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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Lever" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Lever" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. 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accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Anatomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anatomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Anatomie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anatomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditionele_anatomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditionele_anatomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Traditionele anatomie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditionele_anatomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Peritoneale_ligamenten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peritoneale_ligamenten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Peritoneale ligamenten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peritoneale_ligamenten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kwabben" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kwabben"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Kwabben</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kwabben-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leversegmenten_volgens_Couinaud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leversegmenten_volgens_Couinaud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Leversegmenten volgens Couinaud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leversegmenten_volgens_Couinaud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_functionele_eenheid:_leverkwabjes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_functionele_eenheid:_leverkwabjes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>De functionele eenheid: leverkwabjes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_functionele_eenheid:_leverkwabjes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Functies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grondstoffen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grondstoffen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grondstoffen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grondstoffen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Productie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Productie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Productie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Productie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afbraak_van_schadelijke_stoffen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afbraak_van_schadelijke_stoffen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Afbraak van schadelijke stoffen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afbraak_van_schadelijke_stoffen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ziekte_en_beschadiging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ziekte_en_beschadiging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ziekte en beschadiging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ziekte_en_beschadiging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lever_als_voedsel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lever_als_voedsel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Lever als voedsel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lever_als_voedsel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lever</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 179 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-179" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">179 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewer" title="Lewer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lewer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leber" title="Leber – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Leber" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%89%E1%89%A0%E1%89%B5" title="ጉበት – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጉበት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figado" title="Figado – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Figado" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifere" title="Lifere – Oudengels" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lifere" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Oudengels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%AF" title="كبد – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كبد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%92%DC%95%DC%90" title="ܟܒܕܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܒܕܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%AF" title="كبد – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كبد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A7%8E" title="যকৃৎ – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="যকৃৎ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9gadu" title="Fégadu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fégadu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskon" title="Oskon – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Oskon" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BB" title="ТӀул – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ТӀул" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27iwcha" title="K'iwcha – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="K'iwcha" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraciy%C9%99r" title="Qaraciyər – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaraciyər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="باغیر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باغیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Бауыр – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бауыр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeknas" title="Jeknas – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jeknas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoy" title="Katoy – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Katoy" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atay" title="Atay – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Atay" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Печань – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Печань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Печань – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Печань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ati" title="Ati – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ati" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Черен дроб – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Черен дроб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A7%8E" title="যকৃৎ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যকৃৎ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="མཆེར་པ། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མཆེར་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avu" title="Avu – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Avu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jetra" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Эльгэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эльгэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetge" title="Fetge – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fetge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%83ng-c%C3%A2ung" title="Găng-câung – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Găng-câung" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%85" title="ДоӀах – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ДоӀах" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atay_(anatomiya)" title="Atay (anatomiya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Atay (anatomiya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="جەرگ – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەرگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1tra" title="Játra – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Játra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пĕвер – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пĕвер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afu" title="Afu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Afu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leber" title="Leber – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kezebe" title="Kezebe – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kezebe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%AD" title="ފުރަމޭ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފުރަމޭ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81" title="Ήπαρ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ήπαρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9gghet" title="Fégghet – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Fégghet" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver" title="Liver – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Liver" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepato" title="Hepato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hepato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADgado" title="Hígado – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hígado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maks" title="Maks – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maks" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibel" title="Gibel – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gibel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%AF" title="کبد – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کبد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksa" title="Maksa – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maksa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yate" title="Yate – Fijisch" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Yate" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foie" title="Foie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Foie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ae" title="Ae – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ae" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwa" title="Fwa – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fwa" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B9than" title="Grùthan – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Grùthan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADgado" title="Fígado – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fígado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dgado" title="Ígado – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ígado" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apana" title="Apana – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Apana" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4n-chh%C3%B3ng" title="Kôn-chhóng – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kôn-chhóng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%93" title="כבד – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כבד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4" title="यकृत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यकृत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareja" title="Kareja – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kareja" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jetra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwa_(%C3%B2gan)" title="Fwa (ògan) – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fwa (ògan)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1j" title="Máj – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Máj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Լյարդ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լյարդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Լեարդ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լեարդ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficato" title="Ficato – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ficato" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hati" title="Hati – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalem" title="Dalem – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Dalem" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepato" title="Hepato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hepato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifur" title="Lifur – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lifur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fegato" title="Fegato – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fegato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%93" title="肝臓 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="肝臓" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ati" title="Ati – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ati" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ღვიძლი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ღვიძლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%94y%C9%9B" title="Hɔyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hɔyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hati" title="Hati – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Hati" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Бауыр (орган) – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бауыр (орган)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98" title="ថ្លើម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ថ្លើម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81" title="ಯಕೃತ್ತು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯಕೃತ್ತು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%84" title="간 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="간" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%9B%DB%8C%D9%9A%DB%81%D9%86%DB%81%D9%95_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="کرٛیٚہنہٕ ماز – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کرٛیٚہنہٕ ماز" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kezeb" title="Kezeb – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kezeb" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avi" title="Avi – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Avi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Боор – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Боор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iecur" title="Iecur – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iecur" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liewer" title="Liewer – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Liewer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%80" title="ТтиликӀ – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ТтиликӀ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8C_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Лекь (анатомия) – Lezgisch" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Лекь (анатомия)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figato" title="Figato – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Figato" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laever" title="Laever – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Laever" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fui%C3%A0_fosch" title="Fuià fosch – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Fuià fosch" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidegh" title="Fidegh – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fidegh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libale" title="Libale – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Libale" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A" title="ຕັບ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕັບ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepenys" title="Kepenys – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kepenys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aknas" title="Aknas – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aknas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aty" title="Aty – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aty" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%88" title="Мокш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мокш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Црн дроб – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црн дроб" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BE" title="കരൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കരൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Элэг – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Элэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%94" title="ꯂꯤꯚꯔ – Meitei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯚꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meitei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4" title="यकृत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="यकृत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hati" title="Hati – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwied" title="Fwied – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Fwied" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အသည်း – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အသည်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Максо – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Максо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92ltapachtli" title="Ēltapachtli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ēltapachtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebber" title="Lebber – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lebber" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B" title="कलेजो – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कलेजो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82" title="सें – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सें" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetge" title="Fetge – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fetge" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruu" title="Tiruu – Afaan Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tiruu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Afaan Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%A4" title="ଯକୃତ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଯକୃତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%C3%A6%D1%80" title="Игæр – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Игæр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਾਲਜਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਲਜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altey" title="Altey – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Altey" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate" title="Ate – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ate" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%85troba" title="Wątroba – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wątroba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACdich" title="Fìdich – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fìdich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="کلیجا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کلیجا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87" title="اينه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اينه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADgado" title="Fígado – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fígado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukupin" title="Kukupin – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kukupin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igitigu" title="Igitigu – Kirundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Igitigu" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Kirundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficat" title="Ficat – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ficat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicatu" title="Hicatu – Aroemeens" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Hicatu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aroemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Печень – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Печень" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Печунка – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Печунка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D" title="यकृत् – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="यकृत्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Быар – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Быар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱤᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figadu" title="Figadu – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Figadu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACcatu" title="Fìcatu – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fìcatu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver" title="Liver – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Liver" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جيرو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جيرو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jetra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasa" title="Tasa – Tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="අක්මාව – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අක්මාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver" title="Liver – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Liver" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C4%8De%C5%88" title="Pečeň – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pečeň" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jetra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitaka" title="Chitaka – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chitaka" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_(xubin)" title="Beer (xubin) – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Beer (xubin)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABl%C3%A7ia" title="Mëlçia – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mëlçia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Јетра – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јетра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ati" title="Ati – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ati" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ini" title="Ini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/atay" title="atay – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="atay" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கல்லீரல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கல்லீரல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కాలేయం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాలేయం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ҷигар – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷигар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ตับ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตับ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagyr" title="Bagyr – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bagyr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atay" title="Atay – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Atay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaci%C4%9Fer" title="Karaciğer – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karaciğer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Бавыр – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бавыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%89%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1" title="جىگەر – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جىگەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Печінка – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Печінка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="جگر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جگر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jigar" title="Jigar – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jigar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig%C3%A0" title="Figà – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Figà" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan" title="Gan – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foad" title="Foad – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Foad" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foete" title="Foete – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Foete" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atay" title="Atay – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Atay" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%84%8F" title="肝脏 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="肝脏" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isibindi" title="Isibindi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Isibindi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A9%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="ჩხონჩხი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩხონჩხი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="לעבער – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לעבער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daep" title="Daep – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Daep" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⴰⵙⴰ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵙⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" title="肝臟 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="肝臟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koa%E2%81%BF" title="Koaⁿ – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Koaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9D" title="肝 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="肝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9368#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lever" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Lever" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lever"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lever"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Lever" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Lever" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&oldid=68458074" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Lever&id=68458074&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLever"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLever"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Lever"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lever&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Liver" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9368" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-woordenboek" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="tpl_Woordenboek"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/lever" title="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek"><img alt="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/20px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/40px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="sjabloon_zie" class="hatnote" style="padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span style="padding-right:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/40px-Disambig-dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/60px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="340" /></span></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Lever_(doorverwijspagina)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lever (doorverwijspagina)">Lever (doorverwijspagina)</a> voor andere betekenissen van Lever.</i> </div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Lever </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><i><b>Hepar</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Leber_Schaf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Schaapslever 1=rechterleverkwab, 2=linkerleverkwab, 3=lobus caudatus, 4=lobus quadratus, 5=leverslagader en poortader, 6=leverlymfklieren, 7=galblaas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Leber_Schaf.jpg/266px-Leber_Schaf.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Leber_Schaf.jpg/399px-Leber_Schaf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Leber_Schaf.jpg/532px-Leber_Schaf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1703" data-file-height="1210" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Schaapslever<br />1=rechterleverkwab, 2=linkerleverkwab, 3=lobus caudatus, 4=lobus quadratus, 5=leverslagader en <a href="/wiki/Leverpoortader" title="Leverpoortader">poortader</a>, 6=leverlymfklieren, 7=<a href="/wiki/Galblaas" title="Galblaas">galblaas</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Gegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Orgaansysteem" title="Orgaansysteem">Orgaanstelsel</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spijsverteringsstelsel_(mens)" title="Spijsverteringsstelsel (mens)">Spijsverteringsstelsel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Embryologie" title="Embryologie">Embryologie</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oerdarm" class="mw-redirect" title="Oerdarm">oerdarm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zenuw" title="Zenuw">Zenuw</a> </th> <td colspan="2">ganglion coeliacum, <a href="/wiki/Nervus_vagus" title="Nervus vagus">nervus vagus</a>, </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Naslagwerken </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> </th> <td colspan="2">p.1188 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/pages-1188">tekst</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray/page/1188/mode/2up?view=theater">foto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D008099">D008099: Liver</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=3023">3023</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Biologie" title="Portaal:Biologie">Biologie</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>De <b>lever</b> (<a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a>: <i>hepar</i>, <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijn</a>: <i>iecur</i>) is een essentieel en veelzijdig orgaan bij <a href="/wiki/Gewervelden" title="Gewervelden">gewervelde dieren</a> en dus ook bij de mens. Ze speelt een belangrijke rol in het <a href="/wiki/Stofwisseling" title="Stofwisseling">metabolisme</a>. Door de vele soorten stofomzettingen die in de lever plaatsvinden, genereert de lever veel warmte die, als <a href="/wiki/Lichaamswarmte" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichaamswarmte">lichaamswarmte</a>, door het <a href="/wiki/Bloed" title="Bloed">bloed</a> via de <a href="/wiki/Bloedbaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloedbaan">bloedbaan</a> over het hele organisme wordt verspreid. </p><p>In het <a href="/wiki/Menselijk_lichaam" title="Menselijk lichaam">menselijk lichaam</a> is de lever beveiligd door de onderste <a href="/wiki/Rib_(anatomie)" title="Rib (anatomie)">ribben</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Ribbenkast" title="Ribbenkast">borstkas</a>, rechtsboven in de <a href="/wiki/Buikholte" title="Buikholte">buikholte</a>. Met een gewicht van anderhalve kilogram is het na de <a href="/wiki/Huid" title="Huid">huid</a> het zwaarste orgaan. Het is ook het actiefste en na de <a href="/wiki/Hersenen" title="Hersenen">hersenen</a> het veelzijdigste orgaan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomie">Anatomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Anatomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Anatomie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Gray1087-liver.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png/330px-Gray1087-liver.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png/500px-Gray1087-liver.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png/520px-Gray1087-liver.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>Lever vanaf de rugzijde</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Gray1085.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gray1085.png/260px-Gray1085.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gray1085.png/390px-Gray1085.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gray1085.png/520px-Gray1085.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Lever vanaf de bovenzijde</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Liver_inferior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Liver_inferior.jpg/330px-Liver_inferior.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Liver_inferior.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="232" /></a><figcaption>Lever vanaf de onderzijde</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal_triad.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Portal_triad.JPG/330px-Portal_triad.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Portal_triad.JPG/500px-Portal_triad.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Portal_triad.JPG/520px-Portal_triad.JPG 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Leverweefsel (driehoekje van Kiernan) met slagader (<a href="/wiki/Arterie" class="mw-redirect" title="Arterie">arterie</a>), poortader (<a href="/wiki/Leverpoortader" title="Leverpoortader">portale vene</a>) en <a href="/wiki/Galkanaal" title="Galkanaal">galkanaal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ductus_choledochus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ductus choledochus">ductus choledochus</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Hepatic_structure_nl01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Hepatic_structure_nl01.png/260px-Hepatic_structure_nl01.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Hepatic_structure_nl01.png/390px-Hepatic_structure_nl01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Hepatic_structure_nl01.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>Structuur van lobulus hepatis, leverkwabje</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditionele_anatomie">Traditionele anatomie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Traditionele anatomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Traditionele anatomie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peritoneale_ligamenten">Peritoneale ligamenten</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Peritoneale ligamenten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Peritoneale ligamenten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De lever is, behalve op de plek waar hij aan het <a href="/wiki/Middenrif" title="Middenrif">diafragma</a> vastzit, volledig bedekt door het <a href="/wiki/Buikvlies" title="Buikvlies">buikvlies</a>, een dun dubbellaags <a href="/wiki/Mesotheel" title="Mesotheel">membraan</a> dat <a href="/wiki/Wrijving" title="Wrijving">wrijving</a> met andere organen vermindert. Het buikvlies vouwt terug en vormt daarmee het <a href="/wiki/Ligamentum_falciforme" title="Ligamentum falciforme">ligamentum falciforme</a>, het ligamentum hepato gastricum, het ligamentum triangulare dextrum en het ligamentum triangulare sinistrum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kwabben">Kwabben</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kwabben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kwabben"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de traditionele anatomie wordt de lever verdeeld in vier kwabben, gebaseerd op oppervlaktekenmerken. Het <a href="/wiki/Ligamentum_falciforme" title="Ligamentum falciforme">ligamentum falciforme</a> is zichtbaar aan de voorkant van de lever. Dit verdeelt de lever in een linker- en rechter leverkwab. Als de lever wordt omgedraaid om er vanaf de achterkant naar te kijken, zijn er twee extra kwabben tussen links en rechts te zien. Dit zijn de lobus caudatus (meer superieur gelegen) en daaronder de lobus quadratus. </p><p>De kwabben zijn van elkaar gesplitst door het <a href="/wiki/Ligamentum_venosum" title="Ligamentum venosum">ligamentum venosum</a> en het ligamentum teres (alles wat <a href="/wiki/Mediaal" title="Mediaal">mediaal</a> van deze ligamenten ligt is de linkerkwab), de porta hepatis verdeelt de lobus caudatus van de lobus quadratus en de fossa sagittalis, waarover de <a href="/wiki/Vena_cava_inferior" title="Vena cava inferior">vena cava inferior</a> loopt, die deze twee kwabben van de rechterkwab scheidt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Leversegmenten_volgens_Couinaud">Leversegmenten volgens Couinaud</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Leversegmenten volgens Couinaud" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Leversegmenten volgens Couinaud"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de leverchirurgie wordt de classificatie van de lever in acht <a href="/wiki/Leversegmenten" title="Leversegmenten">leversegmenten</a> volgens Couinaud gebruikt. Dit is een functionele onderverdeling volgens toevoer van bloed naar de verschillende delen van de lever. Nieuwer onderzoek laat zien, dat deze indeling niet opgaat omdat er meer aftakkingen van de vena porta, en daarmee segmenten, te vinden zijn.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_functionele_eenheid:_leverkwabjes">De functionele eenheid: leverkwabjes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: De functionele eenheid: leverkwabjes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: De functionele eenheid: leverkwabjes"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De lever bestaat uit duizenden kleine celformaties, kwabjes (lobuli hepatis), van 1 millimeter doorsnede, die het bloed verwerken.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vertakkingen van poortader, leverslagader en galbuis liggen rondom ieder kwabje. Een centraal adertje voert bloed naar het hart. Ieder kwabje bevat <a href="/wiki/Celdifferentiatie" title="Celdifferentiatie">gespecialiseerde cellen</a> die alle chemische functies van de lever vervullen. Voedselrijk bloed uit de dunne darm komt het kwabje binnen vanuit de poortader. Dit wordt door de levercellen verwerkt terwijl het via kanaaltjes in de leversinusoïde naar het centrale adertje stroomt. Zuurstofarm en verwerkt bloed uit het kwabje stroomt uiteindelijk terug naar het hart. Gal dat door de levercellen is gemaakt, komt in kleine afvoerwegen die uitmonden in de galbuis. </p><p>De leverkwabjes worden bijeengehouden door een fijn, onregelmatig, fibroelastisch laagje bindweefsel dat ontstaat uit een fibreus kapsel. Dit stevige kapsel heet het kapsel van Glisson en bedekt de volledige lever, behalve ter hoogte van de leverhilus waar het als een bindweefselschede rond de vaten en de galwegen de lever binnendringt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functies">Functies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Functies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Functies"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De leverfuncties kunnen worden verdeeld in drie hoofdgroepen: </p> <ol><li>Vasculaire functie: de lever bevat een betrekkelijk groot bloeddepot en kan bijdragen aan de <a href="/wiki/Erytropo%C3%ABse" title="Erytropoëse">erytropoëse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uitscheiding" class="mw-redirect" title="Uitscheiding">Secretoire functie</a>: productie van <a href="/wiki/Gal_(stof)" title="Gal (stof)">gal</a>. Een gedeelte van de gal wordt opgeslagen in de <a href="/wiki/Galblaas" title="Galblaas">galblaas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stofwisseling" title="Stofwisseling">Metabole functie</a>: is zeer breed, bijvoorbeeld: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suikerstofwisseling" class="mw-redirect" title="Suikerstofwisseling">koolhydraatstofwisseling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetstofwisseling" title="Vetstofwisseling">vetstofwisseling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%AFne" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteïne">eiwitstofwisseling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloedzuiverend" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloedzuiverend">detoxificatie</a> van stoffen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormonen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hormonen">hormoonafbraak</a></li></ul></li></ol> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Stofwisseling" title="Stofwisseling">activiteiten</a> van de lever leveren zoveel warmte op dat, via warmteafgifte van de lever aan het <a href="/wiki/Bloed" title="Bloed">bloed</a>, het hele lichaam op temperatuur gehouden wordt. </p><p>De lever zorgt voor de opbouw, opslag en afbraak van energierijke stoffen. De vorming van gal, een vloeistof die ervoor zorgt dat vetoplosbare stoffen het lichaam via de lever kunnen verlaten en dat vetten en vetoplosbare vitamines uit de voeding worden gehaald. </p><p>De lever is een reservoir voor verschillende stoffen: </p> <ul><li>noodvoorraad <a href="/wiki/Glycogeen" title="Glycogeen">glycogeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamine_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamine A">vitamine A</a> (1 à 2 jaar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamine_D" title="Vitamine D">vitamine D</a> (1 tot 4 maanden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamine_B12" title="Vitamine B12">vitamine B12</a> (1-3 jaar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamine_K" title="Vitamine K">vitamine K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJzer_(voeding)" title="IJzer (voeding)">ijzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koper_(element)" title="Koper (element)">koper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloed" title="Bloed">bloed</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grondstoffen">Grondstoffen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Grondstoffen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Grondstoffen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Voedingsstof" title="Voedingsstof">grondstoffen</a> die de lever te verwerken krijgt, komen binnen via de <a href="/wiki/Leverpoortader" title="Leverpoortader">poortader</a>. Per minuut stroomt door die ader anderhalve liter bloed de lever binnen, vanuit de <a href="/wiki/Haarvat" title="Haarvat">haarvaten</a> rond de <a href="/wiki/Maag" title="Maag">maag</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Darm" class="mw-redirect" title="Darm">darmen</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Milt" title="Milt">milt</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Alvleesklier" title="Alvleesklier">alvleesklier</a>. In dit bloed bevindt zich het in de <a href="/wiki/Maag-darmstelsel" title="Maag-darmstelsel">spijsverteringsorganen</a> verteerde voedsel: <a href="/wiki/Aminozuur" title="Aminozuur">aminozuren</a> uit de <a href="/wiki/Spijsvertering" title="Spijsvertering">vertering</a> van <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%AFne" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteïne">eiwitten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a> uit de vertering van <a href="/wiki/Koolhydraat" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolhydraat">koolhydraten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vetzuur" title="Vetzuur">vetzuren</a> uit de vertering van <a href="/wiki/Vet" title="Vet">vetten</a>, vitamines, mineralen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Productie">Productie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Productie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Productie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De lever geeft de aminozuren af aan het bloed of <a href="/wiki/Transaminering" title="Transaminering">bewerkt</a> ze. Een gedeelte van de glucose en vetten slaat de lever zelf op; glucose wordt opgeslagen als <a href="/wiki/Glycogeen" title="Glycogeen">glycogeen</a>. Ook <a href="/wiki/IJzer_(voeding)" title="IJzer (voeding)">ijzer</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vitamine" title="Vitamine">vitamine</a> A, B12 en D worden bewerkt en opgeslagen in bepaalde delen van de lever. </p><p>De lever <a href="/wiki/Biosynthese" title="Biosynthese">maakt</a> verschillende eiwitten aan die in het bloed een eigen functie vervullen; bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Fibrinogeen" title="Fibrinogeen">fibrinogeen</a> dat nodig is voor de bloedstolling (<a href="/wiki/Hemostase" title="Hemostase">hemostase</a>), en eiwitten die een taak hebben in de <a href="/wiki/Afweer" class="mw-redirect" title="Afweer">afweer</a>. De lever produceert ook het eiwit <a href="/wiki/Albumine" title="Albumine">albumine</a>, dat dient om de "<a href="/wiki/Collo%C3%AFde" title="Colloïde">colloïd</a> <a href="/wiki/Osmotische_druk" title="Osmotische druk">osmotische druk</a>" tussen de verschillende (door <a href="/wiki/Haarvat" title="Haarvat">haarvaten</a> doorbloede) <a href="/wiki/Weefsel_(biologie)" title="Weefsel (biologie)">weefsels</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Hart_en_vaatstelsel" title="Hart en vaatstelsel">bloedbaan</a> op peil te houden. Het bloed met het opgeloste albumine heeft een hogere <a href="/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose">osmotische waarde</a> dan het <a href="/wiki/Extracellulaire_vloeistof" title="Extracellulaire vloeistof">vocht tussen de weefselcellen</a>, waardoor het weefselvocht als het ware wordt opgezogen door het bloed in de haarvaten. Vanuit de haarvaten stroomt het bloed verder naar de aders. </p><p>Een andere belangrijke functie van de lever is het zuiveren van het <a href="/wiki/Bloed" title="Bloed">bloed</a>. Vanuit de stofwisseling in de verschillende lichaamsweefsels afkomstige afvalstoffen, moeten uit het bloed worden gefilterd, voordat het bloed terugkeert in de circulatie, richting de <a href="/wiki/Long_(orgaan)" title="Long (orgaan)">longen</a>. In de <a href="/wiki/Milt" title="Milt">milt</a>, die aan de andere kant van de buikholte op dezelfde hoogte zit, worden stervende <a href="/wiki/Rode_bloedcel" title="Rode bloedcel">rode bloedcellen</a> afgebroken. Bij dit proces komt het afvalproduct <a href="/wiki/Bilirubine" title="Bilirubine">bilirubine</a> vrij, dat door de milt in de bloedbaan geloosd wordt. De lever op haar beurt filtert dit eruit en scheidt dit, naast andere afvalstoffen zoals <a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">cholesterol</a>, via een tussenstop in de <a href="/wiki/Galblaas" title="Galblaas">galblaas</a>, uit in de <a href="/wiki/Twaalfvingerige_darm" title="Twaalfvingerige darm">twaalfvingerige darm</a>. Deze bilirubine geeft de <a href="/wiki/Ontlasting" title="Ontlasting">ontlasting</a> - als het chemische complex goed werkt - haar bruine kleur. Zijn die afvoerwegen verstopt (bijvoorbeeld door <a href="/wiki/Galsteen" title="Galsteen">galstenen</a>, die door het klonteren van de cholesterol in de gal kunnen ontstaan), dan ontbreken in de ontlasting ook die <a href="/wiki/Kleurstof" title="Kleurstof">kleurstoffen</a> en heeft de ontlasting weinig kleur. Iemand met een zieke lever krijgt al snel een donkergele huidskleur (deze zogeheten <a href="/wiki/Geelzucht" title="Geelzucht">geelzucht</a> is een bekend symptoom van een ontsteking of andere stoornis in het leversysteem) doordat de bilirubine zich ophoopt in het lichaam. </p><p>De lever produceert ook <a href="/wiki/Gal_(stof)" title="Gal (stof)">gal</a>; per dag iets meer dan een halve liter. Die gal komt via de galblaas in de darmen, wat gebeurt als de maag zich gevuld heeft. Gal verandert de <a href="/wiki/Vet" title="Vet">vetten</a> in het voedsel in kleinere eenheden, waardoor voor enzymen een groter contactoppervlak ontstaat en de vertering sneller kan verlopen. Hierbij ontstaan <a href="/wiki/Vetzuur" title="Vetzuur">vetzuren</a> die dan via de darmen en het bloed weer in de lever terechtkomen, waar ze in de energievoorziening van het lichaam een rol spelen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afbraak_van_schadelijke_stoffen">Afbraak van schadelijke stoffen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Afbraak van schadelijke stoffen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Afbraak van schadelijke stoffen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een groot deel van het tijdens de omzettingen van <a href="/wiki/Aminozuur" title="Aminozuur">aminozuren</a> in de lever ontstane <a href="/wiki/Ammoniak" title="Ammoniak">ammoniak</a> wordt direct omgezet tot <a href="/wiki/Ureum" title="Ureum">ureum</a> en afgegeven aan het bloed. De <a href="/wiki/Nier_(biologie)" title="Nier (biologie)">nieren</a> scheiden dit dan weer uit. </p><p>De lever haalt daarnaast allerlei schadelijke en giftige stoffen uit het bloed. Zo kan de lever een geneesmiddel deels of volledig onwerkzaam maken. <a href="/wiki/Barbituraten" title="Barbituraten">Barbituraten</a> (bepaalde <a href="/wiki/Slaapmiddel" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaapmiddel">slaapmiddelen</a>) en <a href="/wiki/Sulfapreparaten" title="Sulfapreparaten">sulfapreparaten</a> worden door de lever uit het bloed gefilterd. Bij dosering van <a href="/wiki/Medicijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicijn">medicijnen</a> wordt rekening gehouden met de 'ontgiftende' functie van de lever. En omgekeerd: wanneer de lever door ziekte of natuurlijke slijtage (ouderdom) niet goed meer functioneert, zullen medicijnen in lagere doses per keer gegeven moeten worden. Bovendien is er een <a href="/wiki/Genetische_variatie" title="Genetische variatie">genetische variatie</a> in de mate waarin deze afbraak gebeurt. </p><p>Bij <a href="/wiki/Orale" class="mw-redirect" title="Orale">orale</a> inname van geneesmiddelen gebeurt het volgende. Als een pil in de maag is gearriveerd valt ze langzaam uit elkaar. Daarna kan de werkzame stof oplossen. In de maag wordt er meestal weinig van opgenomen. Uiteindelijk wordt de stof deels of helemaal opgenomen in de <a href="/wiki/Dunne_darm" title="Dunne darm">dunne darm</a>. In de darmcellen kan het geneesmiddel al deels worden <a href="/wiki/Metabolisatie" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolisatie">gemetaboliseerd</a>. Daarna gaat de stof via de <a href="/wiki/Leverpoortader" title="Leverpoortader">poortader</a> naar de lever. De lever kan het geneesmiddel verwerken, dit heet <i><a href="/wiki/Biotransformatie" title="Biotransformatie">biotransformatie</a></i>. Biotransformatie is het omzetten van geneesmiddelen in <a href="/wiki/Metaboliet" title="Metaboliet">metabolieten</a>. De lever kan het geneesmiddel of metabolieten ervan via de gal in de dunne darm uitscheiden, waarna het bij de ontlasting komt. Soms wordt een geneesmiddel volledig onschadelijk gemaakt door omzetting of <a href="/wiki/Excretie" title="Excretie">excretie</a> in de gal. Dit heet het "<i><a href="/wiki/First-pass-effect" title="First-pass-effect">first-pass-effect</a></i>" (effect van eerste leverpassage). </p><p>De metaboliet kan zelf ook een werkzaam effect bezitten. Sommige geneesmiddelen zijn zo gemaakt dat de toegediende stof zelf niet werkzaam is, maar het effect bewerkstelligd wordt door de metaboliet. </p><p>Het overgebleven geneesmiddel (en eventueel metabolieten) komen dan via de <a href="/wiki/Vena_cava" class="mw-redirect" title="Vena cava">vena cava</a> inferior in het <a href="/wiki/Hart" title="Hart">hart</a> terecht, van waaruit het alle weefsels kan bereiken. </p><p>Soms wordt een medicijn ook per <a href="/wiki/Zetpil" title="Zetpil">zetpil</a> toegediend: het bloed uit de endeldarm (het laatste gedeelte van de dikke darm) gaat namelijk rechtstreeks naar het hart, het passeert niet eerst de lever. </p><p>Vanuit het hart komt een deel van het middel terug naar de lever, waar er weer een deel kan worden afgebroken of uitgescheiden in de gal. Zo daalt de concentratie van het geneesmiddel in het bloed. Sommige geneesmiddelen of metabolieten worden niet door de lever verwerkt, maar door de nieren uitgescheiden in de urine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ziekte_en_beschadiging">Ziekte en beschadiging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ziekte en beschadiging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ziekte en beschadiging"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De lever is uniek onder de andere organen, in die zin dat een beschadigde lever weer <a href="/wiki/Regeneratie_(biologie)" title="Regeneratie (biologie)">regenereert</a>. Zo is het mogelijk om een gedeeltelijke lever te <a href="/wiki/Transplantatie" title="Transplantatie">transplanteren</a>. Bij beide personen, dus zowel <a href="/wiki/Donor_(geneeskunde)" title="Donor (geneeskunde)">donor</a> als ontvanger, groeien dan (als het hele proces slaagt) de twee levers weer aan tot een normale omvang. </p><p>Anders ligt het wanneer het uiterst fijn opgebouwde leverweefsel verwoest wordt en overwoekerd wordt door <a href="/wiki/Bindweefsel" title="Bindweefsel">bindweefsel</a>. Zo'n verschrompeling van de lever (<a href="/wiki/Cirrose" title="Cirrose">cirrose</a>) kan zeer veel verschillende oorzaken hebben, waaronder <a href="/wiki/Alcoholisme" title="Alcoholisme">alcoholisme</a>, virale <a href="/wiki/Leverontsteking" title="Leverontsteking">hepatitis</a> (waaronder met name hepatitis B en C), <a href="/wiki/Hemochromatose" title="Hemochromatose">ijzerstapeling</a> (hemochromatose), auto-immuunhepatitis en nog vele andere oorzaken. </p> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/20px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/40px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>zie ook: <a href="/wiki/Leverziekten" title="Leverziekten">Leverziekten</a></i></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lever_als_voedsel">Lever als voedsel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Lever als voedsel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Lever als voedsel"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De lever van verschillende dieren wordt door mensen geconsumeerd, en geldt vaak als delicatesse. Bekend is vooral de <a href="/wiki/Foie_gras" title="Foie gras">foie gras</a> (ganzenlever) en <a href="/wiki/Leverpastei" title="Leverpastei">leverpastei</a> (gemaakt van varkenslever), maar ook kippenlevers en runderlevers worden voor consumptie gebruikt. Lever heeft meestal een sterke typische geur en smaak die lang niet iedereen kan waarderen. </p><p>In de lever worden echter ook schadelijke en giftige stoffen opgeslagen die het lichaam niet kan uitscheiden, en daarom is het beter niet te vaak lever te eten. IJsberenlever bevat zoveel <a href="/wiki/Vitamine_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamine A">vitamine A</a> dat het giftig is voor menselijke consumptie, iets dat poolreizigers tot hun schade hebben ondervonden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leverknop" title="Leverknop">Leverknop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maag_Lever_Darm_Stichting" class="mw-redirect" title="Maag Lever Darm Stichting">Maag Lever Darm Stichting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARS" title="MARS">MARS</a>-leverdialyse, geneeskundige behandeling toegepast bij leverinsufficiëntie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC-BAL" title="AMC-BAL">AMC-BAL</a>-leverdialyse, eveneens een geneeskundige behandeling voor toepassing bij leverinsufficiëntie, maar die ondanks gevorderde en uitstekende testresultaten nog niet in de praktijk gebruikt wordt.</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Voetnoten</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Fasel J.H.</span> (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18484609?dopt=Abstract">Portal venous territories within the human liver: an anatomical reappraisal.</a> <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Far.20658">10.1002/ar.20658</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Nederlands">(<span>nl</span>) </span><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120530072134/http://www.kiesbeter.nl/medische-informatie/medische-encyclopedie/structuur-lever-galblaas-en-alvleesklier/">Lever, galblaas en alvleesklier (structuur)</a>. KiesBeter.nl. Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2012-05-30">30 mei 2012</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Onderwerp toevoegen</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-01-10T22:01:46Z","dateModified":"2024-12-01T08:01:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/64\/Leber_Schaf.jpg","headline":"orgaan bij gewervelde dieren"}</script> </body> </html>