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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Haitian healer and diviner</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Marie Kingué</b>, also known by the <a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">slave name</a> <b>Marie Catherine</b>, was a Haitian healer and <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">diviner</a>. She was of <a href="/wiki/Kongo_people" title="Kongo people">Kongolese</a> provenance and was born between 1746 and 1750. After being transported to <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a> as a slave, she adopted the name "Kingué" to display her ancestry. In 1784 and 1785, while working on a plantation in <a href="/wiki/Port-Margot" title="Port-Margot">Port-Margot</a>, Kingué gained prominence for nursing supposed evil spells, providing herbal remedies, and selling protective <a href="/wiki/Talisman" title="Talisman">talismans</a>. Many slaveowners trusted her to divinate poisoners in their workshops, and they often killed the slaves she accused. </p><p>In 1785, Kingué moved to <a href="/wiki/Plaisance,_Nord" title="Plaisance, Nord">Plaisance</a> to live with a militia commander. With more freedom, she began traveling to clients all across the northern part of the island—Africans at first, then multiple white colonists and free people of color. Kingué attempted to silence her detractors. Still, she eventually lost support from white colonists, a few of whom sent complaints regarding her deadly activities to the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_general" title="Attorney general">attorney general</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cap-Fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap-Français">Cap-Français</a>. He ordered her arrest that September, and her life afterwards is unknown. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_enslavement">Early life and enslavement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Kingu%C3%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and enslavement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to court documents, Marie Kingué was of <a href="/wiki/Kongo_people" title="Kongo people">Kongolese</a> provenance and was born between 1746 and 1750.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20152Eddins2022142_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20152Eddins2022142-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The researcher Crystal Nicole Eddins suggests that her pseudonym "Kingué" traces her to Kinguélé, the capital city of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Kakongo" title="Kakongo">Kakongo</a>. Kingué had two or three Kongolese marks on her cheek,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and her face bore scars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019163_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019163-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was eventually transported to the <a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colony</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a>, present-day Haiti, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>. This likely occurred through the Malemba port, nearly 40 miles from Kinguélé, and through a process of judicial enslavement. Eddins posits that Kingué may have escaped once. A December 1774 issue of <i>Le Cap</i> profiled a wanted woman named "Keingue" who had fled with an African man named "Moisna". He was likewise a slave and had tattoos of a <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese cross</a> and his homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For many years until 1785, Kingué worked as a slave in <a href="/wiki/Port-Margot" title="Port-Margot">Port-Margot</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantation</a> of a white man, Caillon Belhumeur, and an unnamed woman, likely a <a href="/wiki/Affranchi" title="Affranchi">free woman of color</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142Garrigus2023132_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142Garrigus2023132-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kingué cohabited with Polidor, a Kongolese man and lieutenant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her European <a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">slave name</a> was "Marie Catherine", though she used the African surname "Kingué" to renounce the practice and display her ancestry. As well, she insisted she was a free woman. Eddins and the historian Karol K. Weaver consider these acts a reclamation of identity from white authorities like Belhumeur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006115Eddins2022142_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006115Eddins2022142-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healing_and_divination">Healing and divination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Kingu%C3%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Healing and divination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1784 and 1785, Kingué practiced healing, herbalism, <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Midwifery" title="Midwifery">midwifery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142Garrigus2023132_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142Garrigus2023132-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a time when the religion was outlawed,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151–2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20151–2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she may have also acted as a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Vaudoux" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaudoux">vaudoux</a></i></span> queen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terms <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaperlata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaperlata (page does not exist)">kaperlata</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Health_professional" title="Health professional">hospitalière</a></i></span> were variously used to encompass her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006114–115Houllemare2019164_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006114–115Houllemare2019164-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Court documents assert that Kingué could heal many illnesses, kill, and resuscitate. She specialized in nursing supposed evil spells and gave herbal remedies to lower-class white people, <a href="/wiki/People_of_color" class="mw-redirect" title="People of color">people of color</a>, and slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006113–115_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006113–115-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though it was also outlawed to manufacture them, Kingué gained prominence as far as <a href="/wiki/Limb%C3%A9_(commune)" title="Limbé (commune)">Limbé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plaisance,_Nord" title="Plaisance, Nord">Plaisance</a> for selling <a href="/wiki/Talisman" title="Talisman">talismans</a>. They cost 10 to 12 <a href="/wiki/Gourdes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gourdes">gourdes</a> and reportedly carried spiritual powers against illnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006114Eddins2022142–143_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006114Eddins2022142–143-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She held gatherings where she performed <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a> on the talismans, then distributed them, often while a male <a href="/wiki/Sorcery_(goetia)" title="Sorcery (goetia)">sorcerer</a> sang and led dances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019167_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019167-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1784, slaveowners trusted Kingué to divinate poisoners in their workshops. Belhumeur was one of her clients.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151Eddins2022143_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20151Eddins2022143-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neighbours claimed he overworked a few of his slaves to death, though he did not accept this conclusion and asked Kingué to determine whether the workers were poisoned and, if so, the culprit. After performing a ritual, she surmised that his home held a conspiracy, and without holding a trial, he tortured and killed the slaves whom Kingué accused.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her service of discovering poisoners in workshops was so high in demand that she and Polidor, now her assistant, began initiating students.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151–2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20151–2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another instance, Kingué invited Belhumeur to the hut of a sick pregnant woman she was assisting. The woman reportedly gave birth to a dead snake under her care, which left Belhumeur awestruck.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019162_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019162-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This incident fueled Africans to revere Kingué as a god, or at least associate her with <span title="Kongo-language text"><i lang="kg">Mbumba</i></span>, a divine Kongolese snake spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143–144_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143–144-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Africans committed theft to pay for her services.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019166–167_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019166–167-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1785, Belhumeur brought Kingué to Plaisance, a mountainous coffee parish south of Port-Margot, to visit the home of Antoine Chailleau, a militia commander who believed his slaves had poisoned him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019164Garrigus2023132,_134_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019164Garrigus2023132,_134-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kingué affirmed this but thought his sickness was far from fatal. According to <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" title="Nicolas François de Neufchâteau">Nicolas François de Neufchâteau</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_general" title="Attorney general">attorney general</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cap-Fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap-Français">Cap-Français</a>, she then removed the poison by drawing a toad from his head and another from his side. He reportedly felt better and let her stay on the plantation to find the perpetrators. Chailleau burned and whipped to death or sold overseas the seven or eight slaves Kingué accused.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023132,_134_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023132,_134-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She eventually moved into his home, likely with Belhumeur's consent,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019162_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019162-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after claiming she had overlooked a few slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023134_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023134-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kingué began exercising the lifestyle of a free woman while paying a monthly fee to Belhumeur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023133_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023133-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her following grew, as did the variety of people requesting her divinations or healings—Africans at first, then multiple white colonists and free people of color.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151Garrigus2023133_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20151Garrigus2023133-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trance states she manifested, in which she adopted the voice of a man or a weak woman, were popular, and Chailleau took her to various plantations across the northern part of the island, often in Limbé.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019165–166,_168Garrigus2023133–134_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019165–166,_168Garrigus2023133–134-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One complaint states, "she has acquired a renown that extends across the entire <a href="/wiki/Nord_(Haitian_department)" title="Nord (Haitian department)">North Province</a>" and continues, "she knows all the secrets of all the plantations." Kingué never had enough talismans in stock, which the complaint said all of Plaisance wore with pride.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151–2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20151–2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another complaint worried about the fanaticism surrounding Kingué, such that "the greatest disorder would arise in the work gangs." In one case, she assembled one hundred men from a work gang and prompted them to revolt against their owner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Detractors_and_arrest">Detractors and arrest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Kingu%C3%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Detractors and arrest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AduC_227_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufchateau_(N.L.,_1750-1828).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/AduC_227_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufchateau_%28N.L.%2C_1750-1828%29.JPG/170px-AduC_227_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufchateau_%28N.L.%2C_1750-1828%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/AduC_227_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufchateau_%28N.L.%2C_1750-1828%29.JPG/255px-AduC_227_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufchateau_%28N.L.%2C_1750-1828%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/AduC_227_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufchateau_%28N.L.%2C_1750-1828%29.JPG/340px-AduC_227_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufchateau_%28N.L.%2C_1750-1828%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Kingué is documented in the papers of Neufchâteau deposited in the <a href="/wiki/Archives_Nationales_(France)" title="Archives Nationales (France)">Archives Nationales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019164_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019164-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Kingué occasionally silenced her detractors. While performing rituals on a plantation in <a href="/wiki/Pilate,_Nord" title="Pilate, Nord">Pilate</a>, three of her former initiates planned to incriminate her, but she threatened them into silence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143–144Garrigus2023134_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143–144Garrigus2023134-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Chailleau's plantation, in front of a group of white people, she threatened a prominent surgeon who had doubted that poisonings were the main cause of deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023134–135_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023134–135-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manager of a plantation in Pilate, where Polidor worked, supported Kingué at first but eventually tried to detain her. She bit him and escaped, and out of fear, the slaves who were present did not impede.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019168Garrigus2023135_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019168Garrigus2023135-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some white colonists became irritated by her political influence, audacity, and wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006115_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006115-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 3, 1785, a slaveowner with only the signature "M." denounced her in a letter to Neufchâteau.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151Garrigus2023135_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20151Garrigus2023135-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two weeks later, a <a href="/wiki/Notary" title="Notary">notary</a> named LeMay did the same.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023135_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023135-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two branded Kingué a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hussy" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hussy">hussy</a> and a charlatan, and her devotees "weak-minded imbeciles".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142–143Garrigus2023135_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142–143Garrigus2023135-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also feared their neighbours might ostracize them if their opinions were known.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023135_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023135-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain plantation managers in Plaisance wrote to Neufchâteau about complaints they had expressed to Belhumeur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a mutilated slave who had escaped him met with a Cap-Français judge, he was summoned to court for being complicit in Kingué's activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019168Garrigus2023135_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019168Garrigus2023135-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belhumeur promised to reprimand her, but the managers complained that instead, he continued to pay for her services. They believed the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chauss%C3%A9e" title="Maréchaussée">maréchaussée</a></i></span> and certain white soldiers were too loyal to her and requested she be seized by a special brigade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jean Baptiste Suarez d'Almeida, a <a href="/wiki/Crown_prosecutor" title="Crown prosecutor">royal prosecutor</a> in Cap-Français, agreed with this sentiment in a report he wrote.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20152Houllemare2019168–169_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20152Houllemare2019168–169-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He thought she had victimized both black and white people with absurd superstitions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20152_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20152-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late September, Neufchâteau wrote a final report ordering Kingué and Polidor's arrest, summarizing the case, and listing victims likely to testify.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019169Garrigus2023136_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019169Garrigus2023136-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While she was wanted for arrest, Kingué hid in Chailleau's home.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20151-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transcript of her trial describes her with contempt. It introduces her as a "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Nigger" title="Nigger">négresse</a></i></span>, or rather [a] monster", and asserts that she is not a free woman but "in fact a slave and a <a href="/wiki/Vagabond" class="mw-redirect" title="Vagabond">vagabond</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006115_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006115-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outcome of the trial, whether she was brought to the courthouse, and her life afterwards are unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019169Garrigus2023136_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019169Garrigus2023136-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Kingu%C3%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A feared and reckless health professional hired by lower-class white people and <a href="/wiki/Affranchi" title="Affranchi">free black people</a>, sometimes for spiritual illnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006113_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006113-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Kingu%C3%A9&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20152Eddins2022142-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20152Eddins2022142_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMobley2015">Mobley 2015</a>, p. 2; <a href="#CITEREFEddins2022">Eddins 2022</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEddins2022">Eddins 2022</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019163-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019163_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoullemare2019">Houllemare 2019</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142Garrigus2023132-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142Garrigus2023132_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142Garrigus2023132_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEddins2022">Eddins 2022</a>, p. 142; <a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006115Eddins2022142-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006115Eddins2022142_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeaver2006">Weaver 2006</a>, p. 115; <a href="#CITEREFEddins2022">Eddins 2022</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20151–2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151–2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151–2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151–2_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMobley2015">Mobley 2015</a>, pp. 1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006113-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006113_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeaver2006">Weaver 2006</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006114–115Houllemare2019164-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006114–115Houllemare2019164_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeaver2006">Weaver 2006</a>, pp. 114–115; <a href="#CITEREFHoullemare2019">Houllemare 2019</a>, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006113–115-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006113–115_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeaver2006">Weaver 2006</a>, pp. 113–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006114Eddins2022142–143-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006114Eddins2022142–143_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeaver2006">Weaver 2006</a>, p. 114; <a href="#CITEREFEddins2022">Eddins 2022</a>, pp. 142–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019167-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019167_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoullemare2019">Houllemare 2019</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20151Eddins2022143-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151Eddins2022143_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMobley2015">Mobley 2015</a>, p. 1; <a href="#CITEREFEddins2022">Eddins 2022</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEddins2022">Eddins 2022</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019162-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019162_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019162_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoullemare2019">Houllemare 2019</a>, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143–144-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143–144_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEddins2022">Eddins 2022</a>, pp. 143–144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019166–167-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019166–167_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoullemare2019">Houllemare 2019</a>, pp. 166–167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019164Garrigus2023132,_134-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019164Garrigus2023132,_134_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoullemare2019">Houllemare 2019</a>, p. 164; <a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, pp. 132, 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023132,_134-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023132,_134_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, pp. 132, 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023134-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023134_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023133-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023133_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20151Garrigus2023133-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151Garrigus2023133_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMobley2015">Mobley 2015</a>, p. 1; <a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019165–166,_168Garrigus2023133–134-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019165–166,_168Garrigus2023133–134_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoullemare2019">Houllemare 2019</a>, pp. 165–166, 168; <a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, pp. 133–134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019164-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019164_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoullemare2019">Houllemare 2019</a>, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143–144Garrigus2023134-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022143–144Garrigus2023134_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEddins2022">Eddins 2022</a>, pp. 143–144; <a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023134–135-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023134–135_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, pp. 134–135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019168Garrigus2023135-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019168Garrigus2023135_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019168Garrigus2023135_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoullemare2019">Houllemare 2019</a>, p. 168; <a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006115-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006115_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver2006115_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeaver2006">Weaver 2006</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20151Garrigus2023135-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151Garrigus2023135_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMobley2015">Mobley 2015</a>, p. 1; <a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023135-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023135_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrigus2023135_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142–143Garrigus2023135-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddins2022142–143Garrigus2023135_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEddins2022">Eddins 2022</a>, pp. 142–143; <a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20152Houllemare2019168–169-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20152Houllemare2019168–169_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMobley2015">Mobley 2015</a>, p. 2; <a href="#CITEREFHoullemare2019">Houllemare 2019</a>, pp. 168–169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20152-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20152_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMobley2015">Mobley 2015</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019169Garrigus2023136-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019169Garrigus2023136_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoullemare2019169Garrigus2023136_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoullemare2019">Houllemare 2019</a>, p. 169; <a href="#CITEREFGarrigus2023">Garrigus 2023</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMobley20151-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMobley20151_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMobley2015">Mobley 2015</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Kingu%C3%A9&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWeaver2006" class="citation book cs1">Weaver, Karol K. (2006). <i>Medical Revolutionaries: The Enslaved Healers of Eighteenth-Century Saint Domingue</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press" title="University of Illinois Press">University of Illinois Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252073212" title="Special:BookSources/9780252073212"><bdi>9780252073212</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62430871">62430871</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medical+Revolutionaries%3A+The+Enslaved+Healers+of+Eighteenth-Century+Saint+Domingue&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62430871&rft.isbn=9780252073212&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Karol+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Kingu%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMobley2015" class="citation thesis cs1">Mobley, Christina Frances (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/items/2bfc1ccc-a27a-4d8a-a343-cfd325fcfb8d"><i>The Kongolese Atlantic: Central African Slavery & Culture from Mayombe to Haiti</i></a> (PhD thesis). <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Kongolese+Atlantic%3A+Central+African+Slavery+%26+Culture+from+Mayombe+to+Haiti&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=Duke+University&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Mobley&rft.aufirst=Christina+Frances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdukespace.lib.duke.edu%2Fitems%2F2bfc1ccc-a27a-4d8a-a343-cfd325fcfb8d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Kingu%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoullemare2019" class="citation journal cs1">Houllemare, Marie (2019). "Marie Kingué and the Subversion of Colonial Order (Saint-Domingue, 1785)". <i><a href="/wiki/Clio._Women,_Gender,_History" title="Clio. Women, Gender, History">Clio. Women, Gender, History</a></i>. <b>50</b> (2). Translated by Jane Roffe: 161–170. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fclio.17234">10.4000/clio.17234</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27077500">27077500</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clio.+Women%2C+Gender%2C+History&rft.atitle=Marie+Kingu%C3%A9+and+the+Subversion+of+Colonial+Order+%28Saint-Domingue%2C+1785%29&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=161-170&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fclio.17234&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27077500%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Houllemare&rft.aufirst=Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Kingu%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddins2022" class="citation book cs1">Eddins, Crystal Nicole (2022) [2021]. <i>Rituals, Runaways, and the Haitian Revolution: Collective Action in the African Diaspora</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781009256148">10.1017/9781009256148</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781009256148" title="Special:BookSources/9781009256148"><bdi>9781009256148</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1259295645">1259295645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rituals%2C+Runaways%2C+and+the+Haitian+Revolution%3A+Collective+Action+in+the+African+Diaspora&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1259295645&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781009256148&rft.isbn=9781009256148&rft.aulast=Eddins&rft.aufirst=Crystal+Nicole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Kingu%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrigus2023" class="citation book cs1">Garrigus, John D. (2023). <i>A Secret Among the Blacks: Slave Resistance Before the Haitian Revolution</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4159%2F9780674295094">10.4159/9780674295094</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674295094" title="Special:BookSources/9780674295094"><bdi>9780674295094</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1369679187">1369679187</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Secret+Among+the+Blacks%3A+Slave+Resistance+Before+the+Haitian+Revolution&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1369679187&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4159%2F9780674295094&rft.isbn=9780674295094&rft.aulast=Garrigus&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Kingu%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Kingu%C3%A9&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPluchon1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pluchon, Pierre (1987). <i>Vaudou, Sorciers, Empoisonneurs de Saint-Domingue à Haïti</i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala" title="Éditions Karthala">Éditions Karthala</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782865371853" title="Special:BookSources/9782865371853"><bdi>9782865371853</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19709888">19709888</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vaudou%2C+Sorciers%2C+Empoisonneurs+de+Saint-Domingue+%C3%A0+Ha%C3%AFti&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Karthala&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19709888&rft.isbn=9782865371853&rft.aulast=Pluchon&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Kingu%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Kingué&oldid=1232357857">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Kingué&oldid=1232357857</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Haitian_slaves" title="Category:Haitian slaves">Haitian slaves</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Haitian_Vodou_practitioners" title="Category:Haitian Vodou practitioners">Haitian Vodou practitioners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Supernatural_legends" title="Category:Supernatural legends">Supernatural legends</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_occultists" title="Category:18th-century occultists">18th-century occultists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Kongo-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Kongo-language text">Articles containing Kongo-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 July 2024, at 10:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; 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