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<span>Contributors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contributors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contributors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contributors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Denis_Diderot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denis_Diderot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Denis Diderot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denis_Diderot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Le_chevalier_de_Jaucourt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_chevalier_de_Jaucourt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Le chevalier de Jaucourt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_chevalier_de_Jaucourt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-D'Alembert" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#D'Alembert"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>D'Alembert</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-D'Alembert-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alphabetical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alphabetical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alphabetical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alphabetical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Number_of_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Number of articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_letter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_letter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>By letter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_letter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Encyclopédistes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedis" title="Ensiklopedis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ensiklopedis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88)" title="موسوعيون (موسوعة ديدرو) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موسوعيون (موسوعة ديدرو)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedist%C3%A9" title="Encyklopedisté – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Encyklopedisté" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4dist_(Encyclop%C3%A9die)" title="Enzyklopädist (Encyclopédie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Enzyklopädist (Encyclopédie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedista" title="Enciclopedista – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enciclopedista" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopediistoj" title="Enciklopediistoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Enciklopediistoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entziklopedista" title="Entziklopedista – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Entziklopedista" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دایرةالمعارف‌نویسان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دایرةالمعارف‌نویسان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborateurs_de_l%27Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Collaborateurs de l'Encyclopédie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Collaborateurs de l'Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%84%EC%84%9C%ED%8C%8C" title="백과전서파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백과전서파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedisti" title="Enciklopedisti – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Enciklopedisti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9distes" title="Encyclopédistes – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Encyclopédistes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedista" title="Encyclopedista – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Encyclopedista" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedista" title="Enciclopedista – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Enciclopedista" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אנציקלופדיסטים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנציקלופדיסטים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Энциклопедисттер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Энциклопедисттер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedininkai" title="Enciklopedininkai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Enciklopedininkai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_francia_enciklop%C3%A9dist%C3%A1k_list%C3%A1ja" title="A francia enciklopédisták listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A francia enciklopédisták listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Енциклопедист – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Енциклопедист" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedist" title="Encyclopedist – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Encyclopedist" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="百科全書派 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="百科全書派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9distes" title="Encyclopédistes – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Encyclopédistes" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89_%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="پوهنغونډ لیکونکي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پوهنغونډ لیکونکي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedy%C5%9Bci" title="Encyklopedyści – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Encyklopedyści" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedistas" title="Enciclopedistas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Enciclopedistas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedist" title="Enciclopedist – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Enciclopedist" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_XVIII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Энциклопедисты (Франция XVIII века) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энциклопедисты (Франция XVIII века)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedista_(Diderotova_Encyklop%C3%A9dia)" title="Encyklopedista (Diderotova Encyklopédia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Encyklopedista (Diderotova Encyklopédia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Француски енциклопедисти – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француски енциклопедисти" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensyklopedistit" title="Ensyklopedistit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ensyklopedistit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedisterna" title="Encyklopedisterna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Encyklopedisterna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansiklopedistler" title="Ansiklopedistler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ansiklopedistler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Енциклопедисти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енциклопедисти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="百科全书派 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="百科全书派" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q744738#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9distes" 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For producers of encyclopedias, see <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedist" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedist">Encyclopedist</a>. For the story by Isaac Asimov, see <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(Asimov_novel)" title="Foundation (Asimov novel)">Foundation (Asimov novel)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9distes" class="extiw" title="fr:Encyclopédistes">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>.  <i><small>(August 2010)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEncyclop%C3%A9distes&sl=fr&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the French article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Encyclopédistes]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Encyclopédistes}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Encyclop%C3%A9distes" title="Talk:Encyclopédistes">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Encyclopédistes</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɑ̃siklɔpedist]</a></span>) (also known in British English as <b>Encyclopaedists</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in U.S. English as <b>Encyclopedists</b>) were members of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_gens_de_lettres" title="Société des gens de lettres">Société des gens de lettres</a></i></span>, a French writers' society, who contributed to the development of the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie">Encyclopédie</a></i> from June 1751 to December 1765 under the editors <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">Jean le Rond d'Alembert</a>, and only Diderot from 1765 to 1772. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9distes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The composition of the 17 volumes of text and 11 volumes of <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">plates</a> of the <i>Encyclopédie</i> was the work of over 150 authors belonging, in large part, to the intellectual group known as the <a href="/wiki/Philosophe" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophe">philosophes</a>. They promoted the advancement of science and secular thought and supported the tolerance, rationality, and open-mindedness of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>. </p><p>More than a hundred encyclopédistes have been identified.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were not a unified group, neither in ideology nor social class.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Below some of the contributors are listed in alphabetical order, by the number of articles that they wrote, and by the identifying "signature" by which their contributions were identified in the <i>Encyclopédie</i>. </p><p>Beyond the known collaborators – at least in name – many articles are not signed and certain authors expressed a desire to remain anonymous. Other authors, Allard or Dubuisson for example, remain a mystery to us. Moreover, the sporadic research into the quotations, borrowings, and plagiarisms in the <i>Encyclopédie</i> – the illustrations as well as the text – illuminate a group of "indirect" collaborators. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Among some excellent men, there were some weak, average, and absolutely bad ones. From this mixture in the publication, we find the draft of a schoolboy next to a masterpiece.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p>A machine-generated and incomplete list of authors sorted by number of posts can be found at the project <i>ARTFL</i>. There are lists by frequency<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by letter.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributors">Contributors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9distes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contributors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denis_Diderot">Denis Diderot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9distes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Denis Diderot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Diderot had just finished the translation of <i>A Medicinal Dictionary</i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_James_(physician)" title="Robert James (physician)">Robert James</a> when the publicist <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_le_Breton" title="André le Breton">André le Breton</a> charged him, on 16 October 1747, to resume the project of translating the English <a href="/wiki/Cyclop%C3%A6dia,_or_an_Universal_Dictionary_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences"><i>Cyclopaedia</i></a> that <a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul_de_Gua_de_Malves" title="Jean Paul de Gua de Malves">Jean Paul de Gua de Malves</a> could not successfully complete. Diderot undertook the history of ancient philosophy, wrote the <i>Prospectus</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Preliminary_Discourse_to_the_Encyclopedia_of_Diderot#System_of_Human_Knowledge" title="Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot"><i>System of Human Knowledge</i></a>, and, with D'Alembert, revised all the articles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Le_chevalier_de_Jaucourt">Le chevalier de Jaucourt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9distes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Le chevalier de Jaucourt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt">Louis de Jaucourt</a> is little known in other respects but was one of the principal authors in the disciplines of economics, literature, medicine, and politics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="D'Alembert"><span id="D.27Alembert"></span>D'Alembert</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9distes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: D'Alembert"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">Jean le Rond d'Alembert</a> is the author of the <a href="/wiki/Preliminary_Discourse_to_the_Encyclopedia_of_Diderot" title="Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot"><i>Preliminary Discourse</i></a> and of several articles. In 1752 d'Alembert, who was tired of the mocking, cries of indignation, and religious persecution against the <i>Encyclopédie</i>, retired from the encyclopedic undertaking. Subsequently, his contributions were limited to the subject of mathematics, a sensible topic in the eyes of censors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alphabetical">Alphabetical</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9distes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alphabetical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Joseph_Dezallier_d%27Argenville" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d'Argenville">Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d'Argenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Gaspard_Boucher_d%27Argis" title="Antoine-Gaspard Boucher d'Argis">Antoine-Gaspard Boucher d'Argis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulphe_d%27Aumont" title="Arnulphe d'Aumont">Arnulphe d'Aumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Nicolas_Bellin" title="Jacques-Nicolas Bellin">Jacques-Nicolas Bellin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blondel" title="Jacques-François Blondel">Jacques-François Blondel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bourgelat" title="Claude Bourgelat">Claude Bourgelat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois-Henri_Collot" title="Jean-François-Henri Collot">Jean-François-Henri Collot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_No%C3%ABl_Damilaville" title="Étienne Noël Damilaville">Étienne Noël Damilaville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Jean-Marie_Daubenton" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton">Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Chesneau_Du_Marsais" class="mw-redirect" title="César Chesneau Du Marsais">César Chesneau Du Marsais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Eidous" title="Marc-Antoine Eidous">Marc-Antoine Eidous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_La_Chapelle" title="Jean-Baptiste de La Chapelle">Jean-Baptiste de La Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Blond" title="Guillaume Le Blond">Guillaume Le Blond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_le_Breton" title="André le Breton">André le Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Le_Sage" title="Georges-Louis Le Sage">Georges-Louis Le Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Louis" title="Antoine Louis">Antoine Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_d%27Holbach" title="Baron d'Holbach">Baron d'Holbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt">Louis de Jaucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Raymond_Lucotte" title="Jacques-Raymond Lucotte">Jacques-Raymond Lucotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Magimel" title="Philippe-Antoine Magimel">Philippe-Antoine Magimel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edm%C3%A9-Fran%C3%A7ois_Mallet" title="Edmé-François Mallet">Edmé-François Mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sara_Espada_Bernardos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sara Espada Bernardos (page does not exist)">Sara Espada Bernardos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul-Jacques_Malouin" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul-Jacques Malouin">Paul-Jacques Malouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Marmontel" title="Jean-François Marmontel">Jean-François Marmontel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_Baron_de_Montesquieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu">Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Quiret_de_Margency" title="Adrien Quiret de Margency">Adrien Quiret de Margency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Pierre_le_Romain" title="Jean-Baptiste-Pierre le Romain">Jean-Baptiste-Pierre le Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Nunes_Ribeiro_Sanches" title="António Nunes Ribeiro Sanches">António Nunes Ribeiro Sanches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tarin" title="Pierre Tarin">Pierre Tarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Vincent_Toussaint" title="François-Vincent Toussaint">François-Vincent Toussaint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot,_Baron_de_Laune" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune">Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbain_de_Vandenesse" title="Urbain de Vandenesse">Urbain de Vandenesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Fran%C3%A7ois_Venel" title="Gabriel François Venel">Gabriel François Venel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Verdier" title="Suzanne Verdier">Suzanne Verdier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Yvon" title="Claude Yvon">Claude Yvon</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Number_of_articles">Number of articles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9distes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Number of articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <p>71,818 articles in 17 volumes: </p> <ul><li>37,870 – XXX (unsigned or undetermined)</li> <li>17,288 – <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt">Louis de Jaucourt</a></li> <li>5,394 – <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a></li> <li>4,268 – <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Gaspard_Boucher_d%27Argis" title="Antoine-Gaspard Boucher d'Argis">Boucher d'Argis</a></li> <li>1,925 – <a href="/wiki/Edm%C3%A9-Fran%C3%A7ois_Mallet" title="Edmé-François Mallet">Edmé-François Mallet</a></li> <li>1,309 – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Le_Rond_d%27Alembert" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Le Rond d'Alembert">Jean Le Rond d'Alembert</a></li> <li>994 – <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Nicolas_Bellin" title="Jacques-Nicolas Bellin">Jacques-Nicolas Bellin</a></li> <li>720 – <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Blond" title="Guillaume Le Blond">Guillaume Le Blond</a></li> <li>707 – <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Fran%C3%A7ois_Venel" title="Gabriel François Venel">Gabriel François Venel</a></li> <li>693 – <a href="/wiki/Louis-Jean-Marie_Daubenton" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton">Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton</a></li> <li>541 – <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Joseph_Dezallier_d%27Argenville" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d'Argenville">Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d'Argenville</a></li> <li>482 – <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blondel" title="Jacques-François Blondel">Jacques-François Blondel</a></li> <li>449 – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Louis" title="Antoine Louis">Antoine Louis</a></li> <li>428 – <a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Eidous" title="Marc-Antoine Eidous">Marc-Antoine Eidous</a></li> <li>414 – <a href="/wiki/Baron_d%27Holbach" title="Baron d'Holbach">Baron d'Holbach</a></li> <li>388 – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Vincent_Toussaint" title="François-Vincent Toussaint">François-Vincent Toussaint</a></li> <li>344 – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a></li> <li>337 – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tarin" title="Pierre Tarin">Pierre Tarin</a></li> <li>227 – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Bourgelat" title="Claude Bourgelat">Claude Bourgelat</a></li> <li>214 – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_La_Chapelle" title="Jean-Baptiste de La Chapelle">Jean-Baptiste de La Chapelle</a></li> <li>199 – <a href="/wiki/Urbain_de_Vandenesse" title="Urbain de Vandenesse">Urbain de Vandenesse</a></li> <li>192 – <a href="/wiki/Arnulphe_d%27Aumont" title="Arnulphe d'Aumont">Arnulphe d'Aumont</a></li> <li>129 – <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Chesneau_Du_Marsais" class="mw-redirect" title="César Chesneau Du Marsais">César Chesneau Du Marsais</a></li> <li>119 – Cahusac</li> <li>108 – Le Roy</li> <li>107 – Landois</li> <li>91 – Beauzée</li> <li>78 – Paul-Jacques Malouin</li> <li>70 – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Pierre_le_Romain" title="Jean-Baptiste-Pierre le Romain">Jean-Baptiste-Pierre le Romain</a></li> <li>61 – <a href="/wiki/Louis-Jacques_Goussier" title="Louis-Jacques Goussier">Louis-Jacques Goussier</a>, also supervisor of the engraved plates</li> <li>56 – Malouin</li> <li>45 – <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Lenglet_Du_Fresnoy" title="Nicolas Lenglet Du Fresnoy">Lenglet Du Fresnoy</a></li> <li>41 – Daubenton|Diderot</li> <li>39 – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Yvon" title="Claude Yvon">Claude Yvon</a></li> <li>39 – Daubenton|Vandenesse</li> <li>32 – Boucher d'Argis</li> <li>26 – de La Chapelle|d'Alembert</li> <li>26 – Voltaire</li> <li>25 – Diderot|Mallet</li> <li>23 – Daubenton|Jaucourt</li> <li>22 – Daubenton, le Subdelegue</li> <li>21 – Barths</li> <li>20 – Mallet|Diderot</li> <li>20 – Formey</li> <li>20 – Daubenton|Jaucourt</li> <li>14 – Rousseau|d'Alembert</li> <li>14 – Beauzee</li> <li>13 – Watelet</li> <li>13 – Boucher d'Argis</li> <li>12 – Douchet et Beauzee</li> <li>12 – Daubenton|d'Argenville</li> <li>11 – Diderot|Vandenesse</li> <li>10 – <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Villiers" title="Jacques-François de Villiers">Jacques-François de Villiers</a></li> <li>10 – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Marmontel" title="Jean-François Marmontel">Marmontel</a></li> <li>10 – Forbonnais</li> <li>9 – Papillon</li> <li>9 – Mallet|d'Alembert</li> <li>9 – Daubenton|Daubenton, le Subdelegue</li> <li>8 – <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Faiguet_de_Villeneuve" title="Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve">Faiguet</a></li> <li>7 – d'Argenville|Diderot</li> <li>7 – Tarin</li> <li>7 – Pestr</li> <li>7 – Jaucourt</li> <li>7 – Bellin|Bellin</li> <li>6 – Vandenesse|Diderot</li> <li>6 – Toussaint|Mallet</li> <li>6 – Durival</li> <li>6 – Beauzee et Duchet</li> <li>5 – d'Aubenton</li> <li>5 – d'Alembert|Diderot</li> <li>5 – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Yvon" title="Claude Yvon">Yvon</a>|Diderot</li> <li>5 – Venel|Venel</li> <li>5 – Menuret</li> <li>5 – Mallet|Mallet</li> <li>5 – Diderot|Daubenton</li> <li>5 – Daubenton|d'Argenville|Vandenesse</li> <li>5 – Daubenton|Vandenesse|Diderot</li> <li>5 – C. D. J.|Jaucourt</li> <li>4 – d'Alembert|Mallet</li> <li>4 – Romilly</li> <li>4 – Rallier</li> <li>4 – Louis|Diderot</li> <li>4 – Blondel|Diderot</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_letter">By letter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9distes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: By letter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <p>In the <i>Encyclopédie</i>, the authors are identified by a letter at the end of an article. </p> <ul><li>(A) – Boucher d'Argis</li> <li>(a) – Lenglet Du Fresnoy</li> <li>(B) – Cahusac</li> <li>(b) – Venel</li> <li>(C) – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Pestr%C3%A9" title="Jean Pestré">Pestré</a></li> <li>(c) – Daubenton, le Subdélégué</li> <li>(D) – Goussier</li> <li>(d) – d'Aumont</li> <li>(E) – de La Chapelle</li> <li>(e) – Bourgelat</li> <li>(F) – Dumarsais</li> <li>(f) – de Villiers</li> <li>(G) – Mallet</li> <li>(g) – Barthès</li> <li>(H) – Toussaint</li> <li>(h) – Morellet</li> <li>(I) – Daubenton</li> <li>(K) – d'Argenville</li> <li>(L) – Tarin</li> <li>(M) – Malouin</li> <li>(m) – Ménuret de Chambaud</li> <li>(N) – Vandenesse</li> <li>(O) – d'Alembert</li> <li>(P) – Blondel</li> <li>(Q) – Le Blond</li> <li>(R) – Landois</li> <li>(S) – Rousseau</li> <li>(T) – Le Roy</li> <li>(V) – Eidous</li> <li>(X) – Yvon</li> <li>(Y) – Louis</li> <li>(Z) – Bellin</li> <li>(*) – Diderot</li> <li>(D.J.) – de Jaucourt</li> <li>(—) – d'Holbach</li> <li>(V.D.F.) – Forbonnais</li> <li>(E.R.M.) – Douchet and Beauzée</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9distes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedians" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedians">Wikipedians</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9distes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095750871">"Encyclopaedists"</a>. Oxford Reference<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedists&rft.pub=Oxford+Reference&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803095750871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEncyclop%C3%A9distes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank A. Kafker and Serena Kafker, <i>The Encyclopedists as Individuals: A Biographical Dictionary of the Authors of the Encyclopédie</i> (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1988).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank A. Kafker, <i>The Encyclopedists as a Group: A Collective Biography of the Authors of the Encyclopédie</i> (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1996).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedie.uchicago.edu/">"The ARTFL Encyclopédie – ARTFL Encyclopédie"</a>. <i>Encyclopedie.uchicago.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedie.uchicago.edu&rft.atitle=The+ARTFL+Encyclop%C3%A9die+%E2%80%93+ARTFL+Encyclop%C3%A9die&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedie.uchicago.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEncyclop%C3%A9distes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atheism_during_the_Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Atheism during the Age of Enlightenment">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment" title="Counter-Enlightenment">Counter-Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">Critical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Encyclopédistes</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightened_absolutism" title="Enlightened absolutism">Enlightened absolutism</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Haskalah" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8res" title="Lumières">Lumières</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_doubt" title="Cartesian doubt">Methodological skepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlands_Enlightenment" title="Midlands Enlightenment">Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">Natural philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivity_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Objectivity (philosophy)">Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationality" title="Rationality">Rationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reason" title="Reason">Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reductionism" title="Reductionism">Reductionism</a></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Sapere_aude" title="Sapere aude">Sapere aude</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Science in the Age of Enlightenment">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_Enlightenment" title="Spanish American Enlightenment">Spanish America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universality_(philosophy)" title="Universality (philosophy)">Universality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopianism">Utopianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Thinkers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Thinkers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Addison" title="Joseph Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_3rd_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury">Ashley-Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Collins_(philosopher)" title="Anthony Collins (philosopher)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Gibbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harrington_(author)" title="James Harrington (author)">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Price" title="Richard Price">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Priestley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Sidney" title="Algernon Sidney">Sidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tindal" title="Matthew Tindal">Tindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">d'Alembert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Louis_de_Voyer_de_Paulmy_d%27Argenson" class="mw-redirect" title="René Louis de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson">d'Argenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Bayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Chamfort" title="Nicolas Chamfort">Chamfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet">Châtelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bonnot_de_Condillac" title="Étienne Bonnot de Condillac">Condillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Le_Bovier_de_Fontenelle" title="Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle">Fontenelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympe_de_Gouges" title="Olympe de Gouges">Gouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Adrien_Helv%C3%A9tius" title="Claude Adrien Helvétius">Helvétius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_d%27Holbach" title="Baron d'Holbach">d'Holbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt">Jaucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Offray_de_La_Mettrie" title="Julien Offray de La Mettrie">La Mettrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Lavoisier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc,_Comte_de_Buffon" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon">Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bonnot_de_Mably" title="Gabriel Bonnot de Mably">Mably</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Sylvain Maréchal">Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Meslier" title="Jean Meslier">Meslier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Gabriel_Morelly" title="Étienne-Gabriel Morelly">Morelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Quesnay" title="François Quesnay">Quesnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Thomas_Fran%C3%A7ois_Raynal" title="Guillaume Thomas François Raynal">Raynal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Sade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot">Turgot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geneva</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firmin_Abauzit" title="Firmin Abauzit">Abauzit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bonnet" title="Charles Bonnet">Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Burlamaqui" title="Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui">Burlamaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pr%C3%A9vost_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Prévost (physicist)">Prévost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure" title="Horace Bénédict de Saussure">Saussure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing" title="Gotthold Ephraim Lessing">Lessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Christoph_Lichtenberg" title="Georg Christoph Lichtenberg">Lichtenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Mendelssohn" title="Moses Mendelssohn">Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">Pufendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Thomasius" title="Christian Thomasius">Thomasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Weishaupt" title="Adam Weishaupt">Weishaupt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Martin_Wieland" title="Christoph Martin Wieland">Wieland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(philosopher)" title="Christian Wolff (philosopher)">Wolff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="Modern Greek Enlightenment">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theoklitos_Farmakidis" title="Theoklitos Farmakidis">Farmakidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Feraios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_Kairis" title="Theophilos Kairis">Kairis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Korais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Toland" title="John Toland">Toland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Enlightenment" title="Italian Enlightenment">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Galiani" title="Ferdinando Galiani">Galiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galvani" title="Luigi Galvani">Galvani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Genovesi" title="Antonio Genovesi">Genovesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Mario_Pagano" title="Francesco Mario Pagano">Pagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Verri" title="Pietro Verri">Verri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Vico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Bekker" title="Balthasar Bekker">Bekker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_de_la_Court" title="Pieter de la Court">de la Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Grotius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Huygens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriaan_Koerbagh" title="Adriaan Koerbagh">Koerbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek" title="Antonie van Leeuwenhoek">Leeuwenhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Mandeville" title="Bernard Mandeville">Mandeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodewijk_Meyer" title="Lodewijk Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Nieuwentyt" title="Bernard Nieuwentyt">Nieuwentyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Swammerdam" title="Jan Swammerdam">Swammerdam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlightenment in Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ko%C5%82%C5%82%C4%85taj" title="Hugo Kołłątaj">Kołłątaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Konarski" title="Stanisław Konarski">Konarski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Krasicki" title="Ignacy Krasicki">Krasicki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Ursyn_Niemcewicz" title="Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz">Niemcewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski" title="Stanisław August Poniatowski">Poniatowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%99drzej_%C5%9Aniadecki" title="Jędrzej Śniadecki">Śniadecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Staszic" title="Stanisław Staszic">Staszic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Wybicki" title="Józef Wybicki">Wybicki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvalho_e_Melo,_1st_Marquis_of_Pombal" title="Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal">Carvalho e Melo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Budai-Deleanu" title="Ion Budai-Deleanu">Budai-Deleanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Maior" title="Petru Maior">Maior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuil_Micu-Klein" title="Samuil Micu-Klein">Micu-Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_%C8%98incai" title="Gheorghe Șincai">Șincai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Enlightenment" title="Russian Enlightenment">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Fonvizin" title="Denis Fonvizin">Fonvizin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_Kantemir" title="Antiochus Kantemir">Kantemir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kheraskov" title="Mikhail Kheraskov">Kheraskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lomonosov" title="Mikhail Lomonosov">Lomonosov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Novikov" title="Nikolay Novikov">Novikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Radishchev" title="Alexander Radishchev">Radishchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekaterina_Vorontsova-Dashkova" title="Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova">Vorontsova-Dashkova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dositej_Obradovi%C4%87" title="Dositej Obradović">Obradović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avram_Mrazovi%C4%87" title="Avram Mrazović">Mrazović</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cadalso" title="José Cadalso">Cadalso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Jer%C3%B3nimo_Feij%C3%B3o_y_Montenegro" title="Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro">Feijóo y Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leandro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Morat%C3%ADn" title="Leandro Fernández de Moratín">Moratín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Melchor_de_Jovellanos" title="Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos">Jovellanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Torres_Villarroel" title="Diego de Torres Villarroel">Villarroel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment" title="Scottish Enlightenment">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Beattie_(poet)" title="James Beattie (poet)">Beattie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Black" title="Joseph Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Blair" title="Hugh Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Boswell" title="James Boswell">Boswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnett,_Lord_Monboddo" title="James Burnett, Lord Monboddo">Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen" title="William Cullen">Cullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Ferguson" title="Adam Ferguson">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hutcheson_(philosopher)" title="Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)">Hutcheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hutton" title="James Hutton">Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mill" title="James Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Playfair" title="John Playfair">Playfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reid" title="Thomas Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Stewart" title="Dugald Stewart">Stewart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mason" title="George Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:relative;"> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism">Romanticism</a> →</b></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span 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