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Esmaeili</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Akbar Esmaeili"> <meta name="keywords" content="Akbar Esmaeili"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Akbar Esmaeili"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 133</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Akbar Esmaeili</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Synthesis of Bismuth-Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles Containing Melittin Coated with Chitosan for Treating Eye Cancer Cells with Radiotherapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Esmaeili">Akbar Esmaeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fateme%20Dadashi"> Fateme Dadashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bismuth can increase radiation and reduce the dose of radiotherapy. On the other hand, hyaluronic acid plays a role in healing damaged cells, and melittin has been used to destroy cancer cells. This research aims to destroy eye cancer cells and accelerate the recovery of damaged healthy cells during treatment. In this research, we used this nanoparticle, the sol-gel method. According to the optimization process that was carried out, we obtained the optimal value of the desired variables for the manufacture of nanoparticles. The advantage of doing this is reducing the amount of medicine used, as a result of reducing the number of side effects during the treatment and using melittin as an anti-eye cancer drug and the presence of hyaluronic acid to accelerate the recovery of cells, as well as coating the bismuth nanoparticle with chitosan to increase the half-life of the nanoparticle and prevent its adhesion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title="synthesis">synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coated" title=" coated"> coated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186202/synthesis-of-bismuth-hyaluronic-acid-nanoparticles-containing-melittin-coated-with-chitosan-for-treating-eye-cancer-cells-with-radiotherapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Preparation of Essential Oil Capsule (Carum Copticum) In Chitosan Nanoparticles and Investigation of Its Biological Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Esmaeili">Akbar Esmaeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azadeh%20Asgari"> Azadeh Asgari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Essential oils’ unique and practical properties have been widely reported in recent years. Still, the sensitivity of critical oils to environmental factors and their poor solubility in aqueous solutions have limited their use in industries. Therefore, we encapsulated C. copticum essential oil in chitosan nanoparticles by emulsion-ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate cross-linkers. The nanoparticles showed a round shape with an average size of 30-80 nm and a regular distribution. The release profile in the laboratory environment showed a burst in the initial release and then a stable release of C. copticum essential oil from chitosan nanoparticles at different pH. Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of C. copticum essential oil before and after the encapsulation process were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and disc diffusion methods, respectively. The results showed that the encapsulation of C. copticum essential oil in chitosan nanoparticles could protect its quality and bioactive compounds and improve the properties of the crucial oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title="essential oils">essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carum%20copticum" title=" Carum copticum"> Carum copticum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20activities" title=" biological activities"> biological activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167505/preparation-of-essential-oil-capsule-carum-copticum-in-chitosan-nanoparticles-and-investigation-of-its-biological-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Designing Modified Nanocarriers Containing Selenium Nanoparticles Extracted from the Lactobacillus acidophilus and Their Anticancer Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahnoosh%20Aliahmadi">Mahnoosh Aliahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Esmaeili"> Akbar Esmaeili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study synthesized new modified imaging nanocapsules (NCs) of gallium@deferoxamine/folic acid/chitosan/polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol (Ga@DFA/FA/CS/PANI/PVA) containing Morus nigra extract by selenium nanoparticles prepared from Lactobacillus acidophilus. Se nanoparticles were then deposited on (Ga@DFA/FA/CS/PANI/PVA) using the impregnation method. The modified contrast agents were mixed with M. nigra extract, and their antibacterial activities were investigated by applying them to L929 cell lines. The influence of variable factors including surfactant, solvent, aqueous phase, pH, buffer, minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), cytotoxicity on cancer cells, antibiotic, antibiogram, release and loading, stirring effect, the concentration of nanoparticle, olive oil, and thermotical methods was investigated. The structure and morphology of the synthesized contrast agents were characterized by zeta potential sizer analysis (ZPS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental section was conducted and monitored by response surface methods (RSM) and MTT conversion assay. Antibiogram testing of NCs on Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was successful, and the MIC=2 factor was obtained with a less harmful effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imaging%20contrast%20agent" title="imaging contrast agent">imaging contrast agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20method" title=" response surface method"> response surface method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lactobacillus%20acidophilus" title=" Lactobacillus acidophilus"> Lactobacillus acidophilus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selenium" title=" selenium"> selenium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152358/designing-modified-nanocarriers-containing-selenium-nanoparticles-extracted-from-the-lactobacillus-acidophilus-and-their-anticancer-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> Formulation and in Vitro Evaluation of Cubosomes Containing CeO₂ Nanoparticles Loaded with Glatiramer Acetate Drug</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Esmaeili">Akbar Esmaeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Salarieh"> Zahra Salarieh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nano-series) are used as catalysts in industrial applications due to their free radical scavenging properties. Given that free radicals play an essential role in the pathology of many neurological diseases, we investigated the use of nanocrystals as a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative damage. This project synthesized nano-series from a new and environmentally friendly bio-pathway. Investigation of cerium nitrate in culture medium containing inoculated Lactobacillus acidophilus strain before incubation produces nano-series. Loaded with glatiramer acetate (GA) was formed by coating carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and CeO2. FE-SEM analysis showed nano-series in the 9-11 nm range, spherical shape, and uniform particle size distribution. Cubic nanoparticles containing anti-multiple sclerosis (anti-Ms) treatment called GA were used. Glycerol monostearate (GMS) was used as a fat base, and evening primrose extract was used as an anti-inflammatory in cubosomes. Design-Expert® software was used to study the effects of different formulation factors on the properties of GAloaded cubic dispersions. Thirty GA-labeled cubic dispersions were prepared with GA-labeled carboxymethylcellulose and evaluated in vitro. The results showed an average nano-series size of 89.02 and a zeta potential of -49.9. Cubosomes containing GA-CMC/CeO2 showed a stable release profile for 180 min. The results showed that cubosomes containing GA-CMC/CeO2 could be a promising drug carrier with normal release behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ciochemistry" title="ciochemistry">ciochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotechnology" title=" biotechnology"> biotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular" title=" molecular"> molecular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biology" title=" biology"> biology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186201/formulation-and-in-vitro-evaluation-of-cubosomes-containing-ceo2-nanoparticles-loaded-with-glatiramer-acetate-drug" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Preparation Nanocapsules of Chitosan Modified With Selenium Extracted From the Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Their Anticancer Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Esmaeili">Akbar Esmaeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahnoosh%20Aliahmadi"> Mahnoosh Aliahmadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study synthesized a modified imaging of gallium@deferoxamine/folic acid/chitosan/polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol (Ga@DFA/FA/CS/PANI/PVA). It contains Morus nigra extract by selenium nanoparticles prepared from Lactobacillus acidophilus. Using the impregnation method, Se nanoparticles were then deposited on (Ga@DFA/FA/ CS/PANI/PVA). The modified contrast agents were mixed with M. nigra extract, and investigated their antibacterial activities by applying to L929 cell lines. The influence of variable factors, including 1. surfactant, 2. solvent, 3. aqueous phase, 4. pH, 5. buffer, 6. minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC), 7. minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), 8. cytotoxicity on cancer cells., 9. antibiotic, 10. antibiogram, 11. release and loading, 12. the emotional effect, 13. the concentration of nanoparticles, 14. olive oil, and 15. they have investigated thermotical methods. The structure and morphology of the synthesized contrast agents were characterized by zeta potential sizer analysis (ZPS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental section was conducted and monitored by response surface methods (RSM), MTT, MIC, MBC, and cancer cytotoxic conversion assay. Antibiogram testing of NCs on Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was successful and obtained MIC = 2 factors with less harmful effect. All experimental sections confirmed that our synthesized particles have potent antioxidant properties. Antibiogram testing revealed that NPS could kill P. aeruginosa and P. aeruginosa. A variety of synthetic conditions were done by diffusion emulsion method by varying parameters, the optimum state of DFA release Ga@DFA/FA/CS/PANI/PVA NPs (6 ml) with pH = 5.5, time = 3 h, NCs and DFA (3 mg), and achieved buffer (20 ml). DFA in Ga@DFA/FA/ CS/PANI/PVA was released and showed an absorption peak at 378 nm by applying a 300-rpm magnetic rate. In this report, Ga decreased the harmful effect on the human body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocapsules" title="nanocapsules">nanocapsules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technolgy" title=" technolgy"> technolgy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biology" title=" biology"> biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano" title=" nano"> nano</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186200/preparation-nanocapsules-of-chitosan-modified-with-selenium-extracted-from-the-lactobacillus-acidophilus-and-their-anticancer-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Numerical Investigation of Hybrid Ferrofluid Unsteady Flow through Porous Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wajahat%20Hussain%20Khan">Wajahat Hussain Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zubair%20Akbar%20Qureshi"> M. Zubair Akbar Qureshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The viscous, two-dimensional, incompressible, and laminar time-dependent heat transfer flow through a ferromagnetic fluid is considered in this paper. Flow takes place in a channel between two porous walls under the influence of the magnetic field located beyond the channel. It is assumed that there are no electric field effects and the variation in the magnetic field vector that could occur within the F <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20ferrofluid" title="hybrid ferrofluid">hybrid ferrofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20channel" title=" porous channel"> porous channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129946/numerical-investigation-of-hybrid-ferrofluid-unsteady-flow-through-porous-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Evaluation of Coagulation State in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) by Thromboelastogram (TEG)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Javad%20Esmaeili">Mohammad Javad Esmaeili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Coagulopathy is one of the complications with end stage renal disease with high prevalence in the world. Thromboelastogram is adynamic test for evaluation of coagulopathy and we have compared our patient's coagulation profiles with the results of TEG. Material and methods: In this study 50 patients with ESRD who were on regular hemodialysis for at least 6 months was selected with simple sampling and their coagulation profile was done with blood sampling and also TEG was done for every patient. Data were analyzed with SPSS and P<0.05 consider significant. Results: Protein s, Protein c and Antithrombin III deficiency was detected in 32%, 16% and 20% of patients and activated protein c resistance was abnormal in 2% of patients. In TEG, R time in 49% and K in 22/5% of patients was lower than normal and a-angle in 26% and maximum amplitude in 36% of patients was upper than normal (Hypercoagulable state). PS with R and ATIII with K have correlation. Conclusion: R time and K in TEG can be a suitable screening test in patients with suspicious to PS and ATIII deficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thromboelastography" title="thromboelastography">thromboelastography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20kidney%20disease" title=" chronic kidney disease"> chronic kidney disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coagulating%20disorder" title=" Coagulating disorder"> Coagulating disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemodialysis" title=" hemodialysis"> hemodialysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162888/evaluation-of-coagulation-state-in-patients-with-end-stage-renal-disease-esrd-by-thromboelastogram-teg" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> In-Situ Synthesis of Zinc-Containing MCM-41 and Investigation of Its Capacity for Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Crude Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nastaran%20Hazrati">Nastaran Hazrati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Miran%20Beigi"> Ali Akbar Miran Beigi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Abdouss"> Majid Abdouss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Vahid"> Amir Vahid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen sulfide is the most toxic gas of crude oil. Adsorption is an energy-efficient process used to remove undesirable compounds such as H2S in gas or liquid streams by passing the stream through a media bed composed of an adsorbent. In this study, H2S of Iran crude oil was separated via cold stripping then zinc incorporated MCM-41 was synthesized via an in-situ method. ZnO functionalized mesoporous silica samples were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption and TEM. The obtained results of adsorption of H2S showed superior ability of all the materials and with an increase in ZnO amount adsorption was increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCM-41" title="MCM-41">MCM-41</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title=" ZnO"> ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H2S%20removal" title=" H2S removal"> H2S removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22843/in-situ-synthesis-of-zinc-containing-mcm-41-and-investigation-of-its-capacity-for-removal-of-hydrogen-sulfide-from-crude-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Responses of Trifolium pratense to Lead Accumulation Under In-Vitro Culture Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Khorasani%20Esmaeili">Arash Khorasani Esmaeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosna%20Mat%20Taha"> Rosna Mat Taha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadegh%20Mohajer"> Sadegh Mohajer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seeds of Trifolium pratense (Red clover) were exposed in vitro for 6 weeks to six levels of lead (Pb) concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 µM) to analyze the effects on growth, total chlorophyll and total protein contents of grown plants against the lead accumulation. The growth of plants was negatively affected by various levels of lead treatment. The fresh and dry weights, as well as lengths of shoots and roots of grown plants under various lead treatments, were found significantly lower in comparison with the control plants. Total chlorophyll and total soluble protein contents of grown plants under lower concentrations of lead treatment did not show significant differences when compared with the control plants, although they were affected significantly in higher levels of lead accumulation (150-250 µM). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trifolium%20pratense" title="trifolium pratense">trifolium pratense</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20accumulation" title=" lead accumulation"> lead accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorophyll%20content" title=" chlorophyll content"> chlorophyll content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20content" title=" protein content"> protein content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32059/responses-of-trifolium-pratense-to-lead-accumulation-under-in-vitro-culture-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Infrared Thermography Applications for Building Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Yazdani">Hamid Yazdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raheleh%20Akbar"> Raheleh Akbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infrared thermography is a modern non-destructive measuring method for the examination of redeveloped and non-renovated buildings. Infrared cameras provide a means for temperature measurement in building constructions from the inside, as well as from the outside. Thus, heat bridges can be detected. It has been shown that infrared thermography is applicable for insulation inspection, identifying air leakage and heat losses sources, finding the exact position of heating tubes or for discovering the reasons why mold, moisture is growing in a particular area, and it is also used in conservation field to detect hidden characteristics, degradations of building structures. The paper gives a brief description of the theoretical background of infrared thermography. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrared%20thermography" title="infrared thermography">infrared thermography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=examination%20of%20buildings" title=" examination of buildings"> examination of buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissivity" title=" emissivity"> emissivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20losses%20sources" title=" heat losses sources"> heat losses sources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15901/infrared-thermography-applications-for-building-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Separation by Amine Solutions Using Electrolyte Non-Random Two-Liquid and Peng-Robinson Models: Carbon Dioxide Absorption Efficiency </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Esmaeili">Arash Esmaeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhibang%20Liu"> Zhibang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Xiang"> Yang Xiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimmy%20Yun"> Jimmy Yun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Shao"> Lei Shao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A high pressure carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) absorption from a specific gas in a conventional column has been evaluated by the Aspen HYSYS simulator using a wide range of single absorbents and blended solutions to estimate the outlet CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, absorption efficiency and CO<sub>2</sub> loading to choose the most proper solution in terms of CO<sub>2 </sub>capture for environmental concerns. The property package (Acid Gas-Chemical Solvent) which is compatible with all applied solutions for the simulation in this study, estimates the properties based on an electrolyte non-random two-liquid (E-NRTL) model for electrolyte thermodynamics and Peng-Robinson equation of state for the vapor and liquid hydrocarbon phases. Among all the investigated single amines as well as blended solutions, piperazine (PZ) and the mixture of piperazine and monoethanolamine (MEA) have been found as the most effective absorbents respectively for CO<sub>2</sub> absorption with high reactivity based on the simulated operational conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption" title="absorption">absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amine%20solutions" title=" amine solutions"> amine solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspen%20HYSYS" title=" Aspen HYSYS"> Aspen HYSYS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title=" carbon dioxide"> carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127187/assessment-of-carbon-dioxide-separation-by-amine-solutions-using-electrolyte-non-random-two-liquid-and-peng-robinson-models-carbon-dioxide-absorption-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Characterization of Monoids by a New Generalization of Flatness Property</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdiyeh%20Abbasi">Mahdiyeh Abbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Golchin"> Akbar Golchin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well-known that, using principal weak flatness property, some important monoids are characterized, such as regular monoids, left almost regular monoids, and so on. In this article, we define a generalization of principal weak flatness called GP-Flatness, and will characterize monoids by this property of their right (Rees factor) acts. Also we investigate new classes of monoids called generally regular monoids and generally left almost regular monoids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G-left%20stabilizing" title="G-left stabilizing">G-left stabilizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GP-flatness" title=" GP-flatness"> GP-flatness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generally%20regular" title=" generally regular"> generally regular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20weak%20flatness" title=" principal weak flatness"> principal weak flatness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36458/characterization-of-monoids-by-a-new-generalization-of-flatness-property" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> A Modified Shannon Entropy Measure for Improved Image Segmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20A.%20U.%20Khan">Mohammad A. U. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20A.%20Kittaneh"> Omar A. Kittaneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Akbar"> M. Akbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20M.%20Khan"> Tariq M. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Husam%20A.%20Bayoud"> Husam A. Bayoud </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Shannon Entropy measure has been widely used for measuring uncertainty. However, in partial settings, the histogram is used to estimate the underlying distribution. The histogram is dependent on the number of bins used. In this paper, a modification is proposed that makes the Shannon entropy based on histogram consistent. For providing the benefits, two application are picked in medical image processing applications. The simulations are carried out to show the superiority of this modified measure for image segmentation problem. The improvement may be contributed to robustness shown to uneven background in images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shannon%20entropy" title="Shannon entropy">Shannon entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20image%20processing" title=" medical image processing"> medical image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20segmentation" title=" image segmentation"> image segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modification" title=" modification"> modification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19414/a-modified-shannon-entropy-measure-for-improved-image-segmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Investigating the Effects of Empowering the Employees in Managing Crimes by the Police</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Salimi">Akbar Salimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Moghimi"> Mehdi Moghimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Goal: The human resource empowerment is a new strategy in achieving a competitive advantage. The aim of the research is to understand crime management by the police by using this strategy. Method: The research is applied in terms of goal and it is a survey type research. The sample intended include all the police officers of a police station for as many as 52 people. The data were collected by a researcher made four choice questionnaire after the validity and reliability were confirmed. Findings: By regarding the Melhem pattern as the framework, four dimensions of empowerment were identified and the triangle of crime was explained and then four hypotheses proportionate to it were formulated. Results: Given the fact that the sample was all counted, all the four hypotheses were supported by using the average data received and by regarding the %50 as the criterion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title="management">management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empowerment" title=" empowerment"> empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employees" title=" employees"> employees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police" title=" police"> police</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36785/investigating-the-effects-of-empowering-the-employees-in-managing-crimes-by-the-police" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Detection of Chaos in General Parametric Model of Infectious Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Khaligh">Javad Khaligh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aghileh%20Heydari"> Aghileh Heydari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Heydari"> Ali Akbar Heydari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mathematical epidemiological models for the spread of disease through a population are used to predict the prevalence of a disease or to study the impacts of treatment or prevention measures. Initial conditions for these models are measured from statistical data collected from a population since these initial conditions can never be exact, the presence of chaos in mathematical models has serious implications for the accuracy of the models as well as how epidemiologists interpret their findings. This paper confirms the chaotic behavior of a model for dengue fever and SI by investigating sensitive dependence, bifurcation, and 0-1 test under a variety of initial conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20models" title="epidemiological models">epidemiological models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEIR%20disease%20model" title=" SEIR disease model"> SEIR disease model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifurcation" title=" bifurcation"> bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20behavior" title=" chaotic behavior"> chaotic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=0-1%20test" title=" 0-1 test"> 0-1 test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30790/detection-of-chaos-in-general-parametric-model-of-infectious-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) Process Investigation for Co Thin Film as a TSV Alternative Seed Layer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Esmaeili">Sajjad Esmaeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Krause"> Robert Krause</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukas%20Gerlich"> Lukas Gerlich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Mohammadian%20Kia"> Alireza Mohammadian Kia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Uhlig"> Benjamin Uhlig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This investigation aims to develop the feasible and qualitative process parameters for the thin films fabrication into ultra-large through-silicon-vias (TSVs) as vertical interconnections. The focus of the study is on TSV metallization and its challenges employing new materials for the purpose of rapid signal propagation in the microsystems technology. Cobalt metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (Co-MOCVD) process enables manufacturing an adhesive and excellent conformal ultra-thin film all the way through TSVs in comparison with the conventional non-conformal physical vapor deposition (PVD) process of copper (Cu) seed layer. Therefore, this process provides a Cu seed-free layer which is capable of direct Cu electrochemical deposition (Cu-ECD) on top of it. The main challenge of this metallization module is to achieve the proper alternative seed layer with less roughness, sheet resistance and granular organic contamination (e.g. carbon) which intensify the Co corrosion under the influence of Cu electrolyte. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cobalt%20MOCVD" title="Cobalt MOCVD">Cobalt MOCVD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20Cu%20electrochemical%20deposition%20%28ECD%29" title=" direct Cu electrochemical deposition (ECD)"> direct Cu electrochemical deposition (ECD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallization%20technology" title=" metallization technology"> metallization technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=through-silicon-via%20%28TSV%29" title=" through-silicon-via (TSV)"> through-silicon-via (TSV)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96811/metal-organic-chemical-vapor-deposition-mocvd-process-investigation-for-co-thin-film-as-a-tsv-alternative-seed-layer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Evaluation of Existing Wheat Genotypes of Bangladesh in Response to Salinity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jahangir%20Alam">Jahangir Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20El%20Sabagh"> Ayman El Sabagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamrul%20Hasan"> Kamrul Hasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafiqul%20Islam%20Sikdar"> Shafiqul Islam Sikdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celaleddin%20Barut%C3%A7ular"> Celaleddin Barutçular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohidul%20Islam"> Sohidul Islam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experiment (Germination test and seedling growth) was carried out at the laboratory of Agronomy Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, Bangladesh during January 2014. Germination and seedling growth of 22 existing wheat genotypes in Bangladesh viz. Kheri, Kalyansona, Sonora, Sonalika, Pavon, Kanchan, Akbar, Barkat, Aghrani, Prativa, Sourab, Gourab, Shatabdi, Sufi, Bijoy, Prodip, BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 26, BARI Gom 27, BARI Gom 28, Durum and Triticale were tested with three salinity levels (0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl) for 10 days in sand culture in small plastic pot. Speed of germination as expressed by germination percentage (GP), rate of germination (GR), germination coefficient (GC) and germination vigor index (GVI) of all wheat genotypes was delayed and germination percentage was reduced due to salinization compared to control. The lower reduction of GP, GR, GC and VI due to salinity was observed in BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 27, Shatabdi, Sonora, and Akbbar and higher reduction was recorded in BARI Gom 26, Duram, Triticale, Sufi and Kheri. Shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights were found to be affected due to salinization and shoot was more affected than root. Under saline conditions, longer shoot and root length were recorded in BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 27, Akbar, and Shatabdi, i.e. less reduction of shoot and root lengths was observed while, BARI Gom 26, Duram, Prodip and Triticale produced shorted shoot and root lengths. In this study, genotypes BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 27, Shatabdi, Sonora and Aghrani showed better performance in terms shoot and root growth (fresh and dry weights) and proved to be tolerant genotypes to salinity. On the other hand, Duram, BARI Gom 26, Triticale, Kheri and Prodip affected seriously in terms of fresh and dry weights by the saline environment. BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 27, Shatabdi, Sonora and Aghrani showed more salt tolerance index (STI) based on shoot dry weight while, BARI Gom 26, Triticale, Durum, Sufi, Prodip and Kalyanson demonstrate lower STI value under saline conditions. Based on the most salt tolerance and susceptible trait, genotypes under 100 and 200 mM NaCl stresses can be arranged as salt tolerance genotypes: BARI Gom 25> BARI Gom 27> Shatabdi> Sonora, and salt susceptible genotypes: BARI Gom 26> Durum> Triticale> Prodip> Sufi> Kheri. Considering the experiment, it can be concluded that the BARI Gom 25 may be treated as the most salt tolerant and BARI Gom 26 as the most salt sensitive genotypes in Bangladesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotypes" title="genotypes">genotypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title=" germination"> germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat" title=" wheat"> wheat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52275/evaluation-of-existing-wheat-genotypes-of-bangladesh-in-response-to-salinity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Control of Underactuated Biped Robots Using Event Based Fuzzy Partial Feedback Linearization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Heydarnia">Omid Heydarnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Allahverdizadeh"> Akbar Allahverdizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnam%20Dadashzadeh"> Behnam Dadashzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Sayyed%20Noorani"> M. R. Sayyed Noorani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Underactuated biped robots control is one of the interesting topics in robotics. The main difficulties are its highly nonlinear dynamics, open-loop instability, and discrete event at the end of the gait. One of the methods to control underactuated systems is the partial feedback linearization, but it is not robust against uncertainties and disturbances that restrict its performance to control biped walking and running. In this paper, fuzzy partial feedback linearization is presented to overcome its drawback. Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method to generate stable and robust biped walking and running gaits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underactuated%20system" title="underactuated system">underactuated system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biped%20robot" title=" biped robot"> biped robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20control" title=" fuzzy control"> fuzzy control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20feedback%20linearization" title=" partial feedback linearization"> partial feedback linearization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53744/control-of-underactuated-biped-robots-using-event-based-fuzzy-partial-feedback-linearization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Ants of the Genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with Description of Two New Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20R.%20Sharaf">Mostafa R. Sharaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehzad%20Salman"> Shehzad Salman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hathal%20M.%20Al%20Dhafer"> Hathal M. Al Dhafer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20A.%20Akbar"> Shahid A. Akbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20S.%20Aldawood"> Abdulrahman S. Aldawood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ant genus Trichomyrmex Mayr is revised for the Arabian Peninsula based on the worker caste. Nine species are recognized and descriptions of two new species, T. almosayari sp. n. and T. shakeri sp. n. from Riyadh Province, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are given. A key to species and diagnostic characters of the treated species are presented. New country records are presented, T. abyssinicus (Forel) for the KSA and T. destructor (Jerdon) and T. mayri (Forel) for the State of Qatar. New distribution records for T. destructor (Jerdon) and T. mayri (Forel) in the KSA are provided. Regional and world distributions, and distribution maps for the treated species are included. Ecological and biological data are given where known. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ants" title="ants">ants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trichomyrmex" title=" Trichomyrmex"> Trichomyrmex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabian%20Peninsula" title=" Arabian Peninsula"> Arabian Peninsula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20almosayari" title=" T. almosayari"> T. almosayari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20shakeri" title=" T. shakeri"> T. shakeri</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47451/ants-of-the-genus-trichomyrmex-mayr-1865-hymenoptera-formicidae-in-the-arabian-peninsula-with-description-of-two-new-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Musical Instrument Recognition in Polyphonic Audio Through Convolutional Neural Networks and Spectrograms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rujia%20Chen">Rujia Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Ghobakhlou"> Akbar Ghobakhlou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajit%20Narayanan"> Ajit Narayanan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the task of identifying musical instruments in polyphonic compositions using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) from spectrogram inputs, focusing on binary classification. The model showed promising results, with an accuracy of 97% on solo instrument recognition. When applied to polyphonic combinations of 1 to 10 instruments, the overall accuracy was 64%, reflecting the increasing challenge with larger ensembles. These findings contribute to the field of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) by highlighting the potential and limitations of current approaches in handling complex musical arrangements. Future work aims to include a broader range of musical sounds, including electronic and synthetic sounds, to improve the model's robustness and applicability in real-time MIR systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20classifier" title="binary classifier">binary classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNN" title=" CNN"> CNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrogram" title=" spectrogram"> spectrogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrument" title=" instrument"> instrument</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185822/musical-instrument-recognition-in-polyphonic-audio-through-convolutional-neural-networks-and-spectrograms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Evaluating the Energy Efficiency Measures for an Educational Building in a Hot-Humid Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafia%20Akbar">Rafia Akbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper assesses different Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) and their impact on energy consumption and carbon footprint of an educational building located in Islamabad. A base case was first developed in accordance with typical construction practices in Pakistan. Several EEMs were separately applied to the baseline design to quantify their impact on operational energy reduction of the building and the resultant carbon emissions. Results indicate that by applying these measures, there is a potential to reduce energy consumption up to 49% as compared to the base case. It was observed that energy efficient ceiling fans and lights, insulation of the walls and roof and an efficient air conditioning system for the building can provide significant energy savings. The results further indicate that the initial investment cost of these energy efficiency measures can be recovered within 6 to 7 years of building’s service life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20savings" title="CO2 savings">CO2 savings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20building" title=" educational building"> educational building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency%20measures" title=" energy efficiency measures"> energy efficiency measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=payback%20period" title=" payback period"> payback period</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125250/evaluating-the-energy-efficiency-measures-for-an-educational-building-in-a-hot-humid-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Comparison of Various Classification Techniques Using WEKA for Colon Cancer Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beema%20Akbar">Beema Akbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varun%20P.%20Gopi"> Varun P. Gopi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Suresh%20Babu"> V. Suresh Babu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Colon cancer causes the deaths of about half a million people every year. The common method of its detection is histopathological tissue analysis, it leads to tiredness and workload to the pathologist. A novel method is proposed that combines both structural and statistical pattern recognition used for the detection of colon cancer. This paper presents a comparison among the different classifiers such as Multilayer Perception (MLP), Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO), Bayesian Logistic Regression (BLR) and k-star by using classification accuracy and error rate based on the percentage split method. The result shows that the best algorithm in WEKA is MLP classifier with an accuracy of 83.333% and kappa statistics is 0.625. The MLP classifier which has a lower error rate, will be preferred as more powerful classification capability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colon%20cancer" title="colon cancer">colon cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathological%20image" title=" histopathological image"> histopathological image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20and%20statistical%20pattern%20recognition" title=" structural and statistical pattern recognition"> structural and statistical pattern recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer%20perception" title=" multilayer perception"> multilayer perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17345/comparison-of-various-classification-techniques-using-weka-for-colon-cancer-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres and Their Electrochemical Properties for Glucose Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Kazemi%20Asl">Ali Akbar Kazemi Asl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansour%20Rahsepar"> Mansour Rahsepar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MCNs) with uniform particle size distribution having an average of 290 nm and large specific surface area (274.4 m²/g) were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method followed by the calcination process and then utilized as an enzyme-free glucose biosensor. Morphology, crystal structure, and porous nature of the synthesized nanospheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, respectively. Also, the electrochemical performance of the MCNs@GCE electrode for the measurement of glucose concentration in alkaline media was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry (CA). MCNs@GCE electrode shows good sensing performance, including a rapid glucose oxidation response within 3.1 s, a wide linear range of 0.026-12 mM, a sensitivity of 212.34 μA.mM⁻¹.cm⁻², and a detection limit of 25.7 μM with excellent selectivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title="biosensor">biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical" title=" electrochemical"> electrochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose" title=" glucose"> glucose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesoporous%20carbon" title=" mesoporous carbon"> mesoporous carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-enzymatic" title=" non-enzymatic"> non-enzymatic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142299/hydrothermal-synthesis-of-mesoporous-carbon-nanospheres-and-their-electrochemical-properties-for-glucose-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Robust and Transparent Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Attari">Ali Akbar Attari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Asghar%20Beheshti%20Shirazi"> Ali Asghar Beheshti Shirazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a blind and robust audio watermarking scheme based on spread spectrum in Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) domain. Watermarks are embedded in the low-frequency coefficients, which is less audible. The key idea is dividing the audio signal into small frames, and magnitude of the 6<sup>th</sup> level of DWT approximation coefficients is modifying based upon the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) technique. Also, the psychoacoustic model for enhancing in imperceptibility, as well as Savitsky-Golay filter for increasing accuracy in extraction, is used. The experimental results illustrate high robustness against most common attacks, i.e. Gaussian noise addition, Low pass filter, Resampling, Requantizing, MP3 compression, without significant perceptual distortion (ODG is higher than -1). The proposed scheme has about 83 bps data payload. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audio%20watermarking" title="audio watermarking">audio watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spread%20spectrum" title=" spread spectrum"> spread spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20wavelet%20transform" title=" discrete wavelet transform"> discrete wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychoacoustic" title=" psychoacoustic"> psychoacoustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Savitsky-Golay%20filter" title=" Savitsky-Golay filter"> Savitsky-Golay filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86040/robust-and-transparent-spread-spectrum-audio-watermarking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Banks' Financial Performance in Pakistan from 2012-2015</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saima%20Akbar">Saima Akbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The global financial crisis severely and adversely impacted the Pakistanis’ financial setups with far-reaching consequences for its victims. This study aimed to analyze the various determinants of the banks’ financial performance in Pakistan. The stepwise multiple regression analysis and pre-post analysis were carried out in this regard by using SPSS ver 22. The study found that the assets quality is the most influential determinant of return over assets followed by bank size and solvency. Advances, liquidity, investments, and size have positive while poor assets quality and deposits have a negative impact on the return over assets. The comparison of the pre-crisis and post-crisis coefficient values of the independent variables revealed that the global financial crisis had exerted a significant impact on the relative ability of the financial performance determinants to explain variations in return over assets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-crisis" title="pre-crisis">pre-crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-crisis" title=" post-crisis"> post-crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20values" title=" coefficient values"> coefficient values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=determinants" title=" determinants"> determinants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55399/banks-financial-performance-in-pakistan-from-2012-2015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Critical Review of Web Content Mining Extraction Mechanisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabia%20Bashir">Rabia Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Akbar"> Sajjad Akbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is an inevitable demand of web mining due to rapid increase of huge information on the Internet, but the striking variety of web structures has made required content retrieval a difficult task. To counter this issue, Web Content Mining (WCM) emerges as a potential candidate which extracts and integrates suitable resources of data to users. In past few years, research has been done on several extraction techniques for WCM i.e. agent-based, template-based, assumption-based, statistic-based, wrapper-based and machine learning. However, it is still unclear that either these approaches are efficiently tackling the significant challenges of WCM or not. To answer this question, this paper identifies these challenges such as language independency, structure flexibility, performance, automation, dynamicity, redundancy handling, intelligence, relevant content retrieval, and privacy. Further, mapping of these challenges is done with existing extraction mechanisms which helps to adopt the most suitable WCM approach, given some conditions and characteristics at hand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20mining%20challenges" title="content mining challenges">content mining challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20content%20mining" title=" web content mining"> web content mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20content%20extraction%20approaches" title=" web content extraction approaches"> web content extraction approaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20information%20retrieval" title=" web information retrieval"> web information retrieval</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17344/critical-review-of-web-content-mining-extraction-mechanisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Simulation and Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Separation by Piperazine Blended Solutions Using E-NRTL and Peng-Robinson Models: Study of Regeneration Heat Duty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Esmaeili">Arash Esmaeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhibang%20Liu"> Zhibang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Xiang"> Yang Xiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimmy%20Yun"> Jimmy Yun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Shao"> Lei Shao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A high-pressure carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorption from a specific off-gas in a conventional column has been evaluated for the environmental concerns by the Aspen HYSYS simulator using a wide range of single absorbents and piperazine (PZ) blended solutions to estimate the outlet CO₂ concentration, CO₂ loading, reboiler power supply, and regeneration heat duty to choose the most efficient solution in terms of CO₂ removal and required heat duty. The property package, which is compatible with all applied solutions for the simulation in this study, estimates the properties based on the electrolyte non-random two-liquid (E-NRTL) model for electrolyte thermodynamics and Peng-Robinson equation of state for vapor phase and liquid hydrocarbon phase properties. The results of the simulation indicate that piperazine, in addition to the mixture of piperazine and monoethanolamine (MEA), demands the highest regeneration heat duty compared with other studied single and blended amine solutions, respectively. The blended amine solutions with the lowest PZ concentrations (5wt% and 10wt%) were considered and compared to reduce the cost of the process, among which the blended solution of 10wt%PZ+35wt%MDEA (methyldiethanolamine) was found as the most appropriate solution in terms of CO₂ content in the outlet gas, rich-CO₂ loading, and regeneration heat duty. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption" title="absorption">absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amine%20solutions" title=" amine solutions"> amine solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspen%20HYSYS" title=" aspen HYSYS"> aspen HYSYS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20loading" title=" CO₂ loading"> CO₂ loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piperazine" title=" piperazine"> piperazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regeneration%20heat%20duty" title=" regeneration heat duty"> regeneration heat duty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128137/simulation-and-assessment-of-carbon-dioxide-separation-by-piperazine-blended-solutions-using-e-nrtl-and-peng-robinson-models-study-of-regeneration-heat-duty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Capital Punishment as a Contradiction to International Law and Indonesian Constitution </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar">Akbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pros and cons of the capital punishment in Indonesia have been out of the date. The discourse of capital punishment has no relevance to the theory of punishment and theories of cultural relativism. In fact, the provisions of exceptions to the right to life by administering the death penalty against the perpetrators of serious crimes in Indonesia is a narrow perspective that does not pay attention to the development of the punishment of the crime. This thing is aggravated by an error to understand the natural right and legal right where the prohibition of those rights is result from a failure to distinguish the characteristic of the rights and to remember the raison d’être of law. To parse the irrational above, this paper will try to analyze normatively the error referring to the complementary theory between the sources of international law and the sources of municipal law of Indonesia. Both sources of the law above should be understood in the mutually reinforcing relationship enforceability because of false perceptions against those will create the disintegration between international law and municipal law of Indonesia. This disintegration is explicit not only contrary to the integrative theory of international law but also integrative theory of municipal law of Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20punishment" title="capital punishment">capital punishment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20law" title=" municipal law"> municipal law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20life" title=" right to life"> right to life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title=" international law"> international law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20raison%20d%E2%80%99%C3%AAtre%20of%20law" title=" the raison d’être of law"> the raison d’être of law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complementary%20theory" title=" complementary theory"> complementary theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrative%20theory" title=" integrative theory"> integrative theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60994/capital-punishment-as-a-contradiction-to-international-law-and-indonesian-constitution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> The Classical Islamic Laws of Apostasy in the Present Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar">Ali Akbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this essay is to examine whether or not the earthly punishments in regards to apostates that are often found in classical Islamic sources are applicable in the present context. The paper indeed addresses how Muslims should understand the question of apostasy in the contemporary context. To do so, the paper first argues that an accurate understanding of the way the Quranic verses and prophetic hadiths deal with the concept of apostasy could help us rethink and re-examine the classical Islamic laws on apostasy in the present context. In addition, building on Abdolkarim Soroush’s theory of contraction and expansion of religious knowledge, this article argues that approaches to apostasy in the present context can move away from what prescribed by classical Islamic laws. Finally, it argues that instances of persecution of apostates in the early days of Islam during the Medinan period of Muhammad’s prophetic mission should be interpreted in their own socio-historical context. Rereading these reports within our modern context supports the mutability of the traditional corporal punishments of apostasy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apostasy" title="apostasy">apostasy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam" title=" Islam"> Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quran" title=" Quran"> Quran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hadith" title=" hadith"> hadith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolkarim%20Soroush" title=" Abdolkarim Soroush"> Abdolkarim Soroush</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contextualization" title=" contextualization"> contextualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78723/the-classical-islamic-laws-of-apostasy-in-the-present-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Acquisition of the Attributive Adjectives and the Noun Adjuncts by the L3 Learners of French and German: Further Evidence for the Typological Proximity Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Jabbari">Ali Akbar Jabbari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the role of the prior acquired languages, Persian and English, concerning the acquisition of the third language (L3) French and German at the initial stages. The data were collected from two groups of L3 learners: 28 learners of L3 French and 21 learners of L3 German, in order to test the placement of the attributive adjectives and the noun adjuncts through a grammaticality judgment task and an element rearrangement task. The aim of the study was to investigate whether any of the models proposed in the L3 acquisition could account for the case of the present study. The results of the analysis revealed that the learners of L3 German and French were both affected by the typological similarity of the previous languages. The outperformance of the German learners is an indication of the facilitative effect of L2 English (which is typologically more similar to the German than that of French). English had also a non-facilitative role in the acquisition of French and this is proved in the lower performance of the French learners. This study provided evidence for the TPM as the most accepted model of L3 acquisition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-linguistic%20influence" title="cross-linguistic influence">cross-linguistic influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingualism" title=" multilingualism"> multilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20language%20acquisition" title=" third language acquisition"> third language acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer" title=" transfer"> transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104680/acquisition-of-the-attributive-adjectives-and-the-noun-adjuncts-by-the-l3-learners-of-french-and-german-further-evidence-for-the-typological-proximity-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Esmaeili&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Esmaeili&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Esmaeili&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Esmaeili&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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