CINXE.COM

<!doctype html>     <html lang="en-US" class="no-js">  <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> Sites Archive - LTER</title><link rel="preload" data-rocket-preload as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open%20Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C600%2C700&display=swap" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open%20Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C600%2C700&display=swap" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" /><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open%20Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C600%2C700&display=swap" /></noscript><link rel="preload" data-rocket-preload as="image" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/inner-banner.png" fetchpriority="high"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/apple-icon-touch.png"> <link rel="icon" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/favicon.ico"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">  <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#f01d4f"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/win8-tile-icon.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#121212"> <link rel="pingback" href=""> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <link rel="canonical" href="https://lternet.edu/site/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Sites Archive - LTER" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://lternet.edu/site/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="LTER" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@uslter" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://lternet.edu/site/","url":"https://lternet.edu/site/","name":"Sites Archive - LTER","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/site/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/site/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/AND - node1803img1547.jpg","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/site/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://lternet.edu/site/#primaryimage","url":"https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/AND - node1803img1547.jpg","contentUrl":"https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/AND - node1803img1547.jpg","width":920,"height":690,"caption":"Andrews Research Experience for Teachers (RET) fellow Kurt Cox shows teachers the field investigations he does with students at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://lternet.edu/site/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://lternet.edu/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Sites"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://lternet.edu/#website","url":"https://lternet.edu/","name":"LTER","description":"Providing the scientific community, policy makers, and society with the knowledge and predictive understanding necessary to conserve, protect, and manage the nation’s ecosystems, their biodiversity, and the services they provide.","publisher":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://lternet.edu/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://lternet.edu/#organization","name":"LTER Network","url":"https://lternet.edu/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://lternet.edu/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/LTER-Network-Logo-2017.jpg","contentUrl":"https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/LTER-Network-Logo-2017.jpg","width":640,"height":155,"caption":"LTER Network"},"image":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/uslter","https://x.com/uslter","https://www.instagram.com/lter_community/","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsyi2-kL_cTcm6FOnek-bRA"]}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.addtoany.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.fontawesome.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="LTER » Feed" href="https://lternet.edu/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="LTER » Comments Feed" href="https://lternet.edu/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="LTER » Sites Feed" href="https://lternet.edu/site/feed/" />  <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-QCHD472YQS" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '9.2.2'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/site\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-QCHD472YQS', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-QCHD472YQS', {"forceSSL":"true","anonymize_ip":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script>  <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-repeater-fields-style-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/user-registration-repeater-fields/assets/css/user-registration-repeater-fields-frontend.css?ver=1732044890' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sbi_styles-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/css/sbi-styles.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='view_editor_gutenberg_frontend_assets-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/public/css/views-frontend.css?ver=1732044890' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='view_editor_gutenberg_frontend_assets-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;} .wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #eeeeee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;} .wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #eeeeee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #0099cc;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #cbddeb;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #95bedd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #95bedd;} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='events-manager-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/events-manager/includes/css/events-manager.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='events-manager-pro-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/events-manager-pro/includes/css/events-manager-pro.css?ver=1732044890' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='toolset-common-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/css/toolset-common.css?ver=1732044890' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=1732044890' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='toolset-select2-css-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/lib/select2/select2.css?ver=1732044890' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-official-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/releases/v5.15.4/css/all.css?ver=1732044890' type='text/css' media='all' crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='addtoany-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' />  <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-v4shim-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/lib/font-awesome/css/v4-shims.css?ver=1732044890' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/lib/font-awesome/css/all.css?ver=1732044890' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/css/bootstrap.min.css?ver=1732044890' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='lter-stylesheet-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/css/style.css?ver=1732044890' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-official-v4shim-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/releases/v5.15.4/css/v4-shims.css?ver=1732044891' type='text/css' media='all' crossorigin="anonymous" /> <style id='font-awesome-official-v4shim-inline-css' type='text/css'> @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.eot"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.woff") format("woff"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); } @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.eot"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff") format("woff"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); } @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.eot"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.woff") format("woff"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); unicode-range: U+F004-F005,U+F007,U+F017,U+F022,U+F024,U+F02E,U+F03E,U+F044,U+F057-F059,U+F06E,U+F070,U+F075,U+F07B-F07C,U+F080,U+F086,U+F089,U+F094,U+F09D,U+F0A0,U+F0A4-F0A7,U+F0C5,U+F0C7-F0C8,U+F0E0,U+F0EB,U+F0F3,U+F0F8,U+F0FE,U+F111,U+F118-F11A,U+F11C,U+F133,U+F144,U+F146,U+F14A,U+F14D-F14E,U+F150-F152,U+F15B-F15C,U+F164-F165,U+F185-F186,U+F191-F192,U+F1AD,U+F1C1-F1C9,U+F1CD,U+F1D8,U+F1E3,U+F1EA,U+F1F6,U+F1F9,U+F20A,U+F247-F249,U+F24D,U+F254-F25B,U+F25D,U+F267,U+F271-F274,U+F279,U+F28B,U+F28D,U+F2B5-F2B6,U+F2B9,U+F2BB,U+F2BD,U+F2C1-F2C2,U+F2D0,U+F2D2,U+F2DC,U+F2ED,U+F328,U+F358-F35B,U+F3A5,U+F3D1,U+F410,U+F4AD; } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" id="addtoany-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="events-manager-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var EM = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","locationajaxurl":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=locations_search","firstDay":"0","locale":"en","dateFormat":"yy-mm-dd","ui_css":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/events-manager\/includes\/css\/jquery-ui\/build.min.css","show24hours":"0","is_ssl":"1","autocomplete_limit":"10","calendar":{"breakpoints":{"small":560,"medium":908,"large":false}},"phone":"","datepicker":{"format":"Y-m-d"},"search":{"breakpoints":{"small":650,"medium":850,"full":false}},"url":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/events-manager","txt_search":"Search","txt_searching":"Searching...","txt_loading":"Loading...","cache":"1","api_nonce":"531fabcfca"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-json/" /><meta name="generator" content="performance-lab 3.4.1; plugins: "> <noscript> <link data-minify="1" rel="stylesheet" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/blocks/public/css/style.css?ver=1732044891"> </noscript><meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> /* Welcome to Custom CSS! To learn how this works, see http://wp.me/PEmnE-Bt */ .single-stories.postid-79679 table { table-layout: auto; width: 100%; } .single-stories.postid-79679 th { border: 1px solid gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 10px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; } .single-stories.postid-79679 td { border: 1px solid gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 10px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; } .img-holder { padding-bottom: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #bbb; } .wp-block-image figcaption { margin-top: 0; } .button.em-event-add-to-calendar { color: #000; } </style> <noscript><style> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript><noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-78052587-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-78052587-1'); </script> </head> <body class="archive post-type-archive post-type-archive-site user-registration-page wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-7.9 vc_responsive" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"> <header id="site-header" class="header" role="banner" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader"> <div class="container"> <div id="top-bar"> <ul class="social"> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/lter_community/" terget="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/uslter" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/USLTER" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsyi2-kL_cTcm6FOnek-bRA" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play"></i></a></li> </ul> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="dropbtn dropdown-toggle">Quick Links <i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></button> <div id="myDropdown" class="dropdown-content"> <a href="/site-image-galleries/">Gallery</a> <a href="/directory/">Directory</a> <a href="/lter-document-archive/">Document Archive</a> <a href="/home/lter-network-calendar/">Events</a> <a href="https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/home.jsp">Data Portal</a><a href="/graphic-resources/">Network Graphics</a><a href="https://lternet.edu/wp-admin">Member Login</a></div> </div> </div> <div id="menuzord" class="menuzord ascaero"> <a href="https://lternet.edu" class="menuzord-brand"><img src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/logo.svg" alt="LTER logo" ></a> <nav role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-main-menu" class="menuzord-menu"><li id="menu-item-45500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-45500"><a href="#">The Network</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-86997" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-86997"><a href="https://lternet.discourse.group/">LTER Community Forum</a></li> <li id="menu-item-89890" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-89890"><a href="https://lternet.edu/directory/">Directory</a></li> <li id="menu-item-87119" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-87119"><a href="https://lternet.edu/about/">About the LTER Network</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-83085" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83085"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/LTER_Self_Study_2019-10-04.pdf">2019 Network Self Study</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45504" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45504"><a href="https://lternet.edu/vision-mission/">Vision/Mission/Goals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46387" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46387"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/lter-a-history/">History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83604" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83604"><a href="https://lternet.edu/opportunities">LTER-related Opportunities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-89456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-89456"><a href="https://lternet.edu/lter-calendar/">LTER Events</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-88635" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-88635"><a href="https://lternet.edu/2024-lter-science-council-meeting/">2024 LTER Science Council Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-87192" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-87192"><a href="/stories/lter-science-council-2023/">2023 Science Council</a></li> <li id="menu-item-85025" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-85025"><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eI9S7kBD_NgK1-WBvoSad4BOqSAEk8_Hyn5cOk-8vYo/edit?usp=sharing">2022 Science Council Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84083" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-84083"><a href="https://lternet.edu/2021-science-council-meeting/">2021 Science Council Meeting</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-84485" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84485"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/2021-lter-site-lightning-talks/">Lightning Talk Schedule</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-84084" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-84084"><a href="https://lternet.edu/2022-all-scientists-meeting/">2022 All Scientists’ Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79649" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-79649"><a href="https://lternet.edu/lter-scientists-meeting-2018/">2018 All Scientists’ Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84122" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84122"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/2021-2022-lter-webinar-series/">2021-2022 Webinar Series</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-81329" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-81329"><a href="https://lternet.edu/lter-meetings-code-of-conduct/">LTER Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46281" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46281"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/">Network Organization</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-46425" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46425"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/">Network Organization</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46280" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46280"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/network-leadership/">Network Leadership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84334" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84334"><a href="https://lternet.edu/committees/">Committees</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46286" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46286"><a href="https://lternet.edu/maillists/">Mail Lists</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46272" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46272"><a href="https://lternet.edu/contact-us/">LTER Network Office</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46275" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46275"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/resources/">Resources</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-81615" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-81615"><a href="https://lternet.edu/intranet/">LTER Document Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46287" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46287"><a href="https://lternet.edu/new-to-the-network/">New to the Network</a></li> <li id="menu-item-82395" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-82395"><a href="https://lternet.edu/information-management-resources/">Information Management Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79082" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-79082"><a href="https://lternet.edu/education-resources/">Education Resources</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-82691" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-82691"><a href="https://lternet.edu/remote-teaching/">Remote Teaching Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79083" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-79083"><a href="https://lternet.edu/educator-recruitment/">Educator Recruitment </a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-45507" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45507"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/diversity-resources/">Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46517" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46517"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/">Communication Resources</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-48242" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48242"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/communications/">Role of the LTER Network Office</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48241" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48241"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/communications-planning/">Communications Planning</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48260" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48260"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/communications-fundamentals/">Communications Fundamentals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48239" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48239"><a href="https://lternet.edu/twitter-for-scientists/">Twitter for scientists: the tool you never knew you needed</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79142" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-79142"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/videos/">Using Video to Communicate Science</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-78273" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-78273"><a href="/site" aria-current="page">Sites</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-41603" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-site current-menu-item menu-item-41603"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/" aria-current="page">Site Profiles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84431" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84431"><a href="https://lternet.edu/gallery/lter-site-briefs/">Site Briefs (2019)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-78671" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-78671"><a href="https://ucsb.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?appid=bc64a6122a1d41d4a0ed60e36222e6b9">LTER Road Trip</a></li> <li id="menu-item-80027" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-80027"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site-characteristics/">Site Characteristics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-80028" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-80028"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site-contacts/">Site Contacts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-45509" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-45509"><a href="#">Research</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-45514" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45514"><a href="https://lternet.edu/how-we-work/">How We Work</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48028" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48028"><a href="https://lternet.edu/using-lter-data/">LTER Data Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83408" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83408"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings">Key Findings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47889"><a href="https://lternet.edu/core-research-areas/">Core Themes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-87059" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-87059"><a href="https://lternet.edu/synthesis/">Synthesis</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-89275" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-89275"><a href="https://lternet.edu/rfp-2024/">Request for Proposals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47888" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47888"><a href="https://lternet.edu/current-working-groups/">LTER Synthesis Working Groups</a></li> <li id="menu-item-89578" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-89578"><a href="https://lternet.edu/ssecr/">Synthesis Skills for Early Career Researchers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48091" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48091"><a href="https://lternet.edu/working-groups/">Working Group Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48087" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48087"><a href="https://lternet.edu/synthesis-resources/">Synthesis Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48088" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48088"><a href="https://lternet.edu/guidance-working-group-pis/">Guidance for Working Group PI’s</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-47000" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-47000"><a href="/bibliography">Publications</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-83506" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83506"><a href="/bibliography">Journal Articles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47001" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47001"><a href="https://lternet.edu/reports/">Reports</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47002" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47002"><a href="https://lternet.edu/books/">Books</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47006" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-document-types menu-item-47006"><a href="https://lternet.edu/?taxonomy=document-types&term=annual-reports-network-publications">Annual Reports</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46300" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-46300"><a href="/education-and-training/">Learning</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-46312" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46312"><a href="https://lternet.edu/graduate/">Graduate Education</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-86361" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-86361"><a href="https://lternet.edu/graduate-writing-fellows/">Graduate Writing Fellows</a></li> <li id="menu-item-85737" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-85737"><a href="https://lternet.edu/category/ssalter/">Short Stories About Long-Term Research Blog</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46311" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46311"><a href="https://lternet.edu/education-and-training/undergraduate/">Undergraduate Research Opportunities</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47998" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47998"><a href="https://lternet.edu/k-12-education/">K-12 Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88019" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-88019"><a href="https://lternet.edu/authentic-research-experience-for-teachers-lters/">For Teachers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47610" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-47610"><a href="https://lternet.edu/engaging-communities/">Engaging Communities</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-81917" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-81917"><a href="https://lternet.edu/engaging-communities/lter-arts-sciences/">LTER Arts & Sciences</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48044" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48044"><a href="https://lternet.edu/engaging-communities/community-science/">Community Science</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46356" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46356"><a href="https://lternet.edu/engaging-communities/site-tours/">Site Tours</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-48041" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48041"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site-activities/">Activities by Site</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46334" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-46334"><a href="#">Using LTER Science</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-78573" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-78573"><a href="https://lternet.edu/using-lter-data/">Finding LTER Data</a></li> <li id="menu-item-86272" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-86272"><a href="https://lternet.edu/apeal-main/">Science Engagement Project</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46365" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46365"><a href="https://lternet.edu/management-partnerships/">Resource Managers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46362" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46362"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communities-individuals/">Communities and Individuals</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-46363" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46363"><a href="https://lternet.edu/scenarios/">Scenarios</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-77897" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-77897"><a href="https://lternet.edu/international/">International</a></li> <li id="menu-item-77900" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-77900"><a href="https://lternet.edu/research-networks/">Related Research Networks</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-78338" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-news-stories menu-item-has-children menu-item-78338"><a href="https://lternet.edu/news-stories/">News</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-78339" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-news-stories menu-item-78339"><a href="https://lternet.edu/news-stories/">LTER in the News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83614" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-83614"><a href="https://us12.campaign-archive.com/home/?u=d7494403ed9d8c97a5479f0d4&id=51157f4ed5">LTER Newsletter Signup</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-83615" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83615"><a href="https://lternet.edu/story_types/databits/">DataBits</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46366" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46366"><a href="https://lternet.edu/social-media/">Social Media</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-89885" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-89885"><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/uslter.bsky.social">Blue Sky</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83618" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83618"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/lter_community/">Instagram</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83620" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83620"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsyi2-kL_cTcm6FOnek-bRA">YouTube</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83616" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83616"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/uslter">Facebook</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83617" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83617"><a href="https://twitter.com/USLTER">Twitter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83621" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83621"><a href="https://twitter.com/i/lists/233328733/membersSites%20that%20Tweet">Sites that Tweet</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-89884" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-89884"><a href="https://lternetwork.smugmug.com/">Photo Gallery</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84301" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-84301"><a href="https://lternet.edu/video-homepage/">Video Gallery</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/?s=" class="menu-search-icon"><img src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/search-icon.png" /></a><div id="top-search"><form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://lternet.edu/"> <div > <label for="s" class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</label> <input type="search" id="s" name="s" value="" /> <button type="submit" id="searchsubmit" >Search</button> </div> </form></div></li></ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div>  <script id="mcjs">!function(c,h,i,m,p){m=c.createElement(h),p=c.getElementsByTagName(h)[0],m.async=1,m.src=i,p.parentNode.insertBefore(m,p)}(document,"script","https://chimpstatic.com/mcjs-connected/js/users/d7494403ed9d8c97a5479f0d4/5826af4aec64e5ead2175119e.js");</script> </header> <div id="main"> <div class="inner-banner" id="cemetery"> <div class="container"> <h1 itemprop="headline" rel="bookmark">LTER Site Profiles</h1> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="main-content" class="col-md-12" role="main" itemscope itemprop="mainContentOfPage" itemtype="http://schema.org/Blog"> <p>The US. long-term ecological research network consists of 27 research programs with a rich history of ecological inquiry and collaboration. Bringing together diverse groups of researchers with sustained data collection and ecosystem manipulation experiments, these sites allow each new generation of scientists to apply new tools and explore new questions in systems where the context is well understood, shared, and thoroughly documented. Site profiles contain key information on research, history, people, institutional affiliations, and location for each LTER site as well as links to additional site information.</p> <p>For information on the Network as a whole, please contact the <a href="/contact-us">LTER Network Office</a>.</p>  <div id="sites-archive-list" class="col-md-12"> <div class="row"> <h2>Current LTER Sites</h2> <ul> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/andrews-forest-lter/">Andrews Forest LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/arctic-lter/">Arctic LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/beaufort-lagoon-ecosystem/">Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/bonanza-creek-lter/">Bonanza Creek LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/california-current-ecosystem-lter/">California Current Ecosystem LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/cedar-creek-ecosystem-science-reserve/">Cedar Creek LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/central-arizona-phoenix-lter/">Central Arizona – Phoenix LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/florida-coastal-everglades-lter/">Florida Coastal Everglades LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/georgia-coastal-ecosystems-lter/">Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/harvard-forest-lter/">Harvard Forest LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/hubbard-brook-lter/">Hubbard Brook LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/jornada-basin-lter/">Jornada Basin LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/kellogg-biological-station-lter/">Kellogg Biological Station LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/konza-prairie-lter/">Konza Prairie LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/luquillo-lter/">Luquillo LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/mcmurdo-dry-valleys-lter/">McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/minneapolis-st-paul-lter/">Minneapolis-St. Paul LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/moorea-coral-reef-lter/">Moorea Coral Reef LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/niwot-ridge-lter/">Niwot Ridge LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/north-temperate-lakes-lter/">North Temperate Lakes LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/northeast-u-s-shelf/">Northeast U.S. Shelf LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/northern-gulf-alaska/">Northern Gulf of Alaska LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/palmer-antarctica-lter/">Palmer Antarctica LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/plum-island-ecosystems-lter/">Plum Island Ecosystems LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/santa-barbara-coastal-lter/">Santa Barbara Coastal LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/sevilleta-lter/">Sevilleta LTER</a></li> </div> <div class='col-md-4 col-sm-6'> <li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/virginia-coast-reserve-lter/">Virginia Coast Reserve LTER</a></li> </div> </ul> </div>  <div id="former-sites-archive-list" class="col-md-12"> <div class="row"> <h2>Former LTER Sites</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/baltimore-ecosystem-study/">Baltimore Ecosystem Study</a></li><li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/coweeta-lter/">Coweeta LTER</a></li><li><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/shortgrass-steppe-lter/">Shortgrass Steppe LTER</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class = "col-sm-2"> </div> <div> <button onclick="location.href='https://lternet.edu/gallery/lter-site-briefs/'" style="margin-top:25px"> 2019 Site Briefs</button> <button onclick="location.href='https://lternet.edu/site-characteristics/'" style="margin-top:25px"> Site Characteristics</button> <button onclick="location.href='https://lternet.edu/site-contacts/'" style="margin-top:25px"> Site Contacts</button> </div> <div class = col-md-12> <div class = "row"> <h2> Site Map </h2> <p>Be patient, map takes a few seconds to load.</p> </div> </div>  <div class = 'shinyMap' style = 'position: relative'> <iframe height="800" width="100%" frameborder="no" src="https://lternetwork.shinyapps.io/lter_map_redo/"> </iframe> </div>      </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer" role="contentinfo" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPFooter"> <div class="container"> <nav role="navigation"> <div id="footer-nav"> <a href="/home/lter-network-calendar/">Events</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/intranet">Document Archive</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/directory">People</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/bibliography">Publications</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/opportunities">Opportunities</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a></div> </nav> <div id="copy"> © 2024 LTER. Managed by <span class="hilite"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/lter-network-office-home/">LTER Network Office</a></span>, NCEAS, UCSB, 1021 Anacapa Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101<br> Except where otherwise noted, material may be re-used under a <span class="hilite"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license</a></span>. </div> <div id="nsf"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-src="/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/NSF_4-Color-150x100-1.png"><noscript><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/NSF_4-Color-150x100-1.png"></noscript> <p>This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DEB#1545288, 10/1/2015-9/30/19 and DEB#1929393, 09/01/2019-08/31/2024. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.</p> </div> <div> <div id="footer-bottom"><a href="https://lternet.edu/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="https://lternet.edu/feedback">Feedback</a></div><div id="credit">Created by <a href="http://ndic.com">NDIC</a></div> <ul class="social"> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/lter_community/" terget="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/uslter" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/USLTER" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsyi2-kL_cTcm6FOnek-bRA" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer>  <script>window.lazyLoadOptions=[{elements_selector:"img[data-lazy-src],.rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,callback_loaded:function(element){if(element.tagName==="IFRAME"&&element.dataset.rocketLazyload=="fitvidscompatible"){if(element.classList.contains("lazyloaded")){if(typeof window.jQuery!="undefined"){if(jQuery.fn.fitVids){jQuery(element).parent().fitVids()}}}}}},{elements_selector:".rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,}];window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized',function(e){var lazyLoadInstance=e.detail.instance;if(window.MutationObserver){var observer=new MutationObserver(function(mutations){var image_count=0;var iframe_count=0;var rocketlazy_count=0;mutations.forEach(function(mutation){for(var i=0;i<mutation.addedNodes.length;i++){if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName!=='function'){continue} if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName!=='function'){continue} images=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img');is_image=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IMG";iframes=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe');is_iframe=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IFRAME";rocket_lazy=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload');image_count+=images.length;iframe_count+=iframes.length;rocketlazy_count+=rocket_lazy.length;if(is_image){image_count+=1} if(is_iframe){iframe_count+=1}}});if(image_count>0||iframe_count>0||rocketlazy_count>0){lazyLoadInstance.update()}});var b=document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];var config={childList:!0,subtree:!0};observer.observe(b,config)}},!1)</script><script data-no-minify="1" async src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/js/lazyload/17.8.3/lazyload.min.js"></script> <script src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/cache/min/1/6c87c93a360ff8324ee47c1b87d929f3.js" data-minify="1" data-rocket-defer defer></script></body> </html>