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title="위키백과 검색 [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>검색</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="위키백과 검색" aria-label="위키백과 검색" autocapitalize="sentences" title="위키백과 검색 [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="특수:검색"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">검색</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="개인 도구"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="문서의 글꼴 크기, 폭, 색의 모습을 변경합니다" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="보이기" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC+%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4+%EC%82%AC%EB%94%94+%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC+%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4+%EC%82%AC%EB%94%94+%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC+%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4+%EC%82%AC%EB%94%94+%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC+%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4+%EC%82%AC%EB%94%94+%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-생애" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#생애"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>생애</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-생애-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-카르노_기관" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#카르노_기관"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>카르노 기관</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-카르노_기관-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">니콜라 레오나르 사디 카르노</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 69개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88" title="سعدي كارنو – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سعدي كارنو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88" title="سادي كارنو – 모로코 아랍어" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سادي كارنو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="모로코 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88_(%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)" title="سعدى كارنو (رياضياتى من فرنسا) – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سعدى كارنو (رياضياتى من فرنسا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88" title="نیکولا سعدی کارنو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیکولا سعدی کارنو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Нікала Леанар Садзі Карно – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нікала Леанар Садзі Карно" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Сади Карно (физик) – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сади Карно (физик)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B" title="সাদি কার্নো – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাদি কার্নো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%86" title="نیکۆلا لێونارد سادی کارنۆ – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیکۆلا لێونارد سادی کارنۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(fysiker)" title="Sadi Carnot (fysiker) – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sadi Carnot (fysiker)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AC_%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%81_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%8C" title="Νικολά Λεονάρ Σαντί Καρνό – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νικολά Λεονάρ Σαντί Καρνό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88" title="نیکلا سعدی کارنو – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیکلا سعدی کارنو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(physicien)" title="Sadi Carnot (physicien) – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sadi Carnot (physicien)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95" title="סאדי קרנו – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סאדי קרנו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B" title="सादी कार्नो – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सादी कार्नो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Leonard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%B8" title="Սադի Կառնո – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սադի Կառնո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC" title="ニコラ・レオナール・サディ・カルノー – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニコラ・レオナール・サディ・カルノー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="სადი კარნო – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სადი კარნო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Николя Леонар Сади Карно – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Николя Леонар Сади Карно" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8B" title="ನಿಕೊಲಾಸ್ ಲಿಯೊನಾರ್ಡ್ ಸಾಡಿ ಕಾರ್ನೋ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಿಕೊಲಾಸ್ ಲಿಯೊನಾರ್ಡ್ ಸಾಡಿ ಕಾರ್ನೋ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Leonardus_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolaus Leonardus Sadi Carnot – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nicolaus Leonardus Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sad%C4%AB_Karno" title="Sadī Karno – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sadī Karno" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8B" title="നിക്കോളാസ് കാർണോ – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിക്കോളാസ് കാർണോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B" title="सादी कार्नो – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सादी कार्नो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(fisician)" title="Sadi Carnot (fisician) – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sadi Carnot (fisician)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE,_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Карно, Сади – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карно, Сади" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Leonard_Sadi_Karno" title="Nikola Leonard Sadi Karno – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Nikola Leonard Sadi Karno" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(fysiker)" title="Sadi Carnot (fysiker) – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sadi Carnot (fysiker)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B" title="சாடி கார்னோ – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாடி கார்னோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99" title="นีกอลา เลออนาร์ ซาดี การ์โน – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นีกอลา เลออนาร์ ซาดี การ์โน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – 튀르키예어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="튀르키예어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Саді Карно (фізик) – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Саді Карно (фізик)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%BA" title="尼古拉·卡诺 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="尼古拉·卡诺" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="ნიკოლა ლეონარ სადი კარნო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიკოლა ლეონარ სადი კარნო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%BA" title="尼古拉·卡诺 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼古拉·卡诺" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311307">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn summary" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;">니콜라 레오나르 사디 카르노<br /><div style="color:gray;font-size:80%">Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image">[[파일:<span typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="//ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/위키백과:파일_올리기?wpDestFile=Nicolas_Carnot.jpg" class="new" title="파일:Nicolas Carnot.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="100">니콜라 레오나르 사디 카르노</span></a></span>|225px|alt=]]<div class="infobox-caption"><div style="padding-top:2pt;">니콜라 레오나르 사디 카르노 사진</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">본명</th><td class="infobox-data">니콜라 레오나르 사디 카르노</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">로마자 표기</th><td class="infobox-data">Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">출생</th><td class="infobox-data">1832년 3월 25일<br />파리, 프랑스</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">사망</th><td class="infobox-data">1832년 3월 25일<br />파리, 프랑스</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">성별</th><td class="infobox-data">남성</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">국적</th><td class="infobox-data category">프랑스</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">학력</th><td class="infobox-data">파리 학교</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">경력</th><td class="infobox-data">프랑스 정부 기술부 직원</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">직업</th><td class="infobox-data role">물리학자</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">활동 기간</th><td class="infobox-data">1820년 ~ 1832년</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">소속</th><td class="infobox-data">프랑스 국가</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">종교</th><td class="infobox-data">로마 カトリック</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">병역</th><td class="infobox-data">프랑스 국군 병사</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">상훈</th><td class="infobox-data">열역학 제2법칙</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>위의 정보는 제공된 내용을 템플릿에 따라 채운 결과입니다. 추가 설명이나 비어있는 부분이 있다면 참고해 조정하시기 바랍니다. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Sadi_Carnot.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sadi_Carnot.jpeg/220px-Sadi_Carnot.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sadi_Carnot.jpeg/330px-Sadi_Carnot.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sadi_Carnot.jpeg/440px-Sadi_Carnot.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="1286" /></a><figcaption>사디 카르노</figcaption></figure> <p><b>니콜라 레오나르 사디 카르노</b>(Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, <a href="/wiki/1796%EB%85%84" title="1796년">1796년</a>~<a href="/wiki/1832%EB%85%84" title="1832년">1832년</a>)는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4" title="프랑스">프랑스</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="물리학자">물리학자</a>이다. 그는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4" title="열">열</a>은 높은 온도로부터 낮은 온도로 옮겨질 때에만 힘을 얻을 수 있고, 그와 반대의 경우에는 밖으로부터 힘을 주지 않으면 안 된다는 사실을 증명하였다. 이것은 오늘날의 '<a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_%EC%A0%9C2%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="열역학 제2법칙">열역학 제2법칙</a>'과 같은 것이다. 저서로 《열 및 열 기관에 관한 고찰》 등이 있다. 그의 아버지는 국민공회 시기 공안위원회 위원이었으며 나폴레옹 밑에서 내무장관을 지낸 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8" title="라자르 카르노">라자르 카르노</a>다. 그의 동생인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8" title="이폴리트 카르노">이폴리트 카르노</a>는 프랑스 제2공화국의 교육종교부장관이었다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="생애"><span id=".EC.83.9D.EC.95.A0"></span>생애</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC_%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4_%EC%82%AC%EB%94%94_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 생애"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1796년 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4" title="프랑스">프랑스</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A6%AC_(%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4)" title="파리 (프랑스)">파리</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8" title="라자르 카르노">라자르 카르노</a>의 아들로 출생하였다. 파리 이공과대학 졸업 후 육군공병장교로 복무하였다. 1827년 제대 후 파리에서 음악과 미술에 열중했으며, 광산학교와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%B3%B8_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="소르본 대학">소르본 대학</a>에서 수학·물리학·화학·박물학·정치·경제 등을 공부했다. 1824년 《불의 동력 및 그 힘의 발생에 적당한 기계에 관한 고찰》 (<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="프랑스어">프랑스어</a>: </span><span lang="fr">Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu et sur les machines propres développer cette puissance</span>)을 발표하여 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="열역학">열역학</a>, 특히 제2법칙의 기초를 닦았다. 즉 열을 동력으로 변화시키는 과정을 고찰, 카르노 순환의 개념을 도입하여, 동력은 열이 뜨거운 물체에서 찬 물체로 이동할 때 발생한다는 것을 깨닫고, 온도차의 역할과 '열평형 회복'의 중요성을 지적하였다. </p><p>1830년 7월 혁명으로 연구는 단절되고, 2년 후 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%9C%EB%A0%88%EB%9D%BC" title="콜레라">콜레라</a>에 걸려 36세로 생애를 마쳤다. 대부분의 논문과 유품은 당시 콜레라 환자에게 관습적으로 행해지던 대로 그가 죽자마자 폐기 처분되었다. 그의 논문은 에밀 클라페옹에 의하여 출판되어 주목을 받았고, 톰슨과 클라우지우스에 의하여 전개되어, 열역학 제2법칙으로 결실을 보게 되었다. 유고에서 종래의 열물질성을 탈피하여 열과 일의 당량성을 제시하였으며, 이 업적으로 물리학사상 열역학의 선구자가 되었다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="카르노_기관"><span id=".EC.B9.B4.EB.A5.B4.EB.85.B8_.EA.B8.B0.EA.B4.80"></span>카르노 기관</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC_%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4_%EC%82%AC%EB%94%94_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 카르노 기관"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="카르노 기관">카르노 기관</a>입니다.</div> <p>열기관은 주위에서 열에너지를 끄집어내어 일을 수행하는 장치이다. 이때 모든 열기관의 핵심은 작동 물질이다. 증기기관에서는 증기나 액체 형태의 물이 작동물질이다. 자동차 엔진에서는 휘발유와 공기의 혼합물이 작동물질이다. 만일 열기관이 지속적으로 일을 하려면 작동물질은 순환 작동되어야 한다. 즉, 작동물질은 각 상태가 반복되는 순환과정이라고 불리는 열역학적 순환과정을 거쳐야 한다. </p><p>이상 기관은 열로써 일을 할 때 원리적으로는 최상의 기관이다. 카르노는 열역학 제1 법칙이나 엔트로피의 개념의 발견되기 이전에 이 기관의 성능을 분석하였다. </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8%EC%88%9C%ED%99%98.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ko/9/9b/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8%EC%88%9C%ED%99%98.gif" decoding="async" width="509" height="432" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="432" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="322" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="322" /></a></span> </p><p><br /> </p> <div><small><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/20px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/30px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/40px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Cc.logo.circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/20px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/30px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/40px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 이 문서에는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C" title="다음">다음커뮤니케이션</a>(현 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85)" title="카카오 (기업)">카카오</a>)에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="위키백과:GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a> 또는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="위키백과:Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">CC-SA</a> 라이선스로 배포한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C_%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%8C_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="위키백과:다음 글로벌 세계대백과사전">글로벌 세계대백과사전</a>의 내용을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다.</small></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38501082">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181685#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181685#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181685#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국제</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/141157/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081223476">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/44296404">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbMbytxtbyKPh6jgqQwmd">월드캣</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90595476">노르웨이</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000512617">칠레</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX990764">스페인</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118952307">프랑스</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118952307">BnF 데이터</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058526159206706">카탈루냐</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118838067">독일</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259570405171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85800215">미국</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a 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<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118838067.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1167834">Trove</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">기타</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026767724">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">원본 주소 "<a dir="ltr" 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