacious+gossip+as+%27leverage%27+over+Tory+MPs%2C+former+deputy+claims&rft.date=2022-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fgavin-williamson-milton-bullying-whip-b2220729.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/prime-ministers-questions-rishi-sunak-says-it-is-absolutely-right-gavin-williamson-resigned-and-admits-regret-over-appointment-12742539">"Prime Minister's Questions: Rishi Sunak says it is 'absolutely right' Gavin Williamson resigned – and admits 'regret' over appointment"</a>. <i>Sky News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Prime+Minister%27s+Questions%3A+Rishi+Sunak+says+it+is+%27absolutely+right%27+Gavin+Williamson+resigned+%E2%80%93+and+admits+%27regret%27+over+appointment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fprime-ministers-questions-rishi-sunak-says-it-is-absolutely-right-gavin-williamson-resigned-and-admits-regret-over-appointment-12742539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-63578525">"Gavin Williamson: More MPs planned to complain before resignation"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 10 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson%3A+More+MPs+planned+to+complain+before+resignation&rft.date=2022-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-63578525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStacey2023" class="citation news cs1">Stacey, Kiran (4 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/sep/04/gavin-williamson-told-to-apologise-for-bullying-former-tory-chief-whip-wendy-morton">"Gavin Williamson told to apologise and have behaviour training for bullying former Tory chief whip"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+told+to+apologise+and+have+behaviour+training+for+bullying+former+Tory+chief+whip&rft.date=2023-09-04&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Stacey&rft.aufirst=Kiran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2023%2Fsep%2F04%2Fgavin-williamson-told-to-apologise-for-bullying-former-tory-chief-whip-wendy-morton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-66075213">"Sir Gavin to stand for Tories in new constituency"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 1 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sir+Gavin+to+stand+for+Tories+in+new+constituency&rft.date=2023-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-stoke-staffordshire-66075213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElledge2024" class="citation web cs1">Elledge, Jonn (17 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inews.co.uk/opinion/corbyn-williamson-weirdest-alliance-commons-3327729">"Jeremy Corbyn and Gavin Williamson wouldn't be the weirdest alliance this parliament"</a>. <i>inews.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=inews.co.uk&rft.atitle=Jeremy+Corbyn+and+Gavin+Williamson+wouldn%27t+be+the+weirdest+alliance+this+parliament&rft.date=2024-10-17&rft.aulast=Elledge&rft.aufirst=Jonn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finews.co.uk%2Fopinion%2Fcorbyn-williamson-weirdest-alliance-commons-3327729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politicshome.com/thehouse/article/checkmate-bishops-booted-lords">"Gavin Williamson vs The Bishops"</a>. <i>Politics Home</i>. 28 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politics+Home&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+vs+The+Bishops&rft.date=2024-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicshome.com%2Fthehouse%2Farticle%2Fcheckmate-bishops-booted-lords&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2024" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Daniel (10 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/11/10/gavin-williamson-silly-games-bishops-lords/">"Our constitutional settlement is too important for your silly games, Gavin Williamson"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Our+constitutional+settlement+is+too+important+for+your+silly+games%2C+Gavin+Williamson&rft.date=2024-11-10&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2024%2F11%2F10%2Fgavin-williamson-silly-games-bishops-lords%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooth2018" class="citation news cs1">Booth, Robert (26 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jan/26/gavin-williamson-ruthless-brilliant-and-a-little-bit-alan-partridge">"Gavin Williamson: ruthless, brilliant and a little bit Alan Partridge"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson%3A+ruthless%2C+brilliant+and+a+little+bit+Alan+Partridge&rft.date=2018-01-26&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2Fjan%2F26%2Fgavin-williamson-ruthless-brilliant-and-a-little-bit-alan-partridge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c0rg98rl9p2o">"House of Lords: MPs back ending all hereditary peers"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 12 November 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=House+of+Lords%3A+MPs+back+ending+all+hereditary+peers&rft.date=2024-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc0rg98rl9p2o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCann2016" class="citation news cs1">McCann, Kate (24 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/24/revealed-first-picture-cronus-chief-whips-pet-tarantula/">"Revealed: The first picture of Cronus, the chief whip's pet tarantula"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828040857/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/24/revealed-first-picture-cronus-chief-whips-pet-tarantula/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+The+first+picture+of+Cronus%2C+the+chief+whip%27s+pet+tarantula&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft.aulast=McCann&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F11%2F24%2Frevealed-first-picture-cronus-chief-whips-pet-tarantula%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-20180128-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph-20180128_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarleyBirdWard2018" class="citation news cs1">Harley, Nicola; Bird, Steve; Ward, Victoria (28 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/27/female-colleague-gavin-williamson-shared-kiss-tears-claimed/">"Female colleague Gavin Williamson 'shared kiss' with was in tears, it was claimed"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127221036/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/27/female-colleague-gavin-williamson-shared-kiss-tears-claimed/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Female+colleague+Gavin+Williamson+%27shared+kiss%27+with+was+in+tears%2C+it+was+claimed&rft.date=2018-01-28&rft.aulast=Harley&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rft.au=Bird%2C+Steve&rft.au=Ward%2C+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2018%2F01%2F27%2Ffemale-colleague-gavin-williamson-shared-kiss-tears-claimed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyal2018" class="citation news cs1">Syal, Rajeev (28 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jan/28/gavin-williamson-under-pressure-over-fireplace-firm-job-russian-cyber-attack">"Gavin Williamson left firm 'after meeting sparked by relationship'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+left+firm+%27after+meeting+sparked+by+relationship%27&rft.date=2018-01-28&rft.aulast=Syal&rft.aufirst=Rajeev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2Fjan%2F28%2Fgavin-williamson-under-pressure-over-fireplace-firm-job-russian-cyber-attack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cy61ywnewx4o">"Man guilty of stalking MP Sir Gavin Williamson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 19 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Man+guilty+of+stalking+MP+Sir+Gavin+Williamson&rft.date=2023-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcy61ywnewx4o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/privy-council-appointments-may-2015">"May 2015 Privy Council Appointments"</a>. <i>GOV.UK</i> (Press release). 13 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=May+2015+Privy+Council+Appointments&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fprivy-council-appointments-may-2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/543929/Resignation-Honours-2016.pdf">"Resignation Honours 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>GOV.UK</i>. Cabinet Office. 4 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920054449/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/543929/Resignation-Honours-2016.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=Resignation+Honours+2016&rft.date=2016-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F543929%2FResignation-Honours-2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/knighthood-conferred-and-privy-council-appointment-march-2022">Press release: Knighthood conferred and Privy Council Appointment: March 2022</a> – official website <a href="/wiki/Gov.uk" title="Gov.uk">gov.uk</a> of the UK Government</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://feweek.co.uk/former-education-secretary-gavin-williamson-knighted/">"Former education secretary Gavin Williamson knighted"</a>. <i>FE Week</i>. 3 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FE+Week&rft.atitle=Former+education+secretary+Gavin+Williamson+knighted&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffeweek.co.uk%2Fformer-education-secretary-gavin-williamson-knighted%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/4033764">Honours and Awards, 1 April 2022, Notice ID: 4033764</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2022" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Peter (3 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/mar/03/gavin-williamson-awarded-knighthood-by-boris-johnson">"Gavin Williamson awarded knighthood by Boris Johnson"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gavin+Williamson+awarded+knighthood+by+Boris+Johnson&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2Fmar%2F03%2Fgavin-williamson-awarded-knighthood-by-boris-johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGavin+Williamson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gavin_Williamson" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gavin Williamson">Gavin Williamson</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gavin_Williamson" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Gavin Williamson">Gavin Williamson</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gavinwilliamson.org/">Official site</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/gavin-williamson/4108">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/search/MemberContributions?memberId=4108">Contributions in Parliament</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicwhip.org.uk/mp.php?mpn=Gavin_Williamson">Voting record</a> at <a href="/wiki/Public_Whip" title="Public Whip">Public Whip</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/gavin_williamson">Record in Parliament</a> at <a href="/wiki/TheyWorkForYou" title="TheyWorkForYou">TheyWorkForYou</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120914151805/http://www.conservatives.com/People/Members_of_Parliament/Williamson_Gavin.aspx">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131106015050/http://www.southstaffsconservatives.org.uk/gavin-williamson-mp">South Staffordshire Conservative Association</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cormack" title="Patrick Cormack">Patrick Cormack</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/South_Staffordshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Staffordshire (UK Parliament constituency)">South Staffordshire</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010</a>–<a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Constituency abolished </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New constituency</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Stone,_Great_Wyrley_and_Penkridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone, Great Wyrley and Penkridge">Stone, Great Wyrley and Penkridge</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024</a>–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Harper" title="Mark Harper">Mark Harper</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip" title="Chief Whip">Chief Whip</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> </b><br />2016–2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Smith_(politician)" title="Julian Smith (politician)">Julian Smith</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury">Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury</a> </b><br />2016–2017 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fallon" title="Michael Fallon">Michael Fallon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretary of State for Defence</a> </b><br />2017–2019 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Penny_Mordaunt" title="Penny Mordaunt">Penny Mordaunt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Damian_Hinds" title="Damian Hinds">Damian Hinds</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Secretary of State for Education</a> </b><br />2019–2021 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Nadhim Zahawi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Adams" title="Nigel Adams">Nigel Adams</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_without_Portfolio" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State without Portfolio">Minister of State without Portfolio</a> </b><br />2022 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Esther_McVey" title="Esther McVey">Esther McVey</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Harper" title="Mark Harper">Mark Harper</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Chief_Whip" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Chief Whip">Conservative Chief Whip</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> </b><br />2016–2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Smith_(politician)" title="Julian Smith (politician)">Julian Smith</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sunak_Cabinet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sunak_Cabinet" title="Template:Sunak Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sunak_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Sunak Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sunak_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sunak Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sunak_Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sunak_ministry" title="Sunak ministry">Sunak Cabinet</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinet members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Dowden" title="Oliver Dowden">Oliver Dowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Jeremy Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">James Cleverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Grant Shapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Chalk" title="Alex Chalk">Alex Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Coutinho" title="Claire Coutinho">Claire Coutinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Donelan" title="Michelle Donelan">Michelle Donelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Atkins" title="Victoria Atkins">Victoria Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Mordaunt" title="Penny Mordaunt">Penny Mordaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_True,_Baron_True" title="Nicholas True, Baron True">The Lord True</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Kemi Badenoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Barclay" title="Steve Barclay">Steve Barclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Stride" title="Mel Stride">Mel Stride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Keegan" title="Gillian Keegan">Gillian Keegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Harper" title="Mark Harper">Mark Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Frazer" title="Lucy Frazer">Lucy Frazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holden_(British_politician)" title="Richard Holden (British politician)">Richard Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Heaton-Harris" title="Chris Heaton-Harris">Chris Heaton-Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alister_Jack" title="Alister Jack">Alister Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_T._C._Davies" title="David T. C. Davies">David T. C. Davies</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Government Coat of Arms." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Also attended meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hart" title="Simon Hart">Simon Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Trott_(politician)" title="Laura Trott (politician)">Laura Trott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Prentis" title="Victoria Prentis">Victoria Prentis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glen_(politician)" title="John Glen (politician)">John Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_McVey" title="Esther McVey">Esther McVey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tugendhat" title="Tom Tugendhat">Tom Tugendhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mitchell" title="Andrew Mitchell">Andrew Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer_(politician)" title="Johnny Mercer (politician)">Johnny Mercer</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sunak_ministry#Departures_from_the_Sunak_ministry" title="Sunak ministry">Departures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gavin Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Nadhim Zahawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Wallace_(politician)" title="Ben Wallace (politician)">Ben Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suella_Braverman" title="Suella Braverman">Suella Braverman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey" title="Thérèse Coffey">Thérèse Coffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Quin" title="Jeremy Quin">Jeremy Quin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenrick" title="Robert Jenrick">Robert Jenrick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Johnson_cabinets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Johnson_Cabinet" title="Template:Johnson Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Johnson_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Johnson Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Johnson_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Johnson Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Johnson_cabinets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Johnson cabinets</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="First_Johnson_cabinet_(July–December_2019)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_Johnson_ministry" title="First Johnson ministry">First Johnson cabinet</a> (July–December 2019)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinet members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Barclay" title="Steve Barclay">Steve Barclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Buckland" title="Robert Buckland">Robert Buckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alun_Cairns" title="Alun Cairns">Alun Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">James Cleverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey" title="Thérèse Coffey">Thérèse Coffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Evans,_Baroness_Evans_of_Bowes_Park" title="Natalie Evans, Baroness Evans of Bowes Park">The Baroness Evans of Bowes Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alister_Jack" title="Alister Jack">Alister Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Sajid Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenrick" title="Robert Jenrick">Robert Jenrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Leadsom" title="Andrea Leadsom">Andrea Leadsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Morgan" title="Nicky Morgan">Nicky Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priti_Patel" title="Priti Patel">Priti Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Grant Shapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alok_Sharma" title="Alok Sharma">Alok Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Smith_(politician)" title="Julian Smith (politician)">Julian Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Villiers" title="Theresa Villiers">Theresa Villiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Wallace_(politician)" title="Ben Wallace (politician)">Ben Wallace</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gavin Williamson</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government)_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Government Coat of Arms." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/100px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/150px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/200px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Also attended meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Berry" title="Jake Berry">Jake Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Cox_(British_politician)" title="Geoffrey Cox (British politician)">Geoffrey Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Dowden" title="Oliver Dowden">Oliver Dowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zac_Goldsmith" title="Zac Goldsmith">Zac Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwasi_Kwarteng" title="Kwasi Kwarteng">Kwasi Kwarteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Lewis" title="Brandon Lewis">Brandon Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_McVey" title="Esther McVey">Esther McVey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Rees-Mogg" title="Jacob Rees-Mogg">Jacob Rees-Mogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Spencer_(British_politician)" title="Mark Spencer (British politician)">Mark Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alun_Cairns" title="Alun Cairns">Alun Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Johnson" title="Jo Johnson">Jo Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Rudd" title="Amber Rudd">Amber Rudd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Second_Johnson_cabinet_(December_2019_–_September_2022)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Johnson_ministry" title="Second Johnson ministry">Second Johnson cabinet</a> (December 2019 – September 2022)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinet members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Barclay" title="Steve Barclay">Steve Barclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Buckland" title="Robert Buckland">Robert Buckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Clark" title="Greg Clark">Greg Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">James Cleverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey" title="Thérèse Coffey">Thérèse Coffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadine_Dorries" title="Nadine Dorries">Nadine Dorries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eustice" title="George Eustice">George Eustice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Evans,_Baroness_Evans_of_Bowes_Park" title="Natalie Evans, Baroness Evans of Bowes Park">The Baroness Evans of Bowes Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alister_Jack" title="Alister Jack">Alister Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwasi_Kwarteng" title="Kwasi Kwarteng">Kwasi Kwarteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Malthouse" title="Kit Malthouse">Kit Malthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priti_Patel" title="Priti Patel">Priti Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Rees-Mogg" title="Jacob Rees-Mogg">Jacob Rees-Mogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Grant Shapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alok_Sharma" title="Alok Sharma">Alok Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Marie_Trevelyan" title="Anne-Marie Trevelyan">Anne-Marie Trevelyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shailesh_Vara" title="Shailesh Vara">Shailesh Vara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Wallace_(politician)" title="Ben Wallace (politician)">Ben Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Nadhim Zahawi</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government)_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Government Coat of Arms." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/100px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/150px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/200px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Also attended meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Adams" title="Nigel Adams">Nigel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suella_Braverman" title="Suella Braverman">Suella Braverman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Clarke_(politician)" title="Simon Clarke (politician)">Simon Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ellis_(British_politician)" title="Michael Ellis (British politician)">Michael Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Heaton-Harris" title="Chris Heaton-Harris">Chris Heaton-Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer_(politician)" title="Johnny Mercer (politician)">Johnny Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Spencer_(British_politician)" title="Mark Spencer (British politician)">Mark Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stephenson" title="Andrew Stephenson">Andrew Stephenson</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_departures_from_the_second_Johnson_ministry" title="List of departures from the second Johnson ministry">Departures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Berry" title="Jake Berry">Jake Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Cox_(British_politician)" title="Geoffrey Cox (British politician)">Geoffrey Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Donelan" title="Michelle Donelan">Michelle Donelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Dowden" title="Oliver Dowden">Oliver Dowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Frost,_Baron_Frost" title="David Frost, Baron Frost">The Lord Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hart" title="Simon Hart">Simon Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Sajid Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenrick" title="Robert Jenrick">Robert Jenrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Leadsom" title="Andrea Leadsom">Andrea Leadsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Lewis" title="Brandon Lewis">Brandon Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Milling" title="Amanda Milling">Amanda Milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_McVey" title="Esther McVey">Esther McVey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Morgan" title="Nicky Morgan">The Baroness Morgan of Cotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Smith_(politician)" title="Julian Smith (politician)">Julian Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Villiers" title="Theresa Villiers">Theresa Villiers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gavin Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_May_Cabinet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_May_Cabinet" title="Template:First May Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_May_Cabinet" title="Template talk:First May Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_May_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First May Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_May_Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_May_ministry" title="First May ministry">First May Cabinet</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinet members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Bradley" title="Karen Bradley">Karen Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brokenshire" title="James Brokenshire">James Brokenshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alun_Cairns" title="Alun Cairns">Alun Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Clark" title="Greg Clark">Greg Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(British_politician)" title="David Davis (British politician)">David Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Evans,_Baroness_Evans_of_Bowes_Park" title="Natalie Evans, Baroness Evans of Bowes Park">Baroness Evans of Bowes Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fallon" title="Michael Fallon">Michael Fallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Fox" title="Liam Fox">Liam Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Grayling" title="Chris Grayling">Chris Grayling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Green" title="Damian Green">Damian Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Greening" title="Justine Greening">Justine Greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Philip Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Jeremy Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Sajid Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Leadsom" title="Andrea Leadsom">Andrea Leadsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lidington" title="David Lidington">David Lidington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McLoughlin" title="Patrick McLoughlin">Patrick McLoughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mundell" title="David Mundell">David Mundell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priti_Patel" title="Priti Patel">Priti Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Rudd" title="Amber Rudd">Amber Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government)_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Government Coat of Arms." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/100px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/150px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/200px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Also attended meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gauke" title="David Gauke">David Gauke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Gummer" title="Ben Gummer">Ben Gummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Halfon" title="Robert Halfon">Robert Halfon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gavin Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Wright" title="Jeremy Wright">Jeremy Wright</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_May_Cabinet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Second_May_Cabinet" title="Template:Second May Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Second_May_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Second May Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_May_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Second May Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_May_Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Second_May_ministry" title="Second May ministry">Second May Cabinet</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinet members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Barclay" title="Steve Barclay">Steve Barclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Bradley" title="Karen Bradley">Karen Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brokenshire" title="James Brokenshire">James Brokenshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alun_Cairns" title="Alun Cairns">Alun Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Clark" title="Greg Clark">Greg Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Evans,_Baroness_Evans_of_Bowes_Park" title="Natalie Evans, Baroness Evans of Bowes Park">Baroness Evans of Bowes Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Fox" title="Liam Fox">Liam Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gauke" title="David Gauke">David Gauke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Grayling" title="Chris Grayling">Chris Grayling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Philip Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Hinds" title="Damian Hinds">Damian Hinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Jeremy Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Sajid Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Lewis" title="Brandon Lewis">Brandon Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lidington" title="David Lidington">David Lidington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Mordaunt" title="Penny Mordaunt">Penny Mordaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mundell" title="David Mundell">David Mundell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Rudd" title="Amber Rudd">Amber Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Stewart" title="Rory Stewart">Rory Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Wright" title="Jeremy Wright">Jeremy Wright</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government)_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Government Coat of Arms." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/100px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/150px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/200px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Also attended meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Cox_(British_politician)" title="Geoffrey Cox (British politician)">Geoffrey Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Nokes" title="Caroline Nokes">Caroline Nokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Perry" class="mw-redirect" title="Claire Perry">Claire Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Smith_(politician)" title="Julian Smith (politician)">Julian Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Stride" title="Mel Stride">Mel Stride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_departures_from_the_second_May_ministry" title="List of departures from the second May ministry">Departures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(British_politician)" title="David Davis (British politician)">David Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fallon" title="Michael Fallon">Michael Fallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Green" title="Damian Green">Damian Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Greening" title="Justine Greening">Justine Greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Leadsom" title="Andrea Leadsom">Andrea Leadsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McLoughlin" title="Patrick McLoughlin">Patrick McLoughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_McVey" title="Esther McVey">Esther McVey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priti_Patel" title="Priti Patel">Priti Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gavin Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Education_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Secretaries_of_State_for_Education" title="Template:Secretaries of State for Education"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Secretaries_of_State_for_Education" title="Template talk:Secretaries of State for Education"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Secretaries_of_State_for_Education" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Secretaries of State for Education"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Education_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Education secretaries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Education" title="Department for Education">Department for Education</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents of the Board of Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Devonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Vane-Tempest-Stewart,_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry" title="Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry">Londonderry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Birrell" title="Augustine Birrell">Birrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Runciman,_1st_Viscount_Runciman_of_Doxford" title="Walter Runciman, 1st Viscount Runciman of Doxford">Runciman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pease,_1st_Baron_Gainford" title="Jack Pease, 1st Baron Gainford">Pease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._A._L._Fisher" title="H. A. L. Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Trevelyan,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet">Trevelyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Percy,_1st_Baron_Percy_of_Newcastle" title="Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle">Percy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Trevelyan,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet">Trevelyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(British_politician)" title="Donald Maclean (British politician)">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stanley" title="Oliver Stanley">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stanhope,_7th_Earl_Stanhope" title="James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope">Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbrand_Sackville,_9th_Earl_De_La_Warr" title="Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr">De La Warr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herwald_Ramsbotham,_1st_Viscount_Soulbury" title="Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury">Soulbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Education (United Kingdom)">Ministers of education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Law,_1st_Baron_Coleraine" title="Richard Law, 1st Baron Coleraine">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Wilkinson" title="Ellen Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tomlinson_(British_politician)" title="George Tomlinson (British politician)">Tomlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Horsbrugh,_Baroness_Horsbrugh" title="Florence Horsbrugh, Baroness Horsbrugh">Horsbrugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Eccles,_1st_Viscount_Eccles" title="David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles">Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Lloyd,_Baron_Geoffrey-Lloyd" title="Geoffrey Lloyd, Baron Geoffrey-Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Eccles,_1st_Viscount_Eccles" title="David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles">Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boyle,_Baron_Boyle_of_Handsworth" title="Edward Boyle, Baron Boyle of Handsworth">Boyle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Hogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Crosland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gordon_Walker" title="Patrick Gordon Walker">Gordon Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reg_Prentice" title="Reg Prentice">Prentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Mulley" title="Fred Mulley">Mulley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Carlisle" title="Mark Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Joseph" title="Keith Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Baker,_Baron_Baker_of_Dorking" title="Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_MacGregor,_Baron_MacGregor_of_Pulham_Market" title="John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market">MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Clarke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Patten,_Baron_Patten" title="John Patten, Baron Patten">Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Shephard" title="Gillian Shephard">Shephard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and employment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Shephard" title="Gillian Shephard">Shephard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Blunkett" title="David Blunkett">Blunkett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estelle_Morris" title="Estelle Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clarke" title="Charles Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kelly" title="Ruth Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Johnson" title="Alan Johnson">Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children, schools and families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Balls" title="Ed Balls">Balls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Innovation, universities and skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Denham_(politician)" title="John Denham (politician)">Denham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Gove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Morgan" title="Nicky Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Greening" title="Justine Greening">Greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Hinds" title="Damian Hinds">Hinds</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Zahawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Donelan" title="Michelle Donelan">Donelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">Cleverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Malthouse" title="Kit Malthouse">Malthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Keegan" title="Gillian Keegan">Keegan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Defence_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Secretaries_of_State_for_Defence" title="Template:Secretaries of State for Defence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Secretaries_of_State_for_Defence" title="Template talk:Secretaries of State for Defence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Secretaries_of_State_for_Defence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Secretaries of State for Defence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Defence_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Defence secretaries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Co-ordination_of_Defence" title="Minister for Co-ordination of Defence">Ministers for<br />co-ordination of defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Inskip,_1st_Viscount_Caldecote" title="Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote">Sir Thomas Inskip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernle_Chatfield,_1st_Baron_Chatfield" title="Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield">Lord Chatfield</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Minister of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministers for<br />defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">A. V. Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Shinwell" title="Manny Shinwell">Manny Shinwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Tunis" title="Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis">Harold Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd">Selwyn Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Monckton" title="Walter Monckton">Sir Walter Monckton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Head,_1st_Viscount_Head" title="Antony Head, 1st Viscount Head">Anthony Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Sandys" title="Duncan Sandys">Duncan Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Watkinson" title="Harold Watkinson">Harold Watkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Peter Thorneycroft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretaries of state for<br />defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Peter Thorneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Denis Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Lord Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Gilmour,_Baron_Gilmour_of_Craigmillar" title="Ian Gilmour, Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar">Ian Gilmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Mason" title="Roy Mason">Roy Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Mulley" title="Fred Mulley">Fred Mulley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pym" title="Francis Pym">Francis Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nott" title="John Nott">John Nott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Younger,_4th_Viscount_Younger_of_Leckie" title="George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger of Leckie">George Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_King,_Baron_King_of_Bridgwater" title="Tom King, Baron King of Bridgwater">Tom King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Rifkind" title="Malcolm Rifkind">Malcolm Rifkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Portillo" title="Michael Portillo">Michael Portillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robertson,_Baron_Robertson_of_Port_Ellen" title="George Robertson, Baron Robertson of Port Ellen">George Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Hoon" title="Geoff Hoon">Geoff Hoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reid,_Baron_Reid_of_Cardowan" title="John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan">John Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Browne" title="Des Browne">Des Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hutton,_Baron_Hutton_of_Furness" title="John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness">John Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ainsworth" title="Bob Ainsworth">Bob Ainsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Fox" title="Liam Fox">Liam Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Philip Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fallon" title="Michael Fallon">Michael Fallon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gavin Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Mordaunt" title="Penny Mordaunt">Penny Mordaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Wallace_(politician)" title="Ben Wallace (politician)">Ben Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Grant Shapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Healey" title="John Healey">John Healey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conservative_Chief_Whips_(House_of_Commons)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservative_Chief_Whips" title="Template:Conservative Chief Whips"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservative_Chief_Whips" title="Template talk:Conservative Chief Whips"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative_Chief_Whips" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative Chief Whips"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conservative_Chief_Whips_(House_of_Commons)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Chief Whip of the Conservative Party"><span style="color:white;">Conservative Chief Whips (House of Commons)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Holmes_(politician)" title="William Holmes (politician)">Holmes</a></li> <li><i>Vacant</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Clerk,_6th_Baronet" title="Sir George Clerk, 6th Baronet">Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fremantle,_1st_Baron_Cottesloe" title="Thomas Fremantle, 1st Baron Cottesloe">Fremantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Young,_1st_Baron_Lisgar" title="John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar">J. Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beresford_(politician)" title="William Beresford (politician)">Beresford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Forbes_Mackenzie" title="William Forbes Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jolliffe,_1st_Baron_Hylton" title="William Jolliffe, 1st Baron Hylton">Jolliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edward_Taylor" title="Thomas Edward Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Noel_(politician)" title="Gerard Noel (politician)">Noel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edward_Taylor" title="Thomas Edward Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hart_Dyke" title="William Hart Dyke">Hart Dyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowland_Winn,_1st_Baron_St_Oswald" title="Rowland Winn, 1st Baron St Oswald">Winn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretas_Akers-Douglas,_1st_Viscount_Chilston" title="Aretas Akers-Douglas, 1st Viscount Chilston">Akers-Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Walrond,_1st_Baron_Waleran" title="William Walrond, 1st Baron Waleran">Walrond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fuller-Acland-Hood,_1st_Baron_St_Audries" title="Alexander Fuller-Acland-Hood, 1st Baron St Audries">Fuller-Arcland-Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay,_27th_Earl_of_Crawford" title="David Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford">Balcarres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_FitzAlan-Howard,_1st_Viscount_FitzAlan_of_Derwent" title="Edmund FitzAlan-Howard, 1st Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Wilson_(politician)" title="Leslie Wilson (politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolton_Eyres-Monsell,_1st_Viscount_Monsell" title="Bolton Eyres-Monsell, 1st Viscount Monsell">Eyres-Monsell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Margesson,_1st_Viscount_Margesson" title="David Margesson, 1st Viscount Margesson">Margesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stuart,_1st_Viscount_Stuart_of_Findhorn" title="James Stuart, 1st Viscount Stuart of Findhorn">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Buchan-Hepburn,_1st_Baron_Hailes" title="Patrick Buchan-Hepburn, 1st Baron Hailes">Buchan-Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Redmayne,_Baron_Redmayne" title="Martin Redmayne, Baron Redmayne">Redmayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">Whitelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pym" title="Francis Pym">Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Atkins" title="Humphrey Atkins">Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jopling" title="Michael Jopling">Jopling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wakeham" title="John Wakeham">Wakeham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Waddington" title="David Waddington">Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Renton" title="Tim Renton">Renton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ryder,_Baron_Ryder_of_Wensum" title="Richard Ryder, Baron Ryder of Wensum">Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Goodlad" title="Alastair Goodlad">Goodlad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Arbuthnot" title="James Arbuthnot">Arbuthnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Maclean,_Baron_Blencathra" title="David Maclean, Baron Blencathra">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McLoughlin" title="Patrick McLoughlin">McLoughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mitchell" title="Andrew Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Cookham" title="George Young, Baron Young of Cookham">G. Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Gove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Harper" title="Mark Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Smith_(politician)" title="Julian Smith (politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Spencer_(British_politician)" title="Mark Spencer (British politician)">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Heaton-Harris" title="Chris Heaton-Harris">Heaton-Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Morton" title="Wendy Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hart" title="Simon Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Andrew" title="Stuart Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Harris" title="Rebecca Harris">Harris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parliamentary_Private_Secretaries_to_the_Prime_Minister" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parliamentary_Private_Secretaries_to_the_Prime_Minister" title="Template:Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parliamentary_Private_Secretaries_to_the_Prime_Minister" title="Template talk:Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parliamentary_Private_Secretaries_to_the_Prime_Minister" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parliamentary_Private_Secretaries_to_the_Prime_Minister" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Private_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister" title="Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister">Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street#Prime_Minister's_Office" title="10 Downing Street">Prime Minister's Office</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Henry Campbell-Bannerman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Carr-Gomm" title="Hubert Carr-Gomm">Carr-Gomm</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1906–1908</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howard_(British_politician)" title="Geoffrey Howard (British politician)">Howard</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1908–1909</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell_(Liberal_politician)" title="Charles Lyell (Liberal politician)">Lyell</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1908–1915</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Barran,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir John Barran, 2nd Baronet">Barran</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1916–1918</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davies,_1st_Baron_Davies" title="David Davies, 1st Baron Davies">D. Davies</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1916–1918</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sutherland_(Liberal_politician)" title="William Sutherland (Liberal politician)">Sutherland</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1916–1918, 1919–1920</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldorf_Astor,_2nd_Viscount_Astor" title="Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor">Astor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1918</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sassoon" title="Philip Sassoon">Sassoon</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1920–1922</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Bonar Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._C._C._Davidson" title="J. C. C. Davidson">Davidson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1922–1923</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Sidney_Herbert,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Sidney Herbert, 1st Baronet">Herbert</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1923–1924, 1924–1927</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rhys,_8th_Baron_Dynevor" title="Charles Rhys, 8th Baron Dynevor">Rhys</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1927–1929</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Lloyd,_Baron_Geoffrey-Lloyd" title="Geoffrey Lloyd, Baron Geoffrey-Lloyd">Geoffery-Lloyd</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1935</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dugdale,_1st_Baron_Crathorne" title="Thomas Dugdale, 1st Baron Crathorne">Dugdale</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1935–1937</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacNeill_Weir" title="MacNeill Weir">Weir</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1924, 1929–1931</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morrison,_1st_Baron_Morrison" title="Robert Morrison, 1st Baron Morrison">R. Morrison</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1929–1931</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Markham" title="Frank Markham">Markham</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1931–1932</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Glyn,_1st_Baron_Glyn" title="Ralph Glyn, 1st Baron Glyn">Glyn</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1931–1935</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Worthington_(British_politician)" title="John Worthington (British politician)">Worthington</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1931–1935</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1937–1940</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Bracken" title="Brendan Bracken">Bracken</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1940–1941</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harvie-Watt" title="George Harvie-Watt">Harvie-Watt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1941–1945</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Soames" title="Christopher Soames">Soames</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1952–1955</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_de_Freitas" title="Geoffrey de Freitas">de Freitas</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1945–1946</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Moyle,_Baron_Moyle" title="Arthur Moyle, Baron Moyle">Moyle</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1946–1951</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr" title="Robert Carr">Carr</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1955</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Allan,_Baron_Allan_of_Kilmahew" title="Robert Allan, Baron Allan of Kilmahew">Allan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1955–1956</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Barber" title="Anthony Barber">Barber</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1957–1959</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knox_Cunningham" title="Knox Cunningham">K. Cunningham</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1959–1963</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Alec Douglas-Home</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pearson" title="Francis Pearson">Pearson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1963–1964</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Fernyhough" title="Ernest Fernyhough">Fernyhough</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1964–1967</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Shore" title="Peter Shore">Shore</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1965–1966</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Davies,_Baron_Davies_of_Leek" title="Harold Davies, Baron Davies of Leek">H. Davies</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1967–1970</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Varley" title="Eric Varley">Varley</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1968–1969</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hamling" title="William Hamling">Hamling</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1974–1975</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Marks" title="Kenneth Marks">Marks</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1975</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tomlinson,_Baron_Tomlinson" title="John Tomlinson, Baron Tomlinson">Tomlinson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1975–1976</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Kitson" title="Timothy Kitson">Kitson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1970–1974</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cunningham,_Baron_Cunningham_of_Felling" title="Jack Cunningham, Baron Cunningham of Felling">J. Cunningham</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1976–1977</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stott" title="Roger Stott">Stott</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1977–1979</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Gow" title="Ian Gow">Gow</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1979–1983</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Alison" title="Michael Alison">Alison</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1983–1987</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Hamilton" title="Archie Hamilton">Hamilton</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1987–1988</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Lennox-Boyd" title="Mark Lennox-Boyd">Lennox-Boyd</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1988–1990</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Morrison" title="Peter Morrison">P. Morrison</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1990</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Bright" title="Graham Bright">Bright</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1990–1994</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ward_(Conservative_politician)" title="John Ward (Conservative politician)">Ward</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1994–1997</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Coffey" title="Ann Coffey">Coffey</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1997–1998</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Grocott,_Baron_Grocott" title="Bruce Grocott, Baron Grocott">Grocott</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">1997–2001</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hanson,_Baron_Hanson_of_Flint" title="David Hanson, Baron Hanson of Flint">Hanson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2001–2005</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Hill_(politician)" title="Keith Hill (politician)">Hill</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2005–2007</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Austin" title="Ian Austin">Austin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2007–2008</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Smith,_Baroness_Smith_of_Basildon" title="Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon">Smith</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2007–2009</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Trickett" title="Jon Trickett">Trickett</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2008–2010</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Snelgrove" title="Anne Snelgrove">Snelgrove</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2009–2010</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Swayne" title="Desmond Swayne">Swayne</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2010–2012</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Gyimah" title="Sam Gyimah">Gyimah</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2012–2013</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Williamson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2013–2016</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Hollingbery" title="George Hollingbery">Hollingbery</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2016–2018</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seema_Kennedy" title="Seema Kennedy">Kennedy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2017–2019</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bowie_(politician)" title="Andrew Bowie (politician)">Bowie</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2018–2019</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Burghart" title="Alex Burghart">Burghart</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2019–2021</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Heappey" title="James Heappey">Heappey</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2019</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trudy_Harrison" title="Trudy Harrison">Harrison</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2019–2021</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Dines" title="Sarah Dines">Dines</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2021–2022</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Griffith" title="Andrew Griffith">Griffith</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2021–2022</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Duddridge" title="James Duddridge">Duddridge</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2022</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lia_Nici" title="Lia Nici">Nici</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2022</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Morrissey" title="Joy Morrissey">Morrissey</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2022</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stafford" title="Alexander Stafford">Stafford</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2022</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Webb" title="Suzanne Webb">Webb</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2022</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Williams_(British_politician)" title="Craig Williams (British politician)">Williams</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2022–2024</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Twist" title="Liz Twist">Twist</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2024–</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Ward_(British_politician)" title="Chris Ward (British politician)">Ward</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">2024–</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conservative_Party_members_of_Parliament" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservative_Party_UK_MPs" title="Template:Conservative Party UK MPs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservative_Party_UK_MPs" title="Template talk:Conservative Party UK MPs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative_Party_UK_MPs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative Party UK MPs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conservative_Party_members_of_Parliament" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Conservative Party members of Parliament</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)"><span style="color:white;">Conservative Party</span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1922_Committee" title="1922 Committee"><span style="color:white;">1922 Committee</span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Conservative_Party_MPs_(UK)" title="List of Conservative Party MPs (UK)"><span style="color:white;">List of Conservative Party MPs</span></a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Conservative_MPs_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="List of United Kingdom Conservative MPs (2024–present)"><span style="color:white;">2024–present</span></a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0087DC; color:white;;width:1%">North East England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Vickers" title="Matt Vickers">Matt Vickers</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0087DC; color:white;;width:1%">North West England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aphra_Brandreth" title="Aphra Brandreth">Aphra Brandreth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esther_McVey" title="Esther McVey">Esther McVey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Snowden" title="Andrew Snowden">Andrew Snowden</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0087DC; color:white;;width:1%">Yorkshire and the Humber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(British_politician)" title="David Davis (British politician)">David Davis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Dewhirst" title="Charlie Dewhirst">Charlie Dewhirst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Hollinrake" title="Kevin Hollinrake">Kevin Hollinrake</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robbie_Moore_(politician)" title="Robbie Moore (politician)">Robbie Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Shelbrooke" title="Alec Shelbrooke">Alec Shelbrooke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Smith_(politician)" title="Julian Smith (politician)">Julian Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Stuart_(politician)" title="Graham Stuart (politician)">Graham Stuart</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Vickers" title="Martin Vickers">Martin Vickers</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0087DC; color:white;;width:1%">East Midlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Andrew" title="Stuart Andrew">Stuart Andrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Argar" title="Edward Argar">Edward Argar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Atkins" title="Victoria Atkins">Victoria Atkins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bedford_(politician)" title="Peter Bedford (politician)">Peter Bedford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Bool" title="Sarah Bool">Sarah Bool</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Costa_(British_politician)" title="Alberto Costa (British politician)">Alberto Costa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Davies_(English_politician)" title="Gareth Davies (English politician)">Gareth Davies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luke_Evans_(politician)" title="Luke Evans (politician)">Luke Evans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hayes_(British_politician)" title="John Hayes (British politician)">John Hayes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenrick" title="Robert Jenrick">Robert Jenrick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Johnson" title="Caroline Johnson">Caroline Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Kearns" title="Alicia Kearns">Alicia Kearns</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Leigh" title="Edward Leigh">Edward Leigh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_O%27Brien" title="Neil O'Brien">Neil O'Brien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shivani_Raja" title="Shivani Raja">Shivani Raja</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0087DC; color:white;;width:1%">West Midlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Anderson_(politician)" title="Stuart Anderson (politician)">Stuart Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harriett_Baldwin" title="Harriett Baldwin">Harriett Baldwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saqib_Bhatti" title="Saqib Bhatti">Saqib Bhatti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Bradley" title="Karen Bradley">Karen Bradley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Garnier" title="Mark Garnier">Mark Garnier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Huddleston" title="Nigel Huddleston">Nigel Huddleston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mitchell" title="Andrew Mitchell">Andrew Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Morton" title="Wendy Morton">Wendy Morton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Norman" title="Jesse Norman">Jesse Norman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pritchard_(politician)" title="Mark Pritchard (politician)">Mark Pritchard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Shastri-Hurst" title="Neil Shastri-Hurst">Neil Shastri-Hurst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Thomas_(British_politician)" title="Bradley Thomas (British politician)">Bradley Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gavin Williamson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Wood_(Conservative_politician)" title="Mike Wood (Conservative politician)">Mike Wood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Wright" title="Jeremy Wright">Jeremy Wright</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0087DC; color:white;;width:1%">East of England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Kemi Badenoch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Barclay" title="Steve Barclay">Steve Barclay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Burghart" title="Alex Burghart">Alex Burghart</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cartlidge" title="James Cartlidge">James Cartlidge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">James Cleverly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cocking" title="Lewis Cocking">Lewis Cocking</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Dowden" title="Oliver Dowden">Oliver Dowden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Francois" title="Mark Francois">Mark Francois</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Freeman_(politician)" title="George Freeman (politician)">George Freeman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fuller_(Conservative_politician)" title="Richard Fuller (Conservative politician)">Richard Fuller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Harris" title="Rebecca Harris">Rebecca Harris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holden_(British_politician)" title="Richard Holden (British politician)">Richard Holden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Hudson_(politician)" title="Neil Hudson (politician)">Neil Hudson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Jenkin" title="Bernard Jenkin">Bernard Jenkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Mayhew" title="Jerome Mayhew">Jerome Mayhew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gagan_Mohindra" title="Gagan Mohindra">Gagan Mohindra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Obese-Jecty" title="Ben Obese-Jecty">Ben Obese-Jecty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Priti_Patel" title="Priti Patel">Priti Patel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Spencer" title="Patrick Spencer">Patrick Spencer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blake_Stephenson" title="Blake Stephenson">Blake Stephenson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nick_Timothy" title="Nick Timothy">Nick Timothy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Whittingdale" title="John Whittingdale">John Whittingdale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Wild_(politician)" title="James Wild (politician)">James Wild</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0087DC; color:white;;width:1%">London</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Bacon" title="Gareth Bacon">Gareth Bacon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Blackman" title="Bob Blackman">Bob Blackman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Iain Duncan Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fortune" title="Peter Fortune">Peter Fortune</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louie_French" title="Louie French">Louie French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Lopez_(politician)" title="Julia Lopez (politician)">Julia Lopez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Philp" title="Chris Philp">Chris Philp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Rosindell" title="Andrew Rosindell">Andrew Rosindell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Simmonds" title="David Simmonds">David Simmonds</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0087DC; color:white;;width:1%">South East England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Suella_Braverman" title="Suella Braverman">Suella Braverman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claire_Coutinho" title="Claire Coutinho">Claire Coutinho</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mims_Davies" title="Mims Davies">Mims Davies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Dinenage" title="Caroline Dinenage">Caroline Dinenage</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Gale" title="Roger Gale">Roger Gale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nus_Ghani" title="Nus Ghani">Nus Ghani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Grant_(politician)" title="Helen Grant (politician)">Helen Grant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Griffith" title="Andrew Griffith">Andrew Griffith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alison_Griffiths_(politician)" title="Alison Griffiths (politician)">Alison Griffiths</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Damian_Hinds" title="Damian Hinds">Damian Hinds</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Holmes_(Conservative_politician)" title="Paul Holmes (Conservative politician)">Paul Holmes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Jeremy Hunt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Jopp" title="Lincoln Jopp">Lincoln Jopp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katie_Lam" title="Katie Lam">Katie Lam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Lewis" title="Julian Lewis">Julian Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Mak_(politician)" title="Alan Mak (politician)">Alan Mak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kit_Malthouse" title="Kit Malthouse">Kit Malthouse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joy_Morrissey" title="Joy Morrissey">Joy Morrissey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Mullan" title="Kieran Mullan">Kieran Mullan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Nokes" title="Caroline Nokes">Caroline Nokes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Paul_(British_politician)" title="Rebecca Paul (British politician)">Rebecca Paul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Rankin" title="Jack Rankin">Jack Rankin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Robertson_(politician)" title="Joe Robertson (politician)">Joe Robertson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Smith_(British_politician)" title="Greg Smith (British politician)">Greg Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Spencer_(politician)" title="Ben Spencer (politician)">Ben Spencer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Stafford_(politician)" title="Greg Stafford (politician)">Greg Stafford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Swayne" title="Desmond Swayne">Desmond Swayne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Trott_(politician)" title="Laura Trott (politician)">Laura Trott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tugendhat" title="Tom Tugendhat">Tom Tugendhat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Whately" title="Helen Whately">Helen Whately</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0087DC; color:white;;width:1%">South West England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Chope" title="Christopher Chope">Christopher Chope</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Clifton-Brown" title="Geoffrey Clifton-Brown">Geoffrey Clifton-Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Cox_(British_politician)" title="Geoffrey Cox (British politician)">Geoffrey Cox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Fox" title="Ashley Fox">Ashley Fox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Glen_(politician)" title="John Glen (politician)">John Glen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hoare" title="Simon Hoare">Simon Hoare</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kruger" title="Danny Kruger">Danny Kruger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Murrison" title="Andrew Murrison">Andrew Murrison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Reed_(Conservative_politician)" title="David Reed (Conservative politician)">David Reed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Smith_(politician)" title="Rebecca Smith (politician)">Rebecca Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Stride" title="Mel Stride">Mel Stride</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0087DC; color:white;;width:1%">Scotland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bowie_(politician)" title="Andrew Bowie (politician)">Andrew Bowie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cooper_(British_politician)" title="John Cooper (British politician)">John Cooper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Cross" title="Harriet Cross">Harriet Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Lamont" title="John Lamont">John Lamont</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Mundell" title="David Mundell">David Mundell</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262409#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262409#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262409#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/449149066867865602940">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1272311376">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/bgjHDpQ8">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&oldid=1259028823">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&oldid=1259028823</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1976_births" title="Category:1976 births">1976 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_people_of_Irish_descent" title="Category:English people of Irish descent">English people of Irish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_University_of_Bradford" title="Category:Alumni of the University of Bradford">Alumni of the University of Bradford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commanders_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire">Commanders of the Order of the British Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservative_Party_(UK)_MPs_for_English_constituencies" title="Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies">Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_North_Yorkshire_County_Council" title="Category:Members of North Yorkshire County Council">Members of North Yorkshire County Council</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parliamentary_Private_Secretaries_to_the_Prime_Minister" title="Category:Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister">Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Category:Politicians from Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Politicians from Scarborough, North Yorkshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_2010%E2%80%932015" title="Category:UK MPs 2010–2015">UK MPs 2010–2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_2015%E2%80%932017" title="Category:UK MPs 2015–2017">UK MPs 2015–2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_2017%E2%80%932019" title="Category:UK MPs 2017–2019">UK MPs 2017–2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_2019%E2%80%932024" title="Category:UK MPs 2019–2024">UK MPs 2019–2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_2024%E2%80%93present" title="Category:UK MPs 2024–present">UK MPs 2024–present</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Yorkshire" title="Category:Politicians from Yorkshire">Politicians from Yorkshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Category:Russia–United Kingdom relations">Russia–United Kingdom relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Secretaries_of_State_for_Defence_(UK)" title="Category:Secretaries of State for Defence (UK)">Secretaries of State for Defence (UK)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Secretaries_of_State_for_Education" title="Category:British Secretaries of State for Education">British Secretaries of State for Education</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_Bachelor" title="Category:Knights Bachelor">Knights Bachelor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_victims_of_crime" title="Category:English victims of crime">English victims of crime</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Workplace_harassment_and_bullying" title="Category:Workplace harassment and bullying">Workplace harassment and bullying</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2024">Use dmy dates from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_November_2019" title="Category:Use British English from November 2019">Use British English from November 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 00:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Williamson&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f58cd8b6-9zqn2","wgBackendResponseTime":169,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.490","walltime":"1.922","ppvisitednodes":{"value":20886,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":413768,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":16909,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":457762,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1635.861 1 -total"," 32.17% 526.203 2 Template:Reflist"," 26.05% 426.134 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 22.11% 361.763 74 Template:Cite_news"," 9.68% 158.310 11 Template:Navbox"," 7.80% 127.569 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 6.58% 107.611 1 Template:Commons_category"," 6.55% 107.160 2 Template:Sister_project"," 6.43% 105.170 2 Template:Side_box"," 5.95% 97.336 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.812","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11054872,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7678f45bf4-x6g7b","timestamp":"20241203073211","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gavin Williamson","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gavin_Williamson","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q262409","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q262409","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-05-15T10:12:26Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T00:10:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/44\/Official_portrait_of_Gavin_Williamson_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg","headline":"British Conservative party politician (born 1976)"}</script> </body> </html>