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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Kurdish branch of the Islamic State</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #DEDFDE;">Islamic State in Kurdistan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/200px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/300px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/400px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leaders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> (2014–2019) <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Leader of ISIL)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> (2019–2022) <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Leader of ISIL)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> (2022–2022) <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Leader of ISIL)</span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi </a> (2022–2023) <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Leader of ISIL)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> (2023–present) <span style="font-size:85%;">(Leader of ISIL)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Dates of operation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2014–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Group(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Predominantly <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a><sup id="cite_ref-IA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active regions</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Salafist_Jihadism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafist Jihadism">Salafist Jihadism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Takfiri" title="Takfiri">Takfirism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Anti-Shi'ism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Anti-Yazidi sentiment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opponents</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>State opponents:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a><br /><b>Non-state opponents:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region"><img alt="Kurdistan Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">SNA</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">PKK</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Islam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Islam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Islam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Islam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Islam.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Islam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="195" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-LWJ-2015-01_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LWJ-2015-01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LWJ-2014-06_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LWJ-2014-06-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Brigades" title="Kurdistan Brigades">Kurdistan Brigades</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kurdish_Hezbollah_flag.svg/23px-Kurdish_Hezbollah_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kurdish_Hezbollah_flag.svg/35px-Kurdish_Hezbollah_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kurdish_Hezbollah_flag.svg/46px-Kurdish_Hezbollah_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="534" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Hezbollah" title="Kurdish Hezbollah">Kurdish Hezbollah</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles and wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a><br /><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rojava%E2%80%93Islamist_conflict" title="Rojava–Islamist conflict">Rojava–Islamist conflict</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–Islamic State conflict</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Islamic State in Kurdistan</b> refers to various organized <a href="/wiki/Clandestine_cell_system" title="Clandestine cell system">clandestine cell systems</a> operating in <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> who gave their allegiance to the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>, as well as the activities of the Islamic State organization in Kurdistan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State_in_Kurdistan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An Islamic State fighter of <a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechen</a> background had confirmed that the Islamic State plans to make Kurdistan into an official <a href="/wiki/Wilayah" title="Wilayah">Wilayah</a> (province) within its caliphate, although it was repeatedly delayed due to the Islamic State's failure to control any significant land in Kurdistan.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there have been many organized cells, dominated by <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> who operate in Kurdistan, which are connected to each other through their mutual allegiance to the Islamic State.<sup id="cite_ref-IA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Islamic State later made an official administrative position called the "<a href="/wiki/Wali_(Islamic_legal_guardian)" title="Wali (Islamic legal guardian)">Wali</a> of Kurdistan", in which someone is appointed to control the Islamic State activities in Kurdistan and report back to the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliph</a>. A Wali is the ruler of a Wilayah, which is an administrative region inside a Caliphate.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State_in_Kurdistan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2013, there were reports of the Islamic State making a Kurdistan wilayah (province). The purported Kurdistan wilayah was to be under the rule of Kurdish senior militants, who reported directly to the Islamic State's top leaders. The alleged wilayah included Kurdish-majority areas in Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran, and the proclamation of the wilayah was publicly announced by an Islamic State senior leader in <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Governorate" title="Nineveh Governorate">Nineveh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Qaeda, whose ideology is based on the thoughts of <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>, had also included Kurdistan as a wilayah within their planned caliphate, which reportedly inspired the Islamic State to form a Kurdistan wilayah as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Fallujah" title="Fall of Fallujah">Fall of Fallujah</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">Fall of Mosul</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Islamic State declared itself a caliphate on 29 June 2014, with <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> as the caliph.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Brigades" title="Kurdistan Brigades">Kurdistan Brigades</a>, two closely allied groups, were the top jihadist groups among Kurds. Ansar al-Islam was pro-<a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>, while the Kurdistan Brigades was an official faction of Al-Qaeda. They were both allied to the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a>, which was an Al-Qaeda affiliate at the time. Later in 2010, the Kurdistan Brigades disbanded, and the Islamic State of Iraq also disbanded in April 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Islamic State was founded on April 7, 2013, as a successor of the Islamic State of Iraq, and it became an enemy of Al-Qaeda and its affiliated groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Atassi_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atassi-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lund_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lund-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Islamic State was founded, Ansar al-Islam began fighting fiercely against them, with both groups exchanging fire for months. The Islamic State had won the conflict. Later, in July 2014, in a surprising move which sparked many questions and controversies, many Ansar al-Islam leaders pledged their allegiance to the Islamic State.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 August 2014, over 50 Ansar al-Islam commanders, and high-ranking members, pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Ansar al-Islam, despite its significant losses, continued to operate and oppose the Islamic State.<sup id="cite_ref-isis_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isis-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-isis1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isis1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2014, a spokesman of the Kurdistan Brigades released a statement in which he criticised the Kurds who joined the Islamic State.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds" title="Newroz as celebrated by Kurds">Newroz</a> 2015, the Islamic State released a 24-minute propaganda video in <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish</a>. The main speaker in the video was Abu Khattab al-Kurdi, who promised that the Islamic State was going to "bring the Caliphate to Kurdistan". The video ended with three <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> soldiers each being beheaded by a different Kurdish militant.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Islamic State in Kurdistan also claimed responsibility for two bombings in <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah" title="Al-Hasakah">Hasakah</a>, targeting Newroz celebrations, which resulted in as many as 45 people dying.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Syrian Kurdish activist who lived under the Islamic State for a period of time, in an interview, said that many of the high-ranking Kurds in the Islamic State were Iraqi Kurds, with a significant amount of Iranian Kurds and Turkish Kurds, as well as many Syrian Kurds. He claimed that Syrian Kurds had much less communication with the Islamic State, and therefore were more likely to believe rumours about the Islamic State, but many still joined them. Although he opposed the Islamic State, he refuted claims that the Islamic State was anti-Kurdish, and claimed that they do not differentiate between Kurds and <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, and that they do not fight Kurds because they are Kurds, but they fight secular-nationalist Kurdish groups because they are against their religious doctrine.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 2015, the number of Kurds in the Islamic State was estimated to be 3,000.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were dubbed the "Kurds of the Caliphate" due to their rejection of their Iraqi, Syrian, Turkish, or Iranian citizenships, as well as their rejection of loyalty to the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_nationalism" title="Kurdish nationalism">Kurdish nationalist</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani">Abu Mohammad al-Adnani</a>, in a statement released in September 2014, stated "we do not fight the Kurds because they are Kurds. Rather we fight the disbelievers amongst them, the allies of the crusaders and Jews in their war against the Muslims. As for the Muslim Kurds, they are our people and brothers wherever they may be. We spill our blood to save their blood. The Kurds in the ranks of the Islamic State are many, and they are the toughest of fighters against the disbelievers amongst their people."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Shwan_Kurdi" title="Mullah Shwan Kurdi">Mullah Shwan Kurdi</a> joined the Islamic State during <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">its early stages</a> and rose to be a senior member.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mullah Shwan appeared in a video in early 2015, in which he interviewed 20 Peshmerga fighters and 1 Iraqi soldier, who were locked in cages.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another famous preacher named Ismail Susayi, based in Erbil, also pledged his allegiance to the Islamic State and was arrested in 2018 after he was involved in an attack on governmental offices in Erbil.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dastbar Othman, a Kurdish teen from Germany who frequently visited Susayi during his trips to Iraqi Kurdistan, was also arrested after he moved to Iraqi Kurdistan to be an informant for the Islamic State.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Islamic State's influence increased quickly in <a href="/wiki/Ad%C4%B1yaman" title="Adıyaman">Adıyaman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bing%C3%B6l" title="Bingöl">Bingöl</a>, in Turkish Kurdistan, with many either leaving to join the Islamic State, or forming Islamic State cells in their cities.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adıyaman had the deadliest Islamic State cell in all of Turkey, and out of the 21-person cell, 18 were Kurdish natives of Adıyaman, which led to surprise due to how at that time Kurds were associated with the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defense_Units" title="People's Defense Units">YPG</a> in the media.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Kurds in Turkey also preferred living under the Islamic State over living in Turkey, claiming that the Islamic State would not persecute them for being Kurds.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kurds who were loyal to the Islamic State were crucial during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a>, in which both the Kurds of Kobanî as well as the Kurds who travelled there, had guided the Islamic State through the terrain and language barriers. While many of the Kurds of Kobanî welcomed the Islamic State out of genuine support, others welcomed them because they hated the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Democratic Union Party (Syria)">PYD</a> to the point they viewed the Islamic State as a better alternative.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, an Iranian Kurdish man named Saryas Sadeghi, who worked as an Islamic State recruiter, had blown himself up at the Shrine of Ruhollah Khomeini.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of Kurds in Iran who sympathised with the Islamic State had crossed to Iraqi Kurdistan or to Syria in order to join its Kurdish faction, although a small minority of them crossed into Afghanistan to join the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Islamic State – Khorasan Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, a Kurdish group known as the <a href="/wiki/White_Flags" title="White Flags">White Flags</a> emerged.<sup id="cite_ref-ignites_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ignites-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American defence and military officials claimed that the White Flags were a union of Kurdish ISIS and <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam</a> remnants, however it was just allegations, as the Kurds of the Islamic State had continued fighting for the Islamic State under sleeper cells.<sup id="cite_ref-ignites_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ignites-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also alleged that the White Flags are allied with the Islamic State, however the allegations are baseless as the two groups never interacted. The White Flags have been inactive since 2018. The common consensus was that the White Flags were an <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam</a> faction which attempted to rebrand and failed.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2021, Abu Sadiq, the Wali of Kurdistan, was killed in an <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Counter_Terrorism_Service" title="Iraqi Counter Terrorism Service">ISOF</a> operation which also killed <a href="/wiki/Abu_Yasser_al-Issawi" title="Abu Yasser al-Issawi">Abu Yasser al-Issawi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2021, Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Counter_Terrorism_Service" title="Iraqi Counter Terrorism Service">ICTS</a> forces collaborated with Kurdish <a href="/wiki/CTG_Kurdistan" title="CTG Kurdistan">CTG</a> to crackdown on Islamic State cells across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in December, Kurdish security forces disrupted dozens of Islamic State sleeper cells across Iraqi Kurdistan, and the Kurdistan Region Security Council (KRSC) confirmed that most Islamic State cell members which they arrested have been Kurds.<sup id="cite_ref-IA_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cell leader was arrested on December 13, in an operation 72 hours after the arrest of 25 Islamic State members from <a href="/wiki/Halabja" title="Halabja">Halabja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Said_Sadiq" title="Said Sadiq">Said Sadiq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khurmal_District" title="Khurmal District">Khurmal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sirwan,_Iraq" title="Sirwan, Iraq">Sirwan</a>, and Erbil.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two Kurdish sleeper cells of the Islamic State were disrupted in August 2022, and Kurdistan was referred to as a "fertile ground" for the Islamic State ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2023, an Islamic State commander who was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Camp_Speicher_massacre" title="Camp Speicher massacre">Camp Speicher massacre</a> was found and arrested in <a href="/wiki/Sulaymaniyah" title="Sulaymaniyah">Sulaymaniyah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State_in_Kurdistan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://www.independentarabia.com/node/287531/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%80%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82">"حملة اعتقالات تطال خلايا لـ"داعش" في كردستان العراق"</a>. <i>اندبندنت عربية</i> (in Arabic). 2021-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.alhurra.com&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84+%22%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%22+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alhurra.com%2Firaq%2F2021%2F01%2F28%2F%25D9%2585%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2583%25D8%25B4%25D9%2581-%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B5%25D9%258A%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B5%25D8%25B7%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF-%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orient-news.net/ar/news_show/6811">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"ولاية كوردستان" إسلامية بقيادة كردية.. آخر ابتكارات "داعش"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Orient Net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orient+Net&rft.atitle=%22%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%22+%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9..+%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%22%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forient-news.net%2Far%2Fnews_show%2F6811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlausen2021" class="citation book cs1">Klausen, Jytte (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p7Q6EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53">"2: The Founder"</a>. <i>Western Jihadism: A Thirty-Year History</i>. Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox2 6dp, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 53–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-887079-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-887079-1"><bdi>978-0-19-887079-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2%3A+The+Founder&rft.btitle=Western+Jihadism%3A+A+Thirty-Year+History&rft.place=Great+Clarendon+Street%2C+Oxford%2C+ox2+6dp%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=53-54&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-19-887079-1&rft.aulast=Klausen&rft.aufirst=Jytte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp7Q6EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Tompkins,_CrossettSpitaletta,_Marshal2012" class="citation book cs1">J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=State+loses+control+of+Fallujah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2014%2F1%2F4%2Firaq-government-loses-control-of-fallujah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-SalhyArango2014" class="citation news cs1">Al-Salhy, Suadad; Arango, Tim (June 10, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/world/middleeast/militants-in-mosul.html">"Sunni Militants Drive Iraqi Army Out of Mosul"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sunni+Militants+Drive+Iraqi+Army+Out+of+Mosul&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft.aulast=Al-Salhy&rft.aufirst=Suadad&rft.au=Arango%2C+Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F06%2F11%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fmilitants-in-mosul.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-02/could-an-isis-caliphate-ever-govern-the-muslim-world/5559806">"Could an ISIS caliphate ever govern the Muslim world?"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 2014-07-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/6/9/qaeda-chief-annuls-syrian-iraqi-jihad-merger">the original</a> on 21 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Qaeda+chief+annuls+Syrian-Iraqi+jihad+merger&rft.date=2013-06-09&rft.aulast=Atassi&rft.aufirst=Basma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2F6%2F9%2Fqaeda-chief-annuls-syrian-iraqi-jihad-merger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lund-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lund_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLund2014" class="citation web cs1">Lund, Aron (3 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729032303/https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/54411">"A Public Service Announcement From Al-Qaeda"</a>. <i>Carnegie Middle East Center</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&rft.atitle=IS+disciplines+some+emirs+to+avoid+losing+base+%E2%80%93+Al-Monitor%3A+the+Pulse+of+the+Middle+East&rft.date=2014-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Fsecurity%2F2014%2F09%2Fis-takfiri-caliphate.html%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isis1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isis1_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/184544#.VAxa5xagSSk">"Jihadist Group Swears Loyalty to Islamic State – Middle East – News"</a>. <i>Arutz Sheva</i>. 29 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140901053705/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/184544#.VAxa5xagSSk">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arutz+Sheva&rft.atitle=Jihadist+Group+Swears+Loyalty+to+Islamic+State+%E2%80%93+Middle+East+%E2%80%93+News&rft.date=2014-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F184544%23.VAxa5xagSSk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115165801/https://www.rudaw.net/turkish/kurdistan/140120216">"ABD-İran geriliminin yeni ismi; El Kaide'nin Kürt grubu"</a>. <i>www.rudaw.net</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rudaw.net&rft.atitle=ABD-%C4%B0ran+geriliminin+yeni+ismi%3B+El+Kaide%27nin+K%C3%BCrt+grubu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudaw.net%2Fturkish%2Fkurdistan%2F140120216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/amp/isis-kurds-/26915999.html">"New IS 'Execution' Video Targets Kurds"</a>. <i>www.rferl.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526033430/https://www.rferl.org/amp/isis-kurds-/26915999.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3+24+%2F+France+24&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%87%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%88%D9%81+%22%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%22%D8%9F&rft.date=2014-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Far%2F20140624-%25D9%2583%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alarab.co.uk/أكراد-عراقيون-يتمردون-على-قوميتهم-ويرفعون-راية-داعش?amp">"أكراد عراقيون يتمردون على قوميتهم ويرفعون راية داعش"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A&rft.atitle=%D9%83%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9%3A+%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Farabic%2Ftvandradio%2F2015%2F09%2F150928_isil_kords_bbc_documentaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrton2014" class="citation web cs1">Orton, Kyle (September 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240617200747/https://scholarship.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/25c10970-602e-4bc5-8db7-4bd04eea6402/content">"Islamic State Spokesman Calls For Attacks Against the West"</a>. p. 13. Archived from the original on June 17, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baghdad+Post&rft.atitle=Iraqi+security+forces+repel+White+Flags+terrorists+in+Tuz+Khurmatu&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebaghdadpost.com%2Fen%2Fstory%2F22911%2FIraqi-security-forces-repel-White-Flags-terrorists-in-Tuz-Khurmatu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arabic.news.cn/2021-01/29/c_139707429.htm">"تحليل إخباري: خبراء وقادة يعدون مقتل والي العراق نجاحا للقوات العراقية"</a>. <i>arabic.news.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=arabic.news.cn&rft.atitle=%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84+%D8%A5%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%3A+%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82+%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7+%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farabic.news.cn%2F2021-01%2F29%2Fc_139707429.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFوكالات2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">وكالات (2021-01-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asharq.com/politics/1884/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%B2%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4/">"العراق يعلن القضاء على نائب زعيم "داعش" | الشرق للأخبار"</a>. <i>Asharq News</i> (in Arabic)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asharq+News&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82+%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8+%D8%B2%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%85+%22%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%22+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft.au=%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasharq.com%2Fpolitics%2F1884%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582-%25D9%258A%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2582%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A1-%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2589-%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25B2%25D8%25B9%25D9%258A%25D9%2585-%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skynewsarabia.com/amp/middle-east/1454126-بينهم-قياديون-العراق-يستهدف-خلايا-داعش-النائمة">"بينهم قياديون.. العراق يستهدف خلايا "داعش" النائمة"</a>. July 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85+%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86..+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82+%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%81+%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7+%22%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%22+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9&rft.date=2021-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skynewsarabia.com%2Famp%2Fmiddle-east%2F1454126-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%81-%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independentarabia.com/node/287531/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%80%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82">"حملة اعتقالات تطال خلايا لـ"داعش" في كردستان العراق"</a>. <i>اندبندنت عربية</i> (in Arabic). 2021-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.atitle=%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D9%84%D9%80%22%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%22+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&rft.date=2021-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independentarabia.com%2Fnode%2F287531%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B4%25D8%25B1%25D9%2582-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B7%2F%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D9%2584%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584-%25D8%25AE%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7-%25D9%2584%25D9%2580%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B4-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D9%2583%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independentarabia.com/node/365291/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B6%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"داعش" ما زال قادرا على ضم عناصر من كردستان"</a>. <i>اندبندنت عربية</i> (in Arabic)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.atitle=%22%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%22+%D9%85%D8%A7+%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84+%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%B6%D9%85+%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1+%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independentarabia.com%2Fnode%2F365291%2F%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A9%2F%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%2F%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B4-%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584-%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2589-%25D8%25B6%25D9%2585-%25D8%25B9%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B5%25D8%25B1-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/32067-ISIS-leader-arrested-in-Sulaimani-for-involvement-in-Speicher-Massacre">"ISIS leader arrested in Sulaimani for involvement in Speicher Massacre"</a>. July 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+leader+arrested+in+Sulaimani+for+involvement+in+Speicher+Massacre&rft.date=2023-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurdistan24.net%2Fen%2Fstory%2F32067-ISIS-leader-arrested-in-Sulaimani-for-involvement-in-Speicher-Massacre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+State+in+Kurdistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State_in_Kurdistan&oldid=1246288673">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State_in_Kurdistan&oldid=1246288673</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar)" title="Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)">CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">CS1 maint: location</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 September 2024, at 01:24<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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