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<li id="toc-Inuktitut_in_the_Canadian_school_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inuktitut_in_the_Canadian_school_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Inuktitut in the Canadian school system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inuktitut_in_the_Canadian_school_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages_and_dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages_and_dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Languages and dialects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Languages_and_dialects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Languages and dialects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Languages_and_dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nunavut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nunavut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Nunavut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nunavut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nunavik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nunavik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Nunavik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nunavik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labrador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labrador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Labrador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labrador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greenland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greenland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Greenland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greenland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inuit_Nunaat_and_Inuit_Nunangat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inuit_Nunaat_and_Inuit_Nunangat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Inuit Nunaat and Inuit Nunangat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inuit_Nunaat_and_Inuit_Nunangat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Writing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Writing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Latin_alphabets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_alphabets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Latin alphabets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_alphabets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qaniujaaqpait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qaniujaaqpait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span><i>Qaniujaaqpait</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qaniujaaqpait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Canadian_syllabary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Canadian_syllabary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>The Canadian syllabary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Canadian_syllabary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Braille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Braille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Braille</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Braille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dictionaries_and_lexica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dictionaries_and_lexica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Dictionaries and lexica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dictionaries_and_lexica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Webpages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Webpages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Webpages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Webpages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Utilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Inuktitut</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الإنكتيتوتية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الإنكتيتوتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_inuktitut" title="Idioma inuktitut – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_inuit" title="Llingües inuit – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües inuit" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inutytu_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Inutytu ñe'ẽ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Inutytu ñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nuktitut" title="İnuktitut – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnuktitut" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA" title="اینوکتیتوت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینوکتیتوت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Інукцітут – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інукцітут" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Инуктитут – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Инуктитут" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut%C5%A1tina" title="Inuktitutština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Inuktitutština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitutagiella" title="Inuktitutagiella – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Inuktitutagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktituti_keel" title="Inuktituti keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inuktituti keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84" title="Ινουκτιτούτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινουκτιτούτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_inuit" title="Lenguas inuit – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas inuit" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktituta_lingvo" title="Inuktituta lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Inuktituta lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuitera" title="Inuitera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Inuitera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA" title="اینوکتیتوت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینوکتیتوت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ion%C3%BAitis" title="An Ionúitis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ionúitis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inuktitut" title="Lingua inuktitut – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%88%84%ED%81%AC%ED%8B%B0%ED%88%AC%ED%8A%B8%EC%96%B4" title="이누크티투트어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이누크티투트어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF" title="Ինուկտիտուտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինուկտիտուտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inuktitut" title="Bahasa Inuktitut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%93%84%E1%92%83%E1%91%8E%E1%91%90%E1%91%A6" title="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitun_uqautchiq" title="Inuktitun uqautchiq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Inuktitun uqautchiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C3%BAktit%C3%BAt" title="Inúktitút – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Inúktitút" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inuktitut" title="Lingua inuktitut – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98" title="אינוקטיטוט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אינוקטיטוט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ინუკტიტუტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინუკტიტუტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Инуктитут – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Инуктитут" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Ирвел Канада инуит йӹлмӹ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ирвел Канада инуит йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inu%C4%ABtu_valoda" title="Inuītu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Inuītu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кьибле Канададин инуит чӀал – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кьибле Канададин инуит чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitutas" title="Inuktitutas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Inuktitutas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut_nyelv" title="Inuktitut nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Inuktitut nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Инуктитут – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Инуктитут" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_inuktitut" title="Fiteny inuktitut – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="इनुक्टिटुट भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इनुक्टिटुट भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA" title="اینوکتیتوت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اینوکتیتوت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inuktitut" title="Bahasa Inuktitut – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E3%82%AF%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E8%AA%9E" title="イヌクティトゥット語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イヌクティトゥット語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uastkanada_inuit" title="Uastkanada inuit – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Uastkanada inuit" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%90%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اېنوکتېتوت ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اېنوکتېتوت ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_inuktitut,_eastern_canadian" title="Lenga inuktitut, eastern canadian – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga inuktitut, eastern canadian" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inuctitute" title="Língua inuctitute – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua inuctitute" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwit_simi" title="Inwit simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inwit simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Инуктитут – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инуктитут" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱤᱱᱩᱠᱴᱤᱴᱩᱴ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱱᱩᱠᱴᱤᱴᱩᱴ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inuktitut" title="Lingua inuktitut – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ئینوکتیتوت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینوکتیتوت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Инуктитут језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Инуктитут језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Inuktitut" title="Wikang Inuktitut – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இனுக்ரிருற் மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இனுக்ரிருற் மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Kanada_%C4%B0nuit%C3%A7esi" title="Doğu Kanada İnuitçesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doğu Kanada İnuitçesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D3%9D%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Шунды ӝужан пал Канадаысь инуит кыл – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Шунды ӝужан пал Канадаысь инуит кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Інуктитут – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інуктитут" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_inuktitut" title="Łéngua inuktitut – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Inuktitut" title="Tiếng Inuktitut – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Inuktitut" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Eastern Canadian Inuktitut" redirects here. For Western Canadian Inuktitut, see <a href="/wiki/Inuvialuktun" title="Inuvialuktun">Inuvialuktun</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: lightcyan;">Inuktitut</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: lightcyan;">Eastern Canadian Inuktitut</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: lightcyan;"><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu-Cans">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ</span></span>, <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu">inuktitut</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/NunatuKavut" title="NunatuKavut">NunatuKavut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nunavik" title="Nunavik">Nunavik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Speakers</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">L1</a>: 38,000 (2021 census)<sup id="cite_ref-2021_census_L1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_census_L1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />L1 + <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">L2</a>: 42,000 (2021 census)<sup id="cite_ref-2021_census_L1+L2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_census_L1+L2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eskaleut_languages" title="Eskaleut languages">Eskaleut</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Eskaleut_languages#Internal_classification" title="Eskaleut languages">Eskimo</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inuktut" title="Inuktut">Inuktut</a>)<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Inuktitut</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Eskaleut_language" title="Proto-Eskaleut language">Proto-Eskimo–Aleut</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Eskimoan_language" title="Proto-Eskimoan language">Proto-Eskimo</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Inuit_language" title="Proto-Inuit language">Proto-Inuit</a> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Baffin_dialect" title="North Baffin dialect">Qikiqtaaluk uannangani</a> (North Baffin)</li> <li><a href="#Nunavut">Qikiqtaaluk nigiani</a> (South Baffin)</li> <li><a href="#Nunavik">Nunavimmiutitut</a> (Quebec)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuttitut" title="Inuttitut">Inuttitut</a> (Labrador)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuktun" title="Inuktun">Inuktun</a> (Thule)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">Inuktitut syllabics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut Braille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lightcyan;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised minority<br />language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nunavik" title="Nunavik">Nunavik</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> <a href="/wiki/NunatuKavut" title="NunatuKavut">NunatuKavut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inuvialuit_Settlement_Region" title="Inuvialuit Settlement Region">Inuvialuit Settlement Region</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Inuit_Tapiriit_Kanatami" title="Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami">Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami</a> and various other local institutions.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lightcyan;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=iu">iu</a></span></code> Inuktitut</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=202">iku</a></span></code> Inuktitut</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/iku" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:iku">iku</a></code> – inclusive code Inuktitut<br />Individual codes:<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ike" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ike">ike</a></code> – Eastern Canadian Inuktitut<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ikt" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ikt">ikt</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Inuinnaqtun" title="Inuinnaqtun">Inuinnaqtun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/east2534">east2534</a></code>  Eastern Canadian Inuktitut</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/6449">Inuktitut</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=60-ABB">60-ABB</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuktitut_dialect_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Inuktitut_dialect_map.svg/320px-Inuktitut_dialect_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Inuktitut_dialect_map.svg/480px-Inuktitut_dialect_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Inuktitut_dialect_map.svg/640px-Inuktitut_dialect_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="714" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Distribution of <a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit languages</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a>. East Inuktitut dialects are those coloured dark blue (on the south of <a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a>), red, pink, and brown.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuk, ᐃᓄᒃ</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Dual_(grammatical_number)" title="Dual (grammatical number)">Dual</a>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuuk, ᐃᓅᒃ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit languages</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inuit_Nunangat" title="Inuit Nunangat">Inuit Nunangat</a>, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᑦ</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Example.svg/40px-Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Example.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Example.svg/60px-Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Example.svg/80px-Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal syllabic characters</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support#Canadian" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of syllabics.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Inuktitut</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ih-<span style="font-size:90%">NUUK</span>-tə-tuut</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Inuktitut:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="iu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">[inuktiˈtut]</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">syllabics</a></small> <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu-Cans"><b>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ</b></span></span>; from <i lang="iu"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%93%84%E1%92%83#Inuktitut" class="extiw" title="wikt:ᐃᓄᒃ">inuk</a></i>, 'person' + <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">-titut</i></span>, 'like', 'in the manner of'), also known as <b>Eastern Canadian Inuktitut</b>, is one of the principal <a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit languages</a> of Canada. It is spoken in all areas north of the North American <a href="/wiki/Tree_line" title="Tree line">tree line</a>, including parts of the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, to some extent in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>. It is one of the aboriginal languages written with <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal syllabics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is recognized as an official language in Nunavut alongside <a href="/wiki/Inuinnaqtun" title="Inuinnaqtun">Inuinnaqtun</a> and both languages are known collectively as <i><a href="/wiki/Inuktut" title="Inuktut">Inuktut</a></i>. Further, it is recognized as one of eight official native tongues in the Northwest Territories.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also has <a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition" title="Legal recognition">legal recognition</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nunavik" title="Nunavik">Nunavik</a>—a part of Quebec—thanks in part to the <a href="/wiki/James_Bay_and_Northern_Quebec_Agreement" title="James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement">James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement</a>, and is recognized in the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_French_Language" title="Charter of the French Language">Charter of the French Language</a> as the official language of instruction for Inuit school districts there. It also has some recognition in <a href="/wiki/NunatuKavut" title="NunatuKavut">NunatuKavut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</a>—the <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> area in <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a>—following the ratification of its agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">government of Canada</a> and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The <a href="/wiki/2016_Canadian_census" title="2016 Canadian census">2016 Canadian census</a> reports that 70,540 individuals identify themselves as Inuit, of whom 37,570 self-reported Inuktitut as their mother tongue.<sup id="cite_ref-2021_census_L1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_census_L1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2021census_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i>Inuktitut</i> is also the name of a <a href="/wiki/ISO_639_macrolanguage" title="ISO 639 macrolanguage">macrolanguage</a> and, in that context, also includes <a href="/wiki/Inuvialuktun" title="Inuvialuktun">Inuvialuktun</a>, and thus nearly all Inuit dialects of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a> lists all Inuit languages in the Canadian census as Inuktut.<sup id="cite_ref-2021census_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inuktitut_in_the_Canadian_school_system">Inuktitut in the Canadian school system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Inuktitut in the Canadian school system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before contact with Europeans, Inuit learned skills by example and participation. The Inuktitut language provided them with all the vocabulary required to describe traditional practices and natural features.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Up to this point, it was solely an <a href="/wiki/Spoken_language" title="Spoken language">oral language</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism_in_Canada" title="Settler colonialism in Canada">European colonialism</a> brought the schooling system to Canada. The missionaries of the Anglican and Roman Catholic churches were the first ones to deliver formal education to Inuit in schools. The teachers used the Inuktitut language for instruction and developed writing systems.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1928 the first <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">residential school for Inuit</a> opened, and English became the language of instruction. As the government's interests in the north increased, it started taking over the education of Inuit. After the end of World War II, English was seen as the language of communication in all domains. Officials expressed concerns about the difficulty for Inuit to find employment if they were not able to communicate in English. Inuit were supposed to use English at school, work, and even on the playground.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inuit themselves viewed Inuktitut as the way to express their feelings and be linked to their identity, while English was a tool for making money.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1960s, the European attitude towards the Inuktitut language started to change. Inuktitut was seen as a language worth preserving, and it was argued that knowledge, particularly in the first years of school, is best transmitted in the mother tongue. This set off the beginning of bilingual schools. In 1969, most Inuit voted to eliminate federal schools and replace them with programs by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Directorate_of_New_Quebec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Directorate of New Quebec (page does not exist)">General Directorate of New Quebec</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_du_Nouveau-Qu%C3%A9bec" class="extiw" title="fr:Direction générale du Nouveau-Québec">fr</a>]</span> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Direction générale du Nouveau-Québec, DGNQ</i></span>). Content was now taught in Inuktitut, English, and French.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislation">Legislation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inuktitut became one of the official languages in the Northwest Territories in 1984. Its status is secured in the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories#Language" title="Northwest Territories"><i>Northwest Territories Official Language Act</i></a>. With the split of the territory into the NWT and Nunavut in 1999, both territories kept the Language Act.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The autonomous area <a href="/wiki/Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</a> in Labrador made Inuktitut the government language when it was formed in 2005. In Nunavik, the <a href="/wiki/James_Bay_and_Northern_Quebec_Agreement" title="James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement">James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement</a> recognizes Inuktitut in the education system.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages_and_dialects">Languages and dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Languages and dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nunavut">Nunavut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nunavut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nunavut's basic law lists four official languages: English, French, Inuktitut, and <a href="/wiki/Inuinnaqtun" title="Inuinnaqtun">Inuinnaqtun</a>. It is ambiguous in state policy to what degree Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun can be thought of as separate languages. The words <i>Inuktitut</i>, or more correctly <i><a href="/wiki/Inuktut" title="Inuktut">Inuktut</a></i> ('Inuit language') are increasingly used to refer to both Inuinnaqtun and Inuktitut together, or "Inuit languages" in English.<sup id="cite_ref-lang_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nunavut is the home of some 24,000 Inuit, over 80% of whom speak Inuktitut. This includes some 3,500 people reported as monolinguals. The 2001 census data shows that the use of Inuktitut, while lower among the young than the elderly, has stopped declining in Canada as a whole and may even be increasing in Nunavut. </p><p>The South Baffin dialect (<span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Qikiqtaaluk nigiani</i></span>, <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu-Cans">ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ ᓂᒋᐊᓂ</span></span>) is spoken across the southern part of <a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a>, including the territorial capital <a href="/wiki/Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</a>. This has in recent years made it a much more widely heard dialect, since a great deal of Inuktitut media originates in <a href="/wiki/Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</a>. Some linguists also distinguish an <i>East Baffin</i> dialect from either South Baffin or <a href="/wiki/North_Baffin_dialect" title="North Baffin dialect">North Baffin dialect</a>, which is an Inuvialuktun dialect. </p><p>As of the early 2000s, Nunavut has gradually implemented early childhood, elementary, and secondary school-level immersion programs within its education system to further preserve and promote the Inuktitut language. As of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, "Pirurvik, <a href="/wiki/Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</a>'s Inuktitut language training centre, has a new goal: to train instructors from Nunavut communities to teach Inuktitut in different ways and in their own dialects when they return home."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nunavik">Nunavik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nunavik"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> is home to roughly 15,800 Inuit, nearly all of whom live in <a href="/wiki/Nunavik" title="Nunavik">Nunavik</a>. According to the 2021 census, 80.9% of Quebec Inuit speak Inuktitut.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Nunavik dialect (<span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Nunavimmiutitut</i></span>, <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu-Cans">ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᑎᑐᑦ</span></span>) is relatively close to the South Baffin dialect, but not identical. Because of the political and physical boundary between Nunavik and Nunavut, Nunavik has separate government and educational institutions from those in the rest of the Inuktitut-speaking world, resulting in a growing standardization of the local dialect as something separate from other forms of Inuktitut. In the Nunavik dialect, Inuktitut is called <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Nunavimmiutut</i></span> (<span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu-Cans">ᐃᓄᑦᑎᑐᑦ</span></span>). This dialect is also sometimes called <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Tarramiutut</i></span> or <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Taqramiutut</i></span> (<span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu-Cans">ᑕᕐᕋᒥᐅᑐᑦ</span></span> or <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu-Cans">ᑕᖅᕐᕋᒥᐅᑐᑦ</span></span>). </p><p>Sub dialects of Inuktitut in this region include Tarrarmiut and Itivimuit.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Itivimuit is associated with <a href="/wiki/Inukjuak" title="Inukjuak">Inukjuak</a>, Quebec, and there is an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itivimuit_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itivimuit River (page does not exist)">Itivimuit River</a> near the town. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labrador">Labrador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Labrador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</a> dialect (<span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Inuttitut" title="Inuttitut">Inuttitut</a></i></span> <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu-Cans">ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕗᒻᒥᐅᑐᑦ</span></span> or, often in government documents, <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Labradorimiutut</i></span>) was once spoken across northern <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a>. It has a distinct writing system, developed in Greenland in the 1760s by German missionaries from the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian Church</a>. This separate writing tradition, the remoteness of Nunatsiavut from other Inuit communities, has made it into a distinct dialect with a separate literary tradition. The Nunatsiavummiut call their language <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Inuttut</i></span> (<span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu-Cans">ᐃᓄᑦᑐᑦ</span></span>). </p><p>Although Nunatsiavut claims over 4,000 inhabitants of Inuit descent, only 550 reported Inuktitut to be their native language in the 2001 census, mostly in the town of <a href="/wiki/Nain,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador">Nain</a>. Inuktitut is seriously endangered in Labrador. </p><p>Nunatsiavut also had a separate dialect reputedly much closer to western Inuktitut dialects, spoken in the area around <a href="/wiki/Rigolet,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigolet, Newfoundland and Labrador">Rigolet</a>. According to news reports, in 1999 it had only three very elderly speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greenland">Greenland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Greenland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though often thought to be a dialect of <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inuktun" title="Inuktun">Inuktun</a> or Polar Eskimo is a recent arrival in Greenland from the Eastern Canadian Arctic, arriving perhaps as late as the 18th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inuit_Nunaat_and_Inuit_Nunangat">Inuit Nunaat and Inuit Nunangat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Inuit Nunaat and Inuit Nunangat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout <a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_territories_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_North_America#Inuit_Nunaat" title="List of traditional territories of the Indigenous peoples of North America">Inuit Nunaat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inuit_Nunangat" title="Inuit Nunangat">Inuit Nunangat</a> the <a href="/wiki/Inuktut" title="Inuktut">Inuktut</a> is used to refer to Inuktitut and all other dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-ITH1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITH1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is used by <a href="/wiki/Inuit_Tapiriit_Kanatami" title="Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami">Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Inuit_Circumpolar_Council" title="Inuit Circumpolar Council">Inuit Circumpolar Council</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Nunavut#Government" title="Nunavut">Government of Nunavut</a> throughout <a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_territories_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_North_America#Inuit_Nunaat" title="List of traditional territories of the Indigenous peoples of North America">Inuit Nunaat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inuit_Nunangat" title="Inuit Nunangat">Inuit Nunangat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ITH1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITH1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ICC1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICC1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ICC2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICC2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OLC1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OLC1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OLC2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OLC2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inuit_phonology" title="Inuit phonology">Inuit phonology</a></div> <p>Eastern dialects of Inuktitut have fifteen <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonants</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a> (which can be long or short). Consonants are arranged with six <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">places of articulation</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">bilabial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">labiodental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">palatal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">velar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">uvular</a>; and three <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manners of articulation</a>: voiceless <a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">stops</a>, voiced <a href="/wiki/Continuant" title="Continuant">continuants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasals</a>, as well as two additional sounds—voiceless <a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">fricatives</a>. <a href="/wiki/Natsilingmiutut" title="Natsilingmiutut">Natsilingmiutut</a> has an additional consonant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɟ/</span>, a vestige of the <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">retroflex consonants</a> of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Inuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Inuit">Proto-Inuit</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inuinnaqtun" title="Inuinnaqtun">Inuinnaqtun</a> has one fewer consonant, as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬ/</span> have merged into <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span>. All dialects of Inuktitut have only three basic vowels and make a phonological distinction between short and long forms of all vowels. In <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Inuujingajut</i></span>—Nunavut standard Roman orthography—long vowels are written as a double vowel. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption><b>Inuktitut vowels</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th></th> <th>IPA</th> <th>Inuujingajut</th> <th><i>Notes</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">open front unrounded </th> <td>Short </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>/</span></td> <td><b>a</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Long </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">aː</a>/</span></td> <td><b>aa</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">closed front unrounded </th> <td>Short </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span></td> <td><b>i</b></td> <td align="left">Short <b>i</b> is realized as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛ]</span> before uvular consonants <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʁ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[q]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Long </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a>/</span></td> <td><b>ii</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">closed back rounded </th> <td>Short </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span></td> <td><b>u</b></td> <td align="left">Short <b>u</b> is realized as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔ]</span> before uvular consonants <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʁ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[q]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Long </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a>/</span></td> <td><b>uu</b></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Inuktitut consonants in <i>Inuujingajut</i> and <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a> notation</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">Coronal</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottalic_consonant" title="Glottalic consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Stop</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-voiced_palatal_stop_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voiced_palatal_stop-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Siglitun1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siglitun1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Siglitun2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siglitun2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <th><small>plain</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Assimilation_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Assimilation-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-glottal_/h/_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glottal_/h/-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>lateral</small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">ɬ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-voiced_palatal_stop-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-voiced_palatal_stop_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The voiced palatal stop is absent from many dialects and is not written with a separate letter. If a distinction needs to be made between /j/ and /ɟ/, it is written as r̂.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siglitun1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Siglitun1_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the <a href="/wiki/Siglitun" class="mw-redirect" title="Siglitun">Siglitun</a> dialect, k is always pronounced as a fricative /x/. In other dialects, the fricative realization is possible between vowels or vowels and <a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">approximants</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siglitun2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Siglitun2_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the <a href="/wiki/Siglitun" class="mw-redirect" title="Siglitun">Siglitun</a> dialect, g is always pronounced as a fricative /ɣ/. In other dialects, the fricative realization is possible between vowels or vowels and approximants.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Assimilation-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Assimilation_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʁ/</span> <a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assimilation (linguistics)">assimilates</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a>]</span> before nasals.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glottal_/h/-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-glottal_/h/_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">/h/ replaces /s/ in <a href="/wiki/Kivalliq_dialect" title="Kivalliq dialect">Kivallirmiutut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natsilingmiutut" title="Natsilingmiutut">Natsilingmiutut</a>, and replaces both /s/ and /ɬ/ in Inuinnaqtun.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>All voiceless stops are unaspirated, like in many other languages. The voiceless uvular stop is usually written as q, but sometimes written as r. The voiceless lateral fricative is <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanized</a> as ɬ, but is often written as &, or simply as l. </p><p>/ŋ/ is spelt as ng, and geminated /ŋ/ is spelt as nng. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inuit_grammar" title="Inuit grammar">Inuit grammar</a></div> <p>Inuktitut, like other <a href="/wiki/Eskaleut_languages" title="Eskaleut languages">Eskaleut languages</a>, has a very rich <a href="/wiki/Morphophonology" title="Morphophonology">morphological</a> system, in which a succession of different <a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">morphemes</a> are added to root words to indicate things that, in languages like English, would require several words to express. (See also: <a href="/wiki/Agglutinative_language" title="Agglutinative language">Agglutinative language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polysynthetic_language" title="Polysynthetic language">Polysynthetic language</a>.) All words begin with a root morpheme to which other morphemes are suffixed. Inuktitut has hundreds of distinct suffixes, in some dialects as many as 700. However, it is highly regular, with rules that do not have exceptions like in English and other <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a>, though they are sometimes very complicated. </p><p>One example is the word <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">qangatasuukkuvimmuuriaqalaaqtunga</i></span> (<span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu-Cans">ᖃᖓᑕᓲᒃᑯᕕᒻᒨᕆᐊᖃᓛᖅᑐᖓ</span></span>) meaning 'I'll have to go to the airport:<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">Morpheme</a> </th> <th scope="col">Meaning </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Morphophonology" title="Morphophonology">Morphophonological</a> changes </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">qangata</i></span></td> <td>verbal root</td> <td>to raise/to be raised in the air</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">suuq</i></span></td> <td>verb-to-noun suffix</td> <td>one who habitually performs an action;<br />thus <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">qangatasuuq</i></span>: airplane</td> <td>-q is deleted </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">kkut</i></span></td> <td>noun-to-noun suffix</td> <td>group</td> <td>-t is deleted </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">vik</i></span></td> <td>noun-to-noun suffix</td> <td>enormous;<br />thus <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">qangatasuukkuvik</i></span>: airport</td> <td>-k changes to -m </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">mut</i></span></td> <td>noun ending</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Dative_case" title="Dative case">dative</a> <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number" title="Grammatical number">singular</a>,</i> to</td> <td>-t+a changes to -u </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">aq</i></span></td> <td>noun-to-verb suffix</td> <td>arrival at a place; to go</td> <td>-q+ja is deleted </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">jariaq</i></span></td> <td>verb-to-noun suffix</td> <td>the obligation to perform an action</td> <td>-q is deleted </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">qaq</i></span></td> <td>noun-to-verb suffix</td> <td>to have</td> <td>-q is deleted </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">laaq</i></span></td> <td>verb-to-verb suffix</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Future_tense" title="Future tense">future tense</a>,</i> will</td> <td>-q+j changes to -q+t </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">junga</i></span></td> <td>verb ending</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Participle" title="Participle">participle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_person" title="Grammatical person">first person</a> <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number" title="Grammatical number">singular</a>,</i> I</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing">Writing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_alphabets">Latin alphabets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Latin alphabets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The western part of Nunavut and the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> use a Latin alphabet usually called <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Inuinnaqtun" title="Inuinnaqtun">Inuinnaqtun</a></i></span> or <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Qaliujaaqpait</i></span>, reflecting the predispositions of the missionaries who reached this area in the late 19th century and early 20th. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravian</a> missionaries, with the purpose of introducing Inuit to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, contributed to the development of an Inuktitut alphabet in <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> during the 1760s that was based on the Latin script. (This alphabet is distinguished by its inclusion of the letter <a href="/wiki/Kra_(letter)" title="Kra (letter)">kra</a>, ĸ.) They later travelled to Labrador in the 1800s, bringing the Inuktitut alphabet with them. </p><p>The Alaskan <a href="/wiki/Yupik_peoples" title="Yupik peoples">Yupik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inupiat_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Inupiat people">Inupiat</a> (who additionally developed <a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">their own syllabary</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Yupik" title="Siberian Yupik">Siberian Yupik</a> also adopted Latin alphabets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qaniujaaqpait"><i>Qaniujaaqpait</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Qaniujaaqpait"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most Inuktitut in Nunavut and Nunavik is written using a scheme called <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Qaniujaaqpait</i></span> or <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">Inuktitut syllabics</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal syllabics</a>. </p><p>In the 1860s, missionaries imported this system of <i>Qaniujaaqpait</i>, which they had developed in their efforts to convert the <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, to the Eastern Canadian Inuit. The <a href="/wiki/Netsilik" title="Netsilik">Netsilik Inuit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kugaaruk" title="Kugaaruk">Kugaaruk</a> and north <a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a> adopted <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Qaniujaaqpait</i></span> by the 1920s. </p><p>In September 2019, a unified orthography called Inuktut Qaliujaaqpait, based on the Latin alphabet without diacritics, was adopted for all varieties of Inuktitut by the national organization <a href="/wiki/Inuit_Tapiriit_Kanatami" title="Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami">Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami</a>, after eight years of work. It was developed by Inuit to be used by speakers of any dialect from any region, and can be typed on electronic devices without specialized keyboard layouts. It does not replace syllabics, and people from the regions are not required to stop using their familiar writing systems. Implementation plans are to be established for each region. It includes letters such as <i>ff</i>, <i>ch</i>, and <i>rh</i>, the sounds for which exist in some dialects but do not have standard equivalents in syllabics. It establishes a standard alphabet but not spelling or grammar rules.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long vowels are written by doubling the vowel (e.g., <i>aa</i>, <i>ii</i>, <i>uu</i>). The apostrophe represents a <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a> when after a vowel (e.g., <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">maꞌna</i></span>), or separates an <i>n</i> from an <i>ng</i> (e.g., <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">avin'ngaq</i></span>) or an <i>r</i> from an <i>rh</i> (e.g., <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">qar'rhuk</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Inuktut Qaliujaaqpait<sup id="cite_ref-:3_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>IPA </th> <th>Consonant </th> <th>a </th> <th>i </th> <th>u </th></tr> <tr> <td>p </td> <td>p </td> <td>pa </td> <td>pi </td> <td>pu </td></tr> <tr> <td>t </td> <td>t </td> <td>ta </td> <td>ti </td> <td>tu </td></tr> <tr> <td>k </td> <td>k </td> <td>ka </td> <td>ki </td> <td>ku </td></tr> <tr> <td>q </td> <td>q </td> <td>qa </td> <td>qi </td> <td>qu </td></tr> <tr> <td>s </td> <td>s </td> <td>sa </td> <td>si </td> <td>su </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɬ </td> <td>hl </td> <td>hla </td> <td>hli </td> <td>hlu </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʂ </td> <td>shr </td> <td>shra </td> <td>shri </td> <td>shru </td></tr> <tr> <td>h </td> <td>h </td> <td>ha </td> <td>hi </td> <td>hu </td></tr> <tr> <td>v </td> <td>v </td> <td>va </td> <td>vi </td> <td>vu </td></tr> <tr> <td>l </td> <td>l </td> <td>la </td> <td>li </td> <td>lu </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a> </td> <td>rh </td> <td>rha </td> <td>rhi </td> <td>rhu </td></tr> <tr> <td>j </td> <td>j </td> <td>ja </td> <td>ji </td> <td>ju </td></tr> <tr> <td>g </td> <td>g </td> <td>ga </td> <td>gi </td> <td>gu </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʁ </td> <td>r </td> <td>ra </td> <td>ri </td> <td>ru </td></tr> <tr> <td>m </td> <td>m </td> <td>ma </td> <td>mi </td> <td>mu </td></tr> <tr> <td>n </td> <td>n </td> <td>na </td> <td>ni </td> <td>nu </td></tr> <tr> <td>ŋ </td> <td>ng </td> <td>nga </td> <td>ngi </td> <td>ngu </td></tr> <tr> <td>ŋŋ </td> <td>nng </td> <td>nnga </td> <td>nngi </td> <td>nngu </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a> </td> <td>ꞌ </td> <td>aꞌ </td> <td>iꞌ </td> <td>uꞌ </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuktitut.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Inuktitut.svg/489px-Inuktitut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="489" height="445" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Inuktitut.svg/734px-Inuktitut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Inuktitut.svg/978px-Inuktitut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption>The syllabary used to write Inuktitut (<span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">titirausiq nutaaq</i></span>). The extra characters with the dots represent long vowels; in the Latin transcription, the vowel would be doubled.</figcaption></figure> <p>In April 2012, with the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, the first complete Bible in Inuktitut, translated by native speakers, was published.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noted literature in Inuktitut has included the novels <i>Harpoon of the Hunter</i> by <a href="/wiki/Markoosie_Patsauq" title="Markoosie Patsauq">Markoosie Patsauq</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-collections_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collections-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sanaaq" title="Sanaaq">Sanaaq</a></i></span> by <a href="/wiki/Mitiarjuk_Nappaaluk" title="Mitiarjuk Nappaaluk">Mitiarjuk Nappaaluk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-southern_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southern-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Canadian_syllabary">The Canadian syllabary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The Canadian syllabary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">Inuktitut syllabics</a></div> <p>The Inuktitut syllabary used in Canada is based on the <a href="/wiki/Cree_syllabics" title="Cree syllabics">Cree syllabary</a> devised by the missionary <a href="/wiki/James_Evans_(linguist)" title="James Evans (linguist)">James Evans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The present form of the syllabary for Canadian Inuktitut was adopted by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuit_Cultural_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inuit Cultural Institute (page does not exist)">Inuit Cultural Institute</a> in Canada in the 1970s. Inuit in Alaska, <a href="/wiki/Inuvialuit" title="Inuvialuit">Inuvialuit</a>, Inuinnaqtun speakers, and Inuit in <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a> use Latin alphabets. </p><p>Though conventionally called a <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">syllabary</a>, the writing system has been classified by some observers as an <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a>, since syllables starting with the same consonant have related <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyphs</a> rather than unrelated ones. </p><p>All of the characters needed for the Inuktitut syllabary are available in the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> block <a href="/wiki/Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics" title="Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics">Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics</a>. The territorial government of <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, Canada, has developed <a href="/wiki/TrueType" title="TrueType">TrueType</a> <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">fonts</a> called <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Pigiarniq</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-Tiro_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tiro-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pigiarniq_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pigiarniq-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓂᖅ</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="iu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">[pi.ɡi.aʁ.ˈniq]</a></span>), <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Uqammaq</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-Tiro_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tiro-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Uqammaq_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uqammaq-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">ᐅᖃᒻᒪᖅ</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="iu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">[u.qam.maq]</a></span>), and<span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_(typeface)" title="Euphemia (typeface)">Euphemia</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-Tiro_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tiro-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Euphemia_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euphemia-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">ᐅᕓᒥᐊ</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="iu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">[u.vai.mi.a]</a></span>) for computer displays. They were designed by <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>-based Tiro Typeworks. Apple Macintosh computers include an Inuktitut IME (Input Method Editor) as part of keyboard language options.<sup id="cite_ref-fonts_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fonts-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> distributions provide locale and language support for <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_language" title="Iñupiaq language">Iñupiaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Kalaallisut</a> and Inuktitut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Braille">Braille</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Braille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut Braille</a></div> <p>In 2012 Tamara Kearney, Manager of Braille Research and Development at the Commonwealth Braille and Talking Book Cooperative, developed a Braille code for the Inuktitut language syllabics. This code is based on representing the syllabics' orientation. Machine translation from Unicode <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> and <a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a> can be performed using the Liblouis Braille translation system<ref>{{Cite web|url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://liblouis.io/">https://liblouis.io/</a> |title=Liblouis |access-date= which includes an <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut Braille</a> translation table. The book <span title="Eastern Canadian Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="ike">ᐃᓕᐊᕐᔪᒃ ᓇᓄᕐᓗ</span></span> (<i>The Orphan and the Polar Bear</i>) became the first work ever translated into Inuktitut Braille, and a copy is held at the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Nunavut_Public_Library_Services" title="Nunavut Public Library Services">Nunavut Public Library Services</a> at <a href="/wiki/Baker_Lake,_Nunavut" title="Baker Lake, Nunavut">Baker Lake</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thule_people" title="Thule people">Thule people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2021_census_L1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021_census_L1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_census_L1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/dv-vd/language-langue/index-en.html">"Mother tongue by geography, 2021 Census"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>. 17 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=Mother+tongue+by+geography%2C+2021+Census&rft.date=2022-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fdv-vd%2Flanguage-langue%2Findex-en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021_census_L1+L2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021_census_L1+L2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810021601">"Knowledge of languages by age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>. 17 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=Knowledge+of+languages+by+age+and+gender%3A+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories%2C+census+divisions+and+census+subdivisions&rft.date=2022-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D9810021601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Inuktitut">"Inuktitut"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Inuktitut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FInuktitut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190912021135/https://www.wintranslation.com/indigenous-languages-facts/">"field to show translation -> 10 facts about Canadian Aboriginal Languages"</a>. Wintranslation.com. 12 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wintranslation.com/2014/02/12/aboriginal-languages-facts/">the original</a> on 12 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=field+to+show+translation+-%3E+10+facts+about+Canadian+Aboriginal+Languages&rft.pub=Wintranslation.com&rft.date=2014-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wintranslation.com%2F2014%2F02%2F12%2Faboriginal-languages-facts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorais2010" class="citation book cs1">Dorais, Louis-Jacques (2010). <i>The language of the Inuit: syntax, semantics, and society in the Arctic</i>. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773544451" title="Special:BookSources/9780773544451"><bdi>9780773544451</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/767733303">767733303</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+language+of+the+Inuit%3A+syntax%2C+semantics%2C+and+society+in+the+Arctic&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F767733303&rft.isbn=9780773544451&rft.aulast=Dorais&rft.aufirst=Louis-Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021census-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021census_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021census_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/download-telecharger/comp/GetFile.cfm?Lang=E&FILETYPE=CSV&GEONO=001">"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population, Comprehensive download files, Canada, provinces and territories"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(CSV)</span>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>. 5 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2021+Census+of+Population%2C+Comprehensive+download+files%2C+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories&rft.date=2022-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fdownload-telecharger%2Fcomp%2FGetFile.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26FILETYPE%3DCSV%26GEONO%3D001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/iku/">"Inuktitut | Ethnologue Free"</a>. <i>Ethnologue (Free All)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue+%28Free+All%29&rft.atitle=Inuktitut+%7C+Ethnologue+Free&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fiku%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorais1995" class="citation journal cs1">Dorais, Louis-Jacques (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.brandonu.ca/cjns/15.2/dorais.pdf">"Language, culture and identity: some Inuit examples"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Canadian Journal of Native Studies</i>. <b>15</b> (2): 129–308.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Native+Studies&rft.atitle=Language%2C+culture+and+identity%3A+some+Inuit+examples&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=129-308&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Dorais&rft.aufirst=Louis-Jacques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.brandonu.ca%2Fcjns%2F15.2%2Fdorais.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabbi2003" class="citation web cs1">Fabbi, Nadine (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.k12studycanada.org/files/Inuktitut.pdf">"Inuktitut – the Inuit Language"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>K12 Study Canada</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Speech-Language+Pathology+and+Audiology&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+an+Inuktitut+and+English+Language+Screening+Tool+in+Nunavut&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=168-177&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Dench&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Cleave%2C+Patricia+L.&rft.au=Tagak%2C+Jane&rft.au=Beddard%2C+Janice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcjslpa.ca%2Ffiles%2F2011_CJSLPA_Vol_35%2FNo_02_103-213%2FDench_Cleave_Tagak_Beddard_CJSLPA_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber2019" class="citation news cs1">Weber, Bob (6 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-inuit-combine-nine-different-scripts-for-writing-inuktitut-into-one-2/">"Inuit combine nine different scripts for writing Inuktitut into one"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Inuit+combine+nine+different+scripts+for+writing+Inuktitut+into+one&rft.date=2019-10-06&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fcanada%2Farticle-inuit-combine-nine-different-scripts-for-writing-inuktitut-into-one-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nunatsiaq.com/stories/article/national-inuit-org-approves-standard-roman-orthography-for-all-dialects/">"National Inuit org approves new unified writing system"</a>. <i>Nunatsiaq News</i>. 27 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nunatsiaq+News&rft.atitle=National+Inuit+org+approves+new+unified+writing+system&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnunatsiaq.com%2Fstories%2Farticle%2Fnational-inuit-org-approves-standard-roman-orthography-for-all-dialects%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itk.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/inuktut-qaliujaaqpait-character-chart.pdf">"Inuktut Qaliujaaqpait"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inuit+Tapiriit+Kanatami&rft.atitle=Inuktut+Qaliujaaqpait&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itk.ca%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F09%2Finuktut-qaliujaaqpait-character-chart.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nnsl.com/northern-news-services/stories/papers/apr23_12bb.html">Hebrew Bible published in Eskimo language</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108093615/http://nnsl.com/northern-news-services/stories/papers/apr23_12bb.html">Archived</a> 8 November 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/News/North" title="News/North">News/North</a> Nunavut, 23 April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collections-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-collections_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectionscanada.ca/literaryarchives/027011-200.086-e.html">"MARKOOSIE, 1942-: LMS-0017"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171015095215/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/literaryarchives/027011-200.086-e.html">Archived</a> 15 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collections_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Collections Canada">Collections Canada</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-southern-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-southern_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2014" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Keavy (17 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/book-reviews/southern-readers-finally-get-a-chance-to-read-mitiarjuk-nappaaluk-the-accidental-inuit-novelist/article16389857/">"Southern readers finally get a chance to read Mitiarjuk Nappaaluk, the accidental Inuit novelist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Southern+readers+finally+get+a+chance+to+read+Mitiarjuk+Nappaaluk%2C+the+accidental+Inuit+novelist&rft.date=2014-01-17&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Keavy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Farts%2Fbooks-and-media%2Fbook-reviews%2Fsouthern-readers-finally-get-a-chance-to-read-mitiarjuk-nappaaluk-the-accidental-inuit-novelist%2Farticle16389857%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediscoverblog.com/2015/06/11/aboriginal-syllabic-scripts/">Aboriginal syllabic scripts</a> <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tiro-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tiro_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tiro_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tiro_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tiro.com/syllabics/resources/index.html">Tiro Typeworks: Syllabics Resources</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pigiarniq-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pigiarniq_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tiro.com/syllabics/resources/compiled_data_sources/Fonts/Pigiarniq/Pigiarniq1.2.zip">Pigiarniq Font Download</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Uqammaq-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Uqammaq_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tiro.com/syllabics/resources/compiled_data_sources/Fonts/Uqammaq/Uqammaq_win_ttf.zip">Uqammaq Font Download</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Euphemia-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Euphemia_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tiro.com/syllabics/resources/compiled_data_sources/Fonts/Euphemia/%202.6.6%20Euphemia%20UCAS.zip">Euphemia Font Download</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fonts-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fonts_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181014145411/http://www.pirurvik.ca/en/productions/iu-computing/font-download">"Inuktitut Syllabic Fonts – Download"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pirurvik.ca/en/productions/iu-computing/font-download">the original</a> on 14 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inuktitut+Syllabic+Fonts+%E2%80%93+Download&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pirurvik.ca%2Fen%2Fproductions%2Fiu-computing%2Ffont-download&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallon" class="citation web cs1">Mallon, Mick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inuktitutcomputing.ca/Technocrats/ILFT.php">"Inuktitut Linguistics for Technocrats"</a>. Inuktitutcomputing.ca.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inuktitut+Linguistics+for+Technocrats&rft.pub=Inuktitutcomputing.ca&rft.aulast=Mallon&rft.aufirst=Mick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inuktitutcomputing.ca%2FTechnocrats%2FILFT.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallon1991" class="citation book cs1">Mallon, Mick (1991). <i>Introductory Inuktitut</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7717-0230-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7717-0230-2"><bdi>0-7717-0230-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introductory+Inuktitut&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-7717-0230-2&rft.aulast=Mallon&rft.aufirst=Mick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallon" class="citation book cs1">Mallon, Mick. <i>Introductory Inuktitut Reference Grammar</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7717-0235-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7717-0235-3"><bdi>0-7717-0235-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introductory+Inuktitut+Reference+Grammar&rft.isbn=0-7717-0235-3&rft.aulast=Mallon&rft.aufirst=Mick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpalding1998" class="citation book cs1">Spalding, Alex (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130101030043/http://www.inuktitutcomputing.ca/Spalding/en/spalding.shtml"><i>Inuktitut: A multi-dialectal outline dictionary (with an Aivilingmiutaq base)</i></a>. Nunavut Arctic College. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-896204-29-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-896204-29-5"><bdi>1-896204-29-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inuktitutcomputing.ca/Spalding/en/spalding.shtml">the original</a> on 1 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inuktitut%3A+A+multi-dialectal+outline+dictionary+%28with+an+Aivilingmiutaq+base%29&rft.pub=Nunavut+Arctic+College&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-896204-29-5&rft.aulast=Spalding&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inuktitutcomputing.ca%2FSpalding%2Fen%2Fspalding.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpalding1992" class="citation book cs1">Spalding, Alex (1992). <i>Inuktitut: a Grammar of North Baffin Dialects</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-920063-43-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-920063-43-8"><bdi>0-920063-43-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inuktitut%3A+a+Grammar+of+North+Baffin+Dialects&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-920063-43-8&rft.aulast=Spalding&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectionscanada.ca/inuit/020018-1200-e.html">"The Inuktitut Language"</a>. <i>Project Naming | the identification of Inuit portrayed in photographic collections at Library and Archives Canada</i>. Collectionscanada.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180123004727/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/inuit/020018-1200-e.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Project+Naming+%26%23124%3B+the+identification+of+Inuit+portrayed+in+photographic+collections+at+Library+and+Archives+Canada&rft.atitle=The+Inuktitut+Language&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.ca%2Finuit%2F020018-1200-e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000861/086162e.pdf">"Arctic Languages: An Awakening"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arctic+Languages%3A+An+Awakening&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0008%2F000861%2F086162e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2.68 MB)</span>, ed: Dirmid R. F. Collis. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-3-102661-5" title="Special:BookSources/92-3-102661-5">92-3-102661-5</a>.</li></ul> <p>Although as many of the examples as possible are novel or extracted from Inuktitut texts, some of the examples in this article are drawn from <i>Introductory Inuktitut</i> and <i>Inuktitut Linguistics for Technocrats</i>. </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanley_Allen" title="Shanley Allen">Allen, Shanley</a>. <i>Aspects of Argument Structure Acquisition in Inuktitut</i>. Language acquisition & language disorders, v. 13. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55619-776-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-55619-776-4">1-55619-776-4</a></li> <li>Balt, Peter. <i>Inuktitut Affixes</i>. Rankin Inlet? N.W.T.: s.n, 1978.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fortescue" title="Michael Fortescue">Fortescue, Michael</a>, Steven Jacobson, and Lawrence Kaplan. <i>Comparative Eskimo Dictionary with Aleut Cognates – second edition.</i> Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1555001092" title="Special:BookSources/1555001092">1555001092</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Kalmar" title="Ivan Kalmar">Kalmar, Ivan</a>. <i>Case and Context in Inuktitut (Eskimo)</i>. Mercury series. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1979.</li> <li>Nowak, Elke. <i>Transforming the Images Ergativity and Transitivity in Inuktitut (Eskimo)</i>. Empirical approaches to language typology, 15. New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-014980-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-014980-X">3-11-014980-X</a></li> <li>Schneider, Lucien. <i>Ulirnaisigutiit An Inuktitut–English Dictionary of Northern Québec, Labrador, and Eastern Arctic Dialects (with an English-Inuktitut Index)</i>. Québec: Les Presses de l'Université Laval, 1985.</li> <li>Spalding, Alex, and Thomas Kusugaq. <i>Inuktitut A Multi-Dialectal Outline Dictionary (with an Aivilingmiutaq Base)</i>. Iqaluit, NT: Nunavut Arctic College, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-896204-29-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-896204-29-5">1-896204-29-5</a></li> <li>Swift, Mary D. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/54989188?page=frame&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Ftoc%2Fecip0417%2F2004008874.html&title=&linktype=digitalObject&detail=">Time in Child Inuktitut A Developmental Study of an Eskimo–Aleut Language</a></i>. Studies on language acquisition, 24. Berlin: M. de Gruyter, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-018120-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-018120-7">3-11-018120-7</a></li> <li>Thibert, Arthur. <i>Eskimo–English, English–Eskimo Dictionary = Inuktitut–English, English–Inuktitut Dictionary</i>. Ottawa: Laurier Books, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-895959-12-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-895959-12-8">1-895959-12-8</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="iu:"> Inuktitut edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Inuktitut" class="extiw" title="oldwikisource:Category:Inuktitut"> Inuktitut repository</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>, the free library</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Inuktitut_phrasebook#Q29921" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Inuktitut phrasebook">Inuktitut</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dictionaries_and_lexica">Dictionaries and lexica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Dictionaries and lexica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050930090412/http://web.uni-frankfurt.de/fb08/IHE/download/InukMorphList.pdf">"Inuktitut Morphology List"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.uni-frankfurt.de/fb08/IHE/download/InukMorphList.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 September 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inuktitut+Morphology+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.uni-frankfurt.de%2Ffb08%2FIHE%2Fdownload%2FInukMorphList.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInuktitut" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(133 KB)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Webpages">Webpages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Webpages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050406033718/http://www.aipainunavik.com/about/e_brief_history.html">A Brief History of Inuktitut Writing Culture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languagegeek.com/inu/inu_syllabarium.html">Inuktitut Syllabarium (Languagegeek)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nunavut.com/nunavut99/english/our.html">Our Language, Our Selves</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051111140658/http://www.nunavut.com/nunavut99/english/our.html">Archived</a> 11 November 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524063542/http://www.ch.gov.nu.ca/en/ComputerTools.aspx">Government of Nunavut font download</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080908111037/http://www.attavik.net/">Inuktitut-friendly website hosting and development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tusaalanga.ca/">Tusaalanga</a> ("Let me hear it"), a website with Inuktitut online lessons with sound files</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities">Utilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuktitut&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Utilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070707091624/http://www.inuktitutcomputing.ca/NRCInuktitutSearchEngine/en/index.jsp">NANIVARA – Inuktitut Search Engine</a>. – NANIVARA means "I've found it!" in Inuktitut.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eskaleut_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eskaleut_languages" title="Template:Eskaleut languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eskaleut_languages" title="Template talk:Eskaleut languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eskaleut_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eskaleut languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eskaleut_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eskaleut_languages" title="Eskaleut languages">Eskaleut languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aleut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Aleut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mednyj_Aleut_language" title="Mednyj Aleut language">Mednyj Aleut</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_-01.svg/200px-Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_-01.svg/300px-Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_-01.svg/400px-Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="264" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eskimoan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Greenlandic" title="West Greenlandic">Kalaallisut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunumiit_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunumiit dialect">Tunumiit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inuktitut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Baffin_dialect" title="North Baffin dialect">North Baffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuttitut" title="Inuttitut">Inuttitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuktun" title="Inuktun">Inuktun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuvialuktun" title="Inuvialuktun">Inuvialuktun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siglitun" class="mw-redirect" title="Siglitun">Siglitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aivilik_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Aivilik dialect">Aivilik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuinnaqtun" title="Inuinnaqtun">Inuinnaqtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangiryuarmiutun" title="Kangiryuarmiutun">Kangiryuarmiutun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivalliq_dialect" title="Kivalliq dialect">Kivalliq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natsilingmiutut" title="Natsilingmiutut">Netsilik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkuhiksalik" title="Utkuhiksalik">Utkuhiksalik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_language" title="Iñupiaq language">Iñupiaq</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq Braille</a>)</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qawiaraq_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Qawiaraq dialect">Qawiaraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uummarmiutun" title="Uummarmiutun">Uummarmiutun</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yupik_languages" title="Yupik languages">Yupik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alutiiq_language" title="Alutiiq language">Alutiiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Alaskan_Yup%CA%BCik" title="Central Alaskan Yupʼik">Central Alaskan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Alaskan_Yup%CA%BCik" title="Central Alaskan Yupʼik">Yugtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunivak_Cup%CA%BCig_language" title="Nunivak Cupʼig language">Nunivak Cup'ig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevak_Cup%EA%9E%8Cik_dialect" title="Chevak Cupꞌik dialect">Chevak Cup’ik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Siberian_Yupik_language" title="Central Siberian Yupik language">Central Siberian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaplino_dialect" title="Chaplino dialect">Chaplino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Island_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Lawrence Island dialect">St. Lawrence Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naukan_Yupik_language" title="Naukan Yupik language">Naukan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sirenik_language" title="Sirenik language">Sirenik</a><sup>2</sup></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Eskaleut_language" title="Proto-Eskaleut language">Proto-Eskaleut</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Eskimoan_language" title="Proto-Eskimoan language">Proto-Eskimoan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">Inuktitut syllabics</a> (writing system)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_phonology" title="Inuit phonology">Inuit phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_grammar" title="Inuit grammar">Inuit grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaktovik_numerals" title="Kaktovik numerals">Kaktovik numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun script</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></li></ul> <ul><li>1: The Inuit language 'family' is a continuum of dialects</li> <li>2: Some linguists classify Sirenik as under a separate branch</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Nunavut" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Nunavut" title="Template:Languages of Nunavut"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Nunavut" title="Template talk:Languages of Nunavut"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Nunavut" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Nunavut"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Nunavut" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Languages of <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">French</a></li> <li>Inuit Language <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuinnaqtun" title="Inuinnaqtun">Inuinnaqtun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inuktitut</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Oral Indigenous <br /> languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Den%C3%A9%E2%80%93Yeniseian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Dené–Yeniseian languages">Dené–Yeniseian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Dënesųłiné (ᑌᓀᓱᒼᕄᓀ)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inuvialuktun" title="Inuvialuktun">Inuvialuktun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Baffin_dialect" title="North Baffin dialect">Iglulingmiut / Qikiqtaaluk uannangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuinnaqtun" title="Inuinnaqtun">Inuinnaqtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aivilik_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Aivilik dialect">Kangiqłniq / Aivilingmiutut / Aivilimmiutut / Aivillirmiut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangiryuarmiutun" title="Kangiryuarmiutun">Kangiryuarmiutun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivalliq_dialect" title="Kivalliq dialect">Kivallirmiutut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netsilik_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Netsilik dialect">Nattiliŋmiutut (ᓇᑦᓯᓕᖕᒥᐅᑦᑐᑦ)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utkuhiksalik" title="Utkuhiksalik">Utkuhiksalingmiutitut (ᐅᑦᑯhᐃᒃᓴᓕᖕᒥᐅᑎᑐᑦ)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inuktitut<br />(ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Baffin_dialect" title="North Baffin dialect">Iglulingmiut / Qikiqtaaluk uannangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aivilik_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Aivilik dialect">Kangiqłniq / Aivilingmiutut / Aivilimmiutut / Aivillirmiut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivalliq_dialect" title="Kivalliq dialect">Kivallirmiutut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuttitut" title="Inuttitut">Nunatsiavummiutut / NunatuKavummiutut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Manual languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language_family" title="French Sign Language family">Francosign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inuit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_Sign_Language" title="Inuit Sign Language">Inuit Uukturausingit (ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐆᒃᑐᕋᐅᓯᖏᑦ)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settler-colonial<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">French</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Quebec" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Quebec" title="Template:Languages of Quebec"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Quebec" title="Template talk:Languages of Quebec"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Quebec" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Quebec"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Quebec" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Quebec">Languages of Quebec</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_French" title="Quebec French">French</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Oral Indigenous <br /> languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malecite-Passamaquoddy_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malecite-Passamaquoddy language">Malecite-Passamaquoddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_language" title="Mi'kmaq language">Míkmaq</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Anishinaabemowin <br /> (ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_language" title="Abenaki language">Wôbanakiôdwawôgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algonquin_language" title="Algonquin language">Anicinâbemowin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atikamekw_language" title="Atikamekw language">Atikamekw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Cree" title="East Cree">Īyiyū Ayimūn / Īnū Ayimūn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naskapi" title="Naskapi">iyuw iyimuun (ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Innu language">Innu-aimun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nunavimmiutitut (ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᑎᑐᑦ)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iroquoian_languages" title="Iroquoian languages">Iroquoian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_language" title="Mohawk language">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_language" title="Wyandot language">Wyandot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Manual languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language_family" title="French Sign Language family">Francosign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign Language (ASL)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-Tactile_American_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pro-Tactile American Sign Language (page does not exist)">Pro-Tactile American Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Sign_Language" title="Quebec Sign Language">Quebec Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Plains Sign Talk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Anishinaabe Sign Language</li> <li>Cree Sign Language</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">Isolate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_Sign_Language" title="Inuit Sign Language">Inuk Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Canada" title="Template:Languages of Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Canada" title="Template talk:Languages of Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Canada" title="Languages of Canada">Languages of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language_in_Canada" title="French language in Canada">French</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_language" title="Abenaki language">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algonquin_language" title="Algonquin language">Algonquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Innu language">Innu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malecite-Passamaquoddy_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malecite-Passamaquoddy language">Malecite-Passamaquoddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaq_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaq language">Miꞌkmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munsee_language" title="Munsee language">Munsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naskapi_language" title="Naskapi language">Naskapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_dialect" title="Ottawa dialect">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi_language" title="Potawatomi language">Potawatomi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Athabaskan_languages" title="Athabaskan languages">Athabaskan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babine-Witsuwit%CA%BCen_language" title="Babine-Witsuwitʼen language">Babine-Witsuwitʼen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_language" title="Carrier language">Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsilhqot%CA%BCin_language" title="Tsilhqotʼin language">Chilcotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Chipewyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogrib_language" title="Dogrib language">Dogrib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwich%CA%BCin_language" title="Gwichʼin language">Gwichʼin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4n_language" title="Hän language">Hän</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaska_language" title="Kaska language">Kaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_language" title="Nicola language">Nicola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekani_language" title="Sekani language">Sekani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavey_language" title="Slavey language">Slavey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagish_language" title="Tagish language">Tagish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahltan_language" title="Tahltan language">Tahltan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuut%CA%BCina_language" title="Tsuutʼina language">Tsuutʼina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutchone_language" title="Tutchone language">Tutchone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuinnaqtun" title="Inuinnaqtun">Inuinnaqtun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inupiat_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inupiat language">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuvialuktun" title="Inuvialuktun">Inuvialuktun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iroquoian_languages" title="Iroquoian languages">Iroquoian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_language" title="Cayuga language">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_language" title="Mohawk language">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_language" title="Oneida language">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onondaga_language" title="Onondaga language">Onondaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_language" title="Seneca language">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_language" title="Tuscarora language">Tuscarora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_language" title="Wyandot language">Wyandot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salishan_languages" title="Salishan languages">Salishan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Coola_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bella Coola language">Bella Coola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comox_language" title="Comox language">Comox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halkomelem" title="Halkomelem">Halkomelem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillooet_language" title="Lillooet language">Lillooet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okanagan_language" title="Okanagan language">Okanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saanich_dialect" title="Saanich dialect">Saanich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C3%ADsh%C3%A1lh_language" title="Shíshálh language">shíshálh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuswap_language" title="Shuswap language">Shuswap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squamish_language" title="Squamish language">Squamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_language" title="Thompson language">Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wakashan_languages" title="Wakashan languages">Wakashan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ditidaht_language" title="Ditidaht language">Ditidaht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haisla_language" title="Haisla language">Haisla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiltsuk-Oowekyala_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Heiltsuk-Oowekyala language">Heiltsuk-Oowekyala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwak%CA%BCwala" title="Kwakʼwala">Kwakʼwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_language" title="Nuu-chah-nulth language">Nuu-chah-nulth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Siouan_languages" title="Siouan languages">Siouan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stoney_language" title="Stoney language">Stoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_language" title="Sioux language">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assiniboine_language" title="Assiniboine language">Assiniboine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beothuk_language" title="Beothuk language">Beothuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_language" title="Haida language">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutenai_language" title="Kutenai language">Kutenai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlingit_language" title="Tlingit language">Tlingit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Tsimshian_dialect" title="Coast Tsimshian dialect">Coast Tsimshian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pidgins, creoles and mixed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algonquian%E2%80%93Basque_pidgin" title="Algonquian–Basque pidgin">Algonquian–Basque pidgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken_Slavey" class="mw-redirect" title="Broken Slavey">Broken Slavey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungi_Creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Bungi Creole">Bungee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinook_Jargon" title="Chinook Jargon">Chinook Jargon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador_Inuit_Pidgin_French" title="Labrador Inuit Pidgin French">Labrador Inuit Pidgin French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michif" title="Michif">Michif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin language">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog (Filipino)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Gaelic" title="Canadian Gaelic">Canadian Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterite_German" title="Hutterite German">Hutterite German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doukhobor_Russian" title="Doukhobor Russian">Doukhobor Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language_in_Newfoundland" title="Irish language in Newfoundland">Newfoundland Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania German">Pennsylvania German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plautdietsch" title="Plautdietsch">Plautdietsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Ukrainian" title="Canadian Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Sign_Language" title="Quebec Sign Language">Quebec Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_Sign_Language" title="Inuit Sign Language">Inuk Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Plains Indian Sign Language</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Sign_Language" title="Maritime Sign Language">Maritime Sign Language</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canada#Canadian_style_guides" title="Bibliography of Canada">Canadian style guides</a> - <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_English_dictionaries" title="List of Canadian English dictionaries">Canadian dictionaries </a>‎</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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