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initiative</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: open access initiative"> <meta name="keywords" content="open access initiative"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="open access initiative"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6604</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: open access initiative</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6364</span> Digital Transformation, Financing Microstructures, and Impact on Well-Being and Income Inequality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koffi%20Sodokin">Koffi Sodokin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Financing microstructures are increasingly seen as a means of financial inclusion and improving overall well-being in developing countries. In practice, digital transformation in finance can accelerate the optimal functioning of financing microstructures, such as access by households to microfinance and microinsurance. Large households' access to finance can lead to a reduction in income inequality and an overall improvement in well-being. This paper explores the impact of access to digital finance and financing microstructures on household well-being and the reduction of income inequality. To this end, we use the propensity score matching, the double difference, and the smooth instrumental quantile regression as estimation methods with two periods of survey data. The paper uses the FinScope consumer data (2016) and the Harmonized Living Standards Measurement Study (2018) from Togo in a comparative perspective. The results indicate that access to digital finance, as a cultural game changer, and to financing microstructures improves overall household well-being and contributes significantly to reducing income inequality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financing%20microstructure" title="financing microstructure">financing microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microinsurance" title=" microinsurance"> microinsurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfinance" title=" microfinance"> microfinance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20finance" title=" digital finance"> digital finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well-being" title=" well-being"> well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income%20inequality" title=" income inequality"> income inequality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163343/digital-transformation-financing-microstructures-and-impact-on-well-being-and-income-inequality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6363</span> The Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution Degree in the Soils Around the Zangezur Copper and Molybdenum Combine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Ghazaryan">K. A. Ghazaryan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20A.%20Gevorgyan"> G. A. Gevorgyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Movsesyan"> H. S. Movsesyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20P.%20Ghazaryan"> N. P. Ghazaryan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20V.%20Grigoryan"> K. V. Grigoryan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heavy metal pollution degree in the soils around the Zangezur copper and molybdenum combine in Syunik Marz, Armenia was aessessed. The results of the study showed that heavy metal pollution degree in the soils mainly decreased with increasing distance from the open mine and the ore enrichment combine which indicated that the open mine and the ore enrichment combine were the main sources of heavy metal pollution. The only exception was observed in the northern part of the open mine where pollution degree in the sites (along the open mine) situated 600 meters far from the mine was higher than that in the sites located 300 meters far from the mine. This can be explained by the characteristics of relief and air currents as well as the weak vegetation cover of these sites and the characteristics of soil structure. According to geo-accumulation index (I-geo), contamination factor (Cf), contamination degree (Cd) and pollution load index (PLI) values, the pollution degree in the soils around the open mine and the ore enrichment combine was higher than that in the soils around the tailing dumps which was due to the proper and accurate operation of the Artsvanik tailing damp and the recultivation of the Voghji tailing dump. The high Cu and Mo pollution of the soils was conditioned by the character of industrial activities, the moving direction of air currents as well as the physicochemical peculiarities of the soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zangezur%20copper%20and%20molybdenum%20combine" title=" Zangezur copper and molybdenum combine"> Zangezur copper and molybdenum combine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal%20pollution%20degree" title=" heavy metal pollution degree"> heavy metal pollution degree</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25256/the-evaluation-of-heavy-metal-pollution-degree-in-the-soils-around-the-zangezur-copper-and-molybdenum-combine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6362</span> E-Government, China Internet Plus, and the One Belt One Road Initiative: The Africa Connection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Kofi%20Mensah">Isaac Kofi Mensah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi%20Jianing"> Mi Jianing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The lack of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) infrastructure in African countries is hampering the successful adoption, development and implementation of e-government in Africa. Electronic government is the use of ICTs to modernize government public administration processes and to provide government services to citizens with a purpose to enhance efficiency, accountability, and transparency in government’s interaction with the citizenry. ICT application in public administration has the potential to modernize and create smarter government and improvement in public service delivery. China’s Internet Plus policy and One Belt One Road strategy present a golden opportunity for countries in Africa to attract the huge financial investment through Chinese IT companies to develop and close Africa’s ICT infrastructure gap. This study recommends the establishment of One Belt One Road ICT Infrastructure Fund for Africa (OBOR ICT Fund for Africa) to enable countries in Africa to source solely for the purpose of ICT infrastructure development in the public sector/government machinery which would in turn promote the adoption and development of e-government in the public sectors of respective countries in Africa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-government" title="e-government">e-government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20service%20delivery" title=" public service delivery"> public service delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20plus" title=" internet plus"> internet plus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one%20belt%20one%20road%20initiative" title=" one belt one road initiative"> one belt one road initiative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title=" Africa"> Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51045/e-government-china-internet-plus-and-the-one-belt-one-road-initiative-the-africa-connection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">678</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6361</span> Full Disclosure Policy: Transparency in Fiscal Administration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joyly%20Jill%20Apud">Joyly Jill Apud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corruption is an all-encompassing issue worldwide. Many attempts have been done to address such cases especially by the government through increasing transparency. The Philippine government increased the mechanism of transparency by opening to public its financial transactions through Full Disclosure Policy – mandating all local governments to post in their websites all financial transactions (Philippine Public Transparency Reporting Project, 2011). For transparency to be fully realized, the challenge lies in creating a mechanism where the constituents are encouraged to engage as social auditors. In line of the said challenge, the study focused in Davao City, Philippines measuring the respondent’s awareness, access and utilization of Full Disclosure Policy (FDP). Particularly, this study determined the significant difference on the awareness, access and utilization of respondents when grouped according to sector and the significant relationship between respondents’ awareness and in the access and utilization of FDP reports. The study used descriptive-correlation, Mean, Anova and Pearson R as statistical treatment. The 120 respondents are from the different sectors of Davao City. These are the Academe, Youth, LGUs, NGOs, Business, and Church groups. The awareness of the respondents was measured in three main categories: Existence of the Policy, Content of the Policy and the Manner of Publication. Access and Utilization of the FDP reports is divided into three: Budget Reports, Procurement Reports and Special Purpose Fund Reports. Results showed that the respondents are moderately aware of the Policy. Though it manifested that the respondents are aware of the disclosure, they are unaware of the Full Disclosure Policy and Full Disclosure Policy Portal. Moreover, the respondents seldom access and utilize all the FDP reports. Further results revealed that there is a significant difference in the awareness and the access and utilization of FDP when grouped according to sector. Moreover, significant relationship in the awareness and the access and utilization of the FDP is evident. It showed that the higher the awareness on FDP, the higher the level of access and utilization on the FDP reports. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title="corruption">corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-governance" title=" e-governance"> e-governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=budget%20transparency" title=" budget transparency"> budget transparency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30213/full-disclosure-policy-transparency-in-fiscal-administration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6360</span> Domestic and Foreign Terrorism: Evaluation of the Breeding Ground</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20K.%20Hung">T. K. Hung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Terrorism acts have occurred across both developed and developing states, with well-identified motivation and causes. For many years, terrorism eradication has become a major topic yet only passive actions were taken in response to acts. The linkage between the location of terrorism occurrence and breeding ground is not well-documented, resulting in the passive approach used in counter-terrorism nowadays. The evaluation investigates all post-9/11 terrorism affairs considering their state capacity, safety, ease of border access control, religion diversity, and technology access, to measure the level of breeding ground of the states. Those "weak" states with poor border access control, resources capacity and domestic safety are the best breeding ground for terrorists. Although many attacks were caused by religious motivation, religion diversity does not predict the breeding ground. States with censored technology access, particular computer-mediated communication, predict on the terrorism breeding ground, moderated by the level of breeding ground of neighboring states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counter-terrorism" title="counter-terrorism">counter-terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lethality" title=" lethality"> lethality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61656/domestic-and-foreign-terrorism-evaluation-of-the-breeding-ground" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6359</span> Spectrum Allocation Using Cognitive Radio in Wireless Mesh Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Alsarhan">Ayoub Alsarhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Otoom"> Ahmed Otoom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousef%20Kilani"> Yousef Kilani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdel-Rahman%20al-GHuwairi"> Abdel-Rahman al-GHuwairi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged recently to improve internet access and other networking services. WMNs provide network access to the clients and other networking functions such as routing, and packet forwarding. Spectrum scarcity is the main challenge that limits the performance of WMNs. Cognitive radio is proposed to solve spectrum scarcity problem. In this paper, we consider a cognitive wireless mesh network where unlicensed users (secondary users, SUs) can access free spectrum that is allocated to spectrum owners (primary users, PUs). Although considerable research has been conducted on spectrum allocation, spectrum assignment is still considered an important challenging problem. This problem can be solved using cognitive radio technology that allows SUs to intelligently locate free bands and access them without interfering with PUs. Our scheme considers several heuristics for spectrum allocation. These heuristics include: channel error rate, PUs activities, channel capacity and channel switching time. Performance evaluation of the proposed scheme shows that the scheme is able to allocate the unused spectrum for SUs efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20radio" title="cognitive radio">cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20spectrum%20access" title=" dynamic spectrum access"> dynamic spectrum access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrum%20management" title=" spectrum management"> spectrum management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrum%20sharing" title=" spectrum sharing"> spectrum sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20mesh%20networks" title=" wireless mesh networks"> wireless mesh networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12925/spectrum-allocation-using-cognitive-radio-in-wireless-mesh-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6358</span> A Multi-criteria Decision Support System for Migrating Legacies into Open Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Almonawer">Nasser Almonawer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Timely reaction to an evolving global business environment and volatile market conditions necessitates system and process flexibility, which in turn demands agile and adaptable architecture and a steady infusion of affordable new technologies. On the contrary, a large number of organizations utilize systems characterized by inflexible and obsolete legacy architectures. To effectively respond to the dynamic contemporary business environments, such architectures must be migrated to robust and modular open architectures. To this end, this paper proposes an integrated decision support system for a seamless migration to open systems. The proposed decision support system (DSS) integrates three well-established quantitative and qualitative decision-making models—namely, the Delphi method, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Goal Programming (GP) to (1) assess risks and establish evaluation criteria; (2) formulate migration strategy and rank candidate systems; and (3) allocate resources among the selected systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20support%20systems" title="decision support systems">decision support systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20systems%20architecture" title=" open systems architecture"> open systems architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20hierarchy%20process%20%28AHP%29" title=" analytic hierarchy process (AHP)"> analytic hierarchy process (AHP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goal%20programming%20%28GP%29" title=" goal programming (GP)"> goal programming (GP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delphi%20method" title=" delphi method"> delphi method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187670/a-multi-criteria-decision-support-system-for-migrating-legacies-into-open-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6357</span> Improving Access to Palliative Care for Heart Failure Patients in England Using a Health Systems Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Hughes">Alex Hughes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Patients with advanced heart failure develop specific palliative care needs due to the progressive symptom burden and unpredictable disease trajectory. NICE guidance advises that palliative care should be provided to patients with both cancer and non-cancer conditions as and when required. However, there is some way to go before this guidance is consistently and effectively implemented nationwide in conditions such as heart failure. The Ambitions for Palliative and End of Life Care: A national framework for local action in England provides a set of foundations and ambitions which outline a vision for what high-quality palliative and end-of-life care look like in England. This poster aims to critically consider how to improve access to palliative care for heart failure patients in England by analysing the foundations taken from this framework to generate specific recommendations using Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). The eight foundations analysed are: ‘Personalised care planning’, ‘Shared records’, ‘Evidence and information’, ‘Involving, supporting and caring for those important to the dying Person’, ‘Education and training’, ‘24/7 access’, ‘Co-design’ and ‘Leadership.’ A number of specific recommendations have been generated which highlight a need to close the evidence-policy gap and implement policy with sufficient evidence. These recommendations, alongside the creation of an evidence-based national strategy for palliative care and heart failure, should improve access to palliative care for heart failure patients in England. Once implemented, it will be necessary to evaluate the effect of these proposals to understand if access to palliative care for heart failure patients actually improves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access" title="access">access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20systems" title=" health systems"> health systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20failure" title=" heart failure"> heart failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palliative%20care" title=" palliative care"> palliative care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146017/improving-access-to-palliative-care-for-heart-failure-patients-in-england-using-a-health-systems-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6356</span> Network Impact of a Social Innovation Initiative in Rural Areas of Southern Italy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Andriano">A. M. Andriano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lombardi"> M. Lombardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Lopolito"> A. Lopolito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Prosperi"> M. Prosperi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Stasi"> A. Stasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Iannuzzi"> E. Iannuzzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In according to the scientific debate on the definition of Social Innovation (SI), the present paper identifies SI as new ideas (products, services, and models) that simultaneously meet social needs and create new social relationships or collaborations. This concept offers important tools to unravel the difficult condition for the agricultural sector in marginalized areas, characterized by the abandonment of activities, low level of farmer education, and low generational renewal, hampering new territorial strategies addressed at and integrated and sustainable development. Models of SI in agriculture, starting from bottom up approach or from the community, are considered to represent the driving force of an ecological and digital revolution. A system based on SI may be able to grasp and satisfy individual and social needs and to promote new forms of entrepreneurship. In this context, Vazapp ('Go Hoeing') is an emerging SI model in southern Italy that promotes solutions for satisfying needs of farmers and facilitates their relationships (creation of network). The Vazapp’s initiative, considered in this study, is the Contadinners ('Farmer’s dinners'), a dinner held at farmer’s house where stakeholders living in the surrounding area know each other and are able to build a network for possible future professional collaborations. The aim of the paper is to identify the evolution of farmers’ relationships, both quantitatively and qualitatively, because of the Contadinner’s initiative organized by Vazapp. To this end, the study adopts the Social Network Analysis (SNA) methodology by using UCINET (Version 6.667) software to analyze the relational structure. Data collection was realized through a questionnaire distributed to 387 participants in the twenty 'Contadinners', held from February 2016 to June 2018. The response rate to the survey was about 50% of farmers. The elaboration data was focused on different aspects, such as: a) the measurement of relational reciprocity among the farmers using the symmetrize method of answers; b) the measurement of the answer reliability using the dichotomize method; c) the description of evolution of social capital using the cohesion method; d) the clustering of the Contadinners' participants in followers and not-followers of Vazapp to evaluate its impact on the local social capital. The results concern the effectiveness of this initiative in generating trustworthy relationships within the rural area of southern Italy, typically affected by individualism and mistrust. The number of relationships represents the quantitative indicator to define the dimension of the network development; while the typologies of relationships (from simple friendship to formal collaborations, for branding new cooperation initiatives) represents the qualitative indicator that offers a diversified perspective of the network impact. From the analysis carried out, Vazapp’s initiative represents surely a virtuous SI model to catalyze the relationships within the rural areas and to develop entrepreneurship based on the real needs of the community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106180/network-impact-of-a-social-innovation-initiative-in-rural-areas-of-southern-italy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6355</span> The Role of Creative Works Dissemination Model in EU Copyright Law Modernization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Linas%20%C5%A0epetys">Tomas Linas Šepetys</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In online content-sharing service platforms, the ability of creators to restrict illicit use of audiovisual creative works has effectively been abolished, largely due to specific infrastructure where a huge volume of copyrighted audiovisual content can be made available to the public. The European Union legislator has attempted to strengthen the positions of creators in the realm of online content-sharing services. Article 17 of the new Digital Single Market Directive considers online content-sharing service providers to carry out acts of communication to the public of any creative content uploaded to their platforms by users and posits requirements to obtain licensing agreements. While such regulation intends to assert authors‘ ability to effectively control the dissemination of their creative works, it also creates threats of parody content overblocking through automated content monitoring. Such potentially paradoxical outcome of the efforts of the EU legislator to deliver economic safeguards for the creators in the online content-sharing service platforms leads to presume lack of informity on legislator‘s part regarding creative works‘ economic exploitation opportunities provided to creators in the online content-sharing infrastructure. Analysis conducted in this scientific research discloses that the aforementioned irregularities of parody and other creative content dissemination are caused by EU legislators‘ lack of assessment of value extraction conditions for parody creators in the online content-sharing service platforms. Historical and modeling research method application reveals the existence of two creative content dissemination models and their unique mechanisms of commercial value creation. Obligations to obtain licenses and liability over creative content uploaded to their platforms by users set in Article 17 of the Digital Single Market Directive represent technological replication of the proprietary dissemination model where the creator is able to restrict access to creative content apart from licensed retail channels. The online content-sharing service platforms represent an open dissemination model where the economic potential of creative content is based on the infrastructure of unrestricted access by users and partnership with advertising services offered by the platform. Balanced modeling of proprietary dissemination models in such infrastructure requires not only automated content monitoring measures but also additional regulatory monitoring solutions to separate parody and other types of creative content. An example of the Digital Single Market Directive proves that regulation can dictate not only the technological establishment of a proprietary dissemination model but also a partial reduction of the open dissemination model and cause a disbalance between the economic interests of creators relying on such models. The results of this scientific research conclude an informative role of the creative works dissemination model in the EU copyright law modernization process. A thorough understanding of the commercial prospects of the open dissemination model intrinsic to the online content-sharing service platform structure requires and encourages EU legislators to regulate safeguards for parody content dissemination. Implementing such safeguards would result in a common application of proprietary and open dissemination models in the online content-sharing service platforms and balanced protection of creators‘ economic interests explicitly based on those creative content dissemination models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright%20law" title="copyright law">copyright law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20works%20dissemination%20model" title=" creative works dissemination model"> creative works dissemination model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20single%20market%20directive" title=" digital single market directive"> digital single market directive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20content-sharing%20services" title=" online content-sharing services"> online content-sharing services</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156264/the-role-of-creative-works-dissemination-model-in-eu-copyright-law-modernization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6354</span> Performance Analysis of Multichannel OCDMA-FSO Network under Different Pervasive Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saru%20Arora">Saru Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anurag%20Sharma"> Anurag Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harsukhpreet%20Singh"> Harsukhpreet Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To meet the growing need of high data rate and bandwidth, various efforts has been made nowadays for the efficient communication systems. Optical Code Division Multiple Access over Free space optics communication system seems an effective role for providing transmission at high data rate with low bit error rate and low amount of multiple access interference. This paper demonstrates the OCDMA over FSO communication system up to the range of 7000 m at a data rate of 5 Gbps. Initially, the 8 user OCDMA-FSO system is simulated and pseudo orthogonal codes are used for encoding. Also, the simulative analysis of various performance parameters like power and core effective area that are having an effect on the Bit error rate (BER) of the system is carried out. The simulative analysis reveals that the length of the transmission is limited by the multi-access interference (MAI) effect which arises when the number of users increases in the system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FSO" title="FSO">FSO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSO" title=" PSO"> PSO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bit%20error%20rate%20%28BER%29" title=" bit error rate (BER)"> bit error rate (BER)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opti%20system%20simulation" title=" opti system simulation"> opti system simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20access%20interference%20%28MAI%29" title=" multiple access interference (MAI)"> multiple access interference (MAI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=q-factor" title=" q-factor"> q-factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48171/performance-analysis-of-multichannel-ocdma-fso-network-under-different-pervasive-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6353</span> Biodiversity and Biotechnology: Some Considerations about the International Regulation of Agriculture and the International Legal System on Access to Genetic Resources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leandro%20Moura%20da%20Silva">Leandro Moura da Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The international community has strived to create legal mechanisms to protect their biodiversity, but this can represent, sometimes, particularly in the case of regulatory regime on access to genetic resources, an excessive nationalism which transforms itself into a significant obstacle to scientific progress causing damages to the country and to local farmers. Although it has been poorly publicized in the media, the international legal system was marked, in 2014, by the entry into force of the Nagoya Protocol, which regulates the access and benefit sharing of genetic resources of the States Party to that legal instrument. However, it’s not reasonable to think of regulating access to genetic resources without reflecting on the links of this important subject with other related issues, such as family farming and agribusiness, food safety, food security, intellectual property rights (on seeds, genetic material, new plant varieties, etc.), environmental sustainability, biodiversity, and biosafety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title="international law">international law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation%20on%20agriculture" title=" regulation on agriculture"> regulation on agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agronomy%20techniques" title=" agronomy techniques"> agronomy techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20resources%20and%20new%20crop%20varieties" title=" genetic resources and new crop varieties"> genetic resources and new crop varieties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBD" title=" CBD"> CBD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagoya%20Protocol" title=" Nagoya Protocol"> Nagoya Protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITPGRFA" title=" ITPGRFA"> ITPGRFA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34512/biodiversity-and-biotechnology-some-considerations-about-the-international-regulation-of-agriculture-and-the-international-legal-system-on-access-to-genetic-resources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6352</span> The School Based Support Program: An Evaluation of a Comprehensive School Reform Initiative in the State of Qatar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Abu-Tineh">Abdullah Abu-Tineh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youmen%20Chaaban"> Youmen Chaaban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the development of a professional development (PD) model for teacher growth and learning that is embedded into the school context. The School based Support Program (SBSP), designed for the Qatari context, targets the practices, knowledge and skills of both school leadership and teachers in an attempt to improve student learning outcomes. Key aspects of the model include the development of learning communities among teachers, strong leadership that supports school improvement activities, and the use of research-based PD to improve teacher practices and student achievement. This paper further presents findings from an evaluation of this PD program. Based on an adaptation of Guskey’s evaluation of PD models, 100 teachers at the participating schools were selected for classroom observations and 40 took part in in-depth interviews to examine changed classroom practices. The impact of the PD program on student learning was also examined. Teachers’ practices and their students’ achievement in English, Arabic, mathematics and science were measured at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initiative" title="initiative">initiative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20development" title=" professional development"> professional development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20based%20support%20Program%20%28SBSP%29" title=" school based support Program (SBSP)"> school based support Program (SBSP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20reform" title=" school reform"> school reform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40262/the-school-based-support-program-an-evaluation-of-a-comprehensive-school-reform-initiative-in-the-state-of-qatar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6351</span> Management of Tibial Bone Defects Following Grade Three Injury in Adults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajendra%20Kumar%20Kanojia">Rajendra Kumar Kanojia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background; Massive bone gaps are common following road side accidents and injury to the tibia, specially open grade three fractures. It has been seen that the diaphyseal fractures in the tibia are prone to non-union, there are certain reasons known very well, like less soft tissues around the lower third tibia, less vascularity, less options of fixation of the fractures after trauma and prolonged surgical time, operation theatre time and special surgical means. Aim of study; To know the suitability of the ilizarov ring fixators in staged treatment of the fracture of the both bones leg, including tibia, we wish to see the role of ilizarov in management of open grade three fractures which have been operated and debrided, for getting the length use of ilizaorv ring in a tertiary canter is the aim of the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20fracture" title="open fracture">open fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staged%20management" title=" staged management"> staged management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ilizarov" title=" ilizarov"> ilizarov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20grafting" title=" bone grafting"> bone grafting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lengthening" title=" lengthening"> lengthening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36467/management-of-tibial-bone-defects-following-grade-three-injury-in-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6350</span> Access to Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) Education and Services to Deaf Adolescents in Wakiso, Uganda - The Ugandan Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Racheal%20Ayanga">Racheal Ayanga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nancy%20Katumba%20Muwangala"> Nancy Katumba Muwangala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jane%20Babirye"> Jane Babirye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harriet%20Kivumbi"> Harriet Kivumbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Deaf adolescents are vulnerable. Deafness limits their access to resources that are accessed by their hearing peers. There is minimal attention placed on the SRH needs of persons with disabilities, especially in developing countries. We sought to assess barriers to access of SRH education and services for deaf adolescents in Uganda. Methods: We performed a cross sectional study using a questionnaire on knowledge of and access to SRH education and services from a selected sample of deaf adolescents aged 13-19 years at Wakiso Secondary school for the deaf. A consecutive sample of eligible participants was asked to join the study after obtaining informed consent until the target sample size was reached. Results: From 01 Jul 2022 to 30 Jan 2023, 70 quantitative interviews were conducted. Participants’ mean age was 17 years, and 66% were female. 89% had heard about several components of SRH. 99% reported a need for education and services but had challenges with access 85% of the time. 54% reported receipt of education and services from government or private facilities, and the rest from friends, parents, siblings, teachers and the internet. Conclusion: Government needs to look into availing tailored, sustainable SRH education/services to deaf adolescents at health facilities and teach health workers sign language. SRH education to parents, teachers and communities of deaf adolescents improves access in hard-to-reach areas. Integration of services into routine health care is key in creating and improving models of access to wider communities of persons with disabilities to improve their mental health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20and%20reproductive%20health" title="sexual and reproductive health">sexual and reproductive health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deaf" title=" deaf"> deaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title=" adolescents"> adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=services" title=" services"> services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disabilities" title=" disabilities"> disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard-to-reach%20areas" title=" hard-to-reach areas"> hard-to-reach areas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169444/access-to-sexual-reproductive-health-srh-education-and-services-to-deaf-adolescents-in-wakiso-uganda-the-ugandan-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6349</span> The Political Economy of Media Privatisation in Egypt: State Mechanisms and Continued Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Elmeshad">Mohamed Elmeshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the mid-1990's Egypt had become obliged to implement the Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Program that included broad economic liberalization, expansion of the private sector and a contraction the size of government spending. This coincided as well with attempts to appear more democratic and open to liberalizing public space and discourse. At the same time, economic pressures and the proliferation of social media access and activism had led to increased pressure to open a mediascape and remove it from the clutches of the government, which had monopolized print and broadcast mass media for over 4 decades by that point. However, the mechanisms that governed the privatization of mass media allowed for sustained government control, even through the prism of ostensibly privately owned newspapers and television stations. These mechanisms involve barriers to entry from a financial and security perspective, as well as operational capacities of distribution and access to means of production. The power dynamics between mass media establishments and the state were moulded during this period in a novel way. Power dynamics within media establishments had also formed under such circumstances. The changes in the country's political economy itself somehow mirrored these developments. This paper will examine these dynamics and shed light on the political economy of Egypt's newly privatized mass media in the early 2000's especially. Methodology: This study will rely on semi-structured interviews from individuals involved with these changes from the perspective of the media organizations. It also will map out the process of media privatization by looking at the administrative, operative and legislative institutions and contexts in order to attempt to draw conclusions on methods of control and the role of the state during the process of privatization. Finally, a brief discourse analysis will be necessary in order to aptly convey how these factors ultimately reflected on media output. Findings and conclusion: The development of Egyptian private, “independent” mirrored the trajectory of transitions in the country’s political economy. Liberalization of the economy meant that a growing class of business owners would explore opportunities that such new markets would offer. However the regime’s attempts to control access to certain forms of capital, especially in sectors such as the media affected the structure of print and broadcast media, as well as the institutions that would govern them. Like the process of liberalisation, much of the regime’s manoeuvring with regards to privatization of media had been haphazardly used to indirectly expand the regime and its ruling party’s ability to retain influence, while creating a believable façade of openness. In this paper, we will attempt to uncover these mechanisms and analyse our findings in ways that explain how the manifestations prevalent in the context of a privatizing media space in a transitional Egypt provide evidence of both the intentions of this transition, and the ways in which it was being held back. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business" title="business">business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20media" title=" mass media"> mass media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20economy" title=" political economy"> political economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privatisation" title=" privatisation"> privatisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95568/the-political-economy-of-media-privatisation-in-egypt-state-mechanisms-and-continued-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6348</span> Remote Wireless Communications Lab in Real Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Miloudi%20Djelloul">El Miloudi Djelloul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technology nowadays enables the remote access to laboratory equipment and instruments via Internet. This is especially useful in engineering education, where students can conduct laboratory experiment remotely. Such remote laboratory access can enable student to use expensive laboratory equipment, which is not usually available to students. In this paper, we present a method of creating a Web-based Remote Laboratory Experimentation in the master degree course “Wireless Communications Systems” which is part of “ICS (Information and Communication Systems)” and “Investment Management in Telecommunications” curriculums. This is done within the RIPLECS Project and the NI2011 FF005 Research Project “Implementation of Project-Based Learning in an Interdisciplinary Master Program”. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20access" title="remote access">remote access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20laboratory" title=" remote laboratory"> remote laboratory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20telecommunications" title=" wireless telecommunications"> wireless telecommunications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20antenna-switching%20controller%20board%20%28EASCB%29" title=" external antenna-switching controller board (EASCB)"> external antenna-switching controller board (EASCB)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20947/remote-wireless-communications-lab-in-real-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6347</span> Generating Biogas from Municipal Kitchen Waste: An Experience from Gaibandha, Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taif%20Rocky">Taif Rocky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uttam%20Saha"> Uttam Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahobul%20Islam"> Mahobul Islam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With a rapid urbanisation in Bangladesh, waste management remains one of the core challenges. Turning municipal waste into biogas for mass usage is a solution that Bangladesh needs to adopt urgently. Practical Action with its commitment to challenging poverty with technological justice has piloted such idea in Gaibandha. The initiative received immense success and drew the attention of policy makers and practitioners. We believe, biogas from waste can highly contribute to meet the growing demand for energy in the country at present and in the future. Practical Action has field based experience in promoting small scale and innovative technologies. We have proven track record in integrated solid waste management. We further utilized this experience to promote waste to biogas at end users’ level. In 2011, we have piloted a project on waste to biogas in Gaibandha, a northern secondary town of Bangladesh. With resource and support from UNICEF and with our own innovative funds we have established a complete chain of utilizing waste to the renewable energy source and organic fertilizer. Biogas is produced from municipal solid waste, which is properly collected, transported and segregated by private entrepreneurs. The project has two major focuses, diversification of biogas end use and establishing a public-private partnership business model. The project benefits include Recycling of Wastes, Improved institutional (municipal) capacity, Livelihood from improved services and Direct Income from the project. Project risks include Change of municipal leadership, Traditional mindset, Access to decision making, Land availability. We have observed several outcomes from the initiative. Up scaling such an initiative will certainly contribute for sustainable cleaner and healthier urban environment and urban poverty reduction. - It reduces the unsafe disposal of wastes which improve the cleanliness and environment of the town. -Make drainage system effective reducing the adverse impact of water logging or flooding. -Improve public health from better management of wastes. -Promotes usage of biogas replacing the use of firewood/coal which creates smoke and indoor air pollution in kitchens which have long term impact on health of women and children. -Reduce the greenhouse gas emission from the anaerobic recycling of wastes and contributes to sustainable urban environment. -Promote the concept of agroecology from the uses of bio slurry/compost which contributes to food security. -Creates green jobs from waste value chain which impacts on poverty alleviation of urban extreme poor. -Improve municipal governance from inclusive waste services and functional partnership with private sectors. -Contribute to the implementation of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Strategy and Employment Creation of extreme poor to achieve the target set in Vision 2021 by Government of Bangladesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kitchen%20waste" title="kitchen waste">kitchen waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20town" title=" secondary town"> secondary town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title=" biogas"> biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segregation" title=" segregation"> segregation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53815/generating-biogas-from-municipal-kitchen-waste-an-experience-from-gaibandha-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6346</span> Improving Rural Access to Specialist Emergency Mental Health Care: Using a Time and Motion Study in the Evaluation of a Telepsychiatry Program</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emily%20Saurman">Emily Saurman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Lyle"> David Lyle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Australia, a well serviced rural town might have a psychiatrist visit once-a-month with more frequent visits from a psychiatric nurse, but many have no resident access to mental health specialists. Access to specialist care, would not only reduce patient distress and benefit outcomes, but facilitate the effective use of limited resources. The Mental Health Emergency Care-Rural Access Program (MHEC-RAP) was developed to improve access to specialist emergency mental health care in rural and remote communities using telehealth technologies. However, there has been no current benchmark to gauge program efficiency or capacity; to determine whether the program activity is justifiably sufficient. The evaluation of MHEC-RAP used multiple methods and applied a modified theory of access to assess the program and its aim of improved access to emergency mental health care. This was the first evaluation of a telepsychiatry service to include a time and motion study design examining program time expenditure, efficiency, and capacity. The time and motion study analysis was combined with an observational study of the program structure and function to assess the balance between program responsiveness and efficiency. Previous program studies have demonstrated that MHEC-RAP has improved access and is used and effective. The findings from the time and motion study suggest that MHEC-RAP has the capacity to manage increased activity within the current model structure without loss to responsiveness or efficiency in the provision of care. Enhancing program responsiveness and efficiency will also support a claim of the program’s value for money. MHEC-RAP is a practical telehealth solution for improving access to specialist emergency mental health care. The findings from this evaluation have already attracted the attention of other regions in Australia interested in implementing emergency telepsychiatry programs and are now informing the progressive establishment of mental health resource centres in rural New South Wales. Like MHEC-RAP, these centres will provide rapid, safe, and contextually relevant assessments and advice to support local health professionals to manage mental health emergencies in the smaller rural emergency departments. Sharing the application of this methodology and research activity may help to improve access to and future evaluations of telehealth and telepsychiatry services for others around the globe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access" title="access">access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency" title=" emergency"> emergency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural" title=" rural"> rural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20and%20motion" title=" time and motion"> time and motion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58037/improving-rural-access-to-specialist-emergency-mental-health-care-using-a-time-and-motion-study-in-the-evaluation-of-a-telepsychiatry-program" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6345</span> Building Data Infrastructure for Public Use and Informed Decision Making in Developing Countries-Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Busayo%20Fashoto">Busayo Fashoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulhakeem%20Shaibu"> Abdulhakeem Shaibu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justice%20Agbadu"> Justice Agbadu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Aiyeoribe"> Samuel Aiyeoribe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data has gone from just rows and columns to being an infrastructure itself. The traditional medium of data infrastructure has been managed by individuals in different industries and saved on personal work tools; one of such is the laptop. This hinders data sharing and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9 for infrastructure sustainability across all countries and regions. However, there has been a constant demand for data across different agencies and ministries by investors and decision-makers. The rapid development and adoption of open-source technologies that promote the collection and processing of data in new ways and in ever-increasing volumes are creating new data infrastructure in sectors such as lands and health, among others. This paper examines the process of developing data infrastructure and, by extension, a data portal to provide baseline data for sustainable development and decision making in Nigeria. This paper employs the FAIR principle (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) of data management using open-source technology tools to develop data portals for public use. eHealth Africa, an organization that uses technology to drive public health interventions in Nigeria, developed a data portal which is a typical data infrastructure that serves as a repository for various datasets on administrative boundaries, points of interest, settlements, social infrastructure, amenities, and others. This portal makes it possible for users to have access to datasets of interest at any point in time at no cost. A skeletal infrastructure of this data portal encompasses the use of open-source technology such as Postgres database, GeoServer, GeoNetwork, and CKan. These tools made the infrastructure sustainable, thus promoting the achievement of SDG 9 (Industries, Innovation, and Infrastructure). As of 6th August 2021, a wider cross-section of 8192 users had been created, 2262 datasets had been downloaded, and 817 maps had been created from the platform. This paper shows the use of rapid development and adoption of technologies that facilitates data collection, processing, and publishing in new ways and in ever-increasing volumes. In addition, the paper is explicit on new data infrastructure in sectors such as health, social amenities, and agriculture. Furthermore, this paper reveals the importance of cross-sectional data infrastructures for planning and decision making, which in turn can form a central data repository for sustainable development across developing countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20portal" title="data portal">data portal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20infrastructure" title=" data infrastructure"> data infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20source" title=" open source"> open source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139524/building-data-infrastructure-for-public-use-and-informed-decision-making-in-developing-countries-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6344</span> Citizenship Education and Access to Information for Political Socialization and Unity in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alh%20Rauf%20Bello%20Bella">Alh Rauf Bello Bella</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of citizenship education if properly executed is to create awareness and enlightenment in the society to bring tolerance and political unity among the people. For the citizenry to have a meaningful participation for the achievement of this objective in a modern society where democracy thrives, all citizens should also have access to information on all matters affecting their lives and well-being. The paper therefore examines the scope of citizenship education and the complementary role of information providers in the quest for political socialization and national unity. It emphasizes some issues of national unity which should be addressed through proper enlightenment of the citizenry and access to relevant and timely information at the grassroots. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizenship%20education" title="citizenship education">citizenship education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20unity" title=" national unity"> national unity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20socialization" title=" political socialization"> political socialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22651/citizenship-education-and-access-to-information-for-political-socialization-and-unity-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22651.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6343</span> Concept Mapping of Teachers Regarding Conflict Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahir%20Mehmood">Tahir Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mumtaz%20Akhter"> Mumtaz Akhter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The global need for conflict management is greater now in the early 21st century than ever before. According to UNESCO, half of the world’s 195 countries will have to expand their stock of educationist significantly, some by tens of thousands, if the goal development targets are desired to achieve. Socioeconomic inequities, political instability, demographic changes and crises such as the HIV/AIDs epidemic have engendered huge shortfalls in teacher supply and low teacher quality in many developing countries. Education serves as back bone in development process. Open learning and distance education programs are serving as pivotal part of development process. It is now clear that ‘bricks and mortar’ approaches to expanding teacher education may not be adequate if the current and projected shortfalls in teacher supply and low teacher quality are to be properly addressed. The study is designed to measure the perceptions of teaching learning community about conflict management with special reference to open and distance learning. It was descriptive study which targeted teachers, students, community members and experts. Data analysis was carried out by using statistical techniques served by SPSS. Findings reflected that audience perceives open and distance learning as change agent and as development tool. It is noticed that target audience has driven prominent performance by using facility of open and distance learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict%20management" title="conflict management">conflict management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20and%20distance%20learning" title=" open and distance learning"> open and distance learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers" title=" teachers"> teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43674/concept-mapping-of-teachers-regarding-conflict-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6342</span> Factors Leading to the Renegotiation of Private Finance Initiative Design-Build-Finance-Operate Road Projects in the UK</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajibola%20Fatokun">Ajibola Fatokun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akintola%20Akintoye"> Akintola Akintoye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Champika%20%20Liyanage"> Champika Liyanage</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issue of renegotiation has not received public sector applause because of the outcomes recorded over years. Numerous reasons have been adduced by the stakeholders for the renegotiation of PPP road projects. In some instances, the reason can also be the factor leading to the renegotiation of PFI (DBFO) road projects. Thus, a number of factors inform the decision of the primary stakeholders to renegotiate the contract. This paper, therefore, evaluates and assesses the factors leading to the renegotiation of PFI (DBFO) road projects in the UK. Qualitative interviews involving both public and private stakeholders were extensively adopted on five PFI (DBFO) case study road projects in order to address the aim of this study. This serves to complement the findings of the literature with respect to the factors leading to the renegotiation of PPP road projects. The findings of this research reveal the respective factors leading to the renegotiations of PFI (DBFO) road projects in the UK. However, the prominent factors are a change in scope of the works necessitating works removal and an addition of assets, change in standards and obsolete specification occasioned by the long duration of the PFI road project concession among others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renegotiation" title="renegotiation">renegotiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors" title=" factors"> factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Private%20Finance%20Initiative%20%28PFI%29" title=" Private Finance Initiative (PFI)"> Private Finance Initiative (PFI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design-build-finance-operate%20%28DBFO%29%20road%20projects" title=" design-build-finance-operate (DBFO) road projects"> design-build-finance-operate (DBFO) road projects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71765/factors-leading-to-the-renegotiation-of-private-finance-initiative-design-build-finance-operate-road-projects-in-the-uk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6341</span> Focus Group Study Exploring Researchers Perspective on Open Science Policy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20T.%20Svahn">E. T. Svahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge about the factors that influence the exchange between research and society is of the utmost importance for developing collaboration between different actors, especially in future science policy development and the creation of support structures for researchers. Among other things, how researchers look at the surrounding open science policy environment and what conditions and attitudes they have for interacting with it. This paper examines the Finnish researchers' attitudes towards open science policies in 2020. Open science is an integrated part of researchers' daily lives and supports not only the effectiveness of research outputs but also the quality of research. Open science policy in ideal situation is seen as a supporting structure that enables the exchange between research and society, but in other situation, it can end up being red tape generating obstacles and hindering possibilities of making science in an efficient way. Results of this study were carried out through focus group interviews. This qualitative research method was selected because it aims to understand the phenomenon under study. In addition, focus group interviews produce diverse and rich material that would not be available with other research methods. Focus group interviews have well-established applications in social science, especially in understanding the perspectives and experiences of research subjects. In this study, focus groups were used in studying the mindset and actions of researchers. Each group's size was between 4-10 people, and the aim was to bring out different perspectives on the subject. The interviewer enabled the presentation of different perceptions and opinions, and the focus group interviews were recorded and written as text. The material was analysed using grounded theory method. The results are presented as thematic areas, theoretical model, and as direct quotations. Attitudes towards open science policy can vary greatly depending on the research area. This study shows that the open science policy demands in medicine, technology, and natural sciences compared to social sciences, educational sciences, and the humanities, varies somewhat. The variation in attitudes between different research areas can thus be largely explained by the fact that the research output and ethical code vary significantly between certain subjects. This study aims to increase understanding of the nuances to what extent open science policies should be tailored for different disciplines and research areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focus%20group%20interview" title="focus group interview">focus group interview</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grounded%20theory" title=" grounded theory"> grounded theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20science%20policy" title=" open science policy"> open science policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20policy" title=" science policy"> science policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126940/focus-group-study-exploring-researchers-perspective-on-open-science-policy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6340</span> Multicenter Evaluation of the ACCESS HBsAg and ACCESS HBsAg Confirmatory Assays on the DxI 9000 ACCESS Immunoassay Analyzer, for the Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanessa%20Roulet">Vanessa Roulet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marc%20Turini"> Marc Turini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliane%20Hey"> Juliane Hey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=St%C3%A9phanie%20Bord-Romeu"> Stéphanie Bord-Romeu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emilie%20Bonzom"> Emilie Bonzom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Badawi"> Mahmoud Badawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed-Amine%20Chakir"> Mohammed-Amine Chakir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Val%C3%A9rie%20Simon"> Valérie Simon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanessa%20Viotti"> Vanessa Viotti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%A9r%C3%A9mie%20Gautier"> Jérémie Gautier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fran%C3%A7oise%20Le%20Boulaire"> Françoise Le Boulaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20Coignard"> Catherine Coignard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claire%20Vincent"> Claire Vincent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandrine%20Greaume"> Sandrine Greaume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabelle%20Voisin"> Isabelle Voisin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Beckman Coulter, Inc. has recently developed fully automated assays for the detection of HBsAg on a new immunoassay platform. The objective of this European multicenter study was to evaluate the performance of the ACCESS HBsAg and ACCESS HBsAg Confirmatory assays† on the recently CE-marked DxI 9000 ACCESS Immunoassay Analyzer. Methods: The clinical specificity of the ACCESS HBsAg and HBsAg Confirmatory assays was determined using HBsAg-negative samples from blood donors and hospitalized patients. The clinical sensitivity was determined using presumed HBsAg-positive samples. Sample HBsAg status was determined using a CE-marked HBsAg assay (Abbott ARCHITECT HBsAg Qualitative II, Roche Elecsys HBsAg II, or Abbott PRISM HBsAg assay) and a CE-marked HBsAg confirmatory assay (Abbott ARCHITECT HBsAg Qualitative II Confirmatory or Abbott PRISM HBsAg Confirmatory assay) according to manufacturer package inserts and pre-determined testing algorithms. False initial reactive rate was determined on fresh hospitalized patient samples. The sensitivity for the early detection of HBV infection was assessed internally on thirty (30) seroconversion panels. Results: Clinical specificity was 99.95% (95% CI, 99.86 – 99.99%) on 6047 blood donors and 99.71% (95%CI, 99.15 – 99.94%) on 1023 hospitalized patient samples. A total of six (6) samples were found false positive with the ACCESS HBsAg assay. None were confirmed for the presence of HBsAg with the ACCESS HBsAg Confirmatory assay. Clinical sensitivity on 455 HBsAg-positive samples was 100.00% (95% CI, 99.19 – 100.00%) for the ACCESS HBsAg assay alone and for the ACCESS HBsAg Confirmatory assay. The false initial reactive rate on 821 fresh hospitalized patient samples was 0.24% (95% CI, 0.03 – 0.87%). Results obtained on 30 seroconversion panels demonstrated that the ACCESS HBsAg assay had equivalent sensitivity performances compared to the Abbott ARCHITECT HBsAg Qualitative II assay with an average bleed difference since first reactive bleed of 0.13. All bleeds found reactive in ACCESS HBsAg assay were confirmed in ACCESS HBsAg Confirmatory assay. Conclusion: The newly developed ACCESS HBsAg and ACCESS HBsAg Confirmatory assays from Beckman Coulter have demonstrated high clinical sensitivity and specificity, equivalent to currently marketed HBsAg assays, as well as a low false initial reactive rate. †Pending achievement of CE compliance; not yet available for in vitro diagnostic use. 2023-11317 Beckman Coulter and the Beckman Coulter product and service marks mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of Beckman Coulter, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dxi%209000%20access%20immunoassay%20analyzer" title="dxi 9000 access immunoassay analyzer">dxi 9000 access immunoassay analyzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hbsag" title=" hbsag"> hbsag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hbv" title=" hbv"> hbv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20b%20surface%20antigen" title=" hepatitis b surface antigen"> hepatitis b surface antigen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20b%20virus" title=" hepatitis b virus"> hepatitis b virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunoassay" title=" immunoassay"> immunoassay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164572/multicenter-evaluation-of-the-access-hbsag-and-access-hbsag-confirmatory-assays-on-the-dxi-9000-access-immunoassay-analyzer-for-the-detection-of-hepatitis-b-surface-antigen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6339</span> River Catchment’s Demography and the Dynamics of Access to Clean Water in the Rural South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiseyon%20Sunday%20Hosu">Yiseyon Sunday Hosu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motebang%20Dominic%20Vincent%20Nakin"> Motebang Dominic Vincent Nakin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elphina%20N.%20Cishe"> Elphina N. Cishe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Universal access to clean and safe drinking water and basic sanitation is one of the targets of the 6th Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper explores the evidence-based indicators of Water Rights Acts (2013) among households in the rural communities in the Mthatha River catchment of OR Tambo District Municipality of South Africa. Daily access to minimum 25 litres/person and the factors influencing clean water access were investigated in the catchment. A total number of 420 households were surveyed in the upper, peri-urban, lower and coastal regions of Mthatha Rivier catchment. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted on the data collected from the households to elicit vital information on domestic water security among rural community dwellers. The results show that approximately 68 percent of total households surveyed have access to the required minimum 25 litre/person/day, with 66.3 percent in upper region, 76 per cent in the peri-urban, 1.1 percent in the lower and 2.3 percent in the coastal regions. Only 30 percent among the total surveyed households had access to piped water either in the house or public taps. The logistic regression showed that access to clean water was influenced by lack of water infrastructure, proximity to urban regions, daily flow of pipe-borne water, household size and distance to public taps. This paper recommends that viable integrated rural community-based water infrastructure provision strategies between NGOs and local authority and the promotion of point of use (POU) technologies to enhance better access to clean water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20water" title="domestic water">domestic water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20technology" title=" household technology"> household technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20security" title=" water security"> water security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20community" title=" rural community"> rural community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58428/river-catchments-demography-and-the-dynamics-of-access-to-clean-water-in-the-rural-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6338</span> An Approach to Integrate Ontologies of Open Educational Resources in Knowledge Base Management Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firas%20A.%20Al%20Laban">Firas A. Al Laban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Chabi"> Mohamed Chabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sammani%20Danwawu%20Abdullahi"> Sammani Danwawu Abdullahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are a real needs to integrate types of Open Educational Resources (OER) with an intelligent system to extract information and knowledge in the semantic searching level. Those needs raised because most of current learning standard adopted web based learning and the e-learning systems does not always serve all educational goals. Semantic Web systems provide educators, students, and researchers with intelligent queries based on a semantic knowledge management learning system. An ontology-based learning system is an advanced system, where ontology plays the core of the semantic web in a smart learning environment. The objective of this paper is to discuss the potentials of ontologies and mapping different kinds of ontologies; heterogeneous or homogenous to manage and control different types of Open Educational Resources. The important contribution of this research is to approach a methodology uses logical rules and conceptual relations to map between ontologies of different educational resources. We expect from this methodology to establish for an intelligent educational system supporting student tutoring, self and lifelong learning system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20management%20systems" title="knowledge management systems">knowledge management systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontologies" title=" ontologies"> ontologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20web" title=" semantic web"> semantic web</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20educational%20resources" title=" open educational resources "> open educational resources </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27021/an-approach-to-integrate-ontologies-of-open-educational-resources-in-knowledge-base-management-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6337</span> Legal Theories Underpinning Access to Justice for Victims of Sexual Violence in Refugee Camps in Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20E.%20Eberechi">O. E. Eberechi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20P.%20Stevens"> G. P. Stevens</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Legal theory has been referred to as the explanation of why things do or do not happen. It also describes situations and why they ensue. It provides a normative framework by which things are regulated and a foundation for the establishment of legal mechanisms/institutions that can bring about a desired change in a society. Furthermore, it offers recommendations in resolving practical problems and describes what the law is, what the law ought to be and defines the legal landscape generally. Some legal theories provide a universal standard, e.g. human rights, while others are capable of organizing and streamlining the collective use, and, by extension, bring order to society. Legal theory is used to explain how the world works and how it does not work. This paper will argue for the application of the principles of legal theory in the achievement of access to justice for female victims of sexual violence in refugee camps in Africa through the analysis of legal theories underpinning the access to justice for these women. It is a known fact that female refugees in camps in Africa often experience some form of sexual violation. The perpetrators of these incidents may never be apprehended, prosecuted, convicted or sentenced. Where prosecution does occur, the perpetrators are either acquitted as a result of poor investigation, inept prosecution, a lack of evidence, or the case may be dismissed owing to tardiness on the part of the prosecutor, which accounts for the culture of impunity in refugee camps. In other words, victims do not have access to the justice that could ameliorate the plight of the victims. There is, thus, a need for a legal framework that will facilitate access to justice for these victims. This paper will start with an introduction, and be followed by the definition of legal theory, its functions and its application in law. Secondly, it will provide a brief explanation of the problems faced by female refugees who are victims of sexual violence in refugee camps in Africa. Thirdly, it will embark on an analysis of theories which will be a help to an understanding of the precarious situation of female refugees, why they are violated, the need for access to justice for these victims, and the principles of legal theory in its usefulness in resolving access to justice for these victims. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access%20to%20justice" title="access to justice">access to justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underpinning%20legal%20theory" title=" underpinning legal theory"> underpinning legal theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refugee" title=" refugee"> refugee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20violence" title=" sexual violence"> sexual violence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46718/legal-theories-underpinning-access-to-justice-for-victims-of-sexual-violence-in-refugee-camps-in-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6336</span> Combating the Practice of Open Defecation through Appropriate Communication Strategies in Rural India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santiagomani%20Alex%20Parimalam">Santiagomani Alex Parimalam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lack of awareness on the consequences of open defecation and myths and misconceptions related to use of toilets have led to the continued practice of open defecation in India. Government of India initiated a multi-pronged intensive communication campaign against the practice of open defecation in the last few years. The primary vision of this communication campaign was to provide increased demand for toilets and to ensure that all have access to safe sanitation. The campaign strategy included the use of mass media, group and folk media, and interpersonal communication to expedite achieving its objectives. The campaign included the use of various media such as posters, wall writings, slides in cinema theatres, kiosks, pamphlets, newsletters, flip charts and folk media to bring behavioural changes in the communities. The author did a concurrent monitoring and process documentation of the campaigns initiated by the state of Tamilnandu, India between 2013 and 2016 commissioned by UNICEF India. The study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the communication campaigns in combating the practice of open defecation and promote construction of toilets in the state of Tamilnadu, India. Initial findings revealed the gap in understanding the audience and the use of appropriate media. The first phase of the communication campaign by name as Chi Chi Chollapa (bringing shame concept) also revealed that use of interpersonal communication, group and community media were the most effective strategy in reaching the rural masses. The failure of various other media used especially the print media (poster, handbills, newsletter, kiosks) provides insights as to where the government needs to invest its resources in bringing health-seeking behaviour in the community. The findings shared with the government enabled to strengthen the campaign resulting in improved response. Taking cues from the study, the government understood the potency of the women, school children, youth and community leaders as the effective carriers of the message. The government narrowed down its focus and invested on the voluntary workers (village poverty reduction committee workers VPRCs) in the community. The effectiveness of interpersonal communication and peer education by the credible community worker threw light on the need for localising the content and communicator. From this study, we could derive that only community and group media are preferred by the people in the rural community. Children, youth, women, and credible local leaders are proved to be ambassadors in behaviour change communication. This study discloses the lacunae involved in the communication campaign and points out that the state should have carried out a proper communication need analysis and piloting. The study used a survey method with random sampling. The study used both quantitative and qualitative tools such as interview schedules, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions in rural areas of Tamilnadu in phases. The findings of the study would provide directions to future campaigns to any campaign concerning health and rural development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appropriate" title="appropriate">appropriate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combating" title=" combating"> combating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20defecation" title=" open defecation"> open defecation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99218/combating-the-practice-of-open-defecation-through-appropriate-communication-strategies-in-rural-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6335</span> A General Strategy for Noise Assessment in Open Mining Industries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diego%20Mauricio%20Murillo%20Gomez">Diego Mauricio Murillo Gomez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enney%20Leon%20Gonzalez%20%20Ramirez"> Enney Leon Gonzalez Ramirez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugo%20Piedrahita"> Hugo Piedrahita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jairo%20Yate"> Jairo Yate</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a methodology for the management of noise in open mining industries based on an integral concept, which takes into consideration occupational and environmental noise as a whole. The approach relies on the characterization of sources, the combination of several measurements’ techniques and the use of acoustic prediction software. A discussion about the difference between frequently used acoustic indicators such as Leq and LAV is carried out, aiming to establish common ground for homologation. The results show that the correct integration of this data not only allows for a more robust technical analysis but also for a more strategic route of intervention as several departments of the company are working together. Noise control measurements can be designed to provide a healthy acoustic surrounding in which the exposure workers but also the outdoor community is benefited. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20noise" title="environmental noise">environmental noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20control" title=" noise control"> noise control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20noise" title=" occupational noise"> occupational noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20mining" title=" open mining"> open mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136802/a-general-strategy-for-noise-assessment-in-open-mining-industries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20access%20initiative&page=8" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20access%20initiative&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20access%20initiative&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20access%20initiative&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20access%20initiative&page=7">7</a></li> <li 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