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href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Kognaat" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Kognaat" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Kognaat" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Kognaat" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vals_kognate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vals_kognate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vals kognate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vals_kognate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kyk_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kyk_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kyk ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kyk_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kognaat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 39 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" title="كلمة شقيقة – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلمة شقيقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogn%C3%A1u" title="Cognáu – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cognáu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Когнат – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Когнат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognat" title="Cognat – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cognat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Когнатсем (лингвистика) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Когнатсем (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verwandte_W%C3%B6rter" title="Verwandte Wörter – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verwandte Wörter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cognate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kognato" title="Kognato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kognato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognado" title="Cognado – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cognado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustraikide" title="Sustraikide – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sustraikide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87" title="هم‌خانواده – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هم‌خانواده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukulaissana" title="Sukulaissana – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sukulaissana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mot_apparent%C3%A9" title="Mot apparenté – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mot apparenté" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognado" title="Cognado – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cognado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%98" title="קוגנט – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוגנט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="सजातीय शब्द – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सजातीय शब्द" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata_kerabat" title="Kata kerabat – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kata kerabat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parole_imparentate" title="Parole imparentate – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parole imparentate" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%A0%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="同根語 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="同根語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EA%B3%84%EC%96%B4" title="동계어 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동계어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbum_cognatum" title="Verbum cognatum – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Verbum cognatum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognaat_(taalweitesjap)" title="Cognaat (taalweitesjap) – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cognaat (taalweitesjap)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata_seasal" title="Kata seasal – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kata seasal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognaat_(taalkunde)" title="Cognaat (taalkunde) – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cognaat (taalkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kognat_i_lingvistikken" title="Kognat i lingvistikken – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kognat i lingvistikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kognat_(lingvistikk)" title="Kognat (lingvistikk) – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kognat (lingvistikk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyrazy_pokrewne" title="Wyrazy pokrewne – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wyrazy pokrewne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognato" title="Cognato – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cognato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Когнаты (лингвистика) – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Когнаты (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cognate" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cognate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kognat_(lingvistik)" title="Kognat (lingvistik) – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kognat (lingvistik)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="คำร่วมเชื้อสาย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คำร่วมเชื้อสาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%9F_as%C4%B1ll%C4%B1" title="Eş asıllı – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eş asıllı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Когнати (лінгвістика) – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Когнати (лінгвістика)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قرابتدار – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قرابتدار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_nguy%C3%AAn_(ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Đồng nguyên (ngôn ngữ học) – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồng nguyên (ngôn ngữ học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%8D" title="同源词 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="同源词" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90%E8%A9%9E" title="同源詞 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="同源詞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q690548#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kognaat" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Kognaat" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kognaat"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kognaat&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kognaat&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kognaat&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" 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title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Kognaat" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kognaat&oldid=2042590" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kognaat&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><p><b>Kognate</b> is woorde wat 'n gemene oorsprong het. </p><p>Voorbeelde van kognate is die woorde <i>night</i> (<a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>), <i>Nacht</i> (<a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a>), <i>nicht</i> (<a href="/wiki/Skots" title="Skots">Skots</a>), <i>noc</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tsjeggies" title="Tsjeggies">Tsjeggies</a>), <i>nox</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a>), <i>nakti-</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>), <i>noche</i> (<a href="/wiki/Spaans" title="Spaans">Spaans</a>) en <i>naktis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Litaus" title="Litaus">Litaus</a>) wat almal <i>nag</i> beteken en van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Indo-Europese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Indo-Europese (bladsy bestaan nie)">Proto-Indo-Europese</a> (PIE)<i>*nekwt-</i>, "nag" afstam. Nog 'n Indo-Europese voorbeeld is <i>ster</i> (<a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>), <i>star</i> (<a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>), <i>str</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>), <i>star</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sinhala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinhala">Sinhala</a>), <i>aster</i> (<a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a>), <i>stella</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italiaans" title="Italiaans">Italiaans</a>), <i>stairno</i> (<a href="/wiki/Goties" title="Goties">Goties</a>), <i>Stern</i> (<a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a>), <i>starn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Skots" title="Skots">Skots</a>), <i>stjärna</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sweeds" title="Sweeds">Sweeds</a>), <i>setare</i> (<a href="/wiki/Persies" title="Persies">Persies</a>), <i>steren</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kornies" title="Kornies">Kornies</a>), <i>estel</i> (<a href="/wiki/Katalaans" title="Katalaans">Katalaans</a>), <i>estrella</i> (<a href="/wiki/Spaans" title="Spaans">Spaans</a>) en <i>estêre</i> (<a href="/wiki/Koerdies" title="Koerdies">Koerdies</a>), van PIE <i>*ster-</i>, "ster". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hebreeus" title="Hebreeus">Hebreeus</a> <i>shalom</i> en <a href="/wiki/Arabies" title="Arabies">Arabies</a> <i>salaam</i> is ook kognate wat afgelei is van 'n gemene <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semities (bladsy bestaan nie)">Semitiese</a> wortel. </p><p>Kognate kan binne dieselfde taal bestaan. Byvoorbeeld die Engelse <i>ward</i> en <i>guard</i> (<PIE <i>*wer-</i>, "om waar te neem, uit te kyk vir") is kognate soos ook <i>shirt</i> en <i>skirt</i> (<PIE <i>*sker-</i>, "om te sny"). In sommige gevalle het een van die kognaat pare 'n uiteindelike bron in 'n ander taal verwant aan Engels, terwyl die ander een inheems is; in ander gevalle kom beide uit ander tale, baie keer dieselfde een maar op verskillende tye. </p><p>Kognate is baiekeer moeiliker om te herken as in die voorbeelde hierbo en deskundiges verskil soms in hulle beoordeling van getuienis. Die Engelse woord <i>melk</i> is duidelik 'n kognaat van die Afrikaanse <i>melk</i>, Duitse <i>Milch</i> en van die <a href="/wiki/Russies" title="Russies">Russiese</a> <i>moloko</i> (<PIE <i>*melg-</i>, "om te melk"). Aan die ander kant, die Franse <i>lait</i> en <a href="/wiki/Spaans" title="Spaans">Spaanse</a> <i>leche</i> (wat beide "melk") beteken is nie so ooglopend kognate van die <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Griekse</a> <i>galaktos</i> (genitiewe vorm van <i>gala</i>, melk) (<<i>*g(a)lag-</i>, <i>galakt-</i>). </p><p>Kognate kan verskillende betekenis hê: <i>dish</i> (<a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>) en <i>Tisch</i> ("tafel", <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a>), of <i>starve</i> (<a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>) en <i>sterben</i> ("sterf", <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a>), of <i>head</i> (<a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>) en <i>chef</i> ("leier, hoof", <a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Frans</a>), dien as voorbeelde van hoe kognate terme se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantiese_drift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantiese drift (bladsy bestaan nie)">betekenis kan divergeer</a> soos die tale apart ontwikkel. </p><p>Bo en behalwe aparte betekenisse kan kognate ook deur linguistieke veranderingsprosesse verander om nie meer foneties na mekaar te lyk nie: <i>cow</i> en <i>beef</i> is beide afgelei van die selfde Indo-Europese wortel. <i>cow</i> het deur die <a href="/wiki/Germaanse_tale" title="Germaanse tale">Germaanse taalfamilie</a> ontwikkel terwyl <i>beef</i> in Engels aangekom het deur die Italo-Romaanse familie. </p><p>Kognate kan dus voorkom deur leen by ander tale. Op dié manier kom die ooreenkoms tussen die <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engelse</a> <i>to pay</i> en <a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Franse</a> <i>payer</i> van die Engelse leen van <i>to pay</i> van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normaans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Normaans</a> wat soos Frans, die woord van Gallo-Romaans afgelei het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vals_kognate">Vals kognate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kognaat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Vals kognate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kognaat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Vals kognate"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vals_kognate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vals kognate (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vals kognate</a> is woorde wat algemeen as verwant beskou word ('n gemene oorsprong het) terwyl linguistieke ondersoek toon dat die woorde onverwant is. Dus sou mens byvoorbeeld op grond van oppervlakkige ooreenkomste kon dink dat die Latynse werkwoord <i>habere</i> en die Duitse <i>haben</i>, wat beide 'om te hê' beteken, kognate is. 'n Begrip van hoe die woorde in die twee tale ontwikkel het uit <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europees" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Europees">Proto-Indo-Europese</a> (PIE) wortels toon egter dat hulle nie kognaat kan wees nie. Die Duitse <i>haben</i> (soos die Engelse <i>have</i>) kom om die waarheid te sê van PIE *kap, 'om te gryp', en die werklike kognaat daarvan in Latyn is <i>capere</i>, 'om te gryp, aan te gryp, vang'. Die Latyns <i>habere</i> kom aan die ander kant van PIE *ghabh, 'om te gee, om te ontvang', en is dus kognaat met die Engelse <i>give</i> en Duitse <i>geben</i>. </p><p>Die ooreenkoms van woorde in verskillende tale is <i>nie</i> genoeg om aan te dui dat die woorde verwant is aan mekaar nie, op baie dieselfde manier wat ooreenkomste in hoe mens lyk nie bepaal of twee mense geneties verwant is nie. Oor die loop van honderde en duisende jare kan woorde hulle klank heeltemal verander. Dus is die Engelse <i>five</i> en <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <i>pança</i> byvoorbeeld kognate, terwyl die Engelse <i>over</i> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hebreees (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hebreeese</a> <i>a'var</i> nie is nie, en netso is die Engelse <i>dog</i> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mbabaram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mbabaram (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mbabaram</a> <i>dog</i> nie. </p><p>Onderskei dit van die <a href="/wiki/Valse_vriend" class="mw-redirect" title="Valse vriend">valse vriende</a>, wat baiekeer <i>wel</i> kognate is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kyk_ook">Kyk ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kognaat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Kyk ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kognaat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kyk ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geskiedkundige-vergelykende_linguistiek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geskiedkundige-vergelykende linguistiek (bladsy bestaan nie)">Geskiedkundige-vergelykende linguistiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paroniem" title="Paroniem">Paroniem</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kognaat&oldid=2042590">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kognaat&oldid=2042590</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorieë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Etimologie" title="Kategorie:Etimologie">Etimologie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Geskiedkundige_linguistiek" title="Kategorie:Geskiedkundige linguistiek">Geskiedkundige linguistiek</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Woordvorme" title="Kategorie:Woordvorme">Woordvorme</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 20 September 2019 om 05:26 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. 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