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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American minister and businessman</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Thomas S. Hinde</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_S_Hinde_Sketch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A rough sketch (the only known portrait of him)"><img alt="A rough sketch (the only known portrait of him)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Thomas_S_Hinde_Sketch.jpg/220px-Thomas_S_Hinde_Sketch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Thomas_S_Hinde_Sketch.jpg/330px-Thomas_S_Hinde_Sketch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Thomas_S_Hinde_Sketch.jpg/440px-Thomas_S_Hinde_Sketch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="697" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">A rough sketch (the only known portrait of him)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Thomas Spottswood Hinde<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1785-04-19</span>)</span>April 19, 1785<br /><a href="/wiki/Hanover_County,_Virginia" title="Hanover County, Virginia">Hanover County, Virginia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">February 9, 1846<span style="display:none">(1846-02-09)</span> (aged 60)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel,_Illinois" title="Mount Carmel, Illinois">Mount Carmel, Illinois</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Sandhill Cemetery<br />Mount Carmel, Illinois</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Pen name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;">Theophilus Arminius</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate entrepreneur">Real estate entrepreneur</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist Minister</a><br />Author</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a><br />Religious<br />History</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">The Pilgrams Songster<br />Editor of <i>The Fredonian</i><br />Biography of William Beauchamp<br />Biography of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hinde" title="Thomas Hinde">Thomas Hinde</a><br />Biography of Mary Todd Hubbard</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Belinda Bradford Hinde<small>(1809–1827)</small><br />Sarah Doughty Cavileer Neal<small>(1827–1846)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">James B. Hinde<br />John M. Hinde<br />Martha Hinde<br /><a href="/wiki/Edmund_C._Hinde" title="Edmund C. Hinde">Edmund C. Hinde</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Hinde" title="Charles T. Hinde">Charles T. Hinde</a><br />Belinda Bradford Hinde</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hinde" title="Thomas Hinde">Thomas Hinde</a>(father)<br />Mary Todd Hubbard(mother)<br /><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hinde_Zimmerman" title="Frederick Hinde Zimmerman">Frederick Hinde Zimmerman</a> (grandson)<br /><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hinde" title="Harry Hinde">Harry Hinde</a> (grandson)<br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Constable" title="Charles H. Constable">Charles H. Constable</a> (son-in-law)<br /><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zimmerman" title="Jacob Zimmerman">Jacob Zimmerman</a> (son-in-law)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_S._Hinde_Signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Thomas_S._Hinde_Signature.jpg/150px-Thomas_S._Hinde_Signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Thomas_S._Hinde_Signature.jpg/225px-Thomas_S._Hinde_Signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Thomas_S._Hinde_Signature.jpg/300px-Thomas_S._Hinde_Signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="74" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1812–1814</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">Head of Prisoners</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Spottswood Hinde</b> (April 19, 1785 – February 9, 1846) was an American newspaper editor, opponent of <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>, author, historian, real estate investor, Methodist minister and a founder of the city of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel,_Illinois" title="Mount Carmel, Illinois">Mount Carmel, Illinois</a>. Members of the Hinde family were prominent in Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, and Illinois. His sons <a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Hinde" title="Charles T. Hinde">Charles T. Hinde</a> became a shipping magnate and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_C._Hinde" title="Edmund C. Hinde">Edmund C. Hinde</a> an adventurer. He was the father-in-law of judge <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Constable" title="Charles H. Constable">Charles H. Constable</a>. </p><p>Hinde was an active businessman, pursuing real estate, construction, and publishing opportunities in Kentucky, Ohio and Illinois. In his early years, Hinde publicly opposed slavery. He also used his newspaper, <i>The Fredonian</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Chillicothe,_Ohio" title="Chillicothe, Ohio">Chillicothe, Ohio</a> between 1806 and 1808, to highlight issues about Indian treaties and the <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr#Conspiracy_and_trial" title="Aaron Burr">conspiracy of Aaron Burr</a>. He served in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. In later years he was a pioneer in the settlement of Indiana and Illinois, and the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Methodist Episcopal Church">Methodist Episcopal Church</a> in these areas. He contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Madoc" title="Madoc">Madoc</a> Tradition and was a noted historian and biographer. Hinde cofounded the Wabash Navigation Company, which engaged in real estate speculation and dam construction. The company dammed the <a href="/wiki/Wabash_River" title="Wabash River">Wabash River</a> next to Hinde's property, creating the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_Dam" title="Grand Rapids Dam">Grand Rapids Dam</a>. The dam was abandoned by the Federal government in 1931. </p><p>Hinde was an ordained Methodist minister and traveled extensively to advance the interests of the church. He was a pioneering <a href="/wiki/Circuit_rider_(religious)" title="Circuit rider (religious)">circuit rider</a> in the early 1800s in Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. Hinde wrote and published religious articles in many leading publications. <a href="/wiki/Francis_Asbury" title="Francis Asbury">Francis Asbury</a>, one of the first two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, considered Hinde important to the church. He frequently met with him and mentioned him in his journals. Historian <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Draper" title="Lyman Draper">Lyman Draper</a> spent more than twenty years collecting documents by and about the Hinde family, along with papers of other important figures of the Trans-Allegheny West. The Draper Manuscript Collection at the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Historical_Society" title="Wisconsin Historical Society">Wisconsin Historical Society</a> holds 47 volumes of Hinde's personal papers, donated by his family after his death. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas S. Hinde was born April 19, 1785, in <a href="/wiki/Hanover_County,_Virginia" title="Hanover County, Virginia">Hanover County, Virginia</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hinde" title="Thomas Hinde">Thomas Hinde</a> (1737–1828) and Mary Todd Hubbard (1734–1830), as the seventh of eight children.<sup id="cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was an English doctor who served as a physician to <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a> and General <a href="/wiki/James_Wolfe" title="James Wolfe">James Wolfe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Little is known about Hinde's early years except that the family moved from <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Kentucky" title="Newport, Kentucky">Newport, Kentucky</a>, in 1797 when his father was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Land_grant" title="Land grant">land grant</a> of 10,000 acres (40 km<sup>2</sup>) for his services in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a letter to President <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> many years later, Hinde related that while walking to school in the wilderness of Kentucky, he once successfully fought off a wolf and a panther.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindeletter_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindeletter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone" title="Daniel Boone">Daniel Boone</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kenton" title="Simon Kenton">Simon Kenton</a> were neighbors of the Hinde family while they lived in Kentucky, and the three men grew up as colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Hinde's sisters married <a href="/wiki/Richard_Southgate_(politician)" title="Richard Southgate (politician)">Richard Southgate</a>; his nephews <a href="/wiki/William_Wright_Southgate" title="William Wright Southgate">William Wright Southgate</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Taylor_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Taylor (Virginia)">William Taylor</a> became prominent lawyers and politicians. </p><p>After a conversion by his mother Mary and older sister Susannah in 1798, all of Hinde's family, including his father, converted to Christianity as Methodists. Thomas delayed a while. Shortly afterward the younger Hinde became close friends with Francis Asbury, who became a prominent bishop in the church.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinde later described the conversion of his youngest sister, Martha Harrison Hinde, in an 1827 article published in the <i>Methodist Review</i> under his <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pen name</a>, Theophilus Arminius.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinde recounted Bishop Asbury visiting his father's home in 1803 and telling Martha that she had better find God, because before he could meet her again she would be dead. The bishop's prophecy came true when Martha died in 1811 without having seen Asbury again.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinde said she had converted before her death<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and tried to convert the nonbelievers in the room while on her deathbed.<sup id="cite_ref-Arminius_1827_412_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arminius_1827_412-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He shared a letter in which his sister had tried to convert her close friends.<sup id="cite_ref-Arminius_1827_412_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arminius_1827_412-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinde named his first daughter after his late sister Martha.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindeletter1845_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindeletter1845-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinde did not immediately convert but attended Methodist <a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">camp meetings</a> of the period. During his life, he frequently wrote about the importance of the camp meeting in bringing Christianity and democracy to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggess,_pp.196-203-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1801, Hinde got a job as deputy clerk for the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Court_of_Appeals" title="Kentucky Court of Appeals">Kentucky Court of Appeals</a>. William Kavanaugh, the husband of Hinde's older sister Hannah, assigned him to Achilles Sneed of <a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a>. He received a good legal education with Sneed, who was Clerk of the Court of Appeals.<sup id="cite_ref-Redford_1870_89_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redford_1870_89-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, Hinde became acquainted with many of the state's leading men, and acquired a knowledge of the law. He also developed a reputation as one of Kentucky's most efficient businessmen. Hinde wrote to <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> that he was the first lawyer whom Hinde heard address a court. Hinde resided in a boarding house, shared with many of the leading judges and politicians of the day, where he strengthened his personal and political contacts.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Newspaper_publisher">Newspaper publisher</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Newspaper publisher"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From an early age, Hinde opposed slavery. Although their parents owned slaves, he and his siblings repudiated slavery on religious grounds. Hinde's opposition increased and eventually he and other friends became outspoken critics of the institution in Kentucky, where slavery was commonplace in the middle and western parts of the state. In the <a href="/wiki/Great_Awakening" title="Great Awakening">Great Awakening</a>, Methodists were prominent among those who opposed slavery, although they also converted slaves and welcomed them into congregations. In Kentucky Hinde joined other Methodist ministers in the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionist movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggess,_pp.196-203-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a letter to President Madison, Hinde attributed his opposition to slavery to the influence of his mother. He wrote: </p> <blockquote><p>In 1805, Messrs. Wood and Street, from Richmond, Va., found their way to Kentucky. Friendly considerations led me to patronize them. This was done through the solicitations of a young friend from Virginia. They commenced a paper, published in 1806, called the 'Western World.' Imbibing strong prejudices against slavery, perhaps from my mother's repeating, in my infancy, the nurse's songs composed by <a href="/wiki/William_Cowper" title="William Cowper">Cowper</a>, designed to make such impressions. In June 1806, to the great astonishment of my friends, I left Kentucky, with all the flattering prospects a youth could have, and hastened to Ohio. Connecting circumstances, and from hints that fell from Wood and others, a deep impression had been made on my mind, that an eventful period was fast approaching.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindeletter_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindeletter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vanderlyn_Burr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Vanderlyn_Burr.jpg/140px-Vanderlyn_Burr.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Vanderlyn_Burr.jpg/210px-Vanderlyn_Burr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Vanderlyn_Burr.jpg/280px-Vanderlyn_Burr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2206" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Aaron Burr</figcaption></figure> <p>Because of the slavery issue, in 1806 Hinde moved from Kentucky to <a href="/wiki/Chillicothe,_Ohio" title="Chillicothe, Ohio">Chillicothe</a> in the free state of Ohio. In partnership with his brother-in-law R.D. Richardson, beginning in 1806, he edited and published a newspaper titled the <i>Fredonian</i>. <a href="/wiki/Freedonia" title="Freedonia">Fredonian</a> was a sonorous name for "a citizen of the United States". In later years it was applied to an American-inspired <a href="/wiki/Fredonian_Rebellion" title="Fredonian Rebellion">rebellion</a> to separate Texas from Mexico. </p><p>From early in his career, Hinde fought the projects of <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Aaron Burr</a>. He collected and published material in <i>The Fredonian</i> related to what he said was Burr's conspiracy to overthrow the US government. Hinde sent the evidence to <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a>, a longtime friend of his family and later secretary of state, but the papers disappeared. </p><p>While working at the Kentucky Court of Appeals, Hinde had developed a close relationship with <a href="/wiki/George_Madison" title="George Madison">George Madison</a> and his nephew John Madison. In 1829 Hinde wrote to their relation, President <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a>, to provide him with information about the Burr conspiracy for a political history the president was said to be writing. Madison denied the project, but asked Hinde to send copies of <i>The Fredonian</i> to include in his presidential papers. Hinde sent newspaper issues dealing with the Burr Conspiracy. The copies of the newspaper were filed with the President's papers.<sup id="cite_ref-Boggess,_pp._196-203_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggess,_pp._196-203-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After moving to Ohio, Hinde was unanimously elected by the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives">Ohio House of Representatives</a> to the position of clerk pro tempore.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He held the position for three years before shifting to focus on his successful speculation in military lands.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriages_and_family">Marriages and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriages and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 19, 1809, with minister William Lynes officiating, Hinde at the age of 24 married Belinda Bradford, the daughter of the late James Bradford, in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Ohio" title="Hamilton County, Ohio">Hamilton County, Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father-in-law was a descendant of <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Plymouth_governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bradford (Plymouth governor)">William Bradford</a> of Plymouth Colony. He had been killed in 1791 in <a href="/wiki/St._Clair%27s_Defeat" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Clair's Defeat">St. Clair's Defeat</a>, and buried in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Recovery" title="Fort Recovery">Fort Recovery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindeletter1845_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindeletter1845-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hinde and Belinda had three children: James B., John Madison, and Martha. The second son was named after Hinde's friend John Madison, a nephew of George Madison and a relative of <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindeletter_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindeletter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The daughter Martha married <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Constable" title="Charles H. Constable">Charles H. Constable</a>, who became a prominent Illinois politician. He is notable for his decision as judge to allow four Union deserters to go free during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belinda died in 1827. </p><p>In 1828, Hinde married Sarah Neal (Daugherty) Cavileer. They had three children: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_C._Hinde" title="Edmund C. Hinde">Edmund C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Hinde" title="Charles T. Hinde">Charles T.</a> and Belinda. Edmund was a pioneer who participated in the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a>; after his death, his journals were published.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles became a business tycoon in Southern California, playing a pivotal role in its development through his shipping expertise.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belinda married <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zimmerman" title="Jacob Zimmerman">Jacob Zimmerman</a>, a successful newspaper editor and owner who in later years held a number of political offices in Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conversion_to_Methodism">Conversion to Methodism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conversion to Methodism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4867" data-file-height="3274" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> camp meeting in 1819 (Library of Congress).</figcaption></figure> <p>Hinde was involved with the newspaper for less than two years. He converted from <a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a> to <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a> and decided that operating a political journal conflicted with his new religious views. After retiring from the newspaper business, he engaged in locating military lands and in <a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">land speculation</a>. For the rest of his life, Hinde published editorials in newspapers and religious publications.<sup id="cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He organized several camp meetings with other preachers, saying that the camp meeting could unite the different Protestant denominations.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At times, Francis Asbury ventured into the wilderness to visit Hinde. An 1856 account states, </p> <blockquote><p>In 1810 Bishop Asbury visited an obscure part of the western country (Kanawha) which was then a wilderness, and pleasantly told the Rev. Thomas S. Hinde that he had visited the region so that the people might see and know their superintendent; remarking, "The shepherd ought to know the flock, and the flock the shepherd: they ought to know what man it is that governs them, and I have come nearly one hundred miles out of my way to see them." The writer exclaims, "O Asbury, the inhabitants of these hills and mountains will long make mention of thee!"<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Hinde is thought to have received his license to preach sometime around 1810. His first sermon was in Chillicothe in either 1807 or 1808, and people were so eager to hear him that they filled the church. The sermon was described as having "...no coherence in his discourse." During the sermon, Hinde repeatedly stated, "My bowels, my bowels!"<sup id="cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Circuit_rider_illustration_Eggleston.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Circuit_rider_illustration_Eggleston.png/150px-Circuit_rider_illustration_Eggleston.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Circuit_rider_illustration_Eggleston.png/225px-Circuit_rider_illustration_Eggleston.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Circuit_rider_illustration_Eggleston.png/300px-Circuit_rider_illustration_Eggleston.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="868" /></a><figcaption>Methodist circuit rider on horseback</figcaption></figure> <p>According to a 19th-century account, </p> <blockquote><p>As a preacher, he was rather eccentric. He was not very fluent and gifted as a speaker, but had the power of engaging the attention of his hearers, and was very successful and useful in a revival of religion. He entertained rather singular views on the subject of the orders in the ministry, objecting to the order of <a href="/wiki/Deacons" class="mw-redirect" title="Deacons">deacons</a>, and holding that the eldership is the only true order. In consequence of these peculiar views, he would never consent to be ordained a <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a>, and therefore never entered into orders at all.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Hinde became a <a href="/wiki/Circuit_rider_(religious)" title="Circuit rider (religious)">circuit rider</a> in the early 1800s. While his circuit varied over the years, he served large portions of Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri.<sup id="cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the territory he covered was generally lawless, violent and dangerous. Circuit riders served numerous churches and were supposed to plant new ones in new or underserved communities. They were critical to the development of the frontier. </p><p>An avid writer, Hinde wrote mostly about Methodism and church songs. He wrote a popular hymnal entitled <i>The Pilgrams' songster; or, A choice collection of spiritual songs</i>, which was said to have sold more than 10,000 copies.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rev. Thomas S. Hinde was said to be, "...exceedingly earnest, and very zealous in promoting the interests of the Church and of religion and morality. His zeal, however, was rather of the ascetic kind; and he usually took prominent part in the arraignment and trial of brethren accused of offenses." He was quoted as saying that he was,"...doing God service."<sup id="cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_affairs">Indian affairs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Indian affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg/220px-Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg/330px-Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg/440px-Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>At <a href="/wiki/Vincennes,_Indiana" title="Vincennes, Indiana">Vincennes</a> in 1810, Tecumseh loses his temper when William Henry Harrison refuses to rescind the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Wayne_(1809)" title="Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809)">Treaty of Fort Wayne</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Growing up in Kentucky in the late 1790s, Hinde learned of the danger of Indian attacks. After moving to Chillicothe, he became interested in prehistoric Indian sites. In a letter to President James Madison, he mentioned taking friends to Windship's mound (now the <a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Hopewell Culture National Historical Park">Hopewell Culture National Historical Park</a>), but focused on his opposition to slavery, saying he called </p> <blockquote><p>their attention to the surrounding scenery, my former pursuits, my friends, my country, my prospects—all these had been abandoned for the pride of opinion, against the entailment and perpetuation of slavery upon the rising generation! I remember their looks when I remarked, that after all, (pointing to the sun eclipsed,) I spoke of the gloom that overshadowed my future prospects!<sup id="cite_ref-Hindeletter_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindeletter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Hinde purchased property from William Mc'Intosh near the <a href="/wiki/Wabash_River" title="Wabash River">Wabash River</a>, an area that had been a <a href="/wiki/Piankashaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Piankashaw">Piankashaw</a> Indian campground. It contained numerous earthwork <a href="/wiki/Indian_mound" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian mound">mounds</a> built by cultures that predated the Piankashaw.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hinde met the Shawnee chief <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chillicothe,_Ohio" title="Chillicothe, Ohio">Chillicothe</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Vincennes,_Indiana" title="Vincennes, Indiana">Vincennes, Indiana</a>, during either the 1810 or the 1811 meeting between Tecumseh and <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> at <a href="/wiki/Grouseland" title="Grouseland">Grouseland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinde also met prominent <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> <a href="/wiki/Blue_Jacket" title="Blue Jacket">Blue Jacket</a> and reported on him for the local newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One source says that Hinde played a crucial role in negotiating early Indian treaties signed with the United States government, without defining his actions.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_of_1812">War of 1812</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: War of 1812"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_erie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Battle_erie.jpg/220px-Battle_erie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Battle_erie.jpg/330px-Battle_erie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Battle_erie.jpg/440px-Battle_erie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hazard_Perry" title="Oliver Hazard Perry">Oliver Hazard Perry</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Hinde served in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a> in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> under <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a>, then governor of the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Indiana Territory</a>. Both from Virginia families, the two men were close in age.<sup id="cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinde was made responsible for <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a> starting in 1813, when he was about 27 or 28 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hinde served under Captain <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hazard_Perry" title="Oliver Hazard Perry">Oliver Hazard Perry</a>, who was the commander at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Erie" title="Battle of Lake Erie">Battle of Lake Erie</a>. Captain Perry's decisive victory ensured American control of the lake, improved American morale after a series of defeats, and compelled the British to fall back from Detroit. In 1813, Hinde was placed in charge of prisoners captured at this battle.<sup id="cite_ref-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding_Mount_Carmel">Founding Mount Carmel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Founding Mount Carmel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Carmel_Market.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mount_Carmel_Market.JPG/220px-Mount_Carmel_Market.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mount_Carmel_Market.JPG/330px-Mount_Carmel_Market.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mount_Carmel_Market.JPG/440px-Mount_Carmel_Market.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Market St. in Mount Carmel, Illinois</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1800s, Hinde purchased large land holdings in what would become <a href="/wiki/Wabash_County,_Illinois" title="Wabash County, Illinois">Wabash County, Illinois</a>. In 1817, he, William McDowell and William Beauchamp collectively founded the city of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel,_Illinois" title="Mount Carmel, Illinois">Mount Carmel, Illinois</a>. All three men were ministers. They chose the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical name">Biblical name</a> "Mount Carmel", because it meant "the garden of the Lord" and was a historic city in Palestine. According to one source: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The site chosen for the town was a point on the west bank of the Wabash opposite the mouth of the White River, and twenty-four miles southwest of Vincennes. This point was selected because of the available water power and of the likelihood that main roads from east to west would pass here. The town became a railroad and manufacturing center and justified the wisdom of its founders. An elaborate circular, called the "Articles of Association for the City of Mount Carmel," was issued at Chillicothe in 1817. The purpose of the association was announced to be "to build a city on liberal and advantageous principles, and to constitute funds for the establishment of seminaries of learning and for religious purposes." The proprietors reserved for themselves one-fourth of the lots, these being called "proprietors' lots;" one-fourth were called "private donation lots." The plan of survey and sale was described as follows: "The in-lots are six poles in front, and eleven and a half in back; containing each sixty-eight perches, nearly half an acre. The most of the out-lots contain four acres and eight square poles; some of them more, (five and six acres on the back range); and a few of them less. There are 748 in-lots, and 331 out-lots --1079 in the whole.<sup id="cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggess,_pp.196-203-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Hinde donated the majority of the land for the city. Shortly after it was incorporated, he gave permission for city residents to use part of his land near the <a href="/wiki/Wabash_River" title="Wabash River">Wabash River</a> as a "<a href="/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">commons</a>" for livestock. Hinde, Beauchamp and McDowell were granted permission by the legislature to establish a ferry on Hinde's land at the river. During this time Hinde did the primary survey work for the Grand Rapids Dam on the river. According to a local history published in 1883, he was believed to reside in a house located on the "bluff" in Mount Carmel. In letters to Congress written in the 1820s, Hinde said that he resided near the Grand Rapids Dam.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote a poem about Mount Carmel and had it published in Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally, Mount Carmel was located in <a href="/wiki/Edwards_County,_Illinois" title="Edwards County, Illinois">Edwards County</a>. After a drought in 1820 killed a majority of the settlers, the county seat was moved from Palmyra, Illinois to <a href="/wiki/Albion,_Illinois" title="Albion, Illinois">Albion</a>. At that time Albion was settled primarily by English immigrants. The Americans from Mount Carmel and surrounding settlements were resentful and tried to return the county seat to Mount Carmel by force. During the bickering for the county seat location, Hinde ran for <a href="/wiki/County_commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="County commissioner">county commissioner</a> in 1821 against John Buckles, receiving only two votes against Buckles' 151. In 1822 Hinde ran for the office of Illinois House of Representatives and narrowly lost to Gilbert T. Pell. On December 24, 1824, the Illinois Legislature resolved the county seat issue by creating Wabash County from the eastern half of Edwards County.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on newspaper accounts, the lots held by Hinde did not sell quickly. More than 27 years after having developed the plans for Mount Carmel, Hinde was still advertising lots for sale there in national newspapers. In one advertisement Hinde said, "The place I offer is midway between St. Louis and Louisville and the next improvement will be the completion of the railroad connecting the two places, and a dam across the Great Wabash, at the Grand Rapids, at the junction of the White, Patoka, and Wabash, giving the greatest water power in the great West."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another source notes that Hinde and other founders "...may have been over zealous and puritanical in the construction of their laws... no theater or play-house shall ever be built within the boundary of the city; no person shall be guilty of drunkenness, profanity, sabbath-breaking, and many other offenses of greater magnitude, etc., he shall be subject to trial by the court of Mayor and on conviction, was disqualified from holding any office in the city, or the bank; was disqualified to vote; ostracism was to continue for three years after the commission of the so-called crimes."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1825, Hinde settled in Mount Carmel, leaving the Methodist circuit to focus on religious and historical writing, and business. He founded one of the first churches in the town and occasionally held Methodist gatherings at his home. On September 20, 1827, more than 27 Methodist ministers met in the upper room of his house. It was one of the largest gatherings of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Real_estate_disputes">Real estate disputes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Real estate disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his father died in 1828, Hinde inherited real estate in Kentucky.<sup id="cite_ref-HindeWill_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HindeWill-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly thereafter, he began investing in real estate in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Property titles were frequently complicated in this period due to turnover of military lands, as well as issues related to acquisition of former Native American lands. Several of his Ohio property disputes reached the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>, including <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinde_v._Vattier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hinde v. Vattier (page does not exist)">Hinde v. Vattier</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Vattier_v._Hinde_1833_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vattier_v._Hinde_1833-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mallow_v._Hinde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mallow v. Hinde (page does not exist)">Mallow v. Hinde</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Johnson_v._McIntosh"><i>Johnson v. McIntosh</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Johnson v. McIntosh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/William_M%27Intosh_(Supreme_Court_Case)" class="mw-redirect" title="William M'Intosh (Supreme Court Case)">William M'Intosh</a> was a former Revolutionary War veteran who had become a <a href="/wiki/Fur_trader" class="mw-redirect" title="Fur trader">fur trader</a> and investor in military lands along the Wabash River.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson_2005_51–55_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson_2005_51–55-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinde and M'Intosh lived on adjoining tracts of land near what would become the site of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_Dam" title="Grand Rapids Dam">Grand Rapids Dam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ushor239_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushor239-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>M'Intosh became associated with the Supreme Court Case of <i><a href="/wiki/Johnson_v._McIntosh" title="Johnson v. McIntosh">Johnson v. McIntosh</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson_2005_51–55_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson_2005_51–55-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a>, an acquaintance of Hinde and his father,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> used the case to establish the "<a href="/wiki/Discovery_Doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery Doctrine">Discovery Doctrine</a>," which ruled that the discovering people gain title over the indigenous peoples in respect to land title.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson_2012_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson_2012-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinde also knew Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Todd" title="Thomas Todd">Thomas Todd</a>, a justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals when Hinde served as the court's clerk.<sup id="cite_ref-Redford_1870_89_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redford_1870_89-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the case, in which Johnson and M'Intosh were claiming title to the same property, the Supreme Court ruled that private citizens could not purchase land from Native Americans, and therefore the plaintiff Johnson's land purchases were invalid. M'Intosh's land purchases from the Federal government were affirmed as legal.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson_2012_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson_2012-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hinde purchased a portion of M'Intosh's litigated property not long after the litigation. Correspondence between Hinde and M'Intosh discussing land sales form part of the Hinde documents at the <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Draper" title="Lyman Draper">Lyman Draper</a> Manuscripts Collection in the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Historical_Society" title="Wisconsin Historical Society">Wisconsin Historical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the favorable ruling in the case, Hinde benefited greatly because of his large land holdings in the area. After the ruling had settled ownership issues between the Indians and settlers, Hinde founded the towns of Mt. Carmel, Powhaten, and Selima in the Illinois territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggess,_pp.196-203-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinde_v._Vattier"><i>Hinde v. Vattier</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hinde v. Vattier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of Hinde's own real estate disputes was based on property he owned in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>. The dispute was between the Hinde family and Charles Vattier. Vattier was a known <a href="/wiki/Scam_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Scam artist">scam artist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Underworld" title="Underworld">underworld</a> giant in Cincinnati. One source described Vattier as owning "...a gambling empire, including <a href="/wiki/Grog" title="Grog">grog</a> shops, <a href="/wiki/Bawdy_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Bawdy house">Bawdy houses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taverns" class="mw-redirect" title="Taverns">taverns</a>." Vattier was involved in a number of other fraudulent real estate schemes with other people in Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1807 Vattier was convicted of burglary and <a href="/wiki/Larceny" title="Larceny">larceny</a> for stealing large sums of money from <a href="/wiki/James_Findlay_(Cincinnati_mayor)" title="James Findlay (Cincinnati mayor)">James Findlay</a>, Receiver of Public Monies for the District of Cincinnati.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinde knew Findlay since they were both involved in exposing the Burr conspiracy and both were prominent in Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-Vattier_v._Hinde_1833_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vattier_v._Hinde_1833-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allegedly, Vattier had tried to take title to a piece of property in Cincinnati already owned by the Hinde family. Hinde challenged Vattier in court. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> represented Hinde in the Ohio State Court proceedings. Hinde claimed that Vattier tried to use the lot to pay Findlay by claiming to have a bill of sale and title that was superior to the Hinde family. After more than fifteen years, the case reached the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> in 1833. The Court ruled that Vattier took title to the property illegally and that the property belonged to Hinde and his children. Originally owned by Hinde's father-in-law, James Bradford, after his death the property passed to Hinde's wife, Belinda (Bradford) Hinde.<sup id="cite_ref-Vattier_v._Hinde_1833_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vattier_v._Hinde_1833-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wabash_Navigation_Company">Wabash Navigation Company</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wabash Navigation Company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Rapids_Dam_1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Grand_Rapids_Dam_1906.jpg/220px-Grand_Rapids_Dam_1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Grand_Rapids_Dam_1906.jpg/330px-Grand_Rapids_Dam_1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Grand_Rapids_Dam_1906.jpg/440px-Grand_Rapids_Dam_1906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2338" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Grand Rapids Dam</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_John_Jacob_Lescher_MD_(1875).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Dr_John_Jacob_Lescher_MD_%281875%29.jpg/220px-Dr_John_Jacob_Lescher_MD_%281875%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Dr_John_Jacob_Lescher_MD_%281875%29.jpg/330px-Dr_John_Jacob_Lescher_MD_%281875%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Dr_John_Jacob_Lescher_MD_%281875%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Dr. John Jacob Lescher</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In 1825, Hinde joined the Wabash Navigation Company. Seventeen members of the company came from prominent families in Indiana and Illinois. The company had capital of more than $1 million. Hinde was one of the company's first nine directors and remained active until his death. The company charter was eventually approved by both the Illinois and Indiana legislatures. The company built a dam next to land Hinde owned.<sup id="cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggess,_pp.196-203-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a letter to Congress in 1842, Hinde stated that his goal was to connect the <a href="/wiki/Wabash_River" title="Wabash River">Wabash River</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Maumee_River" title="Maumee River">Maumee River</a> that flowed to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>. He cited in support the opinion of unnamed hunters and traders and George Washington's hope of connecting the waters of the east with the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a> rivers. Hinde also declared, "...I have seen the whole wilderness of the West subdued and savages and wild beasts or prey receding before civilization and enterprise." He said that, on the Wabash from the Grand Rapids to Terre Haute, steamboats could navigate almost all year; therefore it was essential to connect the river to the Ohio. He also suggested that an armory should be built by the U.S. Government next to the proposed dam.<sup id="cite_ref-ushor239_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushor239-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dr. John Lescher was a business partner and friend of Thomas S. Hinde. Both men invested in the Wabash Navigation Company. Lescher later joined Hinde's children in a lawsuit against the company. Not long after the death of Hinde, his son James and his son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Constable" title="Charles H. Constable">Charles H. Constable</a> joined with Lescher and sued the company for entering their land and taking timber and other materials for the construction of dam. But, the company's charter permitted them to enter the land and take construction material without the owner's consent, forcing the owner to seek legal redress. The court ordered compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A letter written by Jacob Lescher in 1841 and submitted to Congress in support of the Grand Rapids Dam project and the building of a U.S. <a href="/wiki/Armory_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armory (military)">Armory</a>, stated that he and Hinde owned more than 1,200 acres (4.9 km<sup>2</sup>) acres of land around the proposed dam site. Additional information submitted to Congress stated that the town of Powhatan was owned by Hinde and Lescher and was a "river addition" to Mount Carmel. The location of the town of Selima was not clearly stated, but was near the dam.<sup id="cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggess,_pp.196-203-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinde did the original surveying for Grand Rapids Dam.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The wooden timber dam deteriorated and needed to be replaced in the late nineteenth century. On September 19, 1890, Congress appropriated money for the construction of a new dam, to be built by the Army Corps of Engineers. The report stated that the old dam had partially washed away and that the new dam would raise the water level by 11.5 feet.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to an annual report to the Secretary of War in 1908, the mid-19th century lock and dam were "...not of a substantial character....," and "...rapidly deteriorated and became useless." The same report said that by March 31, 1881, expenditures for the dam were $317,845.44 and the government was forced to pay the Wabash Navigation Company an additional $7,000 to extinguish their franchise and purchase their property.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years_and_legacy">Later years and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Later years and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Sons of Thomas S. Hinde</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_C._Hinde_1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edmund_C._Hinde_1905.jpg/220px-Edmund_C._Hinde_1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edmund_C._Hinde_1905.jpg/330px-Edmund_C._Hinde_1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edmund_C._Hinde_1905.jpg/440px-Edmund_C._Hinde_1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_C._Hinde" title="Edmund C. Hinde">Edmund C. Hinde</a>, 4th child of Thomas S. Hinde</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Captain_Hinde_President_Taft(1912).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Captain_Hinde_President_Taft%281912%29.jpg/220px-Captain_Hinde_President_Taft%281912%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Captain_Hinde_President_Taft%281912%29.jpg/330px-Captain_Hinde_President_Taft%281912%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Captain_Hinde_President_Taft%281912%29.jpg/440px-Captain_Hinde_President_Taft%281912%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="598" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Hinde" title="Charles T. Hinde">Charles T. Hinde</a>, 5th child of Thomas S. Hinde, with President <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Hinde settled in Mount Carmel toward the end of his life. During Hinde's final years, he was an active letter writer and watched over his many business and real estate interests.<sup id="cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggess,_pp.196-203-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinde was prominent in church and Illinois society and compiled many documents and interviews. During his later years, he shared much of this information with various writers and publications.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_1842_327–329_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams_1842_327–329-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his later writings, Hinde espoused some questionable theories such as the Hollow Earth theory and the Madoc tradition. Hinde was published in the <i>Methodist Magazine</i>, the "Short Sketches of Revivals of Religion in the Western Country" (incomplete), the <i>Advocate and Journal</i> (New York) and the <i>Western Christian Advocate</i> (Cincinnati). His writings have been described as, "...abound[ing] in vague philosophical and religious reflections-- this is especially true of his diaries-- thus making them of slight value...."<sup id="cite_ref-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hinde dedicated a substantial amount of time to investigating the <a href="/wiki/Madoc" title="Madoc">Madoc</a> Tradition in North America. Madoc or <i>Madog ab Owain Gwynedd</i> was, according to folklore, a Welsh prince who sailed to America in 1170, more than 300 years before Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492. Hinde interviewed hundreds of individuals on the topic. In 1824, Hinde wrote a letter to John S. Williams, editor of <i>The American Pioneer</i> regarding the Madoc Tradition. He claimed to have testimony from numerous sources that said Welsh people under Owen Ap Zuinch had come to America in the twelfth century, over 300 years before <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>. Hinde claimed that in 1799, the remains of six soldiers had been dug up near <a href="/wiki/Jeffersonville,_Indiana" title="Jeffersonville, Indiana">Jeffersonville, Indiana</a> with <a href="/wiki/Breastplates" class="mw-redirect" title="Breastplates">breastplates</a> containing Welsh <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coats of arms</a>. In 1799, <a href="/wiki/John_Sevier" title="John Sevier">John Sevier</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Tennessee">governor</a> of Tennessee, also wrote of the alleged discovery of six skeletons in brass armor bearing Welsh coat-of-arms. Hinde claimed that <a href="/wiki/William_M%27Intosh_(Supreme_Court_Case)" class="mw-redirect" title="William M'Intosh (Supreme Court Case)">M'Intosh</a> recounted that <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">American Indians</a> and Welshmen living on the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> were conversing in Welsh in the late 1700s.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_1842_327–329_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams_1842_327–329-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In an 1842 letter, Hinde stated, "I have just returned from the East, having visited the Atlantic cities generally for the first time, after forty-five years pioneering in the wilderness of the West. I have been three time a citizen of Kentucky, twice of Ohio, and twice of Illinois." After returning from the visit, Hinde claimed that eastern ministers were unsuccessful because they underrated the people of the West. He said, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> "If we expect to find on crossing the mountains a people either illiterate or ignorant as a body, we will assuredly, in many instances be disappointed. It too often happens, that one puffed up with self-importance, and possesses a conceited and heated imagination, will form wild conjectures as to men and things. We have been amused at the bewildered minds of such, with the 'whys' and 'wherefores'; and one of the most ridiculous whims of some, is to endeavor to press every thing into their own mould; and shape it, be it what it may, if possible, after their own manner, custom, or operation, forgetting that 'we have to take the world as it is, and not as we would have it to be.'"<sup id="cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggess,_pp.196-203-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A large collection of Hinde's diaries are held among the <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Draper" title="Lyman Draper">Lyman Draper</a> Manuscripts in the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Historical_Society" title="Wisconsin Historical Society">Wisconsin Historical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his diaries Hinde stated that he supported the <a href="/wiki/Hollow_Earth" title="Hollow Earth">Hollow Earth</a> theory.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout his life Hinde maintained correspondence with many of the prominent men of the day. His correspondents included James Madison, George Madison, Thomas Jefferson, Henry Clay, Simon Kenton, Daniel Boone, and John Marshall.<sup id="cite_ref-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hinde was sick for a few days before dying from "winter fever."<sup id="cite_ref-Redford_1870_89_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redford_1870_89-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinde is buried in Sandhill Cemetery in Mount Carmel next to his daughter Belinda and his second wife, Sarah Doughty Cavileer Neal. The <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a> fence surrounding their graves was paid for by his son Charles in the early 1900s.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since he died at a relatively early age and his wife died shortly after him, his orphaned children were forced to live with other relatives or fend for themselves. Martha married Judge <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Constable" title="Charles H. Constable">Charles H. Constable</a>; together they looked after many of her younger siblings until they married or found work. Her brother Charles Hinde became a successful businessman and riverboat captain. One of Captain Hinde's accomplishments was investing in the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_del_Coronado" title="Hotel del Coronado">Hotel del Coronado</a> in San Diego, California. Hinde's grandson, Frederick Zimmerman, built the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_Hotel" title="Grand Rapids Hotel">Grand Rapids Hotel</a> on the Hinde family farm in Mount Carmel near the Grand Rapids Dam and <a href="/wiki/Hanging_Rock_(Wabash_River)" title="Hanging Rock (Wabash River)">Hanging Rock</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladies'_repository,_pp._458-459_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMethodist_Episcopal_Church._General_Conference1852">Methodist Episcopal Church. General Conference 1852</a>, pp. 458–459</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDrake1829">Drake 1829</a>, pp. 625–634</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford1884">Redford 1884</a>, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hindeletter-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hindeletter_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hindeletter_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hindeletter_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hindeletter_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">*<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHinde" class="citation web cs1">Hinde, Thomas S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/founders/default.xqy?keys=FOEA-chron-1820-1829-08-27-2">"Hinde to James Madison, 27 Aug. 1829"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hinde+to+James+Madison%2C+27+Aug.+1829&rft.aulast=Hinde&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frotunda.upress.virginia.edu%2Ffounders%2Fdefault.xqy%3Fkeys%3DFOEA-chron-1820-1829-08-27-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+S.+Hinde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHartley1902">Hartley 1902</a>, p. 309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1882">Williams 1882</a>, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColes1857">Coles 1857</a>, pp. 157–159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArminius1827">Arminius 1827</a>, pp. 410</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArminius1827">Arminius 1827</a>, pp. 410–411</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArminius1827">Arminius 1827</a>, pp. 411</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arminius_1827_412-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arminius_1827_412_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arminius_1827_412_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArminius1827">Arminius 1827</a>, pp. 412</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hindeletter1845-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hindeletter1845_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hindeletter1845_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHinde" class="citation web cs1">Hinde, Thomas S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beta.worldcat.org/archivegrid/record.php?id=42429437">"Reminiscences of Thomas S. Hinde [microform], 1845 Apr. 1"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reminiscences+of+Thomas+S.+Hinde+%5Bmicroform%5D%2C+1845+Apr.+1.&rft.aulast=Hinde&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeta.worldcat.org%2Farchivegrid%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D42429437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+S.+Hinde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boggess,_pp.196-203-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boggess,_pp.196-203_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoggess1908">Boggess 1908</a>, pp. 196–203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Redford_1870_89-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Redford_1870_89_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redford_1870_89_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redford_1870_89_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford1870">Redford 1870</a>, p. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHay1991">Hay 1991</a>, pp. 234–235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boggess,_pp._196-203-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boggess,_pp._196-203_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boggess, pp. 196–203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOhio._General_Assembly._Senate1808">Ohio. General Assembly. Senate 1808</a>, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford1870">Redford 1870</a>, pp. 86–87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pioneer Marriage Records, Hamilton County, Ohio: 1791–1820, Copied by John Day Caldwell, Secretary of the Cincinnati Pioneer Association, before the Cincinnati Courthouse fire in 1884</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTowne2006">Towne 2006</a>, pp. 53–62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinde1850–1909">Hinde 1850–1909</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmythe1913">Smythe 1913</a>, pp. 18–22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRisley1911">Risley 1911</a>, pp. 827–828</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2010">Williams 2010</a>, pp. 110–114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWakeley1856">Wakeley 1856</a>, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford1870">Redford 1870</a>, p. 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinde1828">Hinde 1828</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRisley1911">Risley 1911</a>, pp. 675</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSugden1999">Sugden 1999</a>, pp. 412–416</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSugden2000">Sugden 2000</a>, p. 311</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaines1892">Haines 1892</a>, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreene2007">Greene 2007</a>, pp. 10–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wisconsin_Historical_Society_pp._31-33_33-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFState_Historical_Society_of_Wisconsin._Library1906">State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Library 1906</a>, pp. 31–33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarper1983">Harper 1983</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"1883 History of Edwards, Lawrence and Wabash Counties, Illinois"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinde1818">Hinde 1818</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWood1992">Wood 1992</a>, pp. 143–160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinde1845">Hinde 1845</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarvey1918">Harvey 1918</a>, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeaton1883">Leaton 1883</a>, pp. 157–164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HindeWill-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HindeWill_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHinde" class="citation web cs1">Hinde, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kycampbe/hindewill.htm">"Dr. Thomas Hinde Will, 25 November 1828"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr.+Thomas+Hinde+Will%2C+25+November+1828&rft.aulast=Hinde&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rootsweb.ancestry.com%2F~kycampbe%2Fhindewill.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+S.+Hinde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vattier_v._Hinde_1833-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vattier_v._Hinde_1833_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vattier_v._Hinde_1833_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vattier_v._Hinde_1833_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vattier v. Hinde, 32 U.S. 252 (1833).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mallow v. Hinde, 25 U.S. 193 (1827).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robertson_2005_51–55-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robertson_2005_51–55_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robertson_2005_51–55_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobertson2005">Robertson 2005</a>, pp. 51–55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ushor239-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ushor239_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushor239_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_House_of_Representatives1869">United States House of Representatives 1869</a>, pp. 239–249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2002">Marshall 2002</a>, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Watson_2012-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watson_2012_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson_2012_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatson2012">Watson 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWade1996">Wade 1996</a>, pp. 122–124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1880">Thompson 1880</a>, p. 347</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeiser1955">Heiser 1955</a>, pp. 88–92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hinde et al. v. The Wabash Navigation Co.</i>, November term 1853</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNolan2011">Nolan 2011</a>, pp. 1–20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers1891">United States Army Corps of Engineers 1891</a>, p. 2405</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_War_Department1908">United States War Department 1908</a>, pp. 618–619</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_1842_327–329-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_1842_327–329_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_1842_327–329_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1842">Williams 1842</a>, pp. 327–329</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDougherty1998">Dougherty 1998</a>, p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnsigned1915">Unsigned 1915</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Combined history of Edwards, Lawrence and Wabash counties, Illinois. 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Indiana University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poe+and+the+sacred+nation%3A+race%2C+imperialism+and+enlightenment+in+antebellum+America&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+S.+Hinde" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDrake1829" class="citation book cs1">Drake, Daniel (1829). <i>The Western journal of the medical and physical sciences, Volume 2</i>. 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University of Oklahoma Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buying+America+From+the+Indians%3A+%22Johnson+v.+McIntosh%22+and+the+History+of+Native+Land+Rights&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Blake+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+S.+Hinde" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1842" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, J. S. (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h4AbAQAAMAAJ">"The American pioneer:a monthly periodical, devoted to the objects of the Logan Historical Society; or, to collecting and publishing sketches relative to the early settlement and successive improvement of the country"</a>. <b>1</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+American+pioneer%3Aa+monthly+periodical%2C+devoted+to+the+objects+of+the+Logan+Historical+Society%3B+or%2C+to+collecting+and+publishing+sketches+relative+to+the+early+settlement+and+successive+improvement+of+the+country&rft.volume=1&rft.date=1842&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh4AbAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+S.+Hinde" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2010" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Jeffrey (2010). <i>Religion and Violence in Early American Methodism: Taking the Kingdom by Force</i>. Indiana University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Violence+in+Early+American+Methodism%3A+Taking+the+Kingdom+by+Force&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+S.+Hinde" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1882" class="citation book cs1">Williams, L. A. (1882). <i>History of the Ohio Falls Cities and Their Counties: General history. History of Jefferson County, Ky. The history of Louisville</i>. L. A. Williams & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Ohio+Falls+Cities+and+Their+Counties%3A+General+history.+History+of+Jefferson+County%2C+Ky.+The+history+of+Louisville&rft.pub=L.+A.+Williams+%26+Co.&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=L.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+S.+Hinde" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFState_Historical_Society_of_Wisconsin._Library1906" class="citation book cs1">State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Library (1906). <i>Descriptive list of manuscript collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin:together with reports on other collections of manuscript material for American history in adjacent states</i>. The Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Descriptive+list+of+manuscript+collections+of+the+State+Historical+Society+of+Wisconsin%3Atogether+with+reports+on+other+collections+of+manuscript+material+for+American+history+in+adjacent+states&rft.pub=The+Society&rft.date=1906&rft.au=State+Historical+Society+of+Wisconsin.+Library&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+S.+Hinde" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWood1992" class="citation journal cs1">Wood, Thomas J. (Autumn 1992). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Blood in the moon"The War for the Seat of Edwards County, 1821–1824". <i>Illinois Historical Journal</i>. <b>85</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">143–</span>160.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Illinois+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=%22Blood+in+the+moon%22The+War+for+the+Seat+of+Edwards+County%2C+1821%E2%80%931824&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E160&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+S.+Hinde" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402212955/http://cityofmtcarmel.com/">City of Mount Carmel Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100517221725/http://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/US/32/32.US.252.html">32 U.S. 252</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/73516791">Thomas S. 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href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Early_civilizations" title="History of Indiana">Early history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">Beaver Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#European_contact" title="History of Indiana">European contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Salle_Expeditions" class="mw-redirect" title="La Salle Expeditions">La Salle Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#France" title="History of Indiana">French Rule</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/100px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/150px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/200px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Indiana_Counties.jpg/100px-Indiana_Counties.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Indiana_Counties.jpg/150px-Indiana_Counties.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Indiana_Counties.jpg/200px-Indiana_Counties.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4579" data-file-height="6401" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="725" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Colonial_period" title="History of Indiana">1700–1799</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincennes,_Indiana#History" title="Vincennes, Indiana">Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Miami_(Indiana)" title="Fort Miami (Indiana)">Fort Miamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouiatenon" title="Ouiatenon">Ouiatenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#France" title="History of Indiana">French and Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Great_Britain" title="History of Indiana">British Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac%27s_War" title="Pontiac's War">Pontiac's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indiana_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Category:Indiana in the American Revolution">American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">George Rogers Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_campaign" title="Illinois campaign">Illinois campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark%27s_Grant" title="Clark's Grant">Clark's Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabash_Confederacy" title="Wabash Confederacy">Wabash Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Indian_War" title="Northwest Indian War">Northwest Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Fort" title="Petit Fort">Petit Fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Indiana_Territory" title="History of Indiana">1800–1816</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Indiana Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Trace_(road)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo Trace (road)">Buffalo Trace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Vincennes" title="Treaty of Vincennes">Treaty of Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Appleseed" title="Johnny Appleseed">Johnny Appleseed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Grouseland" title="Treaty of Grouseland">Treaty of Grouseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Rangers" title="Indiana Rangers">Indiana Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Battle of Tippecanoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Indiana in the War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Indiana#Indiana_Territory" title="History of slavery in Indiana">Abolitionist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Harmony,_Indiana#History" title="New Harmony, Indiana">Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Canal_Company" title="Indiana Canal Company">1st Indiana Canal Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiana#Constitutional_Convention" title="Constitution of Indiana">Constitutional Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Statehood" title="History of Indiana">1817–1899</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Statehood" title="History of Indiana">Statehood</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polly_v._Lasselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Polly v. Lasselle">Polly v. Lasselle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bateman_Clark#Court_cases" title="Mary Bateman Clark">Mary Clark v. G.W. Johnston</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_St._Mary%27s_(1818)" title="Treaty of St. Mary's (1818)">Treaty of St. Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_removals_in_Indiana" title="Indian removals in Indiana">Indian Removals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_Creek_massacre" title="Fall Creek massacre">Fall Creek massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Indiana" title="Bank of Indiana">Bank of Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Canal_Company" title="Indiana Canal Company">2nd Indiana Canal Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_Canal" title="Whitewater Canal">Whitewater Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabash_and_Erie_Canal" title="Wabash and Erie Canal">Wabash and Erie Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Mammoth_Internal_Improvement_Act" title="Indiana Mammoth Internal Improvement Act">Public Works and Bankruptcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad_in_Indiana" title="Underground Railroad in Indiana">Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indiana_in_the_Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Category:Indiana in the Mexican–American War">Mexican-American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiana#Constitution_of_1851" title="Constitution of Indiana">New Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indiana in the American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Post-Civil_War_era" title="History of Indiana">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Lilly_and_Company#History" title="Eli Lilly and Company">Eli Lilly & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno_Gang" title="Reno Gang">Reno Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_gas_boom" title="Indiana gas boom">Gas boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Day_of_the_Indiana_General_Assembly" title="Black Day of the Indiana General Assembly">Black Day of the General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_pi_bill" title="Indiana pi bill">Indiana pi bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Indiana_Literature" title="Golden Age of Indiana Literature">Golden Age of Literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Twentieth_century" title="History of Indiana">1900–1999</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_White_Caps" title="Indiana White Caps">White Caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elwood_Haynes" title="Elwood Haynes">Elwood Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway#History" title="Indianapolis Motor Speedway">Indianapolis Motor Speedway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#World_War_I" title="History of Indiana">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_streetcar_strike_of_1913" title="Indianapolis streetcar strike of 1913">Indianapolis strike and riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Woodfill" title="Samuel Woodfill">Samuel Woodfill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Klan" title="Indiana Klan">Indiana Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Twenties_and_the_Great_Depression" title="History of Indiana">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dillinger" title="John Dillinger">John Dillinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#World_War_II" title="History of Indiana">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Field_mutiny" title="Freeman Field mutiny">Freeman Field mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Shipp_and_Abram_Smith" title="Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith">Shipp & Smith lynchings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_River_flood_of_1937" title="Ohio River flood of 1937">Flood of 1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Indiana_State_Fairgrounds_Coliseum_gas_explosion" title="1963 Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum gas explosion">1963 Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum gas explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiana#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Indiana">Supreme Court Reorganization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Modern_Indiana" title="History of Indiana">Since 2000</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_2008_Midwest_floods" title="June 2008 Midwest floods">Flood of 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Fair_stage_collapse" title="Indiana State Fair stage collapse">Indiana State Fair stage collapse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Indiana" title="Category:History of Indiana">By topic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway#History" title="Indianapolis Motor Speedway">Auto racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_fought_in_Indiana" title="List of battles fought in Indiana">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Disasters_in_Indiana" title="Category:Disasters in Indiana">Disasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Indiana#History" title="Economy of Indiana">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indiana" title="Elections in Indiana">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_ghostlore" title="Indiana ghostlore">Ghostlore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_General_Assembly#History" title="Indiana General Assembly">General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Indiana" title="List of governors of Indiana">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_sites_in_Indiana" title="Category:Historic sites in Indiana">Historic sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Indiana" title="Category:People from Indiana">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Indiana" title="Political party strength in Indiana">Historical political strength</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_Americans_in_Indiana" title="Category:Native Americans in Indiana">Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Indiana" title="History of slavery in Indiana">Slavery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Indiana">By city and locale</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evansville,_Indiana#History" title="Evansville, Indiana">Evansville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana#History" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary,_Indiana#History" title="Gary, Indiana">Gary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hartford_City,_Indiana" title="History of Hartford City, Indiana">Hartford City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indianapolis" title="History of Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Indiana#History" title="Lafayette, Indiana">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lake_Wawasee" title="History of Lake Wawasee">Lake Wawasee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana#History" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indiana#History" title="Terre Haute, Indiana">Terre Haute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#History" title="Midwestern United States">History of the Midwestern United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portal:Indiana" title="Portal:Indiana">Portal:Indiana</a></i><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Indiana/History" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Indiana/History">WikiProject Indiana's History Department</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_of_18123258" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_of_1812" title="Template:War of 1812"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_of_1812" title="Template talk:War of 1812"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_of_1812" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War of 1812"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_of_18123258" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Origins</li><li>Theaters</li><li>Campaigns</li><li>Battles</li><li>Involvement</li><li>Leaders</li><li>Aftermath</li><li>Related topics</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Origins of the War of 1812">Origins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake%E2%80%93Leopard_affair" title="Chesapeake–Leopard affair"><i>Chesapeake</i>–<i>Leopard</i> affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_in_Council_(1807)" title="Orders in Council (1807)">Orders in Council (1807)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embargo_Act_of_1807" title="Embargo Act of 1807">Embargo Act of 1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Intercourse_Act_(1809)" title="Non-Intercourse Act (1809)">Non-Intercourse Act (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macon%27s_Bill_Number_2" title="Macon's Bill Number 2">Macon's Bill Number 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_letters" title="Henry letters">Henry letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_hawk" title="War hawk">War hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_1756" title="Rule of 1756">Rule of 1756</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe%E2%80%93Pinkney_Treaty" title="Monroe–Pinkney Treaty">Monroe–Pinkney Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Belt_affair" title="Little Belt affair"><i>Little Belt</i> affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Spencer_Perceval" title="Assassination of Spencer Perceval">Assassination of Spencer Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_the_United_Kingdom" title="United States declaration of war on the United Kingdom">Declaration of war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Theaters and<br /><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812_campaigns" title="War of 1812 campaigns">campaigns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Western theater of the War of 1812">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_campaign" title="Chesapeake campaign">Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812#Gulf_Coast" title="War of 1812">Gulf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_War_of_1812_battles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of War of 1812 battles">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Queenston_Heights" title="Battle of Queenston Heights">Queenston Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wild_Cat_Creek" title="Battle of Wild Cat Creek">Spur's Defeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frenchtown" title="Battle of Frenchtown">Frenchtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bladensburg" title="Battle of Bladensburg">Beaver Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Thames" title="Battle of the Thames">Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chateauguay" title="Battle of the Chateauguay">Chateauguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crysler%27s_Farm" title="Battle of Crysler's Farm">Crysler's Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chippawa" title="Battle of Chippawa">Chippawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane" title="Battle of Lundy's Lane">Lundy's Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bladensburg" title="Battle of Bladensburg">Bladensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baltimore" title="Battle of Baltimore">McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans" title="Battle of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Involvement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Illinois Territory in the War of 1812">Illinois Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Indiana in the War of 1812">Indiana Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Kentucky in the War of 1812">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_War_of_1812" title="North Carolina in the War of 1812">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Ohio in the War of 1812">Ohio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Brock" title="Isaac Brock">Isaac Brock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Pakenham" title="Edward Pakenham">Edward Pakenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ross_(British_Army_officer)" title="Robert Ross (British Army officer)">Robert Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Lord Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Results of the War of 1812">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Eighth_(United_States)" title="The Eighth (United States)">The Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Secord_Legacy_Trail" title="Laura Secord Legacy Trail">Laura Secord Legacy Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Society_of_the_War_of_1812" title="General Society of the War of 1812">General Society of the War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veteran_Corps_of_Artillery" title="Veteran Corps of Artillery">Military Society of the War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Society_of_United_States_Daughters_of_1812" title="National Society of United States Daughters of 1812">United States Daughters of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_War_of_1812_Bicentennial" title="List of War of 1812 Bicentennial">War of 1812 Bicentennial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Bibliography of the War of 1812">Bibliography</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bold_Canadian" title="The Bold Canadian">The Bold Canadian</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_War" title="Creek War">Creek War</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Hunters_of_Kentucky" title="The Hunters of Kentucky">The Hunters of Kentucky</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_of_1812_in_Britain" title="Opposition to the War of 1812 in Britain">Opposition in Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_of_1812_in_the_United_States" title="Opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States">Opposition in the United States</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Timeline of the War of 1812">Timeline of the War of 1812</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:War_of_1812" title="Category:War of 1812">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:War_of_1812" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:War of 1812"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Methodism229" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Methodism_footer" title="Template:Methodism footer"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Methodism_footer" title="Template talk:Methodism footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Methodism_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Methodism footer"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Methodism229" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Methodist_denominations" title="List of Methodist denominations">List of denominations</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methodism#Origins" title="Methodism">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Methodism_in_the_United_States" title="History of Methodism in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">Nonconformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_theology" title="Wesleyan theology">Wesleyan theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist_doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist doctrine">Doctrine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F8E0E0; color:black;">Doctrinal<br /> standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed#Christianity" title="Creed">Creeds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Religion_(Methodist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Articles of Religion (Methodist)">Articles of Religion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sermons_on_Several_Occasions" class="mw-redirect" title="Sermons on Several Occasions">Sermons on Several Occasions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_Notes_Upon_the_New_Testament" title="Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament">Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F8E0E0; color:black;">Distinctive beliefs<br /> and practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assurance_(theology)#John_Wesley_and_Methodism" title="Assurance (theology)">Assurance of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_preservation_of_the_saints" title="Conditional preservation of the saints">Conditional preservation of the saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers" title="Priesthood of all believers">Priesthood of all believers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Quadrilateral" title="Wesleyan Quadrilateral">Four sources of theological authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_theology" title="Covenant theology">Covenant theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substitutionary_atonement" title="Substitutionary atonement">Substitutionary atonement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imparted_righteousness" title="Imparted righteousness">Imparted righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments#Methodist" title="Ten Commandments">Moral law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">New birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_will_in_theology#Classical_Arminianism_and_Wesleyan_Arminianism" title="Free will in theology">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outward_holiness" title="Outward holiness">Outward holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevenient_grace" title="Prevenient grace">Prevenient grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist#Methodist" title="Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist">Real presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity#Methodism" title="Sanctification in Christianity">Sanctification (growth in grace)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_in_Methodism" title="Saints in Methodism">Sainthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Sabbatarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Sabbatarianism">Sunday Sabbatarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_perfection" title="Christian perfection">Christian perfection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_work_of_grace" title="Second work of grace">Second work of grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_with_the_Holy_Spirit#Entire_sanctification" title="Baptism with the Holy Spirit">Baptism with the Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin#Methodist_views" title="Christian views on sin">Views on sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_of_piety" title="Works of piety">Works of piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_of_mercy" title="Works of mercy">Works of mercy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist worship">Worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Service_of_the_Methodists" title="The Sunday Service of the Methodists">The Sunday Service of the Methodists</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Renewal_Service" title="Covenant Renewal Service">Covenant Renewal Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_meeting" title="Revival meeting">Revival service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mourner%27s_bench" title="Mourner's bench">Mourner's bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_call" title="Altar call">Altar call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">Camp meeting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle_(Methodist)" title="Tabernacle (Methodist)">Tabernacle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_revival" title="Tent revival">Tent revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_arbour_revival" title="Brush arbour revival">Brush arbour revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revivalist_(person)" title="Revivalist (person)">Revivalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Lovefeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_(meeting)" title="Singing (meeting)">Singings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchnight_service" title="Watchnight service">Watchnight service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Methodists" title="List of Methodists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Allen_(bishop)" title="Richard Allen (bishop)">Richard Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Asbury" title="Francis Asbury">Francis Asbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coke_(bishop)" title="Thomas Coke (bishop)">Thomas Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Fletcher" title="John William Fletcher">John William Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Williams_Pantycelyn" title="William Williams Pantycelyn">William Williams Pantycelyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Scott" title="Orange Scott">Orange Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._T._Roberts" title="B. T. Roberts">Benjamin Titus Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Ashbel_Sellew" title="Walter Ashbel Sellew">Walter Sellew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Harris" title="Howell Harris">Howell Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Outler" title="Albert Outler">Albert C. Outler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Varick" title="James Varick">James Varick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wesley" title="Charles Wesley">Charles Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield" title="George Whitefield">George Whitefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selina_Hastings,_Countess_of_Huntingdon" title="Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon">Countess of Huntingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_Palmer" title="Phoebe Palmer">Phoebe Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Watson_(Methodist)" title="Richard Watson (Methodist)">Richard Watson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Methodist_bishops" title="Category:Methodist bishops">Bishops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Methodist_theologians" title="List of Methodist theologians">Theologians</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%">Related <br />movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church_of_the_British_Province" title="Moravian Church of the British Province">Moravian Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fetter_Lane_Society" title="Fetter Lane Society">Fetter Lane Society</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_holiness_movement" title="Conservative holiness movement">Conservative holiness movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_perfection#Holiness_Pentecostalism" title="Christian perfection">Holiness Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connexionalism" title="Connexionalism">Connexionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Conference_(Methodism)" title="General Conference (Methodism)">General Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist Circuit">Methodist Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_charge" title="Pastoral charge">Pastoral charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Class meeting">Class meeting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_band" title="Penitent band">Penitent band</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%">Other relevant <br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Methodist_Council" title="World Methodist Council">World Methodist Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_in_Methodism" title="Saints in Methodism">Saints in Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_alcohol#Methodism" title="Christian views on alcohol">Methodist views on alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_local_preacher" title="Methodist local preacher">Methodist local preacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itinerant_preacher" title="Itinerant preacher">Itinerant preacher</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_rider_(religious)" title="Circuit rider (religious)">Circuit rider</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steward_(Methodism)" title="Steward (Methodism)">Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Methodism" title="Homosexuality and Methodism">Homosexuality and Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women_in_Methodism" title="Ordination of women in Methodism">Ordination of women in Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_Methodism" title="Bishops in Methodism">Bishops in Methodism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_folklore237" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_folklore" title="Template:American folklore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_folklore" title="Template talk:American folklore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_folklore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American folklore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_folklore237" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">American folklore</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_storytelling" title="Alaska Native storytelling">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_narratives_of_Indigenous_Californians" title="Traditional narratives of Indigenous Californians">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelawala" title="Lelawala">Lelawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salishan_oral_narratives" title="Salishan oral narratives">Salishan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folk heroes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Appleseed" title="Johnny Appleseed">Johnny Appleseed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfego_Baca" title="Elfego Baca">Elfego Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone" title="Daniel Boone">Daniel Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%27er_Rabbit" title="Br'er Rabbit">Br'er Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bridger" title="Jim Bridger">Jim Bridger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bunyan" title="Paul Bunyan">Paul Bunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett" title="Davy Crockett">Davy Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Fink" title="Mike Fink">Mike Fink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geronimo" title="Geronimo">Geronimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_(folklore)" title="John Henry (folklore)">John Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamity_Jane" title="Calamity Jane">Calamity Jane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Jones" title="Casey Jones">Casey Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Pitcher" title="Molly Pitcher">Molly Pitcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ola_V%C3%A4rml%C3%A4nning" title="Ola Värmlänning">Ola Värmlänning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Idiomatic figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Average_Joe" title="Average Joe">Average Joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooter_Brown" title="Cooter Brown">Cooter Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Robinson_(mythical_person)" title="Jack Robinson (mythical person)">Jack Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hide" title="Sam Hide">Sam Hide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fearsome_critters" title="Fearsome critters">Fearsome critters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agropelter" title="Agropelter">Agropelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axehandle_hound" title="Axehandle hound">Axehandle hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball-tailed_cat" title="Ball-tailed cat">Ball-tailed cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belled_buzzard" title="Belled buzzard">Belled buzzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactus_cat" title="Cactus cat">Cactus cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(folklore)" title="Champ (folklore)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungavenhooter" title="Dungavenhooter">Dungavenhooter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur-bearing_trout" title="Fur-bearing trout">Fur-bearing trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillygaloo" title="Gillygaloo">Gillygaloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glawackus" title="Glawackus">Glawackus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goofus_bird" title="Goofus bird">Goofus bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumberoo" title="Gumberoo">Gumberoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidebehind" title="Hidebehind">Hidebehind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodag" title="Hodag">Hodag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoop_snake" title="Hoop snake">Hoop snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugag" title="Hugag">Hugag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackalope" title="Jackalope">Jackalope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Devil" title="Jersey Devil">Jersey Devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_snake" title="Joint snake">Joint snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidehill_gouger" title="Sidehill gouger">Sidehill gouger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snallygaster" title="Snallygaster">Snallygaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snipe_hunt" title="Snipe hunt">Snipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_snake_(folklore)" title="Snow snake (folklore)">Snow snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splintercat" title="Splintercat">Splintercat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squonk" title="Squonk">Squonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teakettler" title="Teakettler">Teakettler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wampus_cat" title="Wampus cat">Wampus cat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ghosts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Witch" title="Bell Witch">Bell Witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Ghosts of the American Civil War">Ghosts of the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_ghost" title="Lincoln's ghost">Lincoln's ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Llorona" title="La Llorona">La Llorona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ghost_(folklore)" title="Red Ghost (folklore)">Red Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lady#United_States" title="White Lady">White Lady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legends</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Lake_Monster" title="Bear Lake Monster">Bear Lake Monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Irish_(folklore)" title="Black Irish (folklore)">Black Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodstopping" title="Bloodstopping">Bloodstopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campfire_story" title="Campfire story">Campfire story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_gold" title="Confederate gold">Confederate gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Youth" title="Fountain of Youth">Fountain of Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatman_(urban_legend)" title="Goatman (urban legend)">Goatman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake_whale_hoax" title="Great Salt Lake whale hoax">Great Salt Lake whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Dutchman%27s_Gold_Mine" title="Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine">Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Ship_of_the_Desert" title="Lost Ship of the Desert">Lost Ship of the Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madstone_(folklore)" title="Madstone (folklore)">Madstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Brown_vampire_incident" title="Mercy Brown vampire incident">Mercy Brown vampire incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothman" title="Mothman">Mothman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_Monster" title="North Shore Monster">North Shore Monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Cities_of_Gold" title="Seven Cities of Gold">Seven Cities of Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailypo" title="Tailypo">Tailypo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Westerns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">Cowboys</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vaquero" title="Vaquero">Vaqueros</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_folktales" title="African-American folktales">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Africans" title="Flying Africans">Flying Africans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah_Jack" title="Gullah Jack">Gullah Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Remus" title="Uncle Remus">Uncle Remus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania Dutch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur_(folk_art)" title="Fraktur (folk art)">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hex_sign" title="Hex sign">Hex sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pow-wow_(folk_magic)" title="Pow-wow (folk magic)">Pow-wow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary folk heroes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bulltop_Stormalong" title="Alfred Bulltop Stormalong">Alfred Bulltop Stormalong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Christmas" title="Annie Christmas">Annie Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Jonathan" title="Brother Jonathan">Brother Jonathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_at_the_Bat" title="Casey at the Bat">Casey at the Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordwood_Pete" class="mw-redirect" title="Cordwood Pete">Cordwood Pete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeline" title="Evangeline">Evangeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febold_Feboldson" title="Febold Feboldson">Febold Feboldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichabod_Crane" title="Ichabod Crane">Ichabod Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Magarac" title="Joe Magarac">Joe Magarac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Kaw" title="Johnny Kaw">Johnny Kaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemp_Morgan" title="Kemp Morgan">Kemp Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mose_Humphrey" title="Mose Humphrey">Mose Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole_Pete" title="Ole Pete">Ole Pete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_Bill" title="Pecos Bill">Pecos Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle">Rip Van Winkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Beaver" title="Tony Beaver">Tony Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windwagon_Smith" title="Windwagon Smith">Windwagon Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Folk_art_of_the_United_States" title="Folk art of the United States">Folk art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_folk_art" title="Appalachian folk art">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ledger_art" title="Ledger art">Ledger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Position Created</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Clerk of the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives">Ohio House of Representatives</a> </b><br />1806–1809 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Unknown</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7793727#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata959" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7793727#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata959" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7793727#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000049901337">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/68790498">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1503253/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcGkKcmqJGbtXwpdkMF8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr92003068">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1523854">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bg3840">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&oldid=1256351076">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_S._Hinde&oldid=1256351076</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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