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</li> <li id="toc-Colonial_and_Revolutionary_eras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_and_Revolutionary_eras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Colonial and Revolutionary eras </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_and_Revolutionary_eras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northwest_Territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northwest_Territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Northwest Territory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northwest_Territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rufus_Putnam,_the_"Father_of_Ohio"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rufus_Putnam,_the_"Father_of_Ohio""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Rufus Putnam, the "Father of Ohio" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rufus_Putnam,_the_"Father_of_Ohio"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statehood_and_early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statehood_and_early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Statehood and early years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statehood_and_early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_War_and_industrialization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War_and_industrialization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Civil War and industrialization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War_and_industrialization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Earthquakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earthquakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Earthquakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earthquakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birth_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Birth data </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Ancestry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Art </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Professional_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 Professional sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Individual_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individual_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.2 Individual sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individual_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-College_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#College_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.3 College sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-College_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 State government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Local government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Mother_of_presidents"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Mother_of_presidents""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 "Mother of presidents" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Mother_of_presidents"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_voter_suppression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_voter_suppression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Allegations of voter suppression </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_voter_suppression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Libraries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Roads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trails" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trails"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Trails </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trails-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Transit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Air travel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waterways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Waterways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ohio</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 197 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-197" aria-hidden="true" > 197 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%88%83%E1%8B%AE" title="ኦሃዮ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦሃዮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88" title="أوهايو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوهايو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%98%DC%97%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%98" title="ܐܘܗܐܝܘ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܘܗܐܝܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5o" title="Օհայo – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Օհայo" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_suyu" title="Ohio suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ohio suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohayo" title="Ohayo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ohayo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88" title="اوهایو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوهایو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%93" title="ওহাইও – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওহাইও" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Огайо – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Огайо" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Агая – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Агая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%91" title="Агаё – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Агаё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="ओहायो – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ओहायो" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohaeo" title="Ohaeo – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Ohaeo" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Охайо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Охайо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨོ་ཧེའོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨོ་ཧེའོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Оһайо – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Оһайо" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Огайо (штат) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Огайо (штат)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_(estado)" title="Ohio (estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ohio (estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88" title="أوهايو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أوهايو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%AF%C4%AFht%C3%B3_Hahoodzo" title="Bįįhtó Hahoodzo – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bįįhtó Hahoodzo" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Οχάιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οχάιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88" title="اوهایو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوهایو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A4" title="اؤهايؤ – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اؤهايؤ" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌾𐍉 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌾𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%A3%BC" title="오하이오주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오하이오주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_(jiha)" title="Ohio (jiha) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ohio (jiha)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBOhaio" title="ʻOhaio – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻOhaio" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8" title="Օհայո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օհայո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="ओहायो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओहायो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oha%C3%AFyo" title="Ohaïyo – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ohaïyo" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%93" title="ওহাইও – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ওহাইও" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%85%E1%93%B5%E1%90%83%E1%90%85" title="ᐅᓵᐃᐅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᓵᐃᐅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Огайо – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Огайо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Ohayo" title="I-Ohayo – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Ohayo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95" title="אוהיו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוהיו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohiyo" title="Ohiyo – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ohiyo" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A" title="ಒಹಾಯೊ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಒಹಾಯೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D" title="ოჰაიო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოჰაიო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Огайо – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Огайо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owayo" title="Owayo – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Owayo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Огайо (штат) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Огайо (штат)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Огайо (штат) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Огайо (штат)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohium" title="Ohium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ohium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohaio_(%C5%A1tats)" title="Ohaio (štats) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ohaio (štats)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohajas" title="Ohajas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ohajas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/o%27aios" title="o'aios – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="o'aios" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_(%C3%A1llam)" title="Ohio (állam) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ohio (állam)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="ओहायो – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ओहायो" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BE" title="Охајо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Охајо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B" title="ഒഹായോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒഹായോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oheio" title="Oheio – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Oheio" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="ओहायो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओहायो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ოჰაიოშ შტატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოჰაიოშ შტატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88" title="اوهايو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوهايو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88" title="اوهایو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اوهایو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3" title="ꯑꯣꯍꯤꯌꯣ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯣꯍꯤꯌꯣ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Охайо – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Охайо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="အိုဟိုင်းယိုးပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုဟိုင်းယိုးပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_(staat)" title="Ohio (staat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ohio (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_(st%C3%A5t)" title="Ohio (ståt) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ohio (ståt)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="ओहायो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ओहायो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="ओहायो – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ओहायो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E5%B7%9E" title="オハイオ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オハイオ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Огайо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Огайо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Огайо – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Огайо" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogayo" title="Ogayo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ogayo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%93" title="ਓਹਾਇਓ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਓਹਾਇਓ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="ओहायो – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="ओहायो" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88" title="اوہائیو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوہائیو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88" title="اوهايو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوهايو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohayo" title="Ohayo – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ohayo" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_(Bundesstaat)" title="Ohio (Bundesstaat) – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Ohio (Bundesstaat)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_suyu" title="Ohio suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ohio suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Огайо – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Огайо" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Огайо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Огайо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Огайо – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Огайо" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="ओहायो – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ओहायो" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohaio" title="Ohaio – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ohaio" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88" title="اوهايو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اوهايو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%86" title="ئۆھایۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆھایۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BE" title="Охајо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Охајо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B" title="ஒகையோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒகையோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Оһайо (штат) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Оһайо (штат)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD" title="รัฐโอไฮโอ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐโอไฮโอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Оҳайо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Оҳайо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Огайо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Огайо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88" title="اوہائیو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوہائیو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxayo_Shtati" title="Oxayo Shtati – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Oxayo Shtati" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E" title="俄亥俄州 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="俄亥俄州" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E" title="俄亥俄州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄亥俄州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%90" title="אהאיא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אהאיא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E" title="俄亥俄州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄亥俄州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohajos" title="Ohajos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ohajos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E" title="俄亥俄州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄亥俄州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Ohio" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohajo" title="Ohajo – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ohajo" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1397#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. state</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ohio_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ohio (disambiguation)">Ohio (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Ohio</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ohio.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Ohio"><img alt="Flag of Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/125px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/188px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/250px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ohio" title="Flag of Ohio">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Ohio_(B%26W).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Ohio"><img alt="Official seal of Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_Ohio_%28B%26W%29.svg/100px-Seal_of_Ohio_%28B%26W%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_Ohio_%28B%26W%29.svg/150px-Seal_of_Ohio_%28B%26W%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_Ohio_%28B%26W%29.svg/200px-Seal_of_Ohio_%28B%26W%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="608" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Ohio" title="Seal of Ohio">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Nicknames</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Buckeye State; Birthplace of Aviation; The Heart of It All</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"<a href="/wiki/With_God,_all_things_are_possible" title="With God, all things are possible">With God, all things are possible</a>"<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">Anthem:</a> "<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Ohio" title="Beautiful Ohio">Beautiful Ohio</a>"<a href="#cite_note-GOVRES-2">[2]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="181" data-mwtitle="Beautiful_Ohio_-_Henry_Burr_&_Ruth_Lenox,_1919.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Beautiful_Ohio_-_Henry_Burr_%26_Ruth_Lenox%2C_1919.ogg/Beautiful_Ohio_-_Henry_Burr_%26_Ruth_Lenox%2C_1919.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Beautiful_Ohio_-_Henry_Burr_%26_Ruth_Lenox%2C_1919.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Ohio_in_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the United States with Ohio highlighted"><img alt="Map of the United States with Ohio highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ohio_in_United_States.svg/300px-Ohio_in_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ohio_in_United_States.svg/450px-Ohio_in_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ohio_in_United_States.svg/600px-Ohio_in_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of the United States with Ohio highlighted</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Admitted to the Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data">March 1, 1803; 221 years ago (1803-03-01)<a href="#cite_note-MS-3">[3]</a> (17th, declared retroactively on August 7, 1953; 71 years ago (1953-08-07)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">and largest city</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-CITY-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Largest metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">urban</a> areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cleveland" title="Greater Cleveland">Greater Cleveland</a> (combined and urban) <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_metropolitan_area" title="Cincinnati metropolitan area">Cincinnati</a> (metro) <a href="/wiki/Columbus_metropolitan_area,_Ohio" title="Columbus metropolitan area, Ohio">Columbus</a> (metro) (see footnotes)<a href="#cite_note-8">[a]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Ohio">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_DeWine" title="Mike DeWine">Mike DeWine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ohio" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ohio">Lieutenant governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Husted" title="Jon Husted">Jon Husted</a> (R)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">General Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Senate" title="Ohio Senate">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ohio" title="Supreme Court of Ohio">Supreme Court of Ohio</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Ohio" title="List of United States senators from Ohio">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sherrod_Brown" title="Sherrod Brown">Sherrod Brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>) <a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">JD Vance</a> (R)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Ohio" title="List of United States representatives from Ohio">U.S. House delegation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10 Republicans 5 Democrats (<a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Ohio" title="United States congressional delegations from Ohio">list</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">44,825 sq mi (116,096 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">40,948 sq mi (106,156 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">3,877 sq mi (10,040 km2)  8.7%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">34th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">220 mi (355 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">220 mi (355 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">850 ft (260 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Campbell_Hill_(Ohio)" title="Campbell Hill (Ohio)">Campbell Hill</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-10">[b]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,549 ft (472 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> border<a href="#cite_note-USGS-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-10">[b]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">455 ft (139 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2023)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">11,785,935<a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2023-11">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">7th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">282/sq mi (109/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">10th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Median household income</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$54,021<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Income rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income#States_and_territories_ranked_by_median_household_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">36th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ohioan; Buckeye<a href="#cite_note-DNR-13">[11]</a> (colloq.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">De jure</a>: None <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">De facto</a>: English</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Spoken language</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English 93.3% Spanish 2.2% Other 4.5%<a href="#cite_note-census1-14">[12]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%80%93_05:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC– 05:00">UTC– 05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%80%93_04:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC– 04:00">UTC– 04:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">OH<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-OH</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">Traditional abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">O., Oh.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latitude</th><td class="infobox-data">38°24′ N to 41°59′ N</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">80°31′ W to 84°49′ W</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ohio.gov">ohio.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">State symbols of Ohio</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ohio_state_symbols" title="List of Ohio state symbols">List of state symbols</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ohio.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/250px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/375px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/500px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ohio" title="Flag of Ohio">Flag of Ohio</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Ohio_(B%26W).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_Ohio_%28B%26W%29.svg/150px-Seal_of_Ohio_%28B%26W%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_Ohio_%28B%26W%29.svg/225px-Seal_of_Ohio_%28B%26W%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_Ohio_%28B%26W%29.svg/300px-Seal_of_Ohio_%28B%26W%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="608" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Ohio" title="Seal of Ohio">Seal of Ohio</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Slogan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">The Heart Of It All</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_amphibians" title="List of U.S. state amphibians">Amphibian</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spotted_salamander" title="Spotted salamander">Spotted salamander</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northern_cardinal" title="Northern cardinal">Cardinal</a> (1933)<a href="#cite_note-GOVRES-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers" title="List of U.S. state and territory flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dianthus_caryophyllus" title="Dianthus caryophyllus">Red carnation</a> (1904)<a href="#cite_note-GOVRES-2">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Trillium_grandiflorum" title="Trillium grandiflorum">Great white trillium</a> (1986)<a href="#cite_note-GOVRES-2">[2]</a> (wildflower)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fruit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Asimina_triloba" title="Asimina triloba">Pawpaw</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_insects" title="List of U.S. state insects">Insect</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coccinellidae" title="Coccinellidae">Ladybug</a> (1975)<a href="#cite_note-GOVRES-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">White-tailed deer</a> (1987)<a href="#cite_note-GOVRES-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_reptiles" title="List of U.S. state reptiles">Reptile</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coluber_constrictor" class="mw-redirect" title="Coluber constrictor">Black racer snake</a> (1995)<a href="#cite_note-GOVRES-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_trees" title="List of U.S. state and territory trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aesculus_glabra" title="Aesculus glabra">Buckeye</a> (1953)<a href="#cite_note-GOVRES-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_beverages" title="List of U.S. state beverages">Beverage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tomato_juice" title="Tomato juice">Tomato juice</a> (1965)<a href="#cite_note-GOVRES-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fossils" title="List of U.S. state fossils">Fossil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isotelus" title="Isotelus">Isotelus maximus</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Trilobite" title="Trilobite">trilobite</a> (1985)<a href="#cite_note-GOVRES-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Gemstone</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ohio <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flint</a> (1965)<a href="#cite_note-GOVRES-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States#State_highways" title="Numbered highways in the United States">State route marker</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:OH-7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Route marker"><img alt="Route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OH-7.svg/85px-OH-7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OH-7.svg/128px-OH-7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OH-7.svg/170px-OH-7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">State quarter</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:2002_OH_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ohio quarter dollar coin"><img alt="Ohio quarter dollar coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/2002_OH_Proof.png/85px-2002_OH_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/2002_OH_Proof.png/128px-2002_OH_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/2002_OH_Proof.png/170px-2002_OH_Proof.png 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="917" /></a><div>Released in 2002</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_symbols" title="Lists of United States state symbols">Lists of United States state symbols</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Ohio (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/oʊˈhaɪ.oʊ/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e4\/En-us-Ohio.ogg\/En-us-Ohio.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Ohio.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/En-us-Ohio.ogg/En-us-Ohio.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Ohio.ogg" title="File:En-us-Ohio.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">oh-HY-oh</a>)<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. It borders <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> to the southwest, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> to the northwest. Of the 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">U.S. states</a>, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">34th-largest by area</a>. With a population of nearly 11.8 million, Ohio is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">seventh-most populous</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population density">tenth-most densely populated state</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Ohio">most populous city</a> is <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a>, with other large <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">population centers</a> including <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a>. Ohio is nicknamed the "Buckeye State" after its <a href="/wiki/Aesculus_glabra" title="Aesculus glabra">Ohio buckeye trees</a>, and Ohioans are also known as "Buckeyes".<a href="#cite_note-DNR-13">[11]</a> Ohio derives its name from the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> that forms its southern border, which, in turn, originated from the <a href="/wiki/Seneca_language" title="Seneca language">Seneca</a> word ohiːyo', meaning "good river", "great river", or "large creek".<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> The state was home to several ancient indigenous civilizations, with humans present as early as 10,000 BCE. It arose from the lands west of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a> that were contested by various native tribes and European colonists from the 17th century through the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Indian_War" title="Northwest Indian War">Northwest Indian Wars</a> of the late 18th century. Ohio was partitioned from the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a>, the first frontier of the new United States, becoming the 17th state admitted to the Union on March 1, 1803, and the first under the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MS-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WD-19">[17]</a> It was the first post-colonial <a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">free state</a> admitted to the union and became one of the earliest and most influential industrial powerhouses during the 20th century. Although it has transitioned to a more <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_economy" title="Knowledge economy">information-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Service_economy" title="Service economy">service-based economy</a> in the 21st century, it remains an industrial state, ranking <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_GDP" title="List of U.S. states and territories by GDP">seventh in GDP</a> as of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohio&action=edit">[update]</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> with the third-largest manufacturing sector and second-largest automobile production.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> Modeled on its federal counterpart, Ohio's government is composed of the executive branch, led by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Ohio">governor</a>; the legislative branch, consisting of the bicameral <a href="/wiki/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">Ohio General Assembly</a>; and the judicial branch, led by the state <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ohio" title="Supreme Court of Ohio">Supreme Court</a>. Ohio occupies 15 seats in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>, the seventh-largest delegation.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> Seven <a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents of the United States">presidents of the United States</a> have <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_home_state" title="List of presidents of the United States by home state">come from Ohio</a>, earning it the moniker "the Mother of Presidents".<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Ohio" title="Prehistory of Ohio">Prehistory of Ohio</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ohio" title="History of Ohio">History of Ohio</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_settlement">Indigenous settlement</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunwatch_Aerial_illustration_HRoe_2018_400px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Sunwatch_Aerial_illustration_HRoe_2018_400px.jpg/220px-Sunwatch_Aerial_illustration_HRoe_2018_400px.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Sunwatch_Aerial_illustration_HRoe_2018_400px.jpg/330px-Sunwatch_Aerial_illustration_HRoe_2018_400px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Sunwatch_Aerial_illustration_HRoe_2018_400px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="267" /></a><figcaption>Artist's conception of the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient" title="Fort Ancient">Fort Ancient</a> <a href="/wiki/SunWatch_Indian_Village" title="SunWatch Indian Village">SunWatch Indian Village</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a>.</figcaption></figure> Archeological evidence of spear points of both the Folsom and Clovis types indicate that the Ohio Valley was inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomadic people</a> as early as 13,000 BC.<a href="#cite_note-knepper9-24">[22]</a> These early nomads disappeared from Ohio by 1,000 BC.<a href="#cite_note-knepper9-24">[22]</a> Between 1,000 and 800 BC, the sedentary <a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena culture</a> emerged. The Adena established "semi-permanent" villages because they domesticated plants, including sunflowers, and "grew squash and possibly corn"; with hunting and gathering, this cultivation supported more settled, complex villages.<a href="#cite_note-knepper10-25">[23]</a> The most notable remnant of the Adena culture is the <a href="/wiki/Great_Serpent_Mound" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Serpent Mound">Great Serpent Mound</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Ohio" title="Adams County, Ohio">Adams County, Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-knepper10-25">[23]</a> Around 100 BC, the Adena evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell</a> people, who were also mound builders. Their complex, large and technologically sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(archaeology)" title="Earthworks (archaeology)">earthworks</a> can be found in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Ohio" title="Marietta, Ohio">Marietta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newark,_Ohio" title="Newark, Ohio">Newark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Circleville,_Ohio" title="Circleville, Ohio">Circleville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-knepper11-26">[24]</a> They were also a prolific trading society, their trading network spanning a third of the continent.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> The Hopewell disappeared from the Ohio Valley about 600 AD. The <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a> rose as the Hopewell culture declined. Many Siouan-speaking peoples from the plains and east coast claim them as ancestors and say they lived throughout the Ohio region until approximately the 13th century.<a href="#cite_note-knepper13-28">[26]</a> There were three other cultures contemporaneous with the Mississippians: the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient" title="Fort Ancient">Fort Ancient</a> people, the <a href="/wiki/Whittlesey_culture" title="Whittlesey culture">Whittlesey Culture</a><a href="#cite_note-knepper13-28">[26]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Monongahela_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Monongahela Culture">Monongahela Culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> All three disappeared in the 17th century. Their origins are unknown. The Shawnees may have absorbed the Fort Ancient people.<a href="#cite_note-knepper13-28">[26]</a> It is also possible that the Monongahela held no land in Ohio during the Colonial Era. The Mississippian culture was close to and traded extensively with the Fort Ancient people. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5NationsExpansion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/5NationsExpansion.jpg/220px-5NationsExpansion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/5NationsExpansion.jpg/330px-5NationsExpansion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/5NationsExpansion.jpg/440px-5NationsExpansion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> conquests during the <a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">Beaver Wars</a> (mid-1600s), which largely depopulated the upper and mid-<a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> valley.</figcaption></figure> Indians in the Ohio Valley were greatly affected by the aggressive tactics of the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquois Confederation">Iroquois Confederation</a>, based in central and western New York.<a href="#cite_note-knepper14-30">[28]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">Beaver Wars</a> in the mid-17th century, the Iroquois claimed much of the Ohio country as hunting and, more importantly, beaver-trapping ground. After the devastation of epidemics and war in the mid-17th century, which largely emptied the Ohio country of Indigenous people[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ohio#Dubious" title="Talk:Ohio">discuss</a>] by the mid-to-late 17th century, the land gradually became repopulated by the mostly <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a>. Many of these Ohio-country nations were multiethnic (sometimes multi-linguistic) societies born out of the earlier devastation brought about by disease,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] war, and subsequent social instability. They subsisted on agriculture (corn, sunflowers, beans, etc.) supplemented by seasonal hunts. By the 18th century, they were part of a larger global economy brought about by European entry into the <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-roseboom20-31">[29]</a> Some of the Indigenous nations that historically inhabited Ohio include the Iroquoian,<a href="#cite_note-32">[c]</a> the Algonquian,<a href="#cite_note-33">[d]</a> and the Siouan.<a href="#cite_note-34">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-knepper14-17-36">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ohio_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio country">Ohio country</a> was also the site of Indian massacres, such as the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Creek_massacre" title="Yellow Creek massacre">Yellow Creek massacre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gnadenhutten_massacre" title="Gnadenhutten massacre">Gnadenhutten massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-knepper43-44-37">[32]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, when Natives suffered serious losses such as at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Tippecanoe</a>, most Native tribes either left Ohio or had to live on only limited reservations. By 1842, all remaining Natives were forced out of the state.<a href="#cite_note-38">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_and_Revolutionary_eras">Colonial and Revolutionary eras</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada (New France)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Province of Quebec (1763–1791)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Reserve_(1763)" title="Indian Reserve (1763)">Indian Reserve (1763)</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Western theater of the American Revolutionary War">Western theater of the American Revolutionary War</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a></div> During the 18th century, the <a href="/wiki/French_colonisation_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="French colonisation of the Americas">French</a> set up a system of <a href="/wiki/Trading_post" title="Trading post">trading posts</a> to control the fur trade in the region. Beginning in 1754, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> fought in the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a>, with various Native American tribes on each side. As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris</a>, the French ceded control of Ohio and the remainder of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Northwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Northwest">Old Northwest</a> to Great Britain in 1763.<a href="#cite_note-39">[34]</a> Before the American Revolution, Britain thinly exercised sovereignty over Ohio Country by lackadaisical garrisoning of the French forts.<a href="#cite_note-40">[f]</a> Just beyond Ohio Country was the great <a href="/wiki/Miami_Tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami Tribe">Miami</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/Kekionga" title="Kekionga">Kekionga</a>, which became the center of British trade and influence in Ohio Country and throughout the future <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a>. By the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" title="Royal Proclamation of 1763">Royal Proclamation of 1763</a>, British lands west of <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a> were forbidden to settlement by colonists.<a href="#cite_note-41">[35]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Stanwix" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Fort Stanwix">Treaty of Fort Stanwix</a> in 1768 explicitly reserved lands north and west of the Ohio as Native lands.<a href="#cite_note-42">[36]</a> British military occupation in the region contributed to the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Pontiac%27s_War" title="Pontiac's War">Pontiac's War</a> in 1763.<a href="#cite_note-43">[37]</a> Ohio tribes participated in the war until an armed expedition in Ohio led by <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">Brigadier General</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bouquet" title="Henry Bouquet">Henry Bouquet</a> brought about a truce. Another colonial military expedition into the Ohio Country in 1774 brought <a href="/wiki/Lord_Dunmore%27s_War" title="Lord Dunmore's War">Lord Dunmore's War</a>, kicked off by the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Creek_massacre" title="Yellow Creek massacre">Yellow Creek massacre</a> in Ohio, to a conclusion. In 1774, Britain passed the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Act" title="Quebec Act">Quebec Act</a>, which formally annexed Ohio and other western lands to the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Quebec">Province of Quebec</a> in order to provide a civil government and to centralize British administration of the <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>-based fur trade.<a href="#cite_note-44">[38]</a> The prohibition of settlement west of the Appalachians remained, contributing to the American Revolution.<a href="#cite_note-45">[39]</a> By the start of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, the movement of Natives and Americans between the Ohio Country and <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> had resulted in tension. <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pitt_(Pennsylvania)" title="Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)">Fort Pitt</a> in Pennsylvania had become the main fort where expeditions into Ohio started. Intrusions into the area included General <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hand" title="Edward Hand">Edward Hand</a>'s 1778 movement of 500 Pennsylvania <a href="/wiki/Militia_(United_States)" title="Militia (United States)">militiamen</a> from Fort Pitt towards Mingo towns on the <a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_River" title="Cuyahoga River">Cuyahoga River</a>, where the British stored military supplies which they distributed to Indian raiding parties;<a href="#cite_note-46">[40]</a> Colonel <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Brodhead" title="Daniel Brodhead">Daniel Brodhead</a>'s invasion in 1780 and <a href="/wiki/Brodhead%27s_Coshocton_expedition" title="Brodhead's Coshocton expedition">destruction of the Lenape Indian capital of Coshocton</a>;<a href="#cite_note-47">[41]</a> a detachment of one hundred of <a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">George Rogers Clark</a>'s troops that were <a href="/wiki/Lochry%27s_Defeat" title="Lochry's Defeat">ambushed near the Ohio River</a> by Indians led by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brant" title="Joseph Brant">Joseph Brant</a> in the same year; a British and Native American attack on the U.S.' <a href="/wiki/Fort_Laurens" title="Fort Laurens">Fort Laurens</a>;<a href="#cite_note-48">[42]</a> and the 1782 detainment and murder of 96 <a href="/wiki/Christian_Munsee" title="Christian Munsee">Moravian Lenape</a> pacifists by Pennsylvania militiamen in the <a href="/wiki/Gnadenhutten_massacre" title="Gnadenhutten massacre">Gnadenhutten massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[44]</a> The western theatre never had a decisive victor. In the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a> in 1783, Britain ceded all claims to Ohio Country to the new <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> after its victory in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northwest_Territory">Northwest Territory</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ohio_Country_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ohio_Country_en.png/220px-Ohio_Country_en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ohio_Country_en.png/330px-Ohio_Country_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ohio_Country_en.png/440px-Ohio_Country_en.png 2x" data-file-width="1217" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a> indicating battle sites between American settlers and Indigenous tribes, 1775–1794</figcaption></figure> The United States created the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a> of 1787.<a href="#cite_note-cayton3-53">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">Slavery was not permitted</a> in the new territory. Settlement began with the founding of <a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Ohio" title="Marietta, Ohio">Marietta</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Company_of_Associates" title="Ohio Company of Associates">Ohio Company of Associates</a>, which had been formed by a group of American Revolutionary War veterans. Following the Ohio Company, the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Purchase" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami Purchase">Miami Company</a> (also referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Symmes_Purchase" title="Symmes Purchase">Symmes Purchase</a>") claimed the southwestern section, and the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Land_Company" title="Connecticut Land Company">Connecticut Land Company</a> surveyed and settled the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Western_Reserve" title="Connecticut Western Reserve">Connecticut Western Reserve</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ohio" title="Northeast Ohio">Northeast Ohio</a>. Territorial surveyors from Fort Steuben began surveying an area of eastern Ohio called the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Ranges" title="Seven Ranges">Seven Ranges</a> at about the same time. The old Northwest Territory originally included areas previously known as <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Country" title="Illinois Country">Illinois Country</a>. As Ohio prepared for statehood, the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Indiana Territory</a> was created, reducing the Northwest Territory to approximately the size of present-day Ohio plus the eastern half of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Lower Peninsula of Michigan">Lower Peninsula of Michigan</a> and the eastern tip of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsula</a> and a sliver of southeastern Indiana called "The Gore". The coalition of Native American tribes, known as the <a href="/wiki/Western_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Confederacy">Western Confederacy</a>, was forced to cede extensive territory, including much of present-day Ohio, in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Greenville" title="Treaty of Greenville">Treaty of Greenville</a> in 1795. Under the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a>, areas could be defined and admitted as states once their population reached 60,000. Although Ohio's population was only 45,000 in December 1801, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> determined that it was growing rapidly enough and accelerated the process via the <a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1802" title="Enabling Act of 1802">Enabling Act of 1802</a>. In regard to the <a href="/wiki/Leni_Lenape" class="mw-redirect" title="Leni Lenape">Leni Lenape</a> natives, Congress decided that 10,000 acres on the <a href="/wiki/Muskingum_River" title="Muskingum River">Muskingum River</a> in the present state of Ohio would "be set apart and the property thereof be vested in the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Brethren" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian Brethren">Moravian Brethren</a> ... or a society of the said Brethren for civilizing the Indians and promoting Christianity".<a href="#cite_note-54">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rufus_Putnam,_the_"Father_of_Ohio"">Rufus Putnam, the "Father of Ohio"</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LandingOfThePioneers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/LandingOfThePioneers.jpg/220px-LandingOfThePioneers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/LandingOfThePioneers.jpg/330px-LandingOfThePioneers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/LandingOfThePioneers.jpg/440px-LandingOfThePioneers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1747" data-file-height="1203" /></a><figcaption>The landing of <a href="/wiki/Rufus_Putnam" title="Rufus Putnam">Rufus Putnam</a> and the first settlers at <a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Ohio" title="Marietta, Ohio">Marietta, Ohio</a> in 1788.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Rufus_Putnam" title="Rufus Putnam">Rufus Putnam</a> served in important military capacities in both the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. He was one of the most highly respected men in the early years of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-55">[49]</a> In 1776, Putnam created a method of building portable fortifications, which enabled the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> to drive the British from Boston. <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> was so impressed that he made Putnam his chief engineer. After the war, Putnam and <a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Manasseh Cutler</a> were instrumental in creating the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a>, which opened up the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a> for settlement. This land was used to serve as compensation for what was owed to Revolutionary War veterans. Putnam organized and led the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Company_of_Associates" title="Ohio Company of Associates">Ohio Company of Associates</a>, who settled at <a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Ohio" title="Marietta, Ohio">Marietta, Ohio</a>, where they built a large fort, <a href="/wiki/Campus_Martius_(Ohio)" title="Campus Martius (Ohio)">Campus Martius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[52]</a> He set substantial amounts of land aside for schools. In 1798, he created the plan for the construction of the Muskingum Academy (now <a href="/wiki/Marietta_College" title="Marietta College">Marietta College</a>). In 1780, the directors of the Ohio Company appointed him superintendent of all its affairs relating to the settlement north of the Ohio River. In 1796, President George Washington commissioned him as Surveyor-General of United States Lands. In 1788, he served as a judge in the Northwest Territory's first court. In 1802, he served in the convention to form a constitution for the State of Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-59">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statehood_and_early_years">Statehood and early years</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">Admission to the Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union</a></div> On February 19, 1803, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> signed an act of Congress that approved Ohio's boundaries and constitution.<a href="#cite_note-62">[56]</a> But Congress had not passed a formal resolution admitting Ohio as the 17th state. Although no formal resolution of admission was required, when the oversight was discovered in 1953, as Ohio began preparations for celebrating its sesquicentennial, Ohio congressman <a href="/wiki/George_H._Bender" title="George H. Bender">George H. Bender</a> introduced a bill in Congress to admit Ohio to the Union retroactive to March 1, 1803, the date on which the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">Ohio General Assembly</a> first convened.<a href="#cite_note-Blue-63">[57]</a> At a special session at the old state capital in <a href="/wiki/Chillicothe,_Ohio" title="Chillicothe, Ohio">Chillicothe</a>, the Ohio state legislature approved a new petition for statehood, which was delivered to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, on horseback, and approved that August.<a href="#cite_note-Blue-63">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[59]</a> Ohio has had three capital cities: Chillicothe, <a href="/wiki/Zanesville,_Ohio" title="Zanesville, Ohio">Zanesville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a>. Chillicothe was the capital from 1803 to 1810. The capital was then moved to Zanesville for two years as part of a state legislative compromise to get a bill passed. The capital was then moved back to Chillicothe from 1812 to 1816. Finally, the capital was moved to Columbus, to be near the state's geographic center. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_erie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Battle_erie.jpg/220px-Battle_erie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Battle_erie.jpg/330px-Battle_erie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Battle_erie.jpg/440px-Battle_erie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Erie" title="Battle of Lake Erie">Battle of Lake Erie</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Powell" title="William Henry Powell">William Henry Powell</a></figcaption></figure> Although many Native Americans migrated west to evade American encroachment, others remained in the state, sometimes assimilating in part. Starting around 1809, the <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> pressed resistance to encroachment again. Under Chief <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a> officially began in Ohio in 1811. When the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> began, the British decided to attack from <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a> into Ohio and merge their forces with the Shawnee. This continued until Tecumseh was killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Thames" title="Battle of the Thames">Battle of the Thames</a> in 1813. Most of the Shawnee, excluding the <a href="/wiki/Pekowi" title="Pekowi">Pekowi</a> in Southwest Ohio, were forcibly relocated west.<a href="#cite_note-66">[60]</a> Ohio played a <a href="/wiki/Ohio_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Ohio in the War of 1812">key role</a> in the War of 1812, as it was on the front line in the Western theater and the scene of several notable battles both on land and in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>. On September 10, 1813, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Erie" title="Battle of Lake Erie">Battle of Lake Erie</a>, one of the major battles, took place near <a href="/wiki/Put-in-Bay,_Ohio" title="Put-in-Bay, Ohio">Put-in-Bay, Ohio</a>. The British eventually surrendered to <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hazard_Perry" title="Oliver Hazard Perry">Oliver Hazard Perry</a>. Ultimately, after the U.S. government used the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act_of_1830" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Removal Act of 1830">Indian Removal Act of 1830</a> to force countless Native American tribes on the <a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a>, where all the southern states except for <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> were successfully emptied of Native peoples, the government panicked because most tribes did not want to be forced out of their own lands. Fearing further wars between Native tribes and American settlers, they pushed all remaining Native tribes in the East to migrate west against their will, including all remaining tribes in Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-67">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[62]</a> In 1835, Ohio fought with the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Toledo_War" title="Toledo War">Toledo War</a>, a mostly bloodless boundary war over the Toledo Strip. Only one person was injured in the conflict. Congress intervened, making <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>'s admittance as a state conditional on ending the conflict. In exchange for giving up its claim to the Toledo Strip, Michigan was given the western two-thirds of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsula</a>, in addition to the eastern third, which was already considered part of the territory. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War_and_industrialization">Civil War and industrialization</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morganmap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Morganmap.jpg/220px-Morganmap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Morganmap.jpg/330px-Morganmap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Morganmap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>The route of <a href="/wiki/Morgan%27s_Raid" title="Morgan's Raid">Morgan's Raid</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.</figcaption></figure> Ohio's central position and its population gave it an important place in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. The Ohio River was a vital artery for troop and supply movements, as were Ohio's railroads. Ohio's industry made it one of the most important states in the Union during the war. It contributed more soldiers per capita than any other state in the Union. In 1862, the state's morale was badly shaken in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shiloh" title="Battle of Shiloh">Battle of Shiloh</a>, a costly victory in which Ohio forces suffered 2,000 casualties.<a href="#cite_note-knepper233-234-69">[63]</a> Later that year, when <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> troops under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Stonewall Jackson</a> threatened Washington, D.C., Ohio governor <a href="/wiki/David_Tod" title="David Tod">David Tod</a> recruited 5,000 volunteers to provide three months of service.<a href="#cite_note-roseboom188-70">[64]</a> From July 13 to 26, 1863, towns along the Ohio River were attacked and ransacked in <a href="/wiki/Morgan%27s_Raid" title="Morgan's Raid">Morgan's Raid</a>, starting in <a href="/wiki/Harrison,_Ohio" title="Harrison, Ohio">Harrison</a> in the west and culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salineville" title="Battle of Salineville">Battle of Salineville</a> near <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_Columbiana_County,_Ohio" title="West Point, Columbiana County, Ohio">West Point</a> in the far east. While this raid was overall insignificant to the Confederacy, it aroused fear among people in Ohio and <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> as it was the furthest advancement of troops from the South in the war.<a href="#cite_note-71">[65]</a> Almost 35,000 Ohioans died in the conflict, and 30,000 were physically wounded.<a href="#cite_note-cayton129-72">[66]</a> By the end of the Civil War, the Union's top three generals—<a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Philip Sheridan</a>—were all from Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-cayton128-129-73">[67]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_Oil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Standard_Oil.jpg/220px-Standard_Oil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Standard_Oil.jpg/330px-Standard_Oil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Standard_Oil.jpg/440px-Standard_Oil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>The first <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a> refinery was opened in Cleveland by businessman <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a>.</figcaption></figure> During much of the 19th century, industry was rapidly introduced to complement an existing agricultural economy. One of the first iron manufacturing plants, Hopewell Furnace, opened near <a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown</a> in 1804. By the mid-19th century, 48 blast furnaces were operating in Ohio, most in the southern part of the state.<a href="#cite_note-HOS-74">[68]</a> Discovery of coal deposits aided the further development of Ohio's steel industry, and by 1853 Cleveland was the nation's third-largest iron and steel producer. The first <a href="/wiki/Bessemer_converter" class="mw-redirect" title="Bessemer converter">Bessemer converter</a> was purchased by the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Rolling_Mill" title="Cleveland Rolling Mill">Cleveland Rolling Mill Company</a>, which became part of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Steel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Steel Corporation">U.S. Steel Corporation</a> after the merger of <a href="/wiki/Federal_Steel_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Steel Company">Federal Steel Company</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Steel">Carnegie Steel</a>, the first billion-dollar American corporation.<a href="#cite_note-HOS-74">[68]</a> The first open-hearth furnace used for steel production was constructed by the Otis Steel Company in Cleveland, and by 1892, Ohio was the second-largest steel-producing state, behind Pennsylvania.<a href="#cite_note-HOS-74">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_Steel" title="Republic Steel">Republic Steel</a> was founded in Youngstown in 1899 and was at one point the nation's third-largest producer. <a href="/wiki/Armco" class="mw-redirect" title="Armco">Armco</a>, now AK Steel, was founded in <a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Ohio" title="Middletown, Ohio">Middletown</a> in 1899. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Ohio" title="Petroleum industry in Ohio">Petroleum industry in Ohio</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3></div> The state legislature officially adopted the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ohio" title="Flag of Ohio">flag of Ohio</a> on May 9, 1902.<a href="#cite_note-75">[69]</a> Dayton natives <a href="/wiki/Orville_and_Wilbur_Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="Orville and Wilbur Wright">Orville and Wilbur Wright</a> made four brief flights at <a href="/wiki/Kitty_Hawk,_North_Carolina" title="Kitty Hawk, North Carolina">Kitty Hawk, North Carolina</a>, on December 17, 1903, inventing the first successful airplane.<a href="#cite_note-76">[70]</a> Ohio was hit by its greatest natural disaster in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Flood_of_1913" title="Great Flood of 1913">Great Flood of 1913</a>, resulting in at least 428 fatalities and hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage, particularly around the <a href="/wiki/Great_Miami_River" title="Great Miami River">Great Miami River</a> basin.<a href="#cite_note-77">[71]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> was originally founded in <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton, Ohio</a> in 1920 as the American Professional Football Conference.<a href="#cite_note-profootballhof.com-78">[72]</a> It included <a href="/wiki/Ohio_League" title="Ohio League">Ohio League</a> teams in five Ohio cities (Akron, Canton, Cleveland, Columbus, and Dayton), none of which still exist. The first official game occurred on October 3, 1920, when the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Triangles" title="Dayton Triangles">Dayton Triangles</a> beat the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Panhandles" title="Columbus Panhandles">Columbus Panhandles</a> 14–0 in Dayton.<a href="#cite_note-daytonlocal.com-79">[73]</a> Canton was enshrined as the home of the <a href="/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pro Football Hall of Fame">Pro Football Hall of Fame</a> in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-Akron-Canton_Football_Heritage-80">[74]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_scene_in_a_steel_mill,_Republic_Steel,_Youngstown,_Ohio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/A_scene_in_a_steel_mill%2C_Republic_Steel%2C_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.jpg/220px-A_scene_in_a_steel_mill%2C_Republic_Steel%2C_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/A_scene_in_a_steel_mill%2C_Republic_Steel%2C_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.jpg/330px-A_scene_in_a_steel_mill%2C_Republic_Steel%2C_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/A_scene_in_a_steel_mill%2C_Republic_Steel%2C_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.jpg/440px-A_scene_in_a_steel_mill%2C_Republic_Steel%2C_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6379" data-file-height="8154" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a> being converted to <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> for wartime efforts at Youngstown's <a href="/wiki/Republic_Steel" title="Republic Steel">Republic Steel</a> in 1941.</figcaption></figure> During the 1930s, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression</a> struck the state hard. By 1933, more than 40% of factory workers and 67% of construction workers were unemployed in Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-greatdepression-81">[75]</a> Approximately 50% of industrial workers in Cleveland and 80% in Toledo became unemployed, with the state unemployment rate reaching a high of 37.3%.<a href="#cite_note-greatdepression-81">[75]</a> American Jews watched the rise of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> with apprehension. Cleveland residents <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Siegel" title="Jerry Siegel">Jerry Siegel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Shuster" title="Joe Shuster">Joe Shuster</a> created the <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a> comic character in the spirit of the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Golem" title="Golem">golem</a>. Many of their comics portrayed Superman fighting and defeating the <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[77]</a> Approximately 839,000 Ohioans served in the U.S. armed forces during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, of whom over 23,000 died or were missing in action.<a href="#cite_note-84">[78]</a> Artists, writers, musicians and actors developed in the state throughout the 20th century and often moved to other cities that were larger centers for their work. They included <a href="/wiki/Zane_Grey" title="Zane Grey">Zane Grey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Caniff" title="Milton Caniff">Milton Caniff</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Bellows" title="George Bellows">George Bellows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Tatum" title="Art Tatum">Art Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein" title="Roy Lichtenstein">Roy Lichtenstein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rogers" title="Roy Rogers">Roy Rogers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alan_Freed" title="Alan Freed">Alan Freed</a>, who emerged from the swing dance culture in Cleveland, hosted the first live rock 'n roll concert in Cleveland in 1952. Famous filmmakers include <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Columbus_(filmmaker)" title="Chris Columbus (filmmaker)">Chris Columbus</a> and the original <a href="/wiki/Warner_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Brothers">Warner Brothers</a>, who set up their first movie theatre in Youngstown before the company relocated to California. The state produced many popular musicians, including <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_O%27Jays" title="The O'Jays">The O'Jays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Manson" title="Marilyn Manson">Marilyn Manson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Grohl" title="Dave Grohl">Dave Grohl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devo" title="Devo">Devo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macy_Gray" title="Macy Gray">Macy Gray</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">The Isley Brothers</a>. Two Ohio <a href="/wiki/Astronauts" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronauts">astronauts</a> completed significant milestones in the <a href="/wiki/Space_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Space race">space race</a> in the 1960s: <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a> becoming the <a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">first American to orbit the Earth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a> becoming the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11#Lunar_surface_operations" title="Apollo 11">first human to walk on the Moon</a>. In 1967, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Stokes" title="Carl Stokes">Carl Stokes</a> was <a href="/wiki/1967_Cleveland_mayoral_election" title="1967 Cleveland mayoral election">elected</a> mayor of Cleveland and became the first African American mayor of one of the nation's 10 most populous cities.<a href="#cite_note-85">[79]</a> In 1970, an <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Army_National_Guard" title="Ohio Army National Guard">Ohio Army National Guard</a> unit <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_shootings" title="Kent State shootings">fired at students</a> during an antiwar protest at <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_University" title="Kent State University">Kent State University</a>, killing four and wounding nine. The Guard had been called onto campus after several protests in and around campus became violent, including a riot in downtown Kent and the burning of an <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">ROTC</a> building. The main cause of the protests was the United States' <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian Campaign">invasion of Cambodia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[80]</a> Ohio was an important state in the developing ties between the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">United States and the People's Republic of China</a> in the late 1970s and early 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-:05-87">[81]</a>: 59  Relations between the two countries normalized in 1979, during the second term of Ohio governor <a href="/wiki/Jim_Rhodes" title="Jim Rhodes">Jim Rhodes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:05-87">[81]</a>: 112  Rhodes sought to encourage economic ties, viewing China as a potential market for Ohio machinery exports.<a href="#cite_note-:05-87">[81]</a>: 112  In July 1979, Rhodes led a State of Ohio <a href="/wiki/Trade_mission" title="Trade mission">Trade Mission</a> to China.<a href="#cite_note-:05-87">[81]</a>: 112  The trip resulted in developing economic ties, a sister state-province relationship with <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei province</a>, long-running Chinese exhibitions at the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Fair" title="Ohio State Fair">Ohio State Fair</a>, and major academic exchanges between Ohio State University and <a href="/wiki/Wuhan_University" title="Wuhan University">Wuhan University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:05-87">[81]</a>: 113  Beginning in the 1980s, the state entered into international economic and resource cooperation treaties and organizations with other <a href="/wiki/Midwestern" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwestern">Midwestern</a> states, as well as <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Charter" title="Great Lakes Charter">Great Lakes Charter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Compact" title="Great Lakes Compact">Great Lakes Compact</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Great_Lakes_Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Great Lakes Governors">Council of Great Lakes Governors</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3></div> Ohio's economy has undergone significant change in the 21st century, as the trend of <a href="/wiki/Deindustrialization" title="Deindustrialization">deindustrialization</a> has greatly impacted the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">American Midwest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rust_Belt" title="Rust Belt">Rust Belt</a>. Manufacturing in the Midwest experienced a stark decline during the early 21st century,<a href="#cite_note-:0-88">[82]</a> a trend that greatly impacted Ohio. From 1990 to 2019, it lost over 300,000 manufacturing jobs, but added over 1,000,000 non-manufacturing jobs.<a href="#cite_note-:0-88">[82]</a> Coinciding with this decline, Ohio has seen a large decline in union membership: 17.4% of Ohioan workers were union members in 2000, while 12.8% were union members in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-89">[83]</a> In the wake of these economic changes, Ohio's state government has looked to promoting new industries to offset manufacturing losses, such as the production of <a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">solar energy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[84]</a> One major program the state government launched was the "Third Frontier" program, created during the governorship of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Taft" title="Bob Taft">Bob Taft</a>, which aimed to increase investment in Ohio and boost its technology sector.<a href="#cite_note-91">[85]</a> As of 2010, the Ohio Department of Development attributes the creation of 9,500 jobs to this program, with an average of salary of $65,000,<a href="#cite_note-TF-92">[86]</a> while having a $6.6 billion economic impact with a <a href="/wiki/Return_on_investment" title="Return on investment">return on investment</a> of 9:1.<a href="#cite_note-TF-92">[86]</a> In 2010 the state won the <a href="/wiki/International_Economic_Development_Council" title="International Economic Development Council">International Economic Development Council</a>'s Excellence in Economic Development Award, celebrated as a national model of success.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Ohio's economy was also heavily afflicted by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>, as the state's <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment rate</a> rose from 5.6% in the first two months of 2008 up to a peak of 11.1% in December 2009 and January 2010.<a href="#cite_note-:1-93">[87]</a> It took until August 2014 for the unemployment rate to return to 5.6%.<a href="#cite_note-:1-93">[87]</a> From December 2007 to September 2010, Ohio lost 376,500 jobs.<a href="#cite_note-94">[88]</a> In 2009, Ohio had 89,053 foreclosures filings, a then-record for the state.<a href="#cite_note-95">[89]</a> The median household income dropped 7% from 2006–07 to 2008–09, and the poverty rate ballooned to 13.5% by 2009.<a href="#cite_note-96">[90]</a> By 2015, Ohio <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> was $608.1 billion, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_Gross_State_Product_(GSP)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by Gross State Product (GSP)">seventh-largest economy among the 50 states</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LSC2016-97">[91]</a> In 2015, Ohio's total GDP accounted for 3.4% of U.S. GDP and 0.8% of world GDP.<a href="#cite_note-LSC2016-97">[91]</a> Politically, Ohio has been long regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">swing state</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:2-98">[92]</a> but the success of many <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> candidates in Ohio since the late 2000s has led many to question whether Ohio remains an electoral battleground.<a href="#cite_note-:2-98">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[94]</a> On March 9, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> reached Ohio, with three cases reported.<a href="#cite_note-:3-101">[95]</a> As of February 2023, over 41,600 Ohioans have died from COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-:3-101">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[96]</a> Ohio's economy was also heavily impacted by the pandemic, as the state saw large job losses in 2020, as well as large amounts of subsequent <a href="/wiki/Stimulus_(economics)" title="Stimulus (economics)">stimulus spending</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ohio_counties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ohio counties">List of Ohio counties</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Ohio">List of cities in Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of villages in Ohio">List of villages in Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ohio_townships" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ohio townships">List of Ohio townships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_public_lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio public lands">Ohio public lands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in Ohio">List of lakes in Ohio</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geographic_regions_ohio.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Geographic_regions_ohio.svg/220px-Geographic_regions_ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Geographic_regions_ohio.svg/330px-Geographic_regions_ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Geographic_regions_ohio.svg/440px-Geographic_regions_ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="870" /></a><figcaption>Geographic regions of Ohio</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PEVI-view-of-Put-in-Bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PEVI-view-of-Put-in-Bay.jpg/220px-PEVI-view-of-Put-in-Bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PEVI-view-of-Put-in-Bay.jpg/330px-PEVI-view-of-Put-in-Bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PEVI-view-of-Put-in-Bay.jpg/440px-PEVI-view-of-Put-in-Bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Put-in-Bay,_Ohio" title="Put-in-Bay, Ohio">Put-in-Bay</a> is located on <a href="/wiki/South_Bass_Island" title="South Bass Island">South Bass Island</a>, one of Ohio's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Lake_Erie_Islands" title="List of Lake Erie Islands">Lake Erie Islands</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Ohio_river_running_between_Ohio_and_West_Virginia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/The_Ohio_river_running_between_Ohio_and_West_Virginia.jpg/220px-The_Ohio_river_running_between_Ohio_and_West_Virginia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/The_Ohio_river_running_between_Ohio_and_West_Virginia.jpg/330px-The_Ohio_river_running_between_Ohio_and_West_Virginia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/The_Ohio_river_running_between_Ohio_and_West_Virginia.jpg/440px-The_Ohio_river_running_between_Ohio_and_West_Virginia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3950" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> marks the state's border with <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>.</figcaption></figure> Ohio's location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because it links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo and business traffic passes through its borders along its well-developed highways. Ohio has the nation's 10th-largest highway network and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North America's population and 70% of North America's manufacturing capacity.<a href="#cite_note-104">[98]</a> To the north, Ohio has 312 miles (502 km) of coastline with Lake Erie,<a href="#cite_note-105">[99]</a> which allows for numerous cargo ports such as Cleveland and Toledo. Ohio's southern border is defined by the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a>. Ohio's neighbors are <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> on the south, and <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> on the southeast. Ohio's borders were defined by <a href="/wiki/Metes_and_bounds" title="Metes and bounds">metes and bounds</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1802" title="Enabling Act of 1802">Enabling Act of 1802</a> as follows: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Bounded on the east by the Pennsylvania line, on the south by the Ohio River, to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Miami_River" title="Great Miami River">Great Miami River</a>, on the west by the line drawn due north from the mouth of the Great Miami aforesaid, and on the north by an east and west line drawn through the southerly extreme of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a>, running east after intersecting the due north line aforesaid, from the mouth of the Great Miami until it shall intersect Lake Erie or the territorial line, and thence with the same through Lake Erie to the Pennsylvania line aforesaid.</blockquote> Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. In 1980, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> held that, based on the wording of the cessation of territory by <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> (which at the time included what is now Kentucky and West Virginia), the boundary between Ohio and Kentucky (and, by implication, West Virginia) is the northern low-water mark of the river as it existed in 1792.<a href="#cite_note-Ohio_v_Kentucky-106">[100]</a> Ohio has only that portion of the river between the river's 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark. The border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Toledo_War" title="Toledo War">Toledo War</a>, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features <a href="/wiki/Glacial_till_plains_(Ohio)" title="Glacial till plains (Ohio)">glaciated till plains</a>, with an exceptionally flat area in the northwest being known as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Black_Swamp" title="Great Black Swamp">Great Black Swamp</a>. This glaciated region in the northwest and central state is bordered to the east and southeast first by a belt known as the <a href="/wiki/Glaciated_Allegheny_Plateau" title="Glaciated Allegheny Plateau">glaciated Allegheny Plateau</a>, and then by another belt known as the <a href="/wiki/Unglaciated_Allegheny_Plateau" title="Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau">unglaciated Allegheny Plateau</a>. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Ohio" title="Appalachian Ohio">features rugged hills and forests</a>. Ohio's rugged southeastern quadrant, stretching in an outward bow-like arc along the Ohio River from the West <a href="/wiki/Northern_Panhandle_of_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Panhandle of West Virginia">Virginia Panhandle</a> to the outskirts of Cincinnati, forms a distinct <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomics">socioeconomic</a> unit. Geologically similar to parts of West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania, this area's coal mining legacy, dependence on small pockets of old manufacturing establishments, and distinctive regional dialect set this section off from the rest of the state. In 1965, Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Regional_Development_Act" title="Appalachian Regional Development Act">Appalachian Regional Development Act</a>, an attempt to "address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region".<a href="#cite_note-107">[101]</a> It defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia.<a href="#cite_note-108">[102]</a> While 1/3 of Ohio's land mass is part of the federally defined Appalachian region, only 12.8% of Ohioans live there (1.476 million people.)<a href="#cite_note-109">[103]</a> Significant Ohio rivers include the <a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_River" title="Cuyahoga River">Cuyahoga River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Miami_River" title="Great Miami River">Great Miami River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maumee_River" title="Maumee River">Maumee River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muskingum_River" title="Muskingum River">Muskingum River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scioto_River" title="Scioto River">Scioto River</a>. The rivers in northern Ohio drain into the northern Atlantic Ocean via <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> and the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a>, and those in southern Ohio drain into the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a>. Ohio also includes <a href="/wiki/Bass_Islands" title="Bass Islands">Bass Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kelleys_Island,_Ohio" title="Kelleys Island, Ohio">Kelleys Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Law2015-110">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Lake_St._Marys" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lake St. Marys">Grand Lake St. Marys</a> in the west-central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canals</a> in the canal-building era of 1820–1850. This body of water, over 20 square miles (52 km2), was the largest artificial lake in the world when completed in 1845.<a href="#cite_note-111">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Canals_in_Ohio" title="Category:Canals in Ohio">Ohio's canal-building projects</a> were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their industrial emergence to their location on canals, and as late as 1910 interior canals carried much of the bulk freight of the state. Areas under the protection of the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> include <a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_Valley_National_Park" title="Cuyahoga Valley National Park">Cuyahoga Valley National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Hopewell Culture National Historical Park">Hopewell Culture National Historical Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Aviation_Heritage_National_Historical_Park" title="Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park">Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Ladies_National_Historic_Site" title="First Ladies National Historic Site">First Ladies National Historic Site</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield_National_Historic_Site" title="James A. Garfield National Historic Site">James A. Garfield National Historic Site</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_National_Historic_Site" title="William Howard Taft National Historic Site">William Howard Taft National Historic Site</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Young_Buffalo_Soldiers_National_Monument" title="Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument">Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perry%27s_Victory_and_International_Peace_Memorial" title="Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial">Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hellbender_Cryptobranchus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hellbender_Cryptobranchus.jpg/220px-Hellbender_Cryptobranchus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hellbender_Cryptobranchus.jpg/330px-Hellbender_Cryptobranchus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hellbender_Cryptobranchus.jpg/440px-Hellbender_Cryptobranchus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hellbender" title="Hellbender">Eastern Hellbender</a> in captivity</figcaption></figure> Ohio has wide variety of unique animal species. Rare and endangered species include the <a href="/wiki/Hellbender" title="Hellbender">Eastern Hellbender</a>, which is found in the Southeastern Appalachian region of Ohio and is classified as state endangered.<a href="#cite_note-113">[107]</a> The Eastern Hellbender is the 3rd largest <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibian</a> in the world, and can grow up to 27 inches in length. It is fully aquatic and breathes almost entirely through its skin. Due to this, it is only found in pristine, cool, clear, fast flowing streams and rivers. It is highly threatened by <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat loss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution_in_the_United_States" title="Water pollution in the United States">water pollution</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sedimentation" title="Sedimentation">sedimentation</a> due to logging and other human activities.<a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Ohio" title="Climate change in Ohio">Climate change in Ohio</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Ohio.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Ohio.png/220px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Ohio.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Ohio.png/330px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Ohio.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Ohio.png/440px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Ohio.png 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1531" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate types</a> of Ohio, using 1991–2020 <a href="/wiki/Climatological_normal" title="Climatological normal">climate normals</a>.</figcaption></figure> The climate of Ohio is a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Dfa/Dfb) throughout most of the state, except in the extreme southern counties of Ohio's <a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_region" title="Bluegrass region">Bluegrass region</a> section, which are located on the northern periphery of the <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (Cfa) and <a href="/wiki/Upland_South" title="Upland South">Upland South</a> region of the United States. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold. Precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round. Severe weather is not uncommon in the state, although there are typically fewer <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a> reports in Ohio than in states located in what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Tornado_Alley" title="Tornado Alley">Tornado Alley</a>. Severe <a href="/wiki/Lake_effect_snow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake effect snow">lake effect snowstorms</a> are also not uncommon on the southeast shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>, which is located in an area designated as the <a href="/wiki/Snowbelt" title="Snowbelt">Snowbelt</a>. Although predominantly not in a subtropical climate, some warmer-climate flora and fauna do reach well into Ohio. For instance, some trees with more southern ranges, such as the <a href="/wiki/Blackjack_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackjack oak">blackjack oak</a>, Quercus marilandica, are found at their northernmost in Ohio just north of the Ohio River. Also evidencing this climatic transition from a subtropical to a continental climate, several plants such as the Southern magnolia (<a href="/wiki/Magnolia_grandiflora" title="Magnolia grandiflora">Magnolia grandiflora</a>), <a href="/wiki/Albizia_julibrissin" title="Albizia julibrissin">Albizia julibrissin</a> (mimosa), <a href="/wiki/Crape_Myrtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Crape Myrtle">Crape Myrtle</a>, and even the occasional <a href="/wiki/Needle_Palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Needle Palm">Needle Palm</a> are hardy landscape materials regularly used as street, yard, and garden plantings in the <a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_region" title="Bluegrass region">Bluegrass region</a> of Ohio; but these same plants will simply not thrive in much of the rest of the state. This interesting change may be observed while traveling through Ohio on <a href="/wiki/Interstate_75_in_Ohio" title="Interstate 75 in Ohio">Interstate 75</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> to <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a>; the observant traveler of this diverse state may even catch a glimpse of Cincinnati's <a href="/wiki/Common_wall_lizard" class="mw-redirect" title="Common wall lizard">common wall lizard</a>, one of the few examples of permanent "subtropical" fauna in Ohio. The worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Dayton_Flood" title="Great Dayton Flood">Great Dayton Flood</a>, the entire <a href="/wiki/Great_Miami_River" title="Great Miami River">Miami River</a> watershed flooded, including the downtown business district of <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a>. As a result, the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Conservancy_District" title="Miami Conservancy District">Miami Conservancy District</a> was created as the first major floodplain engineering project in Ohio and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-MCDAct-115">[109]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"> <caption>Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Ohio<a href="#cite_note-Ohio_climate_averages-116">[110]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Location </th> <th>Region </th> <th>July (°F) </th> <th>July (°C) </th> <th>January (°F) </th> <th>January (°C) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Ohio" title="Athens, Ohio">Athens</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Ohio" title="Appalachian Ohio">Appalachian</a></td> <td>85/61</td> <td>29/16</td> <td>40/21</td> <td>4/−6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_metropolitan_area" title="Cincinnati metropolitan area">Southwest</a></td> <td>86/66</td> <td>30/19</td> <td>39/23</td> <td>3/−5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ohio" title="Northeast Ohio">Northeast</a></td> <td>82/64</td> <td>28/18</td> <td>34/21</td> <td>1/−5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Ohio">Central</a></td> <td>85/65</td> <td>29/18</td> <td>36/22</td> <td>2/−5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miami_Valley" title="Miami Valley">Miami Valley</a></td> <td>87/67</td> <td>31/19</td> <td>36/22</td> <td>2/−5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ohio" title="Northwest Ohio">Northwest</a></td> <td>84/62</td> <td>29/17</td> <td>32/18</td> <td>0/−7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ohio" title="Northeast Ohio">Northeast</a></td> <td>81/60</td> <td>27/15</td> <td>32/19</td> <td>0/−7 </td></tr></tbody></table> The highest recorded temperature was 113 <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">°F</a> (45 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>), near <a href="/wiki/Gallipolis,_Ohio" title="Gallipolis, Ohio">Gallipolis</a> on July 21, 1934.<a href="#cite_note-117">[111]</a> The lowest recorded temperature was −39 °F (−39 °C), at <a href="/wiki/Milligan,_Ohio" title="Milligan, Ohio">Milligan</a> on February 10, 1899,<a href="#cite_note-118">[112]</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1899" title="Great Blizzard of 1899">Great Blizzard of 1899</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Earthquakes">Earthquakes</h4></div> Although few have registered as noticeable to the average resident, more than 200 earthquakes with a <a href="/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Richter magnitude scale">magnitude</a> of 2.0 or higher have occurred in Ohio since 1776.<a href="#cite_note-in-ohio-120">[114]</a> The Western Ohio Seismic Zone and a portion of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Great_Lakes_Seismic_Zone" title="Southern Great Lakes Seismic Zone">Southern Great Lakes Seismic Zone</a> are located in the state, and numerous <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">faults</a> lie under the surface.<a href="#cite_note-in-ohio-120">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[115]</a> The most substantial known earthquake in Ohio history was the <a href="/wiki/Anna,_Ohio" title="Anna, Ohio">Anna</a> (Shelby County) earthquake,<a href="#cite_note-122">[116]</a> which occurred on March 9, 1937. It was centered in western Ohio, with a magnitude of 5.4, and was of <a href="/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">intensity</a> VIII.<a href="#cite_note-123">[117]</a> Other significant earthquakes in Ohio include:<a href="#cite_note-124">[118]</a> one of magnitude 4.8 near <a href="/wiki/Lima,_Ohio" title="Lima, Ohio">Lima</a> on September 19, 1884;<a href="#cite_note-125">[119]</a> one of magnitude 4.2 near <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Ohio" title="Portsmouth, Ohio">Portsmouth</a> on May 17, 1901;<a href="#cite_note-126">[120]</a> and one of 5.0 in <a href="/wiki/LeRoy_Township,_Lake_County,_Ohio" title="LeRoy Township, Lake County, Ohio">LeRoy Township in Lake County</a> on January 31, 1986, which continued to trigger 13 aftershocks of magnitude 0.5 to 2.4 for two months.<a href="#cite_note-127">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[122]</a> Notable Ohio earthquakes in the 21st century include one occurring on December 31, 2011, approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown</a>,<a href="#cite_note-129">[123]</a> and one occurring on June 10, 2019, approximately 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) north-northwest of <a href="/wiki/Eastlake,_Ohio" title="Eastlake, Ohio">Eastlake</a> under <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>;<a href="#cite_note-130">[124]</a> both registered a 4.0 magnitude. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities">Cities</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Ohio">List of cities in Ohio</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ohio_population_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ohio_population_map.png/220px-Ohio_population_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ohio_population_map.png/330px-Ohio_population_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ohio_population_map.png/440px-Ohio_population_map.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ohio population density map</figcaption></figure> There are 13 <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan statistical areas</a> in Ohio, anchored by 16 cities, as defined by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a>. Additionally, 30 Ohio cities function as centers of <a href="/wiki/Micropolitan_statistical_area" title="Micropolitan statistical area">micropolitan statistical areas</a>, urban clusters smaller than that of metropolitan areas. Ohio's three largest cities are <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>. Columbus is the capital of the state, near its geographic center, and is well known for <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>. In 2019, the city had six corporations named to the U.S. Fortune 500 list: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Data" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance Data">Alliance Data</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Mutual_Insurance_Company" title="Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company">Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Electric_Power" title="American Electric Power">American Electric Power</a>, <a href="/wiki/L_Brands" class="mw-redirect" title="L Brands">L Brands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huntington_Bancshares" title="Huntington Bancshares">Huntington Bancshares</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Health" title="Cardinal Health">Cardinal Health</a> in suburban <a href="/wiki/Dublin,_Ohio" title="Dublin, Ohio">Dublin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GDP-131">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[126]</a> Other major employers include hospitals (among others, <a href="/wiki/Wexner_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Wexner Medical Center">Wexner Medical Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Nationwide Children's Hospital">Nationwide Children's Hospital</a>), high tech research and development including the <a href="/wiki/Battelle_Memorial_Institute" title="Battelle Memorial Institute">Battelle Memorial Institute</a>, information-based companies such as <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Abstracts_Service" title="Chemical Abstracts Service">Chemical Abstracts Service</a>, manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Worthington_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Worthington Industries">Worthington Industries</a>, and financial institutions such as <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huntington_Bancshares" title="Huntington Bancshares">Huntington Bancshares</a>. Fast food chains <a href="/wiki/Wendy%27s" title="Wendy's">Wendy's</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_Castle_(restaurant)" title="White Castle (restaurant)">White Castle</a> are also headquartered in Columbus. Located in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ohio" title="Northeast Ohio">Northeast Ohio</a> along the Lake Erie shore, Cleveland is characterized by its <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> heritage, ethnic immigrant cultures, and history as a major American manufacturing and healthcare center. It anchors the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, of which the industrial cities of <a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton</a> are constituent parts. <a href="/wiki/Mansfield,_Ohio" title="Mansfield, Ohio">Mansfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandusky,_Ohio" title="Sandusky, Ohio">Sandusky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown</a> are also major cities in the region. Northeast Ohio is known for major industrial companies <a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company">Goodyear Tire and Rubber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timken_Company" title="Timken Company">Timken</a>, top-ranked colleges <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_University" title="Kent State University">Kent State University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Clinic" title="Cleveland Clinic">Cleveland Clinic</a>, and cultural attractions including the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a>, Big Five member <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Orchestra" title="Cleveland Orchestra">Cleveland Orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_Valley_National_Park" title="Cuyahoga Valley National Park">Cuyahoga Valley National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Playhouse_Square" title="Playhouse Square">Playhouse Square</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pro Football Hall of Fame">Pro Football Hall of Fame</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati, Ohio">Cincinnati</a> anchors Southwest Ohio and the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_metropolitan_area" title="Cincinnati metropolitan area">Cincinnati metropolitan area</a>, which also encompasses counties in Kentucky and Indiana. The metropolitan area is home to <a href="/wiki/Miami_University" title="Miami University">Miami University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati" title="University of Cincinnati">University of Cincinnati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Union_Terminal" title="Cincinnati Union Terminal">Cincinnati Union Terminal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra">Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra</a>, and various Fortune 500 companies, including <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kroger" title="Kroger">Kroger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s,_Inc." title="Macy's, Inc.">Macy's, Inc.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Third_Bank" title="Fifth Third Bank">Fifth Third Bank</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Ohio" title="Springfield, Ohio">Springfield</a> are in the Miami Valley, which is home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dayton" title="University of Dayton">University of Dayton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Ballet" title="Dayton Ballet">Dayton Ballet</a>, and the extensive <a href="/wiki/Wright-Patterson_Air_Force_Base" title="Wright-Patterson Air Force Base">Wright-Patterson Air Force Base</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lima,_Ohio" title="Lima, Ohio">Lima</a> are the major cities in Northwest Ohio, an area known for its glass-making industry. It is home to <a href="/wiki/Owens_Corning" title="Owens Corning">Owens Corning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Owens-Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Owens-Illinois">Owens-Illinois</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> corporations. <a href="/wiki/Steubenville,_Ohio" title="Steubenville, Ohio">Steubenville</a> is the only metropolitan city in <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Ohio" title="Appalachian Ohio">Appalachian Ohio</a>, a region known for its <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_mixed_mesophytic_forests" title="Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests">mixed mesophytic forests</a>. Other metropolitan areas that contain cities in Ohio but are primarily in other states include the <a href="/wiki/Huntington,_West_Virginia" title="Huntington, West Virginia">Huntington, West Virginia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">Wheeling, West Virginia</a> areas. Ohio is the US state with the highest number of cities with the same name as UK cities.<a href="#cite_note-133">[127]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Ohio <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source: 2020 U.S. Census<a href="#cite_note-134">[128]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Ohio">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of Ohio">County</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Ohio">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of Ohio">County</a> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Columbus_View_from_Main_St_Bridge_-_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Columbus"><img alt="Columbus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Downtown_Columbus_View_from_Main_St_Bridge_-_edit1.jpg/120px-Downtown_Columbus_View_from_Main_St_Bridge_-_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Downtown_Columbus_View_from_Main_St_Bridge_-_edit1.jpg/180px-Downtown_Columbus_View_from_Main_St_Bridge_-_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Downtown_Columbus_View_from_Main_St_Bridge_-_edit1.jpg/240px-Downtown_Columbus_View_from_Main_St_Bridge_-_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6188" data-file-height="4227" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Cleveland_skyline_from_Lakewood_Park,_June_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cleveland"><img alt="Cleveland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cleveland_skyline_from_Lakewood_Park%2C_June_2024.jpg/120px-Cleveland_skyline_from_Lakewood_Park%2C_June_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cleveland_skyline_from_Lakewood_Park%2C_June_2024.jpg/180px-Cleveland_skyline_from_Lakewood_Park%2C_June_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cleveland_skyline_from_Lakewood_Park%2C_June_2024.jpg/240px-Cleveland_skyline_from_Lakewood_Park%2C_June_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8256" data-file-height="5504" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Ohio" title="Franklin County, Ohio">Franklin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">905,748</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Mahoning County, Ohio">Mahoning</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">60,068 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Cincinnati_viewed_from_Devou_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cincinnati"><img alt="Cincinnati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Downtown_Cincinnati_viewed_from_Devou_Park.jpg/120px-Downtown_Cincinnati_viewed_from_Devou_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Downtown_Cincinnati_viewed_from_Devou_Park.jpg/180px-Downtown_Cincinnati_viewed_from_Devou_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Downtown_Cincinnati_viewed_from_Devou_Park.jpg/240px-Downtown_Cincinnati_viewed_from_Devou_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Toledo,_Ohio_Skyline,_July_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Toledo"><img alt="Toledo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Toledo%2C_Ohio_Skyline%2C_July_2022.jpg/120px-Toledo%2C_Ohio_Skyline%2C_July_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Toledo%2C_Ohio_Skyline%2C_July_2022.jpg/180px-Toledo%2C_Ohio_Skyline%2C_July_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Toledo%2C_Ohio_Skyline%2C_July_2022.jpg/240px-Toledo%2C_Ohio_Skyline%2C_July_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="1461" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_County,_Ohio" title="Cuyahoga County, Ohio">Cuyahoga</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">372,624</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Ohio" title="Springfield, Ohio">Springfield</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Ohio" title="Clark County, Ohio">Clark</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">58,662 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Ohio" title="Hamilton County, Ohio">Hamilton</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">309,317</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kettering,_Ohio" title="Kettering, Ohio">Kettering</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Ohio" title="Montgomery County, Ohio">Montgomery</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">57,862 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lucas_County,_Ohio" title="Lucas County, Ohio">Lucas</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">270,871</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elyria,_Ohio" title="Elyria, Ohio">Elyria</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lorain_County,_Ohio" title="Lorain County, Ohio">Lorain</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">52,656 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Summit_County,_Ohio" title="Summit County, Ohio">Summit</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">190,469</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_Falls,_Ohio" title="Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio">Cuyahoga Falls</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Summit_County,_Ohio" title="Summit County, Ohio">Summit</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">51,114 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Ohio" title="Montgomery County, Ohio">Montgomery</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">137,644</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Ohio" title="Middletown, Ohio">Middletown</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Butler_County,_Ohio" title="Butler County, Ohio">Butler</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">50,987 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Parma,_Ohio" title="Parma, Ohio">Parma</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_County,_Ohio" title="Cuyahoga County, Ohio">Cuyahoga</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">81,146</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lakewood,_Ohio" title="Lakewood, Ohio">Lakewood</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_County,_Ohio" title="Cuyahoga County, Ohio">Cuyahoga</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">50,942 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Stark_County,_Ohio" title="Stark County, Ohio">Stark</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">70,872</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Newark,_Ohio" title="Newark, Ohio">Newark</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Licking_County,_Ohio" title="Licking County, Ohio">Licking</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">49,934 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lorain,_Ohio" title="Lorain, Ohio">Lorain</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lorain_County,_Ohio" title="Lorain County, Ohio">Lorain</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">65,211</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Euclid,_Ohio" title="Euclid, Ohio">Euclid</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_County,_Ohio" title="Cuyahoga County, Ohio">Cuyahoga</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">49,692 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ohio" title="Hamilton, Ohio">Hamilton</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Butler_County,_Ohio" title="Butler County, Ohio">Butler</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">62,082</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dublin,_Ohio" title="Dublin, Ohio">Dublin</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Ohio" title="Franklin County, Ohio">Franklin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">49,328 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800</a></th><td>45,365</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></th><td>230,760</td><td></td><td>408.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td>581,434</td><td></td><td>152.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>937,903</td><td></td><td>61.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>1,519,467</td><td></td><td>62.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>1,980,329</td><td></td><td>30.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>2,339,511</td><td></td><td>18.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>2,665,260</td><td></td><td>13.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>3,198,062</td><td></td><td>20.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>3,672,329</td><td></td><td>14.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>4,157,545</td><td></td><td>13.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>4,767,121</td><td></td><td>14.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>5,759,394</td><td></td><td>20.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>6,646,697</td><td></td><td>15.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>6,907,612</td><td></td><td>3.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>7,946,627</td><td></td><td>15.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>9,706,397</td><td></td><td>22.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>10,652,017</td><td></td><td>9.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>10,797,630</td><td></td><td>1.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>10,847,115</td><td></td><td>0.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>11,353,140</td><td></td><td>4.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>11,536,504</td><td></td><td>1.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>11,799,448</td><td></td><td>2.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">11,785,935</td><td><a href="#cite_note-135">[129]</a></td><td>−0.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">Source: 1910–2020<a href="#cite_note-136">[130]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3></div> From just over 45,000 residents in 1800, Ohio's population grew faster than 10% per decade (except for the <a href="/wiki/1940_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1940 census">1940 census</a>) until the <a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1970 United States Census">1970 census</a>, which recorded just over 10.65 million Ohioans.<a href="#cite_note-137">[131]</a> Growth then slowed for the next four decades.<a href="#cite_note-138">[132]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> counted 11,808,848 in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, a 2.4% increase since the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 United States census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2020census-139">[133]</a> Ohio's population growth lags that of the entire United States, and <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">whites</a> are found in a greater density than the U.S. average. As of 2000<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohio&action=edit">[update]</a>, Ohio's <a href="/wiki/Center_of_population" title="Center of population">center of population</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Morrow_County,_Ohio" title="Morrow County, Ohio">Morrow County</a>,<a href="#cite_note-POPCENTER-140">[134]</a> in the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gilead,_Ohio" title="Mount Gilead, Ohio">Mount Gilead</a>.<a href="#cite_note-POPCEN-141">[135]</a> This is approximately 6,346 feet (1,934 m) south and west of Ohio's population center in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-POPCENTER-140">[134]</a> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">Graph of Ohio's population from 1800 to 2020 census.</div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ohio_change_in_population_by_county_2010_to_2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ohio_change_in_population_by_county_2010_to_2020.svg/220px-Ohio_change_in_population_by_county_2010_to_2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ohio_change_in_population_by_county_2010_to_2020.svg/330px-Ohio_change_in_population_by_county_2010_to_2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ohio_change_in_population_by_county_2010_to_2020.svg/440px-Ohio_change_in_population_by_county_2010_to_2020.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3675" data-file-height="3995" /></a><figcaption>Population growth by county in Ohio between the 2010 and 2020 censuses. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  -10 to -5 percent</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  -5 to -2 percent</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  -2 to 0 percent</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  0 to 2 percent</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  2 to 5 percent</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  5 to 10 percent</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  10 to 20 percent</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">   More than 20 percent</div> </figcaption></figure> As of 2011, 27.6% of Ohio's children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups.<a href="#cite_note-142">[136]</a> Approximately 6.2% of Ohio's population was under five years of age, 23.7% under 18 years of age, and 14.1% were 65 or older; females made up an estimated 51.2% of the population. According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2022 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 10,654 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> people in Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-143">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[138]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Ohio" title="Homelessness in Ohio">Homelessness in Ohio</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_data">Birth data</h3></div> Note: Births in table do not add up because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number. <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"> <caption>Live births by single race/ethnicity of mother </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Race</a> </th> <th>2013<a href="#cite_note-145">[139]</a> </th> <th>2014<a href="#cite_note-146">[140]</a> </th> <th>2015<a href="#cite_note-147">[141]</a> </th> <th>2016<a href="#cite_note-148">[142]</a> </th> <th>2017<a href="#cite_note-149">[143]</a> </th> <th>2018<a href="#cite_note-150">[144]</a> </th> <th>2019<a href="#cite_note-151">[145]</a> </th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-152">[146]</a> </th> <th>2021<a href="#cite_note-153">[147]</a> </th> <th>2022<a href="#cite_note-154">[148]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a> </td> <td>109,749 (79.0%) </td> <td>110,003 (78.9%) </td> <td>109,566 (78.7%) </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td></tr> <tr> <td>> <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic White</a> </td> <td>104,059 (74.9%) </td> <td>104,102 (74.6%) </td> <td>103,586 (74.4%) </td> <td>100,225 (72.6%) </td> <td>98,762 (72.1%) </td> <td>97,423 (72.1%) </td> <td>95,621 (71.1%) </td> <td>92,033 (71.2%) </td> <td>92,761 (71.5%) </td> <td>90,671 (70.7%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> </td> <td>24,952 (18.0%) </td> <td>24,931 (17.9%) </td> <td>25,078 (18.0%) </td> <td>22,337 (16.2%) </td> <td>22,431 (16.4%) </td> <td>22,201 (16.4%) </td> <td>22,555 (16.8%) </td> <td>21,447 (16.6%) </td> <td>20,748 (16.0%) </td> <td>20,380 (15.9%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td>3,915 (2.8%) </td> <td>4,232 (3.0%) </td> <td>4,367 (3.1%) </td> <td>4,311 (3.1%) </td> <td>4,380 (3.2%) </td> <td>4,285 (3.2%) </td> <td>4,374 (3.3%) </td> <td>3,995 (3.1%) </td> <td>3,862 (3.0%) </td> <td>3,923 (3.1%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a> </td> <td>320 (0.2%) </td> <td>301 (0.2%) </td> <td>253 (0.2%) </td> <td>128 (0.1%) </td> <td>177 (0.1%) </td> <td>169 (0.1%) </td> <td>204 (0.2%) </td> <td>102 (>0.1%) </td> <td>107 (>0.1%) </td> <td>204 (0.2%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> (of any race) </td> <td>6,504 (4.7%) </td> <td>6,884 (4.9%) </td> <td>6,974 (5.0%) </td> <td>7,420 (5.4%) </td> <td>7,468 (5.5%) </td> <td>7,432 (5.5%) </td> <td>7,725 (5.7%) </td> <td>7,669 (5.9%) </td> <td>8,228 (6.3%) </td> <td>9,062 (7.1%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total Ohio </td> <td>138,936 (100%) </td> <td>139,467 (100%) </td> <td>139,264 (100%) </td> <td>138,085 (100%) </td> <td>136,832 (100%) </td> <td>135,134 (100%) </td> <td>134,461 (100%) </td> <td>129,191 (100%) </td> <td>129,791 (100%) </td> <td>128,231 (100%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Since 2016, data for births of <a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic</a> origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_Ohio.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ethnic_Origins_in_Ohio.png/220px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Ohio.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ethnic_Origins_in_Ohio.png/330px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Ohio.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ethnic_Origins_in_Ohio.png/440px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Ohio.png 2x" data-file-width="4222" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in Ohio</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Ethnic composition as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race and ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-155">[149]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Alone </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">75.9% </td> <td align="left">75.9<div style="width:151.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td> <td align="right">79.9% </td> <td align="left">79.9<div style="width:159.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">12.3% </td> <td align="left">12.3<div style="width:24.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td> <td align="right">14.0% </td> <td align="left">14<div style="width:28px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[g]</a> </td> <td align="right">— </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">4.4% </td> <td align="left">4.4<div style="width:8.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td align="right">2.5% </td> <td align="left">2.5<div style="width:5px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td> <td align="right">3.1% </td> <td align="left">3.1<div style="width:6.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="left">0.2<div style="width:0.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td> <td align="right">1.7% </td> <td align="left">1.7<div style="width:3.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> </td> <td align="right">0.04% </td> <td align="left">0.04<div style="width:0.08px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="left">0.1<div style="width:0.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td> <td align="left">0.4<div style="width:0.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td> <td align="right">1.2% </td> <td align="left">1.2<div style="width:2.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"> <caption>Ohio historic racial breakdown of population </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Racial and ethnic composition</th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-157">[150]</a></th> <th>2000<a href="#cite_note-158">[151]</a></th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-159">[152]</a></th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-2020DP1-160">[153]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a></td> <td>87.8%</td> <td>85.0%</td> <td>82.7%</td> <td>77.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a></td> <td>10.6%</td> <td>11.5%</td> <td>12.2%</td> <td>12.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a></td> <td>0.8%</td> <td>1.2%</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td>2.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native</a></td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">other Pacific Islander</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Other race</a></td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>0.8%</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>1.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Two or more races</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>1.4%</td> <td>2.1%</td> <td>5.8% </td></tr></tbody></table> In 2010, there were 469,700 foreign-born residents in Ohio, corresponding to 4.1% of the total population. Of these, 229,049 (2.0%) were naturalized <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_United_States" title="Citizenship of the United States">U.S. citizens</a> and 240,699 (2.1%) were not.<a href="#cite_note-census1-14">[12]</a> The largest groups were:<a href="#cite_note-161">[154]</a> Mexico (54,166), India (50,256), China (34,901), Germany (19,219), Philippines (16,410), United Kingdom (15,917), Canada (14,223), Russia (11,763), South Korea (11,307), and Ukraine (10,681). Though predominantly white, Ohio has large black populations in all major metropolitan areas throughout the state, Ohio has a significant Hispanic population made up of Mexicans in Toledo and Columbus, and Puerto Ricans in Cleveland and Columbus, and also has a significant and diverse Asian population in Columbus. Ancestry groups (which the census defines as not including racial terms) in the state were:<a href="#cite_note-census1-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[155]</a> 26.5% <a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German</a>, 14.1% <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish</a>, 9.0% <a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English</a>, 6.4% <a href="/wiki/Italian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian American">Italian</a>, 3.8% <a href="/wiki/Polish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish American">Polish</a>, 2.5% <a href="/wiki/French_American" class="mw-redirect" title="French American">French</a>, 1.9% <a href="/wiki/Scottish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish American">Scottish</a>, 1.7% <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Ohioans" title="Hungarian Ohioans">Hungarian</a>, 1.6% <a href="/wiki/Dutch_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch American">Dutch</a>, 1.5% <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican</a>, 1.2% <a href="/wiki/Slovak_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak American">Slovak</a>, 1.1% <a href="/wiki/Welsh_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh American">Welsh</a>, and 1.1% <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch-Irish American">Scotch-Irish</a>. Ancestries claimed by less than 1% of the population include <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_African" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Saharan African">Sub-Saharan African</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Ricans in the United States">Puerto Rican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss American">Swiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish American">Swedish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab American">Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek American">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian American">Norwegian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian American">Romanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austrian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian American">Austrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian American">Lithuanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish American">Finnish</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="West Indian American">West Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese American">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovene_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene American">Slovene</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> About 6.7% of the population age 5 years and older reported speaking a language other than English, with 2.2% of the population speaking Spanish, 2.6% speaking other Indo-European languages, 1.1% speaking Asian and Austronesian languages, and 0.8% speaking other languages.<a href="#cite_note-census1-14">[12]</a> Numerically: 10,100,586 spoke <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English</a>, 239,229 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States" title="Spanish language in the United States">Spanish</a>, 55,970 <a href="/wiki/German_language_in_the_United_States" title="German language in the United States">German</a>, 38,990 <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language_in_the_United_States" title="Chinese language in the United States">Chinese</a>, 33,125 <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, and 32,019 <a href="/wiki/French_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="French in the United States">French</a>. In addition, 59,881 spoke a <a href="/wiki/Slavic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic language">Slavic language</a> and 42,673 spoke another <a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic language</a> according to the 2010 census.<a href="#cite_note-163">[156]</a> Ohio also had the nation's largest population of <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene speakers</a>, second largest of <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak speakers</a>, second largest of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch_language" title="Pennsylvania Dutch language">Pennsylvania Dutch (German) speakers</a>, and the third largest of <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian speakers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 524.21835811132px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 389.47428549299px; border-left-color:Teal"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Teal"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Teal"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 252.57116894473px; border-left-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:White"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:77.051324277579px 63.742398974869px 0 0; border-top-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 389.47428549299px 100px 0; border-right-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religious self-identification, per <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>'s 2021 American Values Survey<a href="#cite_note-Values_Atlas-165">[158]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism</a> (46%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholicism</a> (18%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Unaffiliated</a> (30%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in the United States">Judaism</a> (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hinduism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other (3%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amish_-_On_the_way_to_school_by_Gadjoboy-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Amish_-_On_the_way_to_school_by_Gadjoboy-crop.jpg/170px-Amish_-_On_the_way_to_school_by_Gadjoboy-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Amish_-_On_the_way_to_school_by_Gadjoboy-crop.jpg/255px-Amish_-_On_the_way_to_school_by_Gadjoboy-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Amish_-_On_the_way_to_school_by_Gadjoboy-crop.jpg/340px-Amish_-_On_the_way_to_school_by_Gadjoboy-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a> children on their way to school</figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>'s 2021 American Values Survey, 64% of Ohioans identified as <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a>. Specifically, 19% of Ohio's population identified as <a href="/wiki/Mainline_(Protestant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainline (Protestant)">Mainline Protestant</a>, 17% as <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical Protestant</a>, 7% as <a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Historically Black Protestant</a>, and 18% as <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>. Roughly 30% of the population were unaffiliated with any religious body. Small minorities of <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jews</a> (2%), <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindus</a> (1%), <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> (<1%), <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslims</a> (<1%), <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a> (<1%), <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormons</a> (<1%), and other faiths exist according to this study.<a href="#cite_note-Values_Atlas-165">[158]</a> Altogether, those identifying with a religion or spiritual tradition were 70% of the state's population. Per the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a>'s (ARDA) 2020 study, Christianity remained the predominant religion. <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Non-denominational Christianity</a>, numbering 1,411,863, were the largest Protestant cohort, although Catholicism remained the single-largest denomination with 1,820,233 adherents.<a href="#cite_note-166">[159]</a> According to the ARDA, in 2010 the largest Christian denominations by adherents were the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> with 1,992,567; the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> with 496,232; the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a> with 223,253, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> with 171,000, the Christian Churches and Churches of Christ with 141,311, the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a> with 118,000, and the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (USA)</a> with 110,000.<a href="#cite_note-www.thearda.com-167">[160]</a> With about 80,000 adherents in 2020, Ohio had the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_Amish_population" title="List of U.S. states by Amish population">second largest Amish population</a> of all U.S. states, only behind neighboring <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Elizabethtown_College,_the_Young_Center_for_Anabaptist_and_Pietist_Studies-168">[161]</a> According to a <a href="/wiki/Pew_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Forum">Pew Forum</a> poll in 2014, a majority of Ohioans, 56%, felt religion was "very important", 25% that it was "somewhat important", and 19% that religion was "not too important/not important at all". Among them, 38% of Ohioans indicate that they attend religious services at least once weekly, 32% occasionally, and 30% seldom or never.<a href="#cite_note-pew2014-169">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ohio" title="Economy of Ohio">Economy of Ohio</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ohio_locations_by_per_capita_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio locations by per capita income">Ohio locations by per capita income</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cincinnati-procter-and-gamble-headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cincinnati-procter-and-gamble-headquarters.jpg/170px-Cincinnati-procter-and-gamble-headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cincinnati-procter-and-gamble-headquarters.jpg/255px-Cincinnati-procter-and-gamble-headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cincinnati-procter-and-gamble-headquarters.jpg/340px-Cincinnati-procter-and-gamble-headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Cincinnati's <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a> is one of Ohio's largest companies in terms of revenue.</figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, the total number of people employed in 2016 was 4,790,178. The total number of unique employer establishments was 252,201, while the total number of non-employer establishments was 785,833.<a href="#cite_note-170">[163]</a> In 2010, Ohio was ranked second in the country for best business climate by Site Selection magazine, based on a business-activity database.<a href="#cite_note-171">[164]</a> The state has also won three consecutive Governor's Cup awards from the magazine, based on business growth and developments.<a href="#cite_note-172">[165]</a> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohio&action=edit">[update]</a>, Ohio's gross domestic product (GDP) was $626 billion.<a href="#cite_note-173">[166]</a> This ranks Ohio's economy as the seventh-largest among all 50 states and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><a href="#cite_note-DDOH-174">[167]</a> The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council ranked the state No. 10 for best business-friendly tax systems in their Business Tax Index 2009, including a top corporate tax and capital gains rate that were both ranked No. 6 at 1.9%.<a href="#cite_note-SMEC-175">[168]</a> Ohio was ranked No. 11 by the council for best friendly-policy states according to their Small Business Survival Index 2009.<a href="#cite_note-176">[169]</a> The Directorship's Boardroom Guide ranked the state No. 13 overall for best business climate, including No. 7 for best litigation climate.<a href="#cite_note-177">[170]</a> Forbes ranked the state No. 8 for best regulatory environment in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-178">[171]</a> Ohio has five of the top 115 colleges in the nation, according to <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>'s 2010 rankings,<a href="#cite_note-179">[172]</a> and was ranked No. 8 by the same magazine in 2008 for best high schools.<a href="#cite_note-180">[173]</a> Ohio's <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment rate">unemployment rate</a> stands at 4.5% as of February 2018,<a href="#cite_note-181">[174]</a> down from 10.7% in May 2010.<a href="#cite_note-182">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[176]</a> The state still lacks 45,000 jobs compared to the pre-<a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">recession</a> numbers of 2007.<a href="#cite_note-perkins-184">[177]</a> The labor force participation as of April 2015 is 63%, slightly above the national average.<a href="#cite_note-perkins-184">[177]</a> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohio&action=edit">[update]</a>, Ohio's per capita income was $60,402, ranking 38th in the U.S., and the state's <a href="/wiki/Median_household_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Median household income">median household income</a> was $65,720.<a href="#cite_note-r095-185">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-u858-186">[179]</a> Also in 2023, 13.4% of the population was living below the poverty line.<a href="#cite_note-187">[180]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Financial_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial industry">financial activities</a> sectors each compose 18.3% of Ohio's GDP, making them Ohio's largest industries by percentage of GDP.<a href="#cite_note-DDOH-174">[167]</a> Ohio has the third largest manufacturing workforce behind California and Texas.<a href="#cite_note-188">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[182]</a> Ohio has the largest bioscience sector in the Midwest, and is a national leader in the "green" economy. Ohio is the largest producer in the country of plastics, rubber, fabricated metals, electrical equipment, and appliances.<a href="#cite_note-190">[183]</a> 5,212,000 Ohioans are currently employed by wage or salary.<a href="#cite_note-DDOH-174">[167]</a> By employment, Ohio's largest sector is trade/transportation/utilities, which employs 1,010,000 Ohioans, or 19.4% of Ohio's workforce, while the <a href="/wiki/Health_care_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care industry">health care</a> and education sector employs 825,000 Ohioans (15.8%).<a href="#cite_note-DDOH-174">[167]</a> Government employs 787,000 Ohioans (15.1%), manufacturing employs 669,000 Ohioans (12.9%), and professional and technical services employs 638,000 Ohioans (12.2%).<a href="#cite_note-DDOH-174">[167]</a> Ohio's manufacturing sector is the third-largest of all fifty United States states in terms of gross domestic product.<a href="#cite_note-DDOH-174">[167]</a> Fifty-nine of the United States' top 1,000 publicly traded companies (by revenue in 2008) are headquartered in Ohio, including <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_%26_Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodyear Tire & Rubber">Goodyear Tire & Rubber</a>, <a href="/wiki/AK_Steel" title="AK Steel">AK Steel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timken_Company" title="Timken Company">Timken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch" title="Abercrombie & Fitch">Abercrombie & Fitch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wendy%27s" title="Wendy's">Wendy's</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CORPLIST-191">[184]</a> Ohio is also one of 41 states with its own lottery,<a href="#cite_note-LOTTO-192">[185]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Lottery" title="Ohio Lottery">Ohio Lottery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LOTTO2-193">[186]</a> As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohio&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Ohio Lottery has contributed more than $26 billion to education beginning in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-194">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Income_inequality" class="mw-redirect" title="Income inequality">Income inequality</a> in Ohio, both before and after taxes, has risen significantly since the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-195">[188]</a> Ohio's overall income grew in Ohio from 2009 to 2012, with an overall 7.1% increase in income growth. The top 1% had a 37.0% in income growth, while the bottom 99% grew their income by only 2.3%. The top 1% accounted for 71.9% of the overall shared income during this period.<a href="#cite_note-196">[189]</a> The burden of <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> falls disproportionately on lower-income <a href="/wiki/Tax_bracket" title="Tax bracket">tax brackets</a>. In 2018, the bottom 20% of earners contributed 12.3% of their income towards various taxes, while the top 1% only paid 6.5%.<a href="#cite_note-197">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/220px-Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/330px-Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/440px-Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4024" /></a><figcaption>With about 770,000 annual visitors, the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a> is among the most visited art museums in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-RecordAttendence-198">[191]</a></figcaption></figure> Ohio is home to 30 art institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Museum_of_Art" title="Columbus Museum of Art">Columbus Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Art_Museum" title="Cincinnati Art Museum">Cincinnati Art Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a>, and other entities. The full list includes: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron_Art_Museum" title="Akron Art Museum">Akron Art Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akron" class="mw-redirect" title="Akron">Akron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Memorial_Art_Museum" title="Allen Memorial Art Museum">Allen Memorial Art Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Ireland_Cartoon_Library_%26_Museum" title="Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum">Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burchfield_Homestead" title="Burchfield Homestead">Burchfield Homestead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Ohio" title="Salem, Ohio">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_Institute_of_American_Art" title="Butler Institute of American Art">Butler Institute of American Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_Museum_of_Art_(Ohio)" title="Canton Museum of Art (Ohio)">Canton Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Art_Museum" title="Cincinnati Art Museum">Cincinnati Art Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Museum_of_Art" title="Columbus Museum of Art">Columbus Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Arts_Center" title="Contemporary Arts Center">Contemporary Arts Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Art_Institute" title="Dayton Art Institute">Dayton Art Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Museum of Art">Frank Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otterbein_University" title="Otterbein University">Otterbein University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Glass_Company" title="Imperial Glass Company">National Imperial Glass Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bellaire,_Ohio" title="Bellaire, Ohio">Bellaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy Museum of Art">Kennedy Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_University" title="Ohio University">Ohio University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltz_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Maltz Performing Arts Center">Temple Museum of Religious Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_Art_Center" title="Mansfield Art Center">Mansfield Art Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mansfield,_Ohio" title="Mansfield, Ohio">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonough_Museum_of_Art" title="McDonough Museum of Art">McDonough Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_University" title="Youngstown State University">Youngstown State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_University_Art_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami University Art Museum">Miami University Art Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami_University" title="Miami University">Miami University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Ceramics_(East_Liverpool,_Ohio)" title="Museum of Ceramics (East Liverpool, Ohio)">Museum of Ceramics</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Liverpool,_Ohio" title="East Liverpool, Ohio">East Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_Cleveland" title="Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland">Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Ohio#Ohio_Glass_Museum" title="Lancaster, Ohio">Ohio Glass Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Ohio" title="Lancaster, Ohio">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ross_Museum_of_Art" title="Richard Ross Museum of Art">Richard Ross Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Wesleyan_University" title="Ohio Wesleyan University">Ohio Wesleyan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Center_for_the_Arts_at_Wittenberg_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Center for the Arts at Wittenberg University">Springfield Center for the Arts at Wittenberg University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wittenberg_University" title="Wittenberg University">Wittenberg University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taft_Museum_of_Art" title="Taft Museum of Art">Taft Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_Museum_of_Art" title="Toledo Museum of Art">Toledo Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_and_Plastic_Brick_Museum" title="Toy and Plastic Brick Museum">Toy and Plastic Brick Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bellaire,_Ohio" title="Bellaire, Ohio">Bellaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Findlay%27s_Mazza_Museum" title="University of Findlay's Mazza Museum">University of Findlay's Mazza Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Findlay" title="University of Findlay">University of Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wexner_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Wexner Center for the Arts">Wexner Center for the Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitby_Mansion" title="Whitby Mansion">Whitby Mansion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidney,_Ohio" title="Sidney, Ohio">Sidney</a></li></ul> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Art_Museum" title="Cincinnati Art Museum">Cincinnati Art Museum</a> holds over 100,000 works spanning 6,000 years of human history, being among the most comprehensive collections in the <a href="/wiki/Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest">Midwest</a>. Among its notable collections are works by Master of San Baudelio, Jorge Ingles, <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli" title="Sandro Botticelli">Sandro Botticelli</a> (Judith with Head of Holofernes), <a href="/wiki/Matteo_di_Giovanni" title="Matteo di Giovanni">Matteo di Giovanni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Tintoretto" title="Domenico Tintoretto">Domenico Tintoretto</a> (Portrait of Venetian dux Marino Grimani), <a href="/wiki/Mattia_Preti" title="Mattia Preti">Mattia Preti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Strozzi" title="Bernardo Strozzi">Bernardo Strozzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frans_Hals" title="Frans Hals">Frans Hals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo" title="Bartolomé Esteban Murillo">Bartolomé Esteban Murillo</a> (St. Thomas of Villanueva), <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samson_and_Delilah_(Rubens)" title="Samson and Delilah (Rubens)">Samson and Delilah</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Aert_van_der_Neer" title="Aert van der Neer">Aert van der Neer</a>. The collection also includes works by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot" title="Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot">Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a> (Rocks At Belle Isle), and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>. The museum also has a large collection of paintings by American painter <a href="/wiki/Frank_Duveneck" title="Frank Duveneck">Frank Duveneck</a> (Elizabeth B. Duveneck). The <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a> is internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of <a href="/wiki/Asian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian art">Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Art of ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a> art, and has a permanent collection of more than 61,000 works from around the world.<a href="#cite_note-cmageneralinformation-199">[192]</a> It is the fourth-wealthiest art museum in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newdirector2014-200">[193]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Museum_of_Art" title="Columbus Museum of Art">Columbus Museum of Art</a> holds nineteenth and early twentieth-century American and European art, including early <a href="/wiki/Cubist" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubist">Cubist</a> paintings by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a>, works by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher" title="François Boucher">François Boucher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres">Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Edgar Degas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Edward Hopper</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a>, and installations by <a href="/wiki/Mel_Chin" title="Mel Chin">Mel Chin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josiah_McElheny" title="Josiah McElheny">Josiah McElheny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Philipsz" title="Susan Philipsz">Susan Philipsz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allan_Sekula" title="Allan Sekula">Allan Sekula</a>. Also in Columbus, the <a href="/wiki/Billy_Ireland_Cartoon_Library_%26_Museum" title="Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum">Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum</a> collection includes 450,000 original cartoons, 36,000 books, 51,000 serial titles, and 3,000 feet (910 m) of manuscript materials, plus 2.5 million comic strip clippings and tear sheets, making it the largest research library for cartoon art. Youngstown's <a href="/wiki/Butler_Institute_of_American_Art" title="Butler Institute of American Art">Butler Institute of American Art</a> was the first museum dedicated exclusively to <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual arts of the United States">American art</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vindy-yo-12-29-27-201">[194]</a> <a href="/wiki/Playhouse_Square" title="Playhouse Square">Playhouse Square</a> in downtown <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a> is the nation's second-largest performing arts center, home to ten theaters.<a href="#cite_note-202">[195]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Association_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Columbus Association for the Performing Arts">Columbus Association for the Performing Arts</a> manages seven historic Columbus area theaters.<a href="#cite_note-bfoc-203">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Ohio" title="Cuisine of Ohio">Cuisine of Ohio</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_cheese_coneys_from_Skyline_Chili.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Three_cheese_coneys_from_Skyline_Chili.jpg/220px-Three_cheese_coneys_from_Skyline_Chili.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Three_cheese_coneys_from_Skyline_Chili.jpg/330px-Three_cheese_coneys_from_Skyline_Chili.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Three_cheese_coneys_from_Skyline_Chili.jpg/440px-Three_cheese_coneys_from_Skyline_Chili.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2890" data-file-height="2168" /></a><figcaption>Cheese <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_hot_dog" title="Coney Island hot dog">coneys</a> containing <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_chili" title="Cincinnati chili">Cincinnati chili</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Buckeye_candy" class="mw-redirect" title="Buckeye candy">Buckeye candy</a> is a local specialty, popular in the state of Ohio. The <a href="/wiki/Confection" class="mw-redirect" title="Confection">confection</a> is a variation of standard <a href="/wiki/Peanut_butter_cup" title="Peanut butter cup">peanut butter cups</a> known as a '<a href="/wiki/Buckeye_candy" class="mw-redirect" title="Buckeye candy">Buckeye</a>'. Coated in chocolate, with a partially exposed center of peanut butter fudge, the candy resembles the appearance of the nut that grows on the <a href="/wiki/Aesculus_glabra" title="Aesculus glabra">state tree</a>, commonly known as the buckeye. <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_chili" title="Cincinnati chili">Cincinnati-style chili</a> is a Greek-inspired meat sauce, (ground beef seasoned with cinnamon, nutmeg, allspice, cloves, bay leaf, cumin, chili powder, and in some home recipes, chocolate), used as a topping for spaghetti or hot dogs. Additionally, red beans, chopped onions, and shredded cheese are offered as extra toppings referred to as "ways."<a href="#cite_note-204">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ohio" title="Music of Ohio">Music of Ohio</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HOF-Guitars_-_Guitars_outside_the_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/HOF-Guitars_-_Guitars_outside_the_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame.jpg/220px-HOF-Guitars_-_Guitars_outside_the_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/HOF-Guitars_-_Guitars_outside_the_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame.jpg/330px-HOF-Guitars_-_Guitars_outside_the_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/HOF-Guitars_-_Guitars_outside_the_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame.jpg/440px-HOF-Guitars_-_Guitars_outside_the_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2945" data-file-height="1808" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> in Cleveland</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_Blues_Music_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame">Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame</a> are both located in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>. Cleveland <a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">disc jockey</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Freed" title="Alan Freed">Alan Freed</a> is credited with coining the term and promoting <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> in the early 1950s. <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/American_Classical_Music_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="American Classical Music Hall of Fame and Museum">American Classical Music Hall of Fame and Museum</a>. Six Ohio musicians are Rock and Roll Hall of Fame members, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Grohl" title="Dave Grohl">Dave Grohl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foo_Fighters" title="Foo Fighters">Foo Fighters</a>), <a href="/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">the Isley Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nine_Inch_Nails" title="Nine Inch Nails">Nine Inch Nails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Womack" title="Bobby Womack">Bobby Womack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Orr" title="Benjamin Orr">Benjamin Orr</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Cars" title="The Cars">The Cars</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Chrissie_Hynde" title="Chrissie Hynde">Chrissie Hynde</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Pretenders" title="The Pretenders">The Pretenders</a>). Also inducted was disk jockey <a href="/wiki/Alan_Freed" title="Alan Freed">Alan Freed</a>. Other popular musicians from Ohio include <a href="/wiki/Mamie_Smith" title="Mamie Smith">Mamie Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Joseph" title="Tyler Joseph">Tyler Joseph</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Dun" title="Josh Dun">Josh Dun</a> of <a href="/wiki/Twenty_One_Pilots" title="Twenty One Pilots">Twenty One Pilots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Yankovic" title="Frankie Yankovic">Frankie Yankovic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_McGuire_Sisters" title="The McGuire Sisters">the McGuire Sisters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hewett" title="Howard Hewett">Howard Hewett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Murdock" title="Shirley Murdock">Shirley Murdock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boz_Scaggs" title="Boz Scaggs">Boz Scaggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Legend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Manson" title="Marilyn Manson">Marilyn Manson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starset" title="Starset">Starset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Auerbach" title="Dan Auerbach">Dan Auerbach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Carney" title="Patrick Carney">Patrick Carney</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Keys" title="The Black Keys">the Black Keys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Griffin_Layne" title="Griffin Layne">Griffin Layne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Dolce" title="Joe Dolce">Joe Dolce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kid_Cudi" title="Kid Cudi">Kid Cudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_%22Bootsy%22_Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="William "Bootsy" Collins">William "Bootsy" Collins</a>, Stephanie Eulinberg of <a href="/wiki/Kid_Rock" title="Kid Rock">Kid Rock</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Twisted_Brown_Trucker" title="Twisted Brown Trucker">Twisted Brown Trucker</a> Band, and <a href="/wiki/Devo" title="Devo">Devo</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Orchestra" title="Cleveland Orchestra">Cleveland Orchestra</a> is one of the historic <a href="/wiki/Big_Five_(orchestras)" title="Big Five (orchestras)">Big Five orchestras</a> in the U.S. and considered among the best worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-205">[198]</a> Many other Ohio cities are home to their own orchestras, including <a href="/wiki/Akron_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Akron Symphony Orchestra">Akron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ash_Montgomery_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Blue Ash Montgomery Symphony Orchestra">Blue Ash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Canton Symphony Orchestra">Canton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra">Cincinnati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Columbus Symphony Orchestra">Columbus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Dayton Philharmonic Orchestra">Dayton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toledo_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Toledo Symphony Orchestra">Toledo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Youngstown Symphony Orchestra">Youngstown</a>. Cincinnati is home to its own <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Ballet" title="Cincinnati Ballet">ballet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra">symphony orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Pops_Orchestra" title="Cincinnati Pops Orchestra">pops orchestra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Opera" title="Cincinnati Opera">opera</a>, all housed at the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Music_Hall" title="Cincinnati Music Hall">Cincinnati Music Hall</a>. Dayton is also home to a ballet, orchestra, and opera, collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Performing_Arts_Alliance" title="Dayton Performing Arts Alliance">Dayton Performing Arts Alliance</a>. Within the marching arts, <a href="/wiki/Winter_Guard_International" title="Winter Guard International">Winter Guard International</a> has hosted national championships in performing arts at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dayton" title="University of Dayton">University of Dayton</a> 18 times between 1983 and 2003, and has permanently since 2005. The <a href="/wiki/Bluecoats_Drum_and_Bugle_Corps" title="Bluecoats Drum and Bugle Corps">Bluecoats Drum and Bugle Corps</a> are Ohio's highest fielding <a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bugle_corps_(modern)" title="Drum and bugle corps (modern)">drum corps</a>, competing in the <a href="/wiki/Drum_Corps_International" title="Drum Corps International">Drum Corps International</a> World Class circuit out of <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Ohio" title="Sports in Ohio">Sports in Ohio</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Professional_sports">Professional sports</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10Cincinnati_2015_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/10Cincinnati_2015_%282%29.jpg/220px-10Cincinnati_2015_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/10Cincinnati_2015_%282%29.jpg/330px-10Cincinnati_2015_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/10Cincinnati_2015_%282%29.jpg/440px-10Cincinnati_2015_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Ball_Park" title="Great American Ball Park">Great American Ball Park</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a> baseball team</figcaption></figure> Ohio is home to eight professional sports teams across the five different <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">major leagues</a> in the United States. Current teams include the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Guardians" title="Cleveland Guardians">Cleveland Guardians</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>,<a href="#cite_note-206">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[200]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Crew" title="Columbus Crew">Columbus Crew</a> and <a href="/wiki/FC_Cincinnati" title="FC Cincinnati">FC Cincinnati</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-208">[201]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Cavaliers" title="Cleveland Cavaliers">Cleveland Cavaliers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a>,<a href="#cite_note-209">[202]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Bengals" title="Cincinnati Bengals">Cincinnati Bengals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Browns" title="Cleveland Browns">Cleveland Browns</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NFL-210">[203]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Blue_Jackets" title="Columbus Blue Jackets">Columbus Blue Jackets</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[204]</a> Ohio has brought home seven <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> titles (Reds 1919, 1940, 1975, 1976, 1990; Indians 1920, 1948), three <a href="/wiki/MLS_Cup" title="MLS Cup">MLS Cups</a> (Crew <a href="/wiki/MLS_Cup_2008" title="MLS Cup 2008">2008</a>, <a href="/wiki/MLS_Cup_2020" title="MLS Cup 2020">2020</a>, <a href="/wiki/MLS_Cup_2023" title="MLS Cup 2023">2023</a>), one <a href="/wiki/NBA_Finals" title="NBA Finals">NBA Championship</a> (Cavaliers 2016), and nine <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Football_League_championship" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the National Football League championship">NFL Championships</a> (<a href="/wiki/1920_Akron_Pros_season" title="1920 Akron Pros season">Pros 1920</a>; <a href="/wiki/1922_Canton_Bulldogs_season" title="1922 Canton Bulldogs season">Bulldogs 1922</a>, <a href="/wiki/1923_Canton_Bulldogs_season" title="1923 Canton Bulldogs season">1923</a>, <a href="/wiki/1924_Cleveland_Bulldogs_season" title="1924 Cleveland Bulldogs season">1924</a>; <a href="/wiki/1945_NFL_Championship_Game" title="1945 NFL Championship Game">Rams 1945</a>; Browns <a href="/wiki/1950_NFL_Championship_Game" title="1950 NFL Championship Game">1950</a>, <a href="/wiki/1954_NFL_Championship_Game" title="1954 NFL Championship Game">1954</a>, <a href="/wiki/1955_NFL_Championship_Game" title="1955 NFL Championship Game">1955</a>, <a href="/wiki/1964_NFL_Championship_Game" title="1964 NFL Championship Game">1964</a>). Despite this success in the <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> in the first half of the 20th century, no Ohio team has won the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> since its inception in <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_I" title="Super Bowl I">1967</a>. No Ohio team has made an appearance in the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="Stanley Cup Finals">Stanley Cup Finals</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame_(23945852607).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame_%2823945852607%29.jpg/220px-Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame_%2823945852607%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame_%2823945852607%29.jpg/330px-Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame_%2823945852607%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame_%2823945852607%29.jpg/440px-Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame_%2823945852607%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4011" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pro Football Hall of Fame">Pro Football Hall of Fame</a> in Canton</figcaption></figure> Ohio played a central role in the development of both Major League Baseball and the National Football League. Baseball's first fully professional team, the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Red_Stockings" title="Cincinnati Red Stockings">Cincinnati Red Stockings</a> of 1869, were organized in Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-212">[205]</a> An informal early-20th-century American football association, the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_League" title="Ohio League">Ohio League</a>, was the direct predecessor of the modern NFL, although neither of Ohio's modern NFL franchises trace their roots to an Ohio League club. The NFL itself was founded in <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton</a> in 1920 as the American Professional Football Conference.<a href="#cite_note-profootballhof.com-78">[72]</a> The first official game occurred on October 3, 1920, when the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Triangles" title="Dayton Triangles">Dayton Triangles</a> beat the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Panhandles" title="Columbus Panhandles">Columbus Panhandles</a> 14–0 in Dayton.<a href="#cite_note-daytonlocal.com-79">[73]</a> Canton was enshrined as the home of the <a href="/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pro Football Hall of Fame">Pro Football Hall of Fame</a> in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-Akron-Canton_Football_Heritage-80">[74]</a> On a smaller scale, Ohio hosts <a href="/wiki/Minor_league_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor league baseball">minor league baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">arena football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indoor_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor American football">indoor football</a>, mid-level hockey, and lower division soccer. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Individual_sports">Individual sports</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/Mid-Ohio_Sports_Car_Course" title="Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course">Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course</a> has hosted several auto racing championships, including <a href="/wiki/CART_World_Series" title="CART World Series">CART World Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/IndyCar_Series" title="IndyCar Series">IndyCar Series</a>, NASCAR <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationwide Series">Nationwide Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Can-Am" title="Can-Am">Can-Am</a>, <a href="/wiki/Formula_5000" title="Formula 5000">Formula 5000</a>, <a href="/wiki/IMSA_GT_Championship" title="IMSA GT Championship">IMSA GT Championship</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Le_Mans_Series" title="American Le Mans Series">American Le Mans Series</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolex_Sports_Car_Series" title="Rolex Sports Car Series">Rolex Sports Car Series</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_of_Cleveland" title="Grand Prix of Cleveland">Grand Prix of Cleveland</a> also hosted CART races from 1982 to 2007. The <a href="/wiki/Eldora_Speedway" title="Eldora Speedway">Eldora Speedway</a> is a major dirt oval that hosts NASCAR <a href="/wiki/Camping_World_Truck_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Camping World Truck Series">Camping World Truck Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_of_Outlaws" title="World of Outlaws">World of Outlaws</a> Sprint Cars and <a href="/wiki/USAC_Silver_Crown_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="USAC Silver Crown Series">USAC Silver Crown Series</a> races. Ohio hosts two <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour" title="PGA Tour">PGA Tour</a> events, the <a href="/wiki/WGC-Bridgestone_Invitational" class="mw-redirect" title="WGC-Bridgestone Invitational">WGC-Bridgestone Invitational</a> and <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Tournament" title="Memorial Tournament">Memorial Tournament</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Open" title="Cincinnati Open">Cincinnati Open</a> is an <a href="/wiki/ATP_World_Tour_Masters_1000" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP World Tour Masters 1000">ATP World Tour Masters 1000</a> and <a href="/wiki/WTA_1000_tournaments" title="WTA 1000 tournaments">WTA 1000</a> tennis tournament. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="College_sports">College sports</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_college_athletic_programs_in_Ohio" title="List of college athletic programs in Ohio">List of college athletic programs in Ohio</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ohio_Stadium,_Columbus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ohio_Stadium%2C_Columbus.jpg/220px-Ohio_Stadium%2C_Columbus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ohio_Stadium%2C_Columbus.jpg/330px-Ohio_Stadium%2C_Columbus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ohio_Stadium%2C_Columbus.jpg/440px-Ohio_Stadium%2C_Columbus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="1332" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Stadium" title="Ohio Stadium">Ohio Stadium</a> in Columbus, home to the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes_football" title="Ohio State Buckeyes football">Ohio State Buckeyes football</a> team, is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_by_capacity" title="List of stadiums by capacity">fifth-largest stadium</a> in the world.</figcaption></figure> Ohio has eight <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Bowl_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision">NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision</a> college football teams, divided among three different <a href="/wiki/List_of_NCAA_conferences" title="List of NCAA conferences">conferences</a>. It has also experienced considerable success in the secondary and tertiary tiers of college football divisions. There are two programs in the <a href="/wiki/Power_Four_conferences" class="mw-redirect" title="Power Four conferences">Power Five conferences</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes" title="Ohio State Buckeyes">Ohio State Buckeyes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference" title="Big Ten Conference">Big Ten Conference</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Bearcats" title="Cincinnati Bearcats">Cincinnati Bearcats</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12 Conference</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes_football" title="Ohio State Buckeyes football">Ohio State Buckeyes football</a> team is second in all-time winning percentage, with a 931–327–53 overall record and a 28–29 <a href="/wiki/Bowl_game" title="Bowl game">bowl record</a> as of <a href="/wiki/2023_Ohio_State_Buckeyes_football_team" title="2023 Ohio State Buckeyes football team">2023</a>. The program has produced seven <a href="/wiki/Heisman_Trophy" title="Heisman Trophy">Heisman Trophy</a> winners, forty conference titles, and eight undisputed national championships. The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes_men%27s_basketball" title="Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball">men's basketball</a> program has appeared in the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament">NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament</a> 27 times. The <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Bearcats_men%27s_basketball" title="Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball">Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball</a> team has over 1,800 wins and 33 <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament">March Madness</a> appearances, whilst the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Bearcats_football" title="Cincinnati Bearcats football">Bearcats football</a> team became the first <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Five_conferences" title="Group of Five conferences">so-called "Group of Five"</a> team to qualify to the <a href="/wiki/College_Football_Playoff" title="College Football Playoff">College Football Playoff</a> in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-213">[206]</a> In the Group of Five conferences, six teams are represented in the <a href="/wiki/Mid-American_Conference" title="Mid-American Conference">Mid-American Conference</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Akron_Zips" title="Akron Zips">Akron Zips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_Falcons" title="Bowling Green Falcons">Bowling Green Falcons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_Golden_Flashes" title="Kent State Golden Flashes">Kent State Golden Flashes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami_RedHawks" title="Miami RedHawks">Miami RedHawks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Bobcats" title="Ohio Bobcats">Ohio Bobcats</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Toledo_Rockets" title="Toledo Rockets">Toledo Rockets</a>. The MAC headquarters are in Cleveland. The <a href="/wiki/Victory_Bell_(Cincinnati%E2%80%93Miami)" title="Victory Bell (Cincinnati–Miami)">Cincinnati–Miami</a> rivalry game has been played in southwest Ohio every year since 1888 and is the oldest current non-conference <a href="/wiki/NCAA_football" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA football">NCAA football</a> rivalry. Other Division I schools, either part of the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision">NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision</a> or not fielding in football include the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_State_Vikings" title="Cleveland State Vikings">Cleveland State Vikings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Musketeers" title="Xavier Musketeers">Xavier Musketeers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wright_State_Raiders" title="Wright State Raiders">Wright State Raiders</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_Penguins" title="Youngstown State Penguins">Youngstown State Penguins</a>. Xavier's <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Musketeers_men%27s_basketball" title="Xavier Musketeers men's basketball">men's basketball</a> has performed particularly well, with 27 <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament">March Madness</a> appearances. Youngstown State's <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_Penguins_football" title="Youngstown State Penguins football">football</a> has the third most <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship" title="NCAA Division I Football Championship">NCAA Division I Football Championship</a> wins, with 3. There are 12 <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II" title="NCAA Division II">NCAA Division II</a> universities and 22 <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III">NCAA Division III</a> universities in Ohio. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_government">State government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ohio" title="Government of Ohio">Government of Ohio</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ohio_Statehouse_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ohio_Statehouse_exterior.jpg/220px-Ohio_Statehouse_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ohio_Statehouse_exterior.jpg/330px-Ohio_Statehouse_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ohio_Statehouse_exterior.jpg/440px-Ohio_Statehouse_exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4869" data-file-height="3052" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Statehouse" title="Ohio Statehouse">Ohio Statehouse</a> in Columbus, home to the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">Ohio General Assembly</a></figcaption></figure> The state government of Ohio consists of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.<a href="#cite_note-CO-214">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[209]</a> The executive branch is headed by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Ohio">governor of Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CO-214">[207]</a> The current governor is <a href="/wiki/Mike_DeWine" title="Mike DeWine">Mike DeWine</a> since 2019, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GOV-217">[210]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ohio" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ohio">lieutenant governor</a> succeeds the governor in the event of any removal from office, and performs any duties assigned by the governor.<a href="#cite_note-218">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[212]</a> The current lieutenant governor is <a href="/wiki/Jon_Husted" title="Jon Husted">Jon Husted</a>. The other elected constitutional offices in the executive branch are the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Secretary_of_State" title="Ohio Secretary of State">secretary of state</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frank_LaRose" title="Frank LaRose">Frank LaRose</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Auditor" title="Ohio State Auditor">auditor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keith_Faber" title="Keith Faber">Keith Faber</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Treasurer" title="Ohio State Treasurer">treasurer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Robert_Sprague" title="Robert Sprague">Robert Sprague</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Attorney_General" title="Ohio Attorney General">attorney general</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dave_Yost" title="Dave Yost">Dave Yost</a>).<a href="#cite_note-CO-214">[207]</a> There are 21 state administrative departments in the executive branch.<a href="#cite_note-220">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[214]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">Ohio General Assembly</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> legislature consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Senate" title="Ohio Senate">Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[215]</a> The Senate is composed of 33 districts, each of which is represented by one senator. Each senator represents approximately 330,000 <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">constituents</a>.<a href="#cite_note-223">[216]</a> The House of Representatives has 99 members.<a href="#cite_note-224">[217]</a> The Republican Party is the majority party in both houses as of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Ohio_elections" title="2022 Ohio elections">2022 election cycle</a>. In order to be enacted into law, a bill must be adopted by both houses of the General Assembly and signed by the governor. If the governor vetoes a bill, the General Assembly can override the veto with a three-fifths supermajority of both houses. A bill will also become a law if the governor fails to sign or veto it within 10 days of its being presented. The <a href="/wiki/Session_laws" title="Session laws">session laws</a> are published in the official <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ohio" title="Law of Ohio">Law of Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPutnamSchaefgen199731–32-225">[218]</a> These in turn have been <a href="/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law)">codified</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Revised_Code" title="Ohio Revised Code">Ohio Revised Code</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPutnamSchaefgen199765–66-226">[219]</a> The General Assembly, with the approval of the governor, draws the U.S. congressional district lines for Ohio's 16 seats in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Apportionment_Board" title="Ohio Apportionment Board">Ohio Apportionment Board</a> draws state legislative district lines in Ohio. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ohio_State_Office_Building_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ohio_State_Office_Building_2.jpg/220px-Ohio_State_Office_Building_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ohio_State_Office_Building_2.jpg/330px-Ohio_State_Office_Building_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ohio_State_Office_Building_2.jpg/440px-Ohio_State_Office_Building_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Moyer_Ohio_Judicial_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas J. Moyer Ohio Judicial Center">Thomas J. Moyer Ohio Judicial Center</a> holds the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ohio" title="Supreme Court of Ohio">Supreme Court of Ohio</a>.</figcaption></figure> There are three levels of the Ohio state <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a>. The lowest is the court of common pleas: each county maintains its own constitutionally mandated court of common pleas, which maintain jurisdiction over "all justiciable matters".<a href="#cite_note-District-227">[220]</a> The intermediate-level court system is the district court system.<a href="#cite_note-228">[221]</a> Twelve courts of appeals exist, each retaining jurisdiction over appeals from common pleas, municipal, and county courts in a set geographical area.<a href="#cite_note-District-227">[220]</a> A case heard in this system is decided by a three-judge panel, and each judge is elected.<a href="#cite_note-District-227">[220]</a> The state's highest-ranking court is the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Supreme Court">Ohio Supreme Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SCOO-229">[222]</a> A seven-justice panel composes the court, which, by its own <a href="/wiki/Certiorari#State_courts" title="Certiorari">discretion</a>, hears appeals from the courts of appeals, and retains original jurisdiction over limited matters.<a href="#cite_note-230">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Ohio" title="List of counties in Ohio">List of counties in Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ohio" title="List of municipalities in Ohio">List of municipalities in Ohio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_townships_in_Ohio" title="List of townships in Ohio">List of townships in Ohio</a></div> There are also several levels of local government in Ohio: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Ohio" title="List of counties in Ohio">counties</a>, municipalities (<a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Ohio">cities</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of villages in Ohio">villages</a>), <a href="/wiki/List_of_townships_in_Ohio" title="List of townships in Ohio">townships</a>, special districts, and school districts. Ohio is divided into 88 counties.<a href="#cite_note-231">[224]</a> Ohio law defines a structure for county government, although they may adopt charters for home rule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus2007235-232">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPutnamSchaefgen1997[httpsarchiveorgdetailsohiolegalresearc0000putnpage106_106]–114-233">[226]</a> <a href="/wiki/Summit_County,_Ohio" title="Summit County, Ohio">Summit County</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus2007235-232">[225]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_County,_Ohio" title="Cuyahoga County, Ohio">Cuyahoga County</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[227]</a> have chosen an alternate form of government. The other counties have a government with a three-member board of county commissioners,<a href="#cite_note-235">[228]</a> a sheriff,<a href="#cite_note-236">[229]</a> coroner,<a href="#cite_note-237">[230]</a> auditor,<a href="#cite_note-238">[231]</a> treasurer,<a href="#cite_note-239">[232]</a> clerk of the court of common pleas<a href="#cite_note-240">[233]</a> prosecutor,<a href="#cite_note-241">[234]</a> engineer,<a href="#cite_note-242">[235]</a> and recorder.<a href="#cite_note-243">[236]</a> There are two kinds of incorporated municipalities, 251 cities and 681 villages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus2007235-232">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ohio_Secretary_of_State-244">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[238]</a> If a municipality has five thousand or more residents as of the last <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">United States Census</a> it is a city, otherwise it is a village.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus2007235-232">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[239]</a> Municipalities have full home rule powers, may adopt a charter, ordinances and resolutions for self-government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPutnamSchaefgen1997106–114-247">[240]</a> Each municipality chooses its own form of government, but most have elected mayors and city councils or city commissions. City governments provide much more extensive services than county governments, such as police forces and paid (as opposed to volunteer) fire departments. The entire area of the state is encompassed by townships.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus2007235-232">[225]</a> When the boundaries of a township are coterminous with the boundaries of a city or village, the township ceases to exist as a separate government (called a <a href="/wiki/Paper_township" title="Paper township">paper township</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus2007235-232">[225]</a> Townships are governed by a three-member board of township trustees.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus2007235-232">[225]</a> Townships may have limited home rule powers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPutnamSchaefgen1997110–111-248">[241]</a> There are more than 600 city, local, and exempted village school districts providing K-12 education in Ohio, as well as about four dozen joint vocation school districts, which are separate from the K-12 districts. Each city school district, local school district, or exempted village school district is governed by an elected board of education.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus2007235-232">[225]</a> A school district previously under state supervision (municipal school district) may be governed by a board whose members either are elected or appointed by the mayor of the municipality containing the greatest portion of the district's area.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus2007235-232">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ohio" title="Politics of Ohio">Politics of Ohio</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ohio" title="Elections in Ohio">Elections in Ohio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Ohio" title="Political party strength in Ohio">Political party strength in Ohio</a></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Party affiliation as of May 2024<a href="#cite_note-249">[242]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Registered voters </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_voter" title="Independent voter">Unaffiliated</a> </td> <td align="center">5,734,850 </td> <td align="center">71.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td align="center">1,508,641 </td> <td align="center">18.72% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td align="center">817,063 </td> <td align="center">10.13% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th align="center">8,060,554 </th> <th align="center">100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ohio_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ohio_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg/220px-Ohio_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ohio_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg/330px-Ohio_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ohio_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg/440px-Ohio_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="2024 United States presidential election in Ohio">2024 U.S. presidential election results</a> by county in Ohio <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Democratic</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Republican</div></figcaption></figure> Historian <a href="/wiki/R._Douglas_Hurt" title="R. Douglas Hurt">R. Douglas Hurt</a> asserts that not since <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Virginia" title="Politics of Virginia">Virginia</a> "had a state made such a mark on national political affairs" as Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-holli162-250">[243]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> notes that "This slice of the mid-west contains a bit of everything American—part north-eastern and part southern, part urban and part rural, part hardscrabble poverty and part booming suburb".<a href="#cite_note-251">[244]</a> Ohio is considered a moderately <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>-leaning state politically.<a href="#cite_note-:2-98">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-253">[246]</a> It had been a <a href="/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">swing state</a> in the late 20th and early 21st centuries; this status was called into question after the state voted for Republican <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> at larger margins than the nation as a whole in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="2016 United States presidential election in Ohio">2016</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="2020 United States presidential election in Ohio">2020</a> and <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="2024 United States presidential election in Ohio">2024 presidential elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[248]</a> It has also been considered a <a href="/wiki/Bellwether" title="Bellwether">bellwether</a> state.<a href="#cite_note-256">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[250]</a> Since <a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a>, Ohio has had only three misses in the general election (<a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1944 United States presidential election in Ohio">1944</a>, <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1960 United States presidential election in Ohio">1960</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="2020 United States presidential election in Ohio">2020</a>) and had the longest perfect streak of any state, voting for the winning presidential candidate in each election from <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a> to <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a> and in 34 of the 39 held since the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. No Republican has ever won the presidency without winning Ohio. As of 2024, there are more than 8 million registered Ohioan voters, of which over 70% are not affiliated with any political party. They are disproportionate in age, with a million more over 65 than there are 18- to 24-year-olds.<a href="#cite_note-258">[251]</a> Since the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_elections" title="2010 United States elections">2010 midterm elections</a>, Ohio's voter demographic has leaned towards the Republican Party.<a href="#cite_note-259">[252]</a> The governor, <a href="/wiki/Mike_DeWine" title="Mike DeWine">Mike DeWine</a>, is Republican, as are all other non-judicial statewide elected officials. In the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio State Senate">Ohio State Senate</a> the Republicans are the majority, 25–8, and in the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives">Ohio House of Representatives</a> the Republicans control the delegation 64–35. Following the 2020 census, Ohio has 15 seats in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[253]</a> As of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Ohio_elections" title="2022 Ohio elections">2022 election cycle</a>, ten federal representatives are Republicans while five are Democrats. <a href="/wiki/Marcy_Kaptur" title="Marcy Kaptur">Marcy Kaptur</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/Ohio%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Ohio's 9th congressional district">09</a>) is the most senior member of the Ohio delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives.<a href="#cite_note-261">[254]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">senior U.S. senator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherrod_Brown" title="Sherrod Brown">Sherrod Brown</a>, is a Democrat, while the junior, <a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">JD Vance</a>, is a Republican.<a href="#cite_note-elections.nytimes.com-262">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Mother_of_presidents"">"Mother of presidents"</h3></div> Six U.S. presidents hailed from Ohio at the time of their elections, giving rise to its nickname "mother of presidents", a sobriquet it shares with <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>. It is also termed "modern mother of presidents", in contrast to Virginia's status as the origin of presidents earlier in American history. Virginia-born <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> lived much of his life in <a href="/wiki/North_Bend,_Ohio" title="North Bend, Ohio">North Bend, Ohio</a>, was elected from the state and is also buried there. The other five presidents are <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HEINRICHS-264">[257]</a> Seven presidents were born in Ohio, making it second to Virginia's eight; in addition to the aforementioned five, <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> was elected from <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> was elected from <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HEINRICHS-264">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_of_voter_suppression">Allegations of voter suppression</h3></div> In a 2020 study, Ohio was ranked as the 17th hardest state for citizens to vote in.<a href="#cite_note-265">[258]</a> Since 1994, the state has had a policy of purging infrequent voters from its rolls. In April 2016, a lawsuit was filed, challenging this policy on the grounds that it violated the <a href="/wiki/National_Voter_Registration_Act_of_1993" title="National Voter Registration Act of 1993">National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) of 1993</a><a href="#cite_note-aclu-husted-266">[259]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Help_America_Vote_Act_of_2002" class="mw-redirect" title="Help America Vote Act of 2002">Help America Vote Act of 2002</a>.<a href="#cite_note-atlantic-husted-267">[260]</a> In June, the federal district court ruled for the plaintiffs and entered a preliminary injunction applicable only to the November 2016 election. The preliminary injunction was upheld in September by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit</a>. Had it not been upheld, thousands of voters would have been purged from the rolls just a few weeks before the election.<a href="#cite_note-aclu-husted-266">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ohio" title="Education in Ohio">Education in Ohio</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Ohio" title="List of colleges and universities in Ohio">List of colleges and universities in Ohio</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ohio-Columbus-University-Hall-2017-10-21-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ohio-Columbus-University-Hall-2017-10-21-001.jpg/220px-Ohio-Columbus-University-Hall-2017-10-21-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ohio-Columbus-University-Hall-2017-10-21-001.jpg/330px-Ohio-Columbus-University-Hall-2017-10-21-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ohio-Columbus-University-Hall-2017-10-21-001.jpg/440px-Ohio-Columbus-University-Hall-2017-10-21-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5871" data-file-height="3914" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_Hall_(Ohio_State_University)" title="University Hall (Ohio State University)">University Hall</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a> in Columbus, Ohio's largest university by enrollment<a href="#cite_note-headcount-269">[262]</a></figcaption></figure> Ohio's system of <a href="/wiki/Public_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public education">public education</a> is outlined in Article VI of the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Constitution">state constitution</a>, and in Title XXXIII of the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Revised_Code" title="Ohio Revised Code">Ohio Revised Code</a>. Substantively, Ohio's system is similar to those found in <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">other states</a>. At the State level, the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Department_of_Education" title="Ohio Department of Education">Ohio Department of Education</a> governs primary and secondary educational institutions. At the municipal level, there are approximately 700 school districts statewide. The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Board_of_Regents" title="Ohio Board of Regents">Ohio Board of Regents</a> coordinates and assists with Ohio's institutions of higher education. Ohio is home to several public and private institutions of higher learning. Prior to statehood, the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a> of 1787 included a provision to establish an institution of higher education in the region, resulting in the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Ohio_University" title="Ohio University">Ohio University</a> in 1804 as Ohio's first college.<a href="#cite_note-270">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[265]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_System_of_Ohio" title="University System of Ohio">University System of Ohio</a> includes all of Ohio's public institutions of higher education. It includes 14 four-year <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research universities</a>, 24 branch and regional campuses, and 23 <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community colleges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">technical colleges</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a> is the largest of the system, with over 60,000 students at its main campus in Columbus.<a href="#cite_note-headcount-269">[262]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oberlin_College_-_Bosworth_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Oberlin_College_-_Bosworth_Hall.jpg/220px-Oberlin_College_-_Bosworth_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Oberlin_College_-_Bosworth_Hall.jpg/330px-Oberlin_College_-_Bosworth_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Oberlin_College_-_Bosworth_Hall.jpg/440px-Oberlin_College_-_Bosworth_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin College</a> in northeast Ohio was the first college in the US to admit women.<a href="#cite_note-Jones-WilsonAsbury1996-273">[266]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Kenyon_College" title="Kenyon College">Kenyon College</a> is the state's oldest private <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">liberal arts college</a>, established in 1824 by an <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal bishop</a> to train clergy on the Ohio frontier. <a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin College</a>, established in 1833, was among the earliest colleges in the US to admit African Americans in 1835, and became the first to admit women in 1837.<a href="#cite_note-Jones-WilsonAsbury1996-273">[266]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Foundation_for_the_Advancement_of_Teaching" title="Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching">Carnegie Foundation</a> classifies five of the state's institutions as tier 1 <a href="/wiki/Research_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Research universities">research universities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_University" title="Kent State University">Kent State University</a>, Ohio State University, Ohio University, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati" title="University of Cincinnati">University of Cincinnati</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3></div> Ohio is home to some of the nation's highest-ranked public libraries.<a href="#cite_note-haplr-275">[268]</a> Major metropolitan public library systems include the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Public_Library" title="Cleveland Public Library">Cleveland Public Library</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_County_Public_Library" title="Cuyahoga County Public Library">Cuyahoga County Public Library</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_and_Hamilton_County_Public_Library" title="Cincinnati and Hamilton County Public Library">Cincinnati and Hamilton County Public Library</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Metropolitan_Library" title="Columbus Metropolitan Library">Columbus Metropolitan Library</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Public_Library_Information_Network" title="Ohio Public Library Information Network">Ohio Public Library Information Network</a> provides Ohio residents with internet access to their 251 public libraries. It also provides Ohioans with free home access to high-quality, subscription research databases. The <a href="/wiki/OhioLINK" title="OhioLINK">OhioLINK</a> library consortium provides Ohio's college and university libraries with mutual access to their collections. The program allows researchers access to books and other media that might not be otherwise available. <a href="/wiki/CLEVNET" title="CLEVNET">CLEVNET</a>, another major library consortium, is based at the Cleveland Public Library and includes 47 public library systems in Northeast Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-276">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Ohio_showing_Interurban_Railways_c_1907.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Map_of_Ohio_showing_Interurban_Railways_c_1907.png/220px-Map_of_Ohio_showing_Interurban_Railways_c_1907.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Map_of_Ohio_showing_Interurban_Railways_c_1907.png/330px-Map_of_Ohio_showing_Interurban_Railways_c_1907.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Map_of_Ohio_showing_Interurban_Railways_c_1907.png/440px-Map_of_Ohio_showing_Interurban_Railways_c_1907.png 2x" data-file-width="1385" data-file-height="1939" /></a><figcaption>Map of Ohio showing Interurban Railways <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1907</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ohio_welcome_sign_(2019).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ohio_welcome_sign_%282019%29.jpg/220px-Ohio_welcome_sign_%282019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ohio_welcome_sign_%282019%29.jpg/330px-Ohio_welcome_sign_%282019%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ohio_welcome_sign_%282019%29.jpg/440px-Ohio_welcome_sign_%282019%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2770" data-file-height="1870" /></a><figcaption>Ohio welcome sign in 2019</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Interstate_Highways_in_Ohio" title="List of Interstate Highways in Ohio">List of Interstate Highways in Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Routes_in_Ohio" title="List of U.S. Routes in Ohio">List of U.S. Routes in Ohio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_routes_in_Ohio" title="List of state routes in Ohio">List of state routes in Ohio</a></div> Many major east–west transportation corridors go through Ohio. One of those pioneer routes, known in the early 20th century as "Main Market Route 3", was chosen in 1913 to become part of the historic <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Highway" title="Lincoln Highway">Lincoln Highway</a> which was the first road across America, connecting New York City to San Francisco. In Ohio, the Lincoln Highway linked many towns and cities together, including <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mansfield,_Ohio" title="Mansfield, Ohio">Mansfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wooster,_Ohio" title="Wooster, Ohio">Wooster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lima,_Ohio" title="Lima, Ohio">Lima</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Van_Wert,_Ohio" title="Van Wert, Ohio">Van Wert</a>. The Lincoln Highway's arrival in Ohio was a major influence on the state's development. Upon the advent of the federal numbered highway system in 1926, the Lincoln Highway through Ohio became <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_30_in_Ohio" title="U.S. Route 30 in Ohio">U.S. Route 30</a>. Ohio is home to 228 miles (367 km) of the <a href="/wiki/National_Road" title="National Road">National Road</a>, now <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_40_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 40 in Ohio">U.S. Route 40</a>. Ohio has a highly developed network of roads and interstate highways. Major east-west through routes include the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Turnpike" title="Ohio Turnpike">Ohio Turnpike</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interstate_80_in_Ohio" title="Interstate 80 in Ohio">I-80</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interstate_90_in_Ohio" title="Interstate 90 in Ohio">I-90</a>) in the north, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_76_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 76 in Ohio">I-76</a> through <a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_70_in_Ohio" title="Interstate 70 in Ohio">I-70</a> through <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Highway_(Ohio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Appalachian Highway (Ohio)">Appalachian Highway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Route_32" title="Ohio State Route 32">State Route 32</a>) running from <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>. Major north–south routes include <a href="/wiki/Interstate_75_in_Ohio" title="Interstate 75 in Ohio">I-75</a> in the west through <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a>, Dayton, and Cincinnati, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_71" title="Interstate 71">I-71</a> through the middle of the state from <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a> through Columbus and Cincinnati into <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_77_in_Ohio" title="Interstate 77 in Ohio">I-77</a> in the eastern part of the state from Cleveland through Akron, <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Philadelphia,_Ohio" title="New Philadelphia, Ohio">New Philadelphia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Ohio" title="Marietta, Ohio">Marietta</a> south into West Virginia. Interstate 75 between Cincinnati and Dayton is one of Ohio's most heavily traveled sections of interstate. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trails">Trails</h3></div> Ohio has a highly developed network of signed state bicycle routes. Many of them follow <a href="/wiki/Rail_trail" title="Rail trail">rail trails</a>, with conversion ongoing. The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_to_Erie_Trail" title="Ohio to Erie Trail">Ohio to Erie Trail</a> (route 1) connects Cincinnati, Columbus, and Cleveland. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Bicycle_Route_50" title="U.S. Bicycle Route 50">U.S. Bicycle Route 50</a> traverses Ohio from <a href="/wiki/Steubenville,_Ohio" title="Steubenville, Ohio">Steubenville</a> to the Indiana state line outside <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Indiana" title="Richmond, Indiana">Richmond</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USRN_USBR_50-277">[270]</a> Ohio has several long-distance hiking trails, the most prominent of which is the <a href="/wiki/Buckeye_Trail" title="Buckeye Trail">Buckeye Trail</a>, which extends 1,444 mi (2,324 km) in a loop around the state. Part of it is on roads and part on wooded trail. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/North_Country_Trail" title="North Country Trail">North Country Trail</a> (the longest of the 11 <a href="/wiki/National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Scenic Trail">National Scenic Trails</a> authorized by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/American_Discovery_Trail" title="American Discovery Trail">American Discovery Trail</a> (a system of recreational trails and roads that collectively form a coast-to-coast route across the mid-tier of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>) pass through Ohio. Much of these two trails coincide with the Buckeye Trail. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249493202">.mw-parser-output .RMbox{box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12),0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.mw-parser-output .RMinline{float:none;width:100%;margin:0;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.routemap{padding:0;border:0;border-collapse:collapse;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMcollapse{margin:0;border-collapse:collapse;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMreplace{margin:0;border-collapse:collapse;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;bottom:0}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMsi{display:inline;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMir{padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMl1{padding:0 3px!important;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.routemap 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.RMsplit{font-weight:inherit;color:black;background:transparent;margin-top:-3px;margin-bottom:-3px;width:initial!important;box-sizing:initial;display:inline-table;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMl>.RMsplit,.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMr>.RMsplit{font-size:90%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMbox{background:inherit!important;color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMbox img{filter:contrast(0.4)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets a abbr{color:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMbox th{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-bottom:solid 1px #be2d2c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMbox small{color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .RMsplit{color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox img{filter:contrast(0.4)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets a abbr{color:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox{background:inherit!important;color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox th{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-bottom:solid 1px #be2d2c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox small{color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMsplit{color:white}}</style> <table class="collapsible RMbox" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="float:right;clear:right;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:1em;empty-cells:show;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="color:#FFF;background:#27404E;text-align:center;padding:5px"><div><div style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:55px;margin-left:55px;font-size:113.63636363636%">Ohio passenger rail</div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:normal;padding:4px 5px"><div class="selfreference noprint" style="text-align:right;font-size:97%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Railway_line_legend" title="Template:Railway line legend">Legend</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0px 6px 6px"> <table class="nogrid routemap" style="font-size:107.95454545455%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Union_Station" title="Chicago Union Station">Chicago</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/30px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/40px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_station_(Ohio)" title="Bryan station (Ohio)">Bryan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249493202"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RMsplit" style="text-align:inherit;font-style:italic;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(train)" title="Cardinal (train)">Cardinal</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit">to <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Union_Station" title="Chicago Union Station">Chicago</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BSicon_ACC.svg/20px-BSicon_ACC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BSicon_ACC.svg/30px-BSicon_ACC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BSicon_ACC.svg/40px-BSicon_ACC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Plaza_(Toledo)" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza (Toledo)">Toledo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Union_Terminal" title="Cincinnati Union Terminal">Cincinnati</a> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BSicon_ACC.svg/20px-BSicon_ACC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BSicon_ACC.svg/30px-BSicon_ACC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BSicon_ACC.svg/40px-BSicon_ACC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/20px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/30px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BSicon_HSTACC.svg/40px-BSicon_HSTACC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sandusky_station" title="Sandusky station">Sandusky</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249493202"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RMsplit" style="text-align:inherit;font-style:italic;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(train)" title="Cardinal (train)">Cardinal</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit">to <a href="/wiki/New_York_Penn_Station" title="New York Penn Station">New York City</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BSicon_ACC.svg/20px-BSicon_ACC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BSicon_ACC.svg/30px-BSicon_ACC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BSicon_ACC.svg/40px-BSicon_ACC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Elyria_station" title="Elyria station">Elyria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BSicon_INTACC.svg/20px-BSicon_INTACC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BSicon_INTACC.svg/30px-BSicon_INTACC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BSicon_INTACC.svg/40px-BSicon_INTACC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr"><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Lakefront_Station" title="Cleveland Lakefront Station">Cleveland</a> </td> <td class="RMr4"><div class="RMsi"><a href="/wiki/Waterfront_Line" title="Waterfront Line"><img alt="Waterfront Line" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cleveland_RTA_logo.svg/18px-Cleveland_RTA_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cleveland_RTA_logo.svg/27px-Cleveland_RTA_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cleveland_RTA_logo.svg/36px-Cleveland_RTA_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_station" title="Alliance station">Alliance</a> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><div class="RMov"><div class="RMic"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BSicon_lHSTACC~L.svg/20px-BSicon_lHSTACC~L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BSicon_lHSTACC~L.svg/30px-BSicon_lHSTACC~L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BSicon_lHSTACC~L.svg/40px-BSicon_lHSTACC~L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div></div><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg/20px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg/30px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg/40px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div></div><div><div class="RMov"><div class="RMic"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/BSicon_lHSTACC~R.svg/20px-BSicon_lHSTACC~R.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/BSicon_lHSTACC~R.svg/30px-BSicon_lHSTACC~R.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/BSicon_lHSTACC~R.svg/40px-BSicon_lHSTACC~R.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div></div><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/BSicon_KRWgr.svg/20px-BSicon_KRWgr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/BSicon_KRWgr.svg/30px-BSicon_KRWgr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/BSicon_KRWgr.svg/40px-BSicon_KRWgr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249493202"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RMsplit" style="text-align:inherit;font-style:italic;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Floridian_(train)" title="Floridian (train)">Floridian</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit">to <a href="/wiki/Miami_station_(Amtrak)" title="Miami station (Amtrak)">Miami</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249493202"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RMsplit" style="text-align:inherit;font-style:italic;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Shore_Limited" title="Lake Shore Limited">Lake Shore Limited</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:inherit;padding:0;line-height:.9;font-size:inherit">to <a href="/wiki/New_York_Penn_Station" title="New York Penn Station">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Station" title="South Station">Boston</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 3px 0 0;"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding:0 0 0 3px;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:normal;padding:0px 5px 3px;text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist">This diagram: <ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ohio_rail_network" title="Template:Ohio rail network">view</a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ohio_rail_network" title="Template talk:Ohio rail network">talk</a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ohio_rail_network" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ohio rail network">edit</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ohio_railroads" title="List of Ohio railroads">List of Ohio railroads</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ohio_train_stations" title="List of Ohio train stations">List of Ohio train stations</a></div> Ohio has an extensive rail network, though today most lines carry only freight traffic. Three <a href="/wiki/Class_I_railroads" class="mw-redirect" title="Class I railroads">Class I</a> freight railroads operate in Ohio: <a href="/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSX Transportation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway" title="Norfolk Southern Railway">Norfolk Southern Railway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a>. Many local freight carriers also exist in the state. <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, the national passenger railroad, operates three long-distance rail routes through Ohio. The <a href="/wiki/Lake_Shore_Limited" title="Lake Shore Limited">Lake Shore Limited</a> serves <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Lakefront_Station" title="Cleveland Lakefront Station">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elyria_station" title="Elyria station">Elyria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Plaza_(Toledo)" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza (Toledo)">Toledo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandusky_station" title="Sandusky station">Sandusky</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bryan_station_(Ohio)" title="Bryan station (Ohio)">Bryan</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Limited" title="Capitol Limited">Capitol Limited</a> stops in those cities as well as in <a href="/wiki/Alliance_station" title="Alliance station">Alliance</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(train)" title="Cardinal (train)">Cardinal</a> serves <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Union_Terminal" title="Cincinnati Union Terminal">Cincinnati Union Terminal</a>. From Ohio, passengers can ride directly to <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Union_Station" title="Chicago Union Station">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Penn_Station" title="New York Penn Station">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Station" title="South Station">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Union_Station" title="Washington Union Station">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Union_Station" title="Indianapolis Union Station">Indianapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Pittsburgh)" title="Union Station (Pittsburgh)">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo%E2%80%93Depew_station" title="Buffalo–Depew station">Buffalo</a>, and dozens of destinations in-between. Columbus is the largest city in the U.S. with no passenger rail. Its <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Columbus,_Ohio)" title="Union Station (Columbus, Ohio)">Union Station</a> was last served in 1979 by the <a href="/wiki/National_Limited_(Amtrak_train)" title="National Limited (Amtrak train)">National Limited</a>. Ohio is home to several <a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">scenic railways</a> and museums, including the <a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_Valley_Scenic_Railroad" title="Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad">Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad</a> through <a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_Valley_National_Park" title="Cuyahoga Valley National Park">Cuyahoga Valley National Park</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Steam_Roundhouse" title="Age of Steam Roundhouse">Age of Steam Roundhouse</a> museum, and the <a href="/wiki/Hocking_Valley_Scenic_Railway" title="Hocking Valley Scenic Railway">Hocking Valley Scenic Railway</a> near <a href="/wiki/Hocking_Hills_State_Park" title="Hocking Hills State Park">Hocking Hills State Park</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transit">Transit</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cincinnati-bell-connector_station-1-the-banks_09-11-2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cincinnati-bell-connector_station-1-the-banks_09-11-2016.jpg/220px-Cincinnati-bell-connector_station-1-the-banks_09-11-2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cincinnati-bell-connector_station-1-the-banks_09-11-2016.jpg/330px-Cincinnati-bell-connector_station-1-the-banks_09-11-2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cincinnati-bell-connector_station-1-the-banks_09-11-2016.jpg/440px-Cincinnati-bell-connector_station-1-the-banks_09-11-2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2928" data-file-height="1892" /></a><figcaption>Cincinnati <a href="/wiki/Connector_(Cincinnati)" title="Connector (Cincinnati)">Connector</a> <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">streetcar</a></figcaption></figure> Mass transit exists in many forms in Ohio cities, primarily through bus systems. The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Cleveland_Regional_Transit_Authority" title="Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority">Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority</a> (GCRTA) operates the <a href="/wiki/RTA_Rapid_Transit" title="RTA Rapid Transit">RTA Rapid Transit</a> system, which consists of one heavy rail line, three <a href="/wiki/Light_rail_in_the_United_States" title="Light rail in the United States">light rail</a> lines, and three <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> lines. Cincinnati is served by the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Ohio_Regional_Transit_Authority" title="Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority">Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority</a> (SORTA) bus network as well as a 3.6-mile (5.8 km) <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">streetcar</a> line, the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Bell_Connector" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati Bell Connector">Cincinnati Bell Connector</a>. Other major transit agencies in Ohio include the <a href="/wiki/Central_Ohio_Transit_Authority" title="Central Ohio Transit Authority">Central Ohio Transit Authority</a> (COTA) serving Columbus and the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Dayton_Regional_Transit_Authority" title="Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority">Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority</a> (GDRTA) serving Dayton. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_travel">Air travel</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Ohio" title="List of airports in Ohio">List of airports in Ohio</a></div> Ohio has four international airports, four commercial, and two military. The four international include <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Hopkins_International_Airport" title="Cleveland Hopkins International Airport">Cleveland Hopkins International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn_Columbus_International_Airport" title="John Glenn Columbus International Airport">John Glenn Columbus International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dayton_International_Airport" title="Dayton International Airport">Dayton International Airport</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rickenbacker_International_Airport" title="Rickenbacker International Airport">Rickenbacker International Airport</a> (one of two military airfields). The other military airfield is <a href="/wiki/Wright_Patterson_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright Patterson Air Force Base">Wright Patterson Air Force Base</a> which is one of the largest Air Force bases in the United States. Other major airports are in <a href="/wiki/Toledo_Express_Airport" title="Toledo Express Airport">Toledo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akron-Canton_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Akron-Canton Airport">Akron</a>. Cincinnati's main airport, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati/Northern_Kentucky_International_Airport" title="Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport">Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport</a>, is in <a href="/wiki/Hebron,_Kentucky" title="Hebron, Kentucky">Hebron, Kentucky</a>, and therefore is not included in Ohio airport lists. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterways">Waterways</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ohio" title="List of rivers of Ohio">List of rivers of Ohio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Historic_Ohio_Canals" title="Historic Ohio Canals">Historic Ohio Canals</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ohio" title="Portal:Ohio">Ohio portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ohio-related_articles" title="Index of Ohio-related articles">Index of Ohio-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Ohio" title="Outline of Ohio">Outline of Ohio</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> According to the U.S. Census,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Greater Columbus is the largest <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metropolitan statistical area</a> (MSA) that is entirely within Ohio, with a population of 2,078,725; and Greater Cincinnati is the largest MSA that is at least partially within Ohio, with a population of 2,179,082, approximately 25% of which is in Indiana or Kentucky. Which MSA is the largest in Ohio depends on the context. </li> <li id="cite_note-NAVD88-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_10-1">b</a> Elevation adjusted to <a href="/wiki/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988">North American Vertical Datum of 1988</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Petun" title="Petun">Petun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erie_people" title="Erie people">Erie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutral_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral Nation">Chonnonton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyandot_people" title="Wyandot people">Wyandot</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mingo" title="Mingo">Mingo Seneca</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquois Confederacy">Iroquois Confederacy</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Miami_people" title="Miami people">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mascouten" title="Mascouten">Mascouten</a> <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Mosopelea" title="Mosopelea">Mosopelea</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> The last French Fort in Ohio Country, Fort Sandusky, was destroyed in 1763 during Pontiac's Rebellion. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1885">"Ohio's State Motto"</a>. Ohio Historical Society. July 1, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071006062224/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1885">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2007. Retrieved March 27, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ohio%27s+State+Motto&rft.pub=Ohio+Historical+Society&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohiohistorycentral.org%2Fentry.php%3Frec%3D1885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GOVRES-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GOVRES_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOVRES_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOVRES_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOVRES_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOVRES_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOVRES_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOVRES_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOVRES_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOVRES_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOVRES_2-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOVRES_2-10">k</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.governorsresidence.ohio.gov/children/symbols.aspx">"Ohio's State Symbols"</a>. Ohio Governor's Residence and State Garden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090423055259/http://www.governorsresidence.ohio.gov/children/symbols.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2009. Retrieved March 26, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ohio%27s+State+Symbols&rft.pub=Ohio+Governor%27s+Residence+and+State+Garden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.governorsresidence.ohio.gov%2Fchildren%2Fsymbols.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MS-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MS_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MS_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Stockwell2006" class="citation book cs1">Mary Stockwell (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VJKroULBUpgC&pg=PA88">Ohio Adventure</a>. Gibbs Smith. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4236-2382-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4236-2382-3"><bdi>978-1-4236-2382-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331200155/http://books.google.com/books?id=VJKroULBUpgC">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ohio+Adventure&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Gibbs+Smith&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4236-2382-3&rft.au=Mary+Stockwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVJKroULBUpgC%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1951-2000/The-admission-of-Ohio-as-a-state/">"The Admission of Ohio as a State"</a>. United States House of Representatives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191110193143/https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1951-2000/The-admission-of-Ohio-as-a-state/">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Admission+of+Ohio+as+a+State&rft.pub=United+States+House+of+Representatives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FHistorical-Highlights%2F1951-2000%2FThe-admission-of-Ohio-as-a-state%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/ohio_quick_facts.php">"Ohio Quick Facts"</a>. Ohio Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090208222032/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/ohio_quick_facts.php">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2009. Retrieved March 26, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ohio+Quick+Facts&rft.pub=Ohio+Historical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohiohistorycentral.org%2Fohio_quick_facts.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITY-6"><a href="#cite_ref-CITY_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501070353/http://home.columbus.gov/GenInfo/index.asp">"City of Columbus: Fun Facts"</a>. City of Columbus, Ohio. 2006. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-42460-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-42460-7"><bdi>0-521-42460-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+Ground%3A+Indians%2C+Empires%2C+and+Republics+in+the+Great+Lakes+Region%2C+1650%E2%80%931815&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-521-42460-7&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerald_E._Hart1891" class="citation book cs1">Gerald E. Hart (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quebecact00hartgoog">The Quebec Act 1774</a>. Montreal: Gazette Printing Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quebecact00hartgoog/page/n22">12</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quebec+Act+1774&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Gazette+Printing+Company&rft.date=1891&rft.au=Gerald+E.+Hart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquebecact00hartgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Gordon Wood, The American Revolution (New York: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, 2002). </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Downes, Council Fires, 211; Nester, Frontier War, 194; Nelson, Man of Distinction, 101. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Downes, Council Fires, 266. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellerBoydGrooverHill2011" class="citation web cs1">Keller, Christine; Boyd, Colleen; Groover, Mark; Hill, Mark (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bsu.edu/-/media/www/departmentalcontent/aal/aalpdfs/roi%2076-100/roi%2078%20public.pdf">"Archeology of the Battles of Fort Recovery, Mercer County, Ohio: Education and Protection"</a> (PDF). National Park Service American Battlefield Protection Program. p. 61. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612080120/https://www.bsu.edu/-/media/www/departmentalcontent/aal/aalpdfs/roi%2076-100/roi%2078%20public.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved November 24, 2019 – via Ball State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archeology+of+the+Battles+of+Fort+Recovery%2C+Mercer+County%2C+Ohio%3A+Education+and+Protection&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=National+Park+Service+American+Battlefield+Protection+Program&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.au=Boyd%2C+Colleen&rft.au=Groover%2C+Mark&rft.au=Hill%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsu.edu%2F-%2Fmedia%2Fwww%2Fdepartmentalcontent%2Faal%2Faalpdfs%2Froi%252076-100%2Froi%252078%2520public.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Weslager, Delaware Indians, 316. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterner2018" class="citation journal cs1">Sterner, Eric (February 6, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://allthingsliberty.com/2018/02/moravians-middle-gnadenhutten-massacre">"Moravians in the Middle: the Gnadenhutten Massacre"</a>. Journal of the American Revolution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190930143616/https://allthingsliberty.com/2018/02/moravians-middle-gnadenhutten-massacre/">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.atitle=Moravians+in+the+Middle%3A+the+Gnadenhutten+Massacre&rft.date=2018-02-06&rft.aulast=Sterner&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fallthingsliberty.com%2F2018%2F02%2Fmoravians-middle-gnadenhutten-massacre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="cogliano2003" class="citation book cs1">Cogliano, Francis D. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QMAKWDQt1LAC">Revolutionary America, 1763–1815: A Political History</a>. Francis and Taylor. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-67869-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-67869-3"><bdi>978-1-134-67869-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210220153334/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Revolutionary_America_1763_1815/QMAKWDQt1LAC?hl=en&gbpv=0">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolutionary+America%2C+1763%E2%80%931815%3A+A+Political+History&rft.pub=Francis+and+Taylor&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-134-67869-3&rft.aulast=Cogliano&rft.aufirst=Francis+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQMAKWDQt1LAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="lskaplan1983" class="citation journal cs1">Kaplan, Lawrence S. (September 1983). "The Treaty of Paris, 1783: A Historiographical Challenge". International History Review. 5 (3). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 431–442. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07075332.1983.9640322">10.1080/07075332.1983.9640322</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0707-5332">0707-5332</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40105317">40105317</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+History+Review&rft.atitle=The+Treaty+of+Paris%2C+1783%3A+A+Historiographical+Challenge&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=431-442&rft.date=1983-09&rft.issn=0707-5332&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40105317%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07075332.1983.9640322&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cayton3-53"><a href="#cite_ref-cayton3_53-0">^</a> Cayton (2002), p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel04.html">"Religion and the Congress of the Confederation, 1774–89"</a>. Library of Congress. June 4, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120502224644/http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel04.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+and+the+Congress+of+the+Confederation%2C+1774%E2%80%9389&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1998-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fexhibits%2Freligion%2Frel04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Hubbard, Robert Ernest. General Rufus Putnam: George Washington's Chief Military Engineer and the "Father of Ohio," pp. 1–4, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-7862-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-7862-7">978-1-4766-7862-7</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Hubbard, Robert Ernest. General Rufus Putnam: George Washington's Chief Military Engineer and the "Father of Ohio," pp. 2–4, 45–8,105–18, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-7862-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-7862-7">978-1-4766-7862-7</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Hildreth, Samuel Prescott. Biographical and Historical Memoirs of the Early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio, pp. 34–7, 63–74, Badgley Publishing Company, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-615-50189-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-615-50189-5">978-0-615-50189-5</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> McCullough, David. The Pioneers: The Heroic Story of the Settlers Who Brought the American Ideal West, pp. 46–7, Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, New York, 2019. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6870-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6870-3">978-1-5011-6870-3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Hubbard, Robert Ernest. General Rufus Putnam: George Washington's Chief Military Engineer and the "Father of Ohio," pp. 127–50, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-7862-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-7862-7">978-1-4766-7862-7</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Hildreth, Samuel Prescott. Biographical and Historical Memoirs of the Early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio, pp. 69, 71, 81, 82, Badgley Publishing Company, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-615-50189-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-615-50189-5">978-0-615-50189-5</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> McCullough, David. The Pioneers: The Heroic Story of the Settlers Who Brought the American Ideal West, pp. 143–7, Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, New York, 2019. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6870-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6870-3">978-1-5011-6870-3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> An act to provide for the due execution of the laws of the United States, within the state of Ohio, ch. 7, 2 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-2-201">201</a> (February 19, 1803). </li> <li id="cite_note-Blue-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blue_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blue_63-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlue2002" class="citation journal cs1">Blue, Frederick J. 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L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uslaw.link/citation/us-law/public/83/204">83–204</a>, 67 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-67-407">407</a>, enacted August 7, 1953). </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreenpapers.com/slg/explanation-ohio-statehood.phtml">"Clearing up the Confusion surrounding OHIO's Admission to Statehood"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091017120249/http://www.thegreenpapers.com/slg/explanation-ohio-statehood.phtml">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2009. 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The Other Trail of Tears: The Removal of the Ohio Indians.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+Trail+of+Tears%3A+The+Removal+of+the+Ohio+Indians&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Stockwell&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225181159/https://sites.google.com/a/lanepl.org/columns-by-jim-blount/home/2017-articles/what-happened-to-indians-that-once-inhabited-ohio">"What happened to Indians that once inhabited Ohio? - Columns by Jim Blount"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/a/lanepl.org/columns-by-jim-blount/home/2017-articles/what-happened-to-indians-that-once-inhabited-ohio">the original</a> on February 25, 2022. 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Retrieved June 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=National+Vital+Statistics+Reports&rft.date=2015-12-23&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=B.+E.&rft.au=Martin%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Osterman%2C+M.+J.K.&rft.au=Curtin%2C+S.+C.&rft.au=Mathews%2C+T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr64%2Fnvsr64_12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamiltonMartinOstermanDriscoll2017" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton, B. E.; Martin, J. A.; Osterman, M. J.K.; Driscoll, A. K.; Mathews, T.J. (January 5, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf">"National Vital Statistics Reports"</a> (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Volume 66, Number 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831155911/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=National+Vital+Statistics+Reports&rft.date=2017-01-05&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=B.+E.&rft.au=Martin%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Osterman%2C+M.+J.K.&rft.au=Driscoll%2C+A.+K.&rft.au=Mathews%2C+T.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr66%2Fnvsr66_01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamiltonMartinOstermanDriscoll2018" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton, B. E.; Martin, J. A.; Osterman, M. J.K.; Driscoll, A. K.; Drake, P. (January 31, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf">"National Vital Statistics Reports"</a> (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Volume 67, Number 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180603002249/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 3, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=National+Vital+Statistics+Reports&rft.date=2018-01-31&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=B.+E.&rft.au=Martin%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Osterman%2C+M.+J.K.&rft.au=Driscoll%2C+A.+K.&rft.au=Drake%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr67%2Fnvsr67_01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamiltonMartinOstermanDriscoll2018" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton, B. E.; Martin, J. A.; Osterman, M. J.K.; Driscoll, A. K.; Drake, P. (November 7, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf">"National Vital Statistics Reports"</a> (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Volume 67, Number 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190201210916/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=National+Vital+Statistics+Reports&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=B.+E.&rft.au=Martin%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Osterman%2C+M.+J.K.&rft.au=Driscoll%2C+A.+K.&rft.au=Drake%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr67%2Fnvsr67_08-508.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamiltonMartinOstermanDriscoll2019" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton, B. E.; Martin, J. A.; Osterman, M. J. K.; Driscoll, A. K. (November 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf">"National Vital Statistics Reports"</a> (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Volume 68, Number 13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128161211/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 28, 2019. Retrieved December 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=National+Vital+Statistics+Reports&rft.date=2019-11-27&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=B.+E.&rft.au=Martin%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Osterman%2C+M.+J.+K.&rft.au=Driscoll%2C+A.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr68%2Fnvsr68_13-508.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamiltonMartinOstermanDriscoll2021" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton, B. E.; Martin, J. A.; Osterman, M. J.K.; Driscoll, A. K. (March 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf">"National Vital Statistics Reports"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=National+Vital+Statistics+Reports&rft.date=2022-02-07&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=B.+E.&rft.au=Martin%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Osterman%2C+M.+J.K.&rft.au=Driscoll%2C+A.+K.&rft.au=Valenzuela%2C+C.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr70%2Fnvsr70-17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamiltonMartinOstermanDriscoll2023" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton, B. E.; Martin, J. A.; Osterman, M. J.K.; Driscoll, A. K.; Valenzuela, C. P. 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Retrieved March 29, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rep.+Marcy+Kaptur+%28D-OH%29+Urges+Homeowners+to+Stay+in+Foreclosed+Homes&rft.pub=Democracy+Now&rft.date=2009-02-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fi1.democracynow.org%2F2009%2F2%2F3%2Frep_marcy_kaptur_d_oh_urges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-elections.nytimes.com-262"><a href="#cite_ref-elections.nytimes.com_262-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.nytimes.com/2010/results/ohio">"Ohio—Election Results 2010—The New York Times"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150228221915/http://elections.nytimes.com/2010/results/ohio">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2015. 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Capstone. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7565-0316-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7565-0316-1"><bdi>978-0-7565-0316-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906030717/https://books.google.com/books?id=VTnyaU2WkmUC&pg=PT43">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2015. 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Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy. 19 (4): 503–509. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2Felj.2020.0666">10.1089/elj.2020.0666</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225139517">225139517</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Election+Law+Journal%3A+Rules%2C+Politics%2C+and+Policy&rft.atitle=Cost+of+Voting+in+the+American+States%3A+2020&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=503-509&rft.date=2020-12-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1089%2Felj.2020.0666&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225139517%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=J.+Pomante+II&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Li%2C+Quan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1089%252Felj.2020.0666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aclu-husted-266">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aclu-husted_266-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aclu-husted_266-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Safstrom2017" class="citation web cs1">Jennifer Safstrom (September 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aclu.org/blog/voting-rights/right-decide-when-vote-husted-v-philip-randolph-institute">"The Right to Decide When to Vote: Husted v. A. Philip Randolph Institute"</a>. ACLU. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428200540/https://www.aclu.org/blog/voting-rights/right-decide-when-vote-husted-v-philip-randolph-institute">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2021. 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The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629004540/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/05/supreme-court-ohio-voting/528573/">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Use+It+or+Lose+It%3F&rft.date=2017-05-30&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2017%2F05%2Fsupreme-court-ohio-voting%2F528573%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlueck2022" class="citation news cs1">Glueck, Katie (November 9, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/08/us/politics/jd-vance-wins-ohio.html">"Vance Elected Senator in Ohio; Once Anti-Trump, He Benefited From His Support"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230102214209/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/08/us/politics/jd-vance-wins-ohio.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Vance+Elected+Senator+in+Ohio%3B+Once+Anti-Trump%2C+He+Benefited+From+His+Support&rft.date=2022-11-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Glueck&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F11%2F08%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fjd-vance-wins-ohio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-headcount-269">^ <a href="#cite_ref-headcount_269-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-headcount_269-1">b</a> As of fall 2021. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohiohighered.org/sites/default/files/uploads/hei/data-updates/final_ph_rpt_2021.xlsx">"Preliminary Headcount, Fall Term 2021"</a>. Ohio Department of Higher Education. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preliminary+Headcount%2C+Fall+Term+2021&rft.pub=Ohio+Department+of+Higher+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohiohighered.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fuploads%2Fhei%2Fdata-updates%2Ffinal_ph_rpt_2021.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/College_Lands" title="College Lands">College Lands</a>: Ohio University Chartered, and <a href="/wiki/Land_Ordinance_of_1785" title="Land Ordinance of 1785">Land Ordinance of 1785</a>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/acompilationlaw00swangoog">A compilation of laws, treaties, resolutions, and ordinances: of the general and state governments, which relate to lands in the state of Ohio; including the laws adopted by the governor and judges; the laws of the territorial legislature; and the laws of this state, to the years 1815–16</a>. G. Nashee, State Printer. 1825. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/acompilationlaw00swangoog/page/n24">17</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+compilation+of+laws%2C+treaties%2C+resolutions%2C+and+ordinances%3A+of+the+general+and+state+governments%2C+which+relate+to+lands+in+the+state+of+Ohio%3B+including+the+laws+adopted+by+the+governor+and+judges%3B+the+laws+of+the+territorial+legislature%3B+and+the+laws+of+this+state%2C+to+the+years+1815%E2%80%9316&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=G.+Nashee%2C+State+Printer&rft.date=1825&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Facompilationlaw00swangoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~maggie/ohio-lands/ohl5.html">"Ohio Lands: A Short History"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520040556/http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~maggie/ohio-lands/ohl5.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2011. 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O. p. 193, An act establishing a University in the town of Athens</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones-WilsonAsbury1996-273">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jones-WilsonAsbury1996_273-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones-WilsonAsbury1996_273-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaustine_Childress_Jones-WilsonCharles_A._AsburyD._Kamili_AndersonSylvia_M._Jacobs1996" class="citation book cs1">Faustine Childress Jones-Wilson; Charles A. Asbury; D. Kamili Anderson; Sylvia M. Jacobs; Margo Okazawa-Rey (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ni2qhq1n1d4C&pg=PA339">Encyclopedia of African-American Education</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 339–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28931-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28931-6"><bdi>978-0-313-28931-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191217022314/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ni2qhq1n1d4C&pg=PA339">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2019. 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Retrieved July 31, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+CLEVNET%3F&rft.pub=CLEVNET&rft.date=2023-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clevnet.org%2Fwhat-is-clevnet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USRN_USBR_50-277"><a href="#cite_ref-USRN_USBR_50_277-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpecial_Committee_on_U.S._Route_Numbering2014" class="citation web cs1">Special Committee on U.S. Route Numbering (May 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226064616/http://sp.route.transportation.org/Documents/USRN%20Report%20May%2029%202014.docx">"Report to SCOH"</a> (Report). Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sp.route.transportation.org/Documents/USRN%20Report%20May%2029%202014.docx">the original</a> (DOCX) on February 26, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+to+SCOH&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=American+Association+of+State+Highway+and+Transportation+Officials&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft.au=Special+Committee+on+U.S.+Route+Numbering&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsp.route.transportation.org%2FDocuments%2FUSRN%2520Report%2520May%252029%25202014.docx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li>Profiles of Ohio: history, statistics, demographics for all 1,339 populated places in Ohio, with detailed state and government histories, plus comparative statistics & rankings. (6th ed. Grey House Publishing, 2021). 828pp <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-64265-827-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-64265-827-8">1-64265-827-8</a>; covers 88 counties, 248 cities and 689 villages.</li> <li>Cayton, Andrew R. L. (2002). Ohio: The History of a People. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8142-0899-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8142-0899-1">0-8142-0899-1</a></li> <li>Kern, Kevin F., and Gregory S. Wilson. (2013) Ohio: A History of the Buckeye State (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013), 544pp</li> <li>Knepper, George W. (1989). Ohio and Its People. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-791-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-791-0">978-0-87338-791-0</a></li> <li>Holli, Melvin G. (1999). The American Mayor. State College, PA: <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State University</a> Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-271-01876-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-271-01876-3">0-271-01876-3</a></li> <li>Roseboom, Eugene H.; Weisenburger, Francis P. (1967). A History of Ohio. Columbus: The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Historical Society">Ohio Historical Society</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPutnamSchaefgen1997" class="citation book cs1">Putnam, Melanie K; Schaefgen, Susan M (1997). Ohio Legal Research Guide. William S Hein & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57588-087-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57588-087-7"><bdi>978-1-57588-087-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ohio+Legal+Research+Guide&rft.pub=William+S+Hein+%26+Co&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-57588-087-7&rft.aulast=Putnam&rft.aufirst=Melanie+K&rft.au=Schaefgen%2C+Susan+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Schmidlin, Thomas; Schmidlin, Jeanne Appelhans (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QANPLARGXFMC">Thunder in the Heartland: A Chronicle of Outstanding Weather Events in Ohio</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405043025/https://books.google.com/books?id=QANPLARGXFMC">Archived</a> April 5, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Kent State university Press. Kent, Ohio. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-549-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-549-7">978-0-87338-549-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Ohio at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ohio" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Ohio">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ohio" class="extiw" title="c:Ohio">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Ohio" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Ohio">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ohio" class="extiw" title="q:Ohio">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ohio" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Ohio">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ohio" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Ohio">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ohio" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Ohio">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ohio" class="extiw" title="voy:Ohio">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohio.gov/">State of Ohio official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503125351/https://ohio.gov/">Archived</a> May 3, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=39&StateName=Ohio#.U85uE_ldVu0">Ohio State Facts from USDA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160824213016/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=39&StateName=Ohio#.U85uE_ldVu0">Archived</a> August 24, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130303055638/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/39000.html">U.S. Census Bureau (Ohio Quick Facts)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060922195548/http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=OH">USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Ohio</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/162061">Ohio</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Topics_related_to_Ohio" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Topics_related_to_Ohio" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics related to Ohio</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Ohio" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ohio" title="Template:Ohio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ohio" title="Template talk:Ohio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ohio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ohio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Ohio" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ohio</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ohio-related_articles" title="Index of Ohio-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Ohio" title="Outline of Ohio">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Ohio" title="Climate change in Ohio">Climate change</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ohio" title="Government of Ohio">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ohio" title="Administrative divisions of Ohio">administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Ohio" title="United States congressional delegations from Ohio">congressional delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ohio" title="Elections in Ohio">elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ohio" title="History of Ohio">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ohio" title="Law of Ohio">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Ohio" title="List of people from Ohio">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ohio_state_symbols" title="List of Ohio state symbols">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/With_God,_all_things_are_possible" title="With God, all things are possible">motto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Ohio" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Ohio">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ohio" title="Portal:Ohio">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Ohio" title="Abortion in Ohio">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ohio_culture" title="Category:Ohio culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Ohio" title="Crime in Ohio">Crime</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Demographics">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ohio" title="African Americans in Ohio">African Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ohio" title="Economy of Ohio">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ohio" title="Education in Ohio">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Ohio" title="List of colleges and universities in Ohio">colleges and universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Ohio" title="Gun laws in Ohio">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Ohio" title="Homelessness in Ohio">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Ohio">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ohio" title="Politics of Ohio">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Ohio" title="Sports in Ohio">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Ohio" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Plateau" title="Allegheny Plateau">Allegheny Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Ohio" title="Appalachian Ohio">Appalachian Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_region" title="Bluegrass region">The Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacial_till_plains_(Ohio)" title="Glacial till plains (Ohio)">Glacial till plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Black_Swamp" title="Great Black Swamp">Great Black Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Lake_Erie_Islands" title="List of Lake Erie Islands">List of Lake Erie Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley" title="Mahoning Valley">Mahoning Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Valley" title="Miami Valley">Miami Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ohio" title="Northeast Ohio">Northeast Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ohio" title="Northwest Ohio">Northwest Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacationland_(Ohio)" title="Vacationland (Ohio)">Vacationland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Western_Reserve" title="Connecticut Western Reserve">Western Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ohio_statistical_areas" title="Ohio statistical areas">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron_metropolitan_area" title="Akron metropolitan area">Akron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton%E2%80%93Massillon,_Ohio,_metropolitan_area" title="Canton–Massillon, Ohio, metropolitan area">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_metropolitan_area" title="Cincinnati metropolitan area">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cleveland" title="Greater Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_metropolitan_area,_Ohio" title="Columbus metropolitan area, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_metropolitan_area" title="Dayton metropolitan area">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington%E2%80%93Ashland_metropolitan_area" title="Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area">Huntington–Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima%E2%80%93Van_Wert%E2%80%93Wapakoneta,_OH,_combined_statistical_area" title="Lima–Van Wert–Wapakoneta, OH, combined statistical area">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield%E2%80%93Ashland%E2%80%93Bucyrus,_OH_Combined_Statistical_Area" title="Mansfield–Ashland–Bucyrus, OH Combined Statistical Area">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_Ohio" title="Erie County, Ohio">Sandusky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weirton%E2%80%93Steubenville_metropolitan_area" title="Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area">Steubenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_metropolitan_area" title="Toledo metropolitan area">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley" title="Mahoning Valley">Youngstown–Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ohio" title="List of municipalities in Ohio">Largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_Falls,_Ohio" title="Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio">Cuyahoga Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin,_Ohio" title="Dublin, Ohio">Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elyria,_Ohio" title="Elyria, Ohio">Elyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid,_Ohio" title="Euclid, Ohio">Euclid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ohio" title="Hamilton, Ohio">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettering,_Ohio" title="Kettering, Ohio">Kettering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakewood,_Ohio" title="Lakewood, Ohio">Lakewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorain,_Ohio" title="Lorain, Ohio">Lorain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Ohio" title="Middletown, Ohio">Middletown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_Ohio" title="Newark, Ohio">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parma,_Ohio" title="Parma, Ohio">Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Ohio" title="Springfield, Ohio">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Ohio" title="List of counties in Ohio">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Ohio" title="Adams County, Ohio">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_County,_Ohio" title="Allen County, Ohio">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland_County,_Ohio" title="Ashland County, Ohio">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtabula_County,_Ohio" title="Ashtabula County, Ohio">Ashtabula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_County,_Ohio" title="Athens County, Ohio">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auglaize_County,_Ohio" title="Auglaize County, Ohio">Auglaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_County,_Ohio" title="Belmont County, Ohio">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_County,_Ohio" title="Brown County, Ohio">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_County,_Ohio" title="Butler County, Ohio">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Ohio" title="Carroll County, Ohio">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign_County,_Ohio" title="Champaign County, Ohio">Champaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Ohio" title="Clark County, Ohio">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont_County,_Ohio" title="Clermont County, Ohio">Clermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Ohio" title="Clinton County, Ohio">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbiana_County,_Ohio" title="Columbiana County, Ohio">Columbiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coshocton_County,_Ohio" title="Coshocton County, Ohio">Coshocton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Ohio" title="Crawford County, Ohio">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_County,_Ohio" title="Cuyahoga County, Ohio">Cuyahoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darke_County,_Ohio" title="Darke County, Ohio">Darke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defiance_County,_Ohio" title="Defiance County, Ohio">Defiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_Ohio" title="Delaware County, Ohio">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_Ohio" title="Erie County, Ohio">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_County,_Ohio" title="Fairfield County, Ohio">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Ohio" title="Fayette County, Ohio">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Ohio" title="Franklin County, Ohio">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Ohio" title="Fulton County, Ohio">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_County,_Ohio" title="Gallia County, Ohio">Gallia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geauga_County,_Ohio" title="Geauga County, Ohio">Geauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Ohio" title="Greene County, Ohio">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_County,_Ohio" title="Guernsey County, Ohio">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Ohio" title="Hamilton County, Ohio">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Ohio" title="Hancock County, Ohio">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardin_County,_Ohio" title="Hardin County, Ohio">Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_County,_Ohio" title="Harrison County, Ohio">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Ohio" title="Henry County, Ohio">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_County,_Ohio" title="Highland County, Ohio">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hocking_County,_Ohio" title="Hocking County, Ohio">Hocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmes_County,_Ohio" title="Holmes County, Ohio">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huron_County,_Ohio" title="Huron County, Ohio">Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Ohio" title="Jackson County, Ohio">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Ohio" title="Jefferson County, Ohio">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Ohio" title="Knox County, Ohio">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Ohio" title="Lake County, Ohio">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Ohio" title="Lawrence County, Ohio">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licking_County,_Ohio" title="Licking County, Ohio">Licking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_Ohio" title="Logan County, Ohio">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorain_County,_Ohio" title="Lorain County, Ohio">Lorain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_County,_Ohio" title="Lucas County, Ohio">Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Ohio" title="Madison County, Ohio">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Mahoning County, Ohio">Mahoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Ohio" title="Marion County, Ohio">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina_County,_Ohio" title="Medina County, Ohio">Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Meigs County, Ohio">Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_Ohio" title="Mercer County, Ohio">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_County,_Ohio" title="Miami County, Ohio">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Ohio" title="Monroe County, Ohio">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Ohio" title="Montgomery County, Ohio">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Ohio" title="Morgan County, Ohio">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrow_County,_Ohio" title="Morrow County, Ohio">Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskingum_County,_Ohio" title="Muskingum County, Ohio">Muskingum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_County,_Ohio" title="Noble County, Ohio">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_County,_Ohio" title="Ottawa County, Ohio">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulding_County,_Ohio" title="Paulding County, Ohio">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_County,_Ohio" title="Perry County, Ohio">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickaway_County,_Ohio" title="Pickaway County, Ohio">Pickaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Ohio" title="Pike County, Ohio">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portage_County,_Ohio" title="Portage County, Ohio">Portage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preble_County,_Ohio" title="Preble County, Ohio">Preble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_Ohio" title="Putnam County, Ohio">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland_County,_Ohio" title="Richland County, Ohio">Richland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_County,_Ohio" title="Ross County, Ohio">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandusky_County,_Ohio" title="Sandusky County, Ohio">Sandusky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scioto_County,_Ohio" title="Scioto County, Ohio">Scioto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_County,_Ohio" title="Seneca County, Ohio">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Ohio" title="Shelby County, Ohio">Shelby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stark_County,_Ohio" title="Stark County, Ohio">Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_County,_Ohio" title="Summit County, Ohio">Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Trumbull County, Ohio">Trumbull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscarawas_County,_Ohio" title="Tuscarawas County, Ohio">Tuscarawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Ohio" title="Union County, Ohio">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Wert_County,_Ohio" title="Van Wert County, Ohio">Van Wert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinton_County,_Ohio" title="Vinton County, Ohio">Vinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Ohio" title="Warren County, Ohio">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Ohio" title="Washington County, Ohio">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Ohio" title="Wayne County, Ohio">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_County,_Ohio" title="Williams County, Ohio">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_County,_Ohio" title="Wood County, Ohio">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_County,_Ohio" title="Wyandot County, Ohio">Wyandot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ohio" title="Portal:Ohio">Ohio portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_Ohio" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_Ohio" title="Template:Protected areas of Ohio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_Ohio" title="Template talk:Protected areas of Ohio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_Ohio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of Ohio"><abbr title="Edit this 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href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_Valley_National_Park" title="Cuyahoga Valley National Park">Cuyahoga Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Site_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Site (United States)">National historical parks and sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Aviation_Heritage_National_Historical_Park" title="Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park">Dayton Aviation Heritage NHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Ladies_National_Historic_Site" title="First Ladies National Historic Site">First Ladies NHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Hopewell Culture National Historical Park">Hopewell Culture NHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield_National_Historic_Site" title="James A. Garfield National Historic Site">James A. Garfield NHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_National_Historic_Site" title="William Howard Taft National Historic Site">William Howard Taft NHS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">National monuments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Young_Buffalo_Soldiers_National_Monument" title="Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument">Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_memorials_of_the_United_States" title="List of national memorials of the United States">National memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Berger_National_Memorial" title="David Berger National Memorial">David Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry%27s_Victory_and_International_Peace_Memorial" title="Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial">Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System" title="National Trails System">National trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Trail" title="North Country Trail">North Country Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_forest_(United_States)" title="National forest (United States)">National forests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_National_Forest" title="Wayne National Forest">Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers_System" title="National Wild and Scenic Rivers System">National Wild and Scenic Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Darby_Creek" title="Big Darby Creek">Big Darby Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Beaver_Creek" title="Little Beaver Creek">Little Beaver Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Darby_Creek_(Ohio)" title="Little Darby Creek (Ohio)">Little Darby Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Miami_River" title="Little Miami River">Little Miami River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Point_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Cedar Point National Wildlife Refuge">Cedar Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sister_Island" title="West Sister Island">West Sister Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve" title="National Estuarine Research Reserve">National estuarine research reserve</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Woman_Creek_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve" title="Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve">Old Woman Creek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Landmark" title="National Natural Landmark">National Natural Landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown%27s_Lake_Bog" title="Brown's Lake Bog">Brown's Lake Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Bog" title="Cedar Bog">Cedar Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysart_Woods" title="Dysart Woods">Dysart Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hill_State_Memorial" title="Fort Hill State Memorial">Fort Hill State Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Helen_Nature_Preserve" title="Glen Helen Nature Preserve">Glen Helen Nature Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantua_Bog_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Mantua Bog State Nature Preserve">Mantua Bog State Nature Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinkers_Creek_(Cuyahoga_River_tributary)#Tinker's_Creek_Gorge" title="Tinkers Creek (Cuyahoga River tributary)">Tinker's Creek Gorge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ohio" title="Government of Ohio">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Ohio" title="List of protected areas of Ohio">State parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Lake_State_Park" title="Adams Lake State Park">Adams Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alum_Creek_State_Park" title="Alum Creek State Park">Alum Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._W._Marion_State_Park" title="A. W. Marion State Park">A. W. Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkcamp_State_Park" title="Barkcamp State Park">Barkcamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Creek_State_Park" title="Beaver Creek State Park">Beaver Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Rock_State_Park" title="Blue Rock State Park">Blue Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_Creek_State_Park" title="Buck Creek State Park">Buck Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckeye_Lake_State_Park" title="Buckeye Lake State Park">Buckeye Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burr_Oak_State_Park" title="Burr Oak State Park">Burr Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Creek_State_Park" title="Caesar Creek State Park">Caesar Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catawba_Island_State_Park" title="Catawba Island State Park">Catawba Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cleveland_Lakefront_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cleveland Lakefront State Park (page does not exist)">Cleveland Lakefront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowan_Lake_State_Park" title="Cowan Lake State Park">Cowan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deer_Creek_State_Park_(Ohio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deer Creek State Park (Ohio) (page does not exist)">Deer Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_State_Park" title="Delaware State Park">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillon_State_Park" title="Dillon State Park">Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Fork_State_Park" title="East Fork State Park">East Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Harbor_State_Park" title="East Harbor State Park">East Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Findley_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Findley State Park (page does not exist)">Findley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forked_Run_State_Park" title="Forked Run State Park">Forked Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_State_Park" title="Geneva State Park">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lake_St._Marys_State_Park" title="Grand Lake St. Marys State Park">Grand Lake St. Marys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Council_State_Park" title="Great Council State Park">Great Council</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Seal_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Seal State Park (page does not exist)">Great Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilford_Lake_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guilford Lake State Park (page does not exist)">Guilford Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Lake_State_Park" title="Harrison Lake State Park">Harrison Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headlands_Beach_State_Park" title="Headlands Beach State Park">Headlands Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hocking_Hills_State_Park" title="Hocking Hills State Park">Hocking Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hueston_Woods_State_Park" title="Hueston Woods State Park">Hueston Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Dam_State_Park" title="Independence Dam State Park">Independence Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Lake_State_Park_(Ohio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Lake State Park (Ohio) (page does not exist)">Indian Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Lake_State_Park_(Ohio)" title="Jackson Lake State Park (Ohio)">Jackson Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jefferson_Lake_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jefferson Lake State Park (page does not exist)">Jefferson Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bryan_State_Park" title="John Bryan State Park">John Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelleys_Island_State_Park" title="Kelleys Island State Park">Kelleys Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiser_Lake_State_Park" title="Kiser Lake State Park">Kiser Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Alma_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Alma State Park (page does not exist)">Lake Alma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Hope_State_Park" title="Lake Hope State Park">Lake Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Logan_State_Park" title="Lake Logan State Park">Lake Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Loramie_State_Park" title="Lake Loramie State Park">Lake Loramie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Milton_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Milton State Park (page does not exist)">Lake Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_White_State_Park" title="Lake White State Park">Lake White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Miami_Scenic_Trail" title="Little Miami Scenic Trail">Little Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Lake_State_Park" title="Madison Lake State Park">Madison Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Farm_State_Park" title="Malabar Farm State Park">Malabar Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marblehead_Light_(Ohio)" title="Marblehead Light (Ohio)">Marblehead Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Thurston_State_Park" title="Mary Jane Thurston State Park">Mary Jane Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Bass_Island" title="Middle Bass Island">Middle Bass Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maumee_Bay_State_Park" title="Maumee Bay State Park">Maumee Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohican_State_Park" title="Mohican State Park">Mohican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Lake_State_Park" title="Mosquito Lake State Park">Mosquito Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gilead_State_Park" title="Mount Gilead State Park">Mount Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muskingum_River_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muskingum River State Park (page does not exist)">Muskingum River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Kennedy_Ledges_State_Park" title="Nelson Kennedy Ledges State Park">Nelson Kennedy Ledges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_Creek_State_Park" title="Paint Creek State Park">Paint Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_Lake_State_Park_(Ohio)" title="Pike Lake State Park (Ohio)">Pike Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portage_Lakes_State_Park" title="Portage Lakes State Park">Portage Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punderson_State_Park" title="Punderson State Park">Punderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pymatuning_State_Park_(Ohio)" title="Pymatuning State Park (Ohio)">Pymatuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_Hollow_State_Park" title="Quail Hollow State Park">Quail Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Fork_State_Park_(Ohio)" title="Rocky Fork State Park (Ohio)">Rocky Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Fork_State_Park" title="Salt Fork State Park">Salt Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scioto_Trail_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scioto Trail State Park (page does not exist)">Scioto Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee_State_Park_(Ohio)" title="Shawnee State Park (Ohio)">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bass_Island" title="South Bass Island">South Bass Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonelick_State_Park" title="Stonelick State Park">Stonelick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strouds_Run_State_Park" title="Strouds Run State Park">Strouds Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycamore_State_Park" title="Sycamore State Park">Sycamore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_Hollow_State_Park" title="Tar Hollow State Park">Tar Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinkers_Creek_State_Park" title="Tinkers Creek State Park">Tinkers Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Buren_State_Park_(Ohio)" title="Van Buren State Park (Ohio)">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Branch_State_Park" title="West Branch State Park">West Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wingfoot_Lake_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wingfoot Lake State Park (page does not exist)">Wingfoot Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Run_State_Park" title="Wolf Run State Park">Wolf Run</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ohio_state_forests" title="List of Ohio state forests">State forests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Creek_State_Forest" title="Beaver Creek State Forest">Beaver Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Rock_State_Forest" title="Blue Rock State Forest">Blue Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_Creek_State_Forest" title="Brush Creek State Forest">Brush Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_State_Forest" title="Dean State Forest">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernwood_State_Forest" title="Fernwood State Forest">Fernwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifford_State_Forest_(Ohio)" title="Gifford State Forest (Ohio)">Gifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_State_Forest" title="Harrison State Forest">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hocking_State_Forest" title="Hocking State Forest">Hocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maumee_State_Forest" title="Maumee State Forest">Maumee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohican-Memorial_State_Forest" title="Mohican-Memorial State Forest">Mohican-Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_State_Forest" title="Perry State Forest">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_State_Forest_(Ohio)" title="Pike State Forest (Ohio)">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland_Furnace_State_Forest" title="Richland Furnace State Forest">Richland Furnace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scioto_Trail_State_Forest" title="Scioto Trail State Forest">Scioto Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade_River_State_Forest" title="Shade River State Forest">Shade River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee_State_Forest" title="Shawnee State Forest">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunfish_Creek_State_Forest" title="Sunfish Creek State Forest">Sunfish Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_Hollow_State_Forest" title="Tar Hollow State Forest">Tar Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Creek_State_Forest" title="Yellow Creek State Forest">Yellow Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaleski_State_Forest" title="Zaleski State Forest">Zaleski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">State nature preserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia_Cliffs_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Acadia Cliffs State Nature Preserve">Acadia Cliffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Lake_State_Park" title="Adams Lake State Park">Adams Lake Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audubon_Islands_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audubon Islands State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Audubon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augusta-Anne_Olsen_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augusta-Anne Olsen State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Augusta-Anne Olsen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_Sanctuary_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurora Sanctuary State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Aurora Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baker_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baker Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Baker Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsch_Fen_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betsch Fen State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Betsch Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigelow_Cemetery_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigelow Cemetery State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Bigelow Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackhand_Gorge_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Blackhand Gorge State Nature Preserve">Blackhand Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonnet_Pond_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonnet Pond State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Bonnet Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boord_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boord State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Boord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown%27s_Lake_Bog" title="Brown's Lake Bog">Brown's Lake Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burton_Wetlands_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burton Wetlands State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Burton Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caesar_Creek_Gorge_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caesar Creek Gorge State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Caesar Creek Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmean_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carmean Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Carmean Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Bog" title="Cedar Bog">Cedar Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaparral_Prairie_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Chaparral Prairie State Nature Preserve">Chaparral Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_Rocks_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas Rocks State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Christmas Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clear_Creek_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clear Creek State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Clear Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clear_Fork_Gorge_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clear Fork Gorge State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Clear Fork Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Gorge_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Clifton Gorge State Nature Preserve">Clifton Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compass_Plant_Prairie_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compass Plant Prairie State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Compass Plant Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conkle%27s_Hollow_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Conkle's Hollow State Nature Preserve">Conkle's Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperrider-Kent_Bog_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Cooperrider-Kent Bog State Nature Preserve">Cooperrider-Kent Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crabill_Fen_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crabill Fen State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Crabill Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_Bog_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Cranberry Bog State Nature Preserve">Cranberry Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crane_Hollow_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crane Hollow State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Crane Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crooked_Run_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crooked Run State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Crooked Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culberson_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Culberson Woods State Nature Preserve">Culberson Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davey_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Davey Woods State Nature Preserve">Davey Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Davis_Memorial_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davis Memorial State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Davis Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drew_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drew Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Drew Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dupont_Marsh_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dupont Marsh State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Dupont Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Creek_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eagle Creek State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Eagle Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Thomas_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Thomas State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Edward Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emerald_Hills_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emerald Hills State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Emerald Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erie_Sand_Barrens_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erie Sand Barrens State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Erie Sand Barrens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etawah_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etawah Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Etawah Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evans_Beck_Memorial_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evans Beck Memorial State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Evans Beck Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flatiron_Lake_Bog_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flatiron Lake Bog State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Flatiron Lake Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fowler_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fowler Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Fowler Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frame_Lake_Fen_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frame Lake Fen State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Frame Lake Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gahanna_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gahanna Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Gahanna Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallagher/Springfield_Fen_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallagher/Springfield Fen State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Gallagher/Springfield Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goll_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Goll Woods State Nature Preserve">Goll Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goode_Prairie_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goode Prairie State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Goode Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gott_Fen_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gott Fen State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Gott Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenbelt_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenbelt State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Greenbelt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenville_Falls_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenville Falls State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Greenville Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gross_Memorial_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gross Memorial Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Gross Memorial Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hach-Otis_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hach-Otis State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Hatch-Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halls_Creek_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halls Creek State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Halls Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headlands_Dunes_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Headlands Dunes State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Headlands Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Collier_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard Collier State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Howard Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hueston_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hueston Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Hueston Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutchins_(Highbanks)_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutchins (Highbanks) State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Hutchins (Highland)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irwin_Prairie_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irwin Prairie State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Irwin Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Bog_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Jackson Bog State Nature Preserve">Jackson Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johnson_Ridge_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnson Ridge State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Johnson Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johnson_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnson Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Johnson Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlo_Fen_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karlo Fen State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Karlo Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kendrick_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kendrick Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Kendrick Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kessler_Swamp_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kessler Swamp State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Kessler Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiser_Lake_Wetlands_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Kiser Lake Wetlands State Nature Preserve">Kiser Lake Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitty_Todd_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitty Todd State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Kitty Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knox_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knox Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Knox Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyle_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyle Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Kyle Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladd_Natural_Bridge_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladd Natural Bridge State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Ladd Natural Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Katharine_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Lake Katharine State Nature Preserve">Lake Katharine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakeside_Daisy_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lakeside Daisy State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Lakeside Daisy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Lawrence Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Little_Rocky_Hollow_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Little Rocky Hollow State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Little Rocky Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lou_Campbell_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lou Campbell State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Lou Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantua_Bog_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Mantua Bog State Nature Preserve">Mantua Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_J._Desonier_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Marie J. Desonier State Nature Preserve">Marie J. Desonier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_Wetlands_State_Nature_Preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsh Wetlands State Nature Preserve">Marsh Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=McCracken_Fen_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McCracken Fen State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">McCracken Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mentor_Marsh_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mentor Marsh State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Mentor Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milford_Center_Railroad_Prairie_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milford Center Railroad Prairie State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Milford Center Railroad Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miller_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miller State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Morris Woods State Nature Preserve">Morris Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud_Lake_Bog_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mud Lake Bog State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Mud Lake Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myersville_Fen_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myersville Fen State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Myersville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newberry_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newberry State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Newberry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Pond_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Pond State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">North Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Shore_Alvar_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Shore Alvar State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">North Shore Alvar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novak_Sanctuary_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novak Sanctuary State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Novak Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Woman_Creek_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Woman Creek State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Old Woman Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Owens/Liberty_Fen_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owens/Liberty Fen State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Owens/Liberty Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pallister_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pallister State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Pallister</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pickerington_Ponds_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pickerington Ponds State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Pickerington Ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portage_Lakes_Wetland_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portage Lakes Wetland State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Portage Lakes Wetland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prairie_Road_Fen_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prairie Road Fen State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Prairie Road Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raven_Rock_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raven Rock State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Raven Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhododendron_Cove_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhododendron Cove State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Rhododendeon Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddle_State_Nature_Preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Riddle State Nature Preserve">Riddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockbridge_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Rockbridge State Nature Preserve">Rockbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rome_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rome State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rothenbuhler_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rothenbuhler Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Rothenbuhler Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saltpetre_Cave_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saltpetre Cave State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Saltpetre Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sears_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sears Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Sears Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seymour Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Seymour Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shallenberger_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shallenberger State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Shallenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharon_Woods_Gorge_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharon Woods Gorge State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Sharon Woods Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheepskin_Hollow_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheepskin Hollow State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Sheepskin Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheick_Hollow_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheick Hollow State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Sheick Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheldon_Marsh_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheldon Marsh State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Sheldon Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoemaker_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoemaker State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegenthaler-Kaestner_Esker_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Siegenthaler-Kaestner Esker State Nature Preserve">Siegenthaler-Kaestner Esker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Cemetery_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smith Cemetery State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Smith Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spring_Beauty_Dell_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spring Beauty Dell State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Spring Beauty Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spring_Brook_Sanctuary_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spring Brook Sanctuary State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Spring Brook Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springville_Marsh_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springville Marsh State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Springville Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage%27s_Pond_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Stage's Pond State Nature Preserve">Stage's Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strait_Creek_Prairie_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strait Creek Prairie State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Strait Creek Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stratford_Woods_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stratford Woods State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Stratford Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swamp_Cottonwood_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swamp Cottonwood State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Swamp Cottonwood</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tinker%27s_Creek_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tinker's Creek State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Tinker's Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Travertine_Fen_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Travertine Fen State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Travertine Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_Lake_Bog_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Triangle Lake Bog State Nature Preserve">Triangle Lake Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trillium_Trails_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trillium Trails State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Trillium Trails</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tummonds_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tummonds State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Tummonds</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Tucker_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Tucker State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Walter Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warder-Perkins_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warder-Perkins State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Warder-Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whipple_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whipple State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Whipple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Pine_Bog_Forest_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Pine Bog Forest State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">White Pine Bog Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_C._McCoy_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William C. McCoy State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">William C. McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimmerman_Prairie_State_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimmerman Prairie State Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Zimmerman Prairie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">State scenic rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Darby_Creek" title="Big Darby Creek">Big Darby Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagrin_River" title="Chagrin River">Chagrin River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conneaut_Creek" title="Conneaut Creek">Conneaut Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_River" title="Cuyahoga River">Cuyahoga River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_River_(Ohio)" title="Grand River (Ohio)">Grand River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville_Creek" title="Greenville Creek">Greenville Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokosing_River" title="Kokosing River">Kokosing River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Beaver_Creek" title="Little Beaver Creek">Little Beaver Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Darby_Creek_(Ohio)" title="Little Darby Creek (Ohio)">Little Darby Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Miami_River" title="Little Miami River">Little Miami River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maumee_River" title="Maumee River">Maumee River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohican_River" title="Mohican River">Mohican River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olentangy_River" title="Olentangy River">Olentangy River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandusky_River" title="Sandusky River">Sandusky River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stillwater_River_(Ohio)" title="Stillwater River (Ohio)">Stillwater River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Regional_park" title="Regional park">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Metro_Parks" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Regional_park#Mid-west" title="Regional park">Metro Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashtabula_County_Metroparks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashtabula County Metroparks (page does not exist)">Ashtabula County Metroparks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Metroparks" title="Cleveland Metroparks">Cleveland Metroparks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_and_Franklin_County_Metro_Parks" title="Columbus and Franklin County Metro Parks">Columbus and Franklin County Metro Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_MetroParks" title="Erie MetroParks">Erie MetroParks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Rivers_MetroParks" title="Five Rivers MetroParks">Five Rivers MetroParks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geauga_Park_District" title="Geauga Park District">Geauga Park District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Parks_of_Hamilton_County" title="Great Parks of Hamilton County">Great Parks of Hamilton County</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johnny_Appleseed_Metro_Parks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnny Appleseed Metro Parks (page does not exist)">Johnny Appleseed Metro Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Metroparks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Metroparks (page does not exist)">Lake Metroparks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorain_County_Metro_Parks" title="Lorain County Metro Parks">Lorain County Metro Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metroparks_of_Butler_County&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metroparks of Butler County (page does not exist)">Metroparks of Butler County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metroparks_Toledo" title="Metroparks Toledo">Metroparks Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_Park" title="Mill Creek Park">Mill Creek MetroParks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_Metro_Parks" title="Summit Metro Parks">Summit Metro Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trumbull_County_MetroParks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trumbull County MetroParks (page does not exist)">Trumbull County MetroParks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Department_of_Natural_Resources" title="Ohio Department of Natural Resources">Ohio Department of Natural Resources</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Midwestern_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template talk:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Midwestern_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Midwestern_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Culture" title="Midwestern United States">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Physical_geography" title="Midwestern United States">Geography</a></li> <li>Economy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Political_trends" title="Midwestern United States">Government and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#History" title="Midwestern United States">History</a></li> <li>Sports</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Subregions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Northern Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_North_Central_states" title="East North Central states">East North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_North_Central_states" title="West North Central states">West North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="#Cultural_overlap">Southern Midwest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Rapid City, South Dakota">Rapid City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">State capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_France" title="Template:New France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_France" title="Template talk:New France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history" title="Timeline of New France history">Timeline of New France history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(beginnings%E2%80%931533)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (beginnings–1533)">Beginnings–1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history_(1534%E2%80%931607)" title="Timeline of New France history (1534–1607)">1534–1607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1608%E2%80%931662)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1608–1662)">1608–1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1663%E2%80%931759)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1663–1759)">1663–1759</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">1763 Treaty of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec" title="History of Quebec">History of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Acadians" title="History of the Acadians">History of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Franco-Americans" title="History of the Franco-Americans">History of the French-Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a> (1604–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada</a> (1608–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre-Neuve_(New_France)" title="Terre-Neuve (New France)">Terre-Neuve</a> (1662–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana</a> (1682–1763, 1801–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Île Royale</a> (1713–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Country" title="Illinois Country">Illinois Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_d%27en_Haut" title="Pays d'en Haut">Pays d'en Haut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_du_roy" title="Domaine du roy">Domaine du roy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_New_France" title="List of towns and villages in New France">Towns and villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Acadie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec_City" title="History of Quebec City">Quebec City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montreal" title="History of Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">Détroit</a></li></ul></li> <li>Île Royale <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Louisbourg</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mobile,_Alabama" title="History of Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Orleans" title="History of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Placentia,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador">Plaisance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_forts_in_North_America" title="List of French forts in North America">List of French forts in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Fort Rouillé">Fort Rouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Michilimackinac" title="Fort Michilimackinac">Fort Michilimackinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Buade" title="Fort de Buade">Fort de Buade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Chartres" title="Fort de Chartres">Fort de Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Detroit">Fort Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Fort Ticonderoga">Fort Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Conde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Conde">Fort Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Duquesne" title="Fort Duquesne">Fort Duquesne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Fortress of Louisbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador">Castle Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starved_Rock_State_Park" title="Starved Rock State Park">Fort St. Louis (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_Texas" title="French colonization of Texas">Fort St. Louis (Texas)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_New_France" title="Governor General of New France">Governor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant_of_New_France" title="Intendant of New France">Intendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Sovereign Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Quebec" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec">Bishop of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="List of governors of Trois-Rivières">Governor of Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Montreal" title="Governor of Montreal">Governor of Montreal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Acadie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Acadia" title="List of governors of Acadia">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador#Governors_of_Plaisance,_1655–1713" title="List of governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of colonial governors of Louisiana">Governor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Custom_of_Paris_in_New_France" title="Custom of Paris in New France">Custom of Paris in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seigneurial_system_of_New_France" title="Seigneurial system of New France">Seigneurial system of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice_in_New_France" title="Criminal justice in New France">Criminal justice in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant" title="Intendant">Intendancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Superior Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_court" title="Admiralty court">Admiralty court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provost_(civil)" title="Provost (civil)">Provostship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court" title="Ecclesiastical court">Officiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">Bailiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chauss%C3%A9e" title="Maréchaussée">Maréchaussée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Noir" title="Code Noir">Code Noir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemin_du_Roy" title="Chemin du Roy">Chemin du Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_fur_trade" title="North American fur trade">Fur trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coureur_des_bois" title="Coureur des bois">Coureur des bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyageurs" title="Voyageurs">Voyageurs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_One_Hundred_Associates" title="Company of One Hundred Associates">Company of 100 Associates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Crozat" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Crozat">Crozat's Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Company" title="Mississippi Company">Mississippi Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_de_l%27Occident" title="Compagnie de l'Occident">Compagnie de l'Occident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_New_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Population of New France">Population</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1666_census_of_New_France" title="1666 census of New France">1666 census</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitants" title="Habitants">Habitants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">Canadiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Daughters" title="King's Daughters">King's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casquette_girl" title="Casquette girl">Casquette girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_New_France" title="Slavery in New France">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pla%C3%A7age" title="Plaçage">Plaçage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Gens de couleur libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_New_France" title="Alcohol in New France">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France_livre" title="New France livre">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Card_money_in_New_France" title="Card money in New France">card money</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France_Intellectual_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="New France Intellectual Life">Intellectual life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missionary groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_missions_in_North_America" title="Jesuit missions in North America">Jesuit missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recollects" title="Recollects">Récollets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Nuns" title="Grey Nuns">Grey Nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursulines" title="Ursulines">Ursulines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Priests_of_Saint_Sulpice" title="Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice">Sulpicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_New_France" title="Military of New France">Military of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Acadians" title="Military history of the Acadians">Military history of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_Civil_War" title="Acadian Civil War">Acadian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars" title="French and Indian Wars">Intercolonial Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_War" title="King William's War">King William's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_War" title="King George's War">King George's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">French and Iroquois Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">Expulsion of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Peace_of_Montreal" title="Great Peace of Montreal">Great Peace of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachine_massacre" title="Lachine massacre">Lachine Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenectady_massacre" title="Schenectady massacre">Schenectady Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Deerfield" title="Raid on Deerfield">Deerfield Raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_France" title="Category:New France">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">International concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404265081">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/144232296">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205075/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJm4WtgDXCCr4dpk8PgYfq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4043387-0">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79049197">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628316">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130292&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX455335">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000378933&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007561819005171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514376906706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/0573177b-9ff9-4643-80bc-ed2513419267">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04814852?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/171466578">IdRef</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028923154">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045315">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ohio&params=40_N_83_W_dim:300000_region:US-OH_type:adm1st&title=State+of+Ohio">40°N 83°W / 40°N 83°W / 40; -83 (State of Ohio)</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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