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block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/30px-Blue_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/45px-Blue_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/60px-Blue_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines#guide" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">guideline</a> is a part of the English Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a>.</b><br><div style="font-size: 90%;"> It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">occasional exceptions</a> may apply. Any <i>substantive</i> edit to this page should reflect <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>. When in doubt, discuss first on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Visual arts">talk page</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:VA"></span><span id="MOS:VISUAL"></span><span id="MOS:ART"></span><span id="WP:VAMOS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:VA&redirect=no">MOS:VA</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:VISUAL&redirect=no">MOS:VISUAL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:ART&redirect=no">MOS:ART</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:VAMOS&redirect=no">WP:VAMOS</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style (MoS)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr"></div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"><br><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"></form></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">By topic area</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Style" title="Template:Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Style" title="Template talk:Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This page sets out some guidance on special issues commonly encountered in writing about the <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">visual arts</a>, and has been developed by members of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Visual arts">WikiProject Visual arts</a>. It should be read in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia Manual of Style</a>. Queries can be raised at the discussion pages here or at the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Visual arts">Visual Arts Project</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Helpful_Wikipedia_links"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Helpful Wikipedia links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Text_issues"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Text issues</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Using_infoboxes_and_templates"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Using infoboxes and templates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Lead_section"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lead section</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Capitalization_and_art_movements"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Capitalization and art movements</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Lists_of_works"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Lists of works</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Lists_of_museums,_galleries,_or_collections"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Lists of museums, galleries, or collections</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Articles_to_write"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Articles to write</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Multiples,_copies_and_versions"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Multiples, copies and versions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Article_titles"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">Article titles</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Biographies"><span class="tocnumber">2.8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Biographies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Works_of_art"><span class="tocnumber">2.8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Works of art</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Manuscripts"><span class="tocnumber">2.8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Manuscripts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Exhibitions"><span class="tocnumber">2.8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Exhibitions</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Describing_works"><span class="tocnumber">2.9</span> <span class="toctext">Describing works</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Museums_and_collections"><span class="tocnumber">2.9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Museums and collections</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Dates"><span class="tocnumber">2.9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Measurements"><span class="tocnumber">2.9.3</span> <span class="toctext">Measurements</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Medium"><span class="tocnumber">2.9.4</span> <span class="toctext">Medium</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Right_and_left"><span class="tocnumber">2.9.5</span> <span class="toctext">Right and left</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Prints"><span class="tocnumber">2.9.6</span> <span class="toctext">Prints</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Using_images_of_art"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Using images of art</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Basic_formatting_and_size"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Basic formatting and size</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Image_captions"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Image captions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Placing"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Placing</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Available_templates"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Available templates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Too_many_pictures,_too_little_text?"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Too many pictures, too little text?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Galleries"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Galleries</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Image_rationales"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Image rationales</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Uploading"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">Uploading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Image_resources"><span class="tocnumber">3.9</span> <span class="toctext">Image resources</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#References_are_essential"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">References are essential</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Useful_external_resources"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Useful external resources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#External_resources_for_writing_about_art"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">External resources for writing about art</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Example_image_and_caption"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Example image and caption</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Helpful_Wikipedia_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Helpful_Wikipedia_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Helpful_Wikipedia_links"></span>Helpful Wikipedia links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Helpful_Wikipedia_links"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Helpful Wikipedia links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_style_guidelines" title="Category:Wikipedia style guidelines">Wikipedia style guidelines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Wikipedia:Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biographies" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biographies">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_guidelines" title="Category:Wikipedia guidelines">Wikipedia guidelines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Wikipedia:Notability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (people)">Wikipedia:Notability (people)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(use_English)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (use English)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (use English)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_the_cultural_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Advice for the cultural sector">Wikipedia:Advice for the cultural sector</a> is a special page dealing with the concerns of editors who are museum curators, librarians or archivists.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Text_issues" data-mw-thread-id="h-Text_issues"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Text_issues"></span>Text issues<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Text_issues"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Text issues" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Using_infoboxes_and_templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_infoboxes_and_templates-Text_issues"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_infoboxes_and_templates-Text_issues"></span>Using infoboxes and templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_infoboxes_and_templates-Text_issues"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Using infoboxes and templates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>There are dedicated infoboxes and some templates for Visual arts articles at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Visual_arts#Templates" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Visual arts">Wikipedia:WikiProject Visual arts#Templates</a>, in addition to the standard biography infoboxes and national/cultural templates. There may be a conflict for space between the need to illustrate visual arts articles and the use of infoboxes. This is decided on a case-by-case basis. </p><p>Templates at the bottom of the page are usually preferable to those at the side, where they may make it difficult to incorporate proper illustration of a VA article. If so, they are likely to be removed. </p><p>Information in an infobox contains basic introductory facts from the article. If something is not substantiated in the article, or would involve over-simplification, it should not be included in the infobox. An alternative to an infobox is to use a normal picture with caption. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lead_section" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lead_section-Text_issues"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Lead_section-Text_issues"></span>Lead section<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Lead_section-Text_issues"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lead section" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In general it is best and safest to use "artist" in the lead of a biography; very many artists were not just painters (many articles are currently defective in this respect). If the artist did significant work in several media, that should be indicated, as, for example: </p> <blockquote><p><b>Edgar Degas</b> (19 July 1834 – 27 September 1917), born <b>Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ilɛːʁ<span class="wrap"> </span>ʒɛʁmɛ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>ɛdɡaʁ<span class="wrap"> </span>də<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡɑ]</a></span>), was a French artist, who worked in <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">printmaking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawing</a>. </p></blockquote> <p>The lead section on individual works of art should give at least the following information (in roughly this order): Name(s)/title(s) of work, artist, date, type and materials, subject, nation or city of origin, present location. A reference to the style, school or movement it or the artist belongs to is usually appropriate. If there is a quotation from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">reliable source</a> assessing its general quality or significance, that can be added, but avoid unreferenced <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PEACOCK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PEACOCK">assertions</a> which will be challenged, even if they are reasonable. An indication of the work's place in the artist's development, or a larger art historical movement, may be appropriate. Per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LEAD" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LEAD">WP:LEAD</a> the rest of the section should generally summarize, at least for longer articles, the material covered in the other sections, especially if "unexpected" – if the object is widely considered to be a fake, like the <a href="/wiki/Getty_kouros" title="Getty kouros">Getty kouros</a>, do not save this information for a later section. This is often called the "no surprises" principle – after reading the lead, there should be no major surprises in the rest of the article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capitalization_and_art_movements" data-mw-thread-id="h-Capitalization_and_art_movements-Text_issues"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Capitalization_and_art_movements-Text_issues"></span>Capitalization and art movements<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Capitalization_and_art_movements-Text_issues"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Capitalization and art movements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Capitalization of art movements and art style names is a complex issue.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041208073406/http://www.collegeart.org/caa/publications/AB/ABStyleGuide.html">College Art Association style guide for <i>Art Bulletin</i></a> says (or, it seems, used to say): </p> <blockquote><p> In general, sharply delimited period titles are capitalized, whereas large periods and terms applicable to several periods are not: e.g., Archaic, Baroque, Early and High Renaissance, Early Christian, Gothic, Greek Classicism of the fifth century (otherwise, classicism), Imperial, Impressionism, Islamic, Mannerist, Middle Ages, Modernism, Neoclassicism for the late-eighteenth-century movement (otherwise, neoclassicism), Post-Impressionism, Pre-Columbian, Rococo, Roman, Romanesque, Romantic period, Xth Dynasty, antique, antiquity, classicism (see above), medieval, modern, neoclassicism (see above), postmodern, prehistoric, quattrocento.</p></blockquote> <p>In passing references to details of style, it may be appropriate to use lower case terms e.g.: baroque, gothic, mannerist, modernist – but always Renaissance, Impressionist, Middle Ages. </p><p>A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051211111800/http://zeal.com/guidelines/a_z_style_guide/a_to_h/a.jhtml">style guide at zeal.com</a> suggests using a dictionary to determine capitalization. However, dictionaries vary on art movement/style capitalization. (See <a href="/wiki/User:Sparkit/capitalization" title="User:Sparkit/capitalization">User:Sparkit/capitalization</a>.) The Wikipedia Manual of Style does not touch on art movements and styles in particular, but <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters</a> states that Wikipedia style is to use lower case when sources are inconsistent. See also the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150329070630/http://www.artedit.org/styleguide.htm">Association of Art Editors Style Guide, 2013</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150329070630/http://www.artedit.org/styleguide.htm#artmove">Association of Art Editors Style Guide, 2013. Art movements, periods, and styles</a>: "The question of whether to capitalize or lowercase is one of the most common in the field of art history and one of the most difficult in which to attain any agreement."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lists_of_works" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lists_of_works-Text_issues"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Lists_of_works-Text_issues"></span>Lists of works<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Lists_of_works-Text_issues"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lists of works" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lists of works within a biography should be used cautiously; they are really only appropriate for major artists with a small <a href="/wiki/Oeuvre" class="mw-disambig" title="Oeuvre">oeuvre</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> or <a href="/wiki/Giorgione" title="Giorgione">Giorgione</a>. Longer ones are best moved to separate articles like <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Caspar_David_Friedrich" title="List of works by Caspar David Friedrich">List of works by Caspar David Friedrich</a>. If compiled from old sources like EB 1911, there are likely to be inaccuracies as (a) many works in private collections will have been sold and (b) some in museums will have been re-attributed. A short section on notable works is better, although care must be taken to give a worldwide view, not just covering works in the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lists_of_museums,_galleries,_or_collections" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lists_of_museums,_galleries,_or_collections-Text_issues"><span id="Lists_of_museums.2C_galleries.2C_or_collections"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Lists_of_museums,_galleries,_or_collections-Text_issues"></span>Lists of museums, galleries, or collections<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Lists_of_museums,_galleries,_or_collections-Text_issues"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lists of museums, galleries, or collections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Although these types of lists may be found in artist's resumes, they are not very useful to Wikipedia readers if they only list institutional names and nothing else. A reader can typically find much better information through a basic web search. A list of notable works, as described previously, may optionally be annotated with the location of the artworks, if known and not expected to change. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_to_write" data-mw-thread-id="h-Articles_to_write-Text_issues"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Articles_to_write-Text_issues"></span>Articles to write<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Articles_to_write-Text_issues"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Articles to write" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>There is a need for more articles on non-Western historic art, and on applied or <a href="/wiki/Decorative_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Decorative art">decorative art</a> from all times and places, where coverage is generally very poor at present. Digital art is also poorly covered.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Generally, very short articles (say less than 200 words of main text) on individual works of art are to be avoided, as the information can be included in the main article on the artist, or incorporated with other similar short pieces in a dedicated article, such as <a href="/wiki/Portraits_by_Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Portraits by Vincent van Gogh">Portraits by Vincent van Gogh</a>. </p><p>When there is sufficient notability and information to merit a separate article on an individual work of art, all pertinent facts as specified in <a href="#Image_captions">Image captions</a> (below) should be included, as well as relevant material covering the content, <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a>, style, significance in the artist's oeuvre, and <a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">provenance</a>. </p><p>Shorter articles on artists (i.e. a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>) are acceptable, provided the subject meets the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">notability</a> guidelines, and the article meets our standard of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VERIFY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VERIFY">verification</a>, with a sufficient number of independent reliable secondary sources (see <a href="#Sources">sources</a> below). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multiples,_copies_and_versions" data-mw-thread-id="h-Multiples,_copies_and_versions-Text_issues"><span id="Multiples.2C_copies_and_versions"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Multiples,_copies_and_versions-Text_issues"></span>Multiples, copies and versions<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Multiples,_copies_and_versions-Text_issues"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Multiples, copies and versions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:ART/MULTI"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:ART/MULTI&redirect=no">MOS:ART/MULTI</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Where a work of art is produced in multiple copies, as with a <a href="/wiki/Casting" title="Casting">cast</a> bronze sculpture, a print, or works of decorative art produced under factory conditions, the article should as far as possible cover all copies, and normally should reflect this in its title and text, rather than specifying one location. The same generally goes for objects produced as a matching set, even if they are now separated. If the articles get long enough, it may be appropriate to give individual members of a set their own articles, as with the six paintings in <a href="/wiki/Marriage_A-la-Mode_(Hogarth)" title="Marriage A-la-Mode (Hogarth)"><i>Marriage A-la-Mode</i> (Hogarth)</a>. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Winston_Churchill_(Epstein)" title="Bust of Winston Churchill (Epstein)">Bust of Winston Churchill (Epstein)</a> (ten or more casts), <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vres_pot-pourri_vase_in_the_shape_of_a_ship" title="Sèvres pot-pourri vase in the shape of a ship">Sèvres pot-pourri vase in the shape of a ship</a> (in porcelain with several examples), and <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Cartoons" title="Raphael Cartoons">Raphael Cartoons</a> (a set). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Article_titles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Article_titles-Text_issues"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Article_titles-Text_issues"></span>Article titles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Article_titles-Text_issues"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Article titles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table style="float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232484023">.mw-parser-output .help-box{background:#f5faff;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title{background:#cee0f2;font-size:130%;padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;margin-bottom:6px}.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#cee0f2;padding:0.1em 0.7em 0.15em}.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-content,.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding-top:0.15em}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .help-box{width:auto;max-width:22em}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .help-box{background:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#082849}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#082849}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks help-box noprint hlist" style="font-size:85%;width:23.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><span style="font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></span></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> All naming conventions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_naming_conventions" title="Category:Wikipedia naming conventions">Category:Wikipedia naming conventions</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Nature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(fauna)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (fauna)">Fauna (animals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(flora)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (flora)">Flora (plants)</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Arts</li> <li>Entertainment</li> <li>Media</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(books)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (books)">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(broadcasting)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (broadcasting)">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(comics)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (comics)">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(films)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (films)">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(manuscripts)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (manuscripts)">Manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(music)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (music)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(operas)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (operas)">Operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(television)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (television)">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(video_games)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (video games)">Video games</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Article_titles">Visual arts</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(people)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (people)">People</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(clergy)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (clergy)">Clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(ethnicities_and_tribes)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (ethnicities and tribes)">Ethnicities and tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(royalty_and_nobility)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (royalty and nobility)">Royalty and nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(sportspeople)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (sportspeople)">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(baseball_players)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (baseball players)">Baseball players</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Science</li> <li>Technology</li> <li>Transport</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(astronomical_objects)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (astronomical objects)">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (chemistry)">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles#Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(languages)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (languages)">Programming languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(aircraft)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (aircraft)">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(ships)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (ships)">Ships</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Government</li> <li>Politics</li> <li>Law</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(government_and_legislation)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (government and legislation)">Government and legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(political_parties)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (political parties)">Political parties</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Organizations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(companies)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (companies)">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Latter Day Saints)">Latter Day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(sports_teams)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (sports teams)">Sports teams</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Numbers</li> <li>Dates</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(numbers_and_dates)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (numbers and dates)">Numbers and dates</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Places</li> <li>Events</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(events)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (events)">Events</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Lists</li> <li>Categories</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Category_names" title="Wikipedia:Category names">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists#Naming_conventions" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(long_lists)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (long lists)">Long lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Stub_sorting/Naming_conventions" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Naming conventions">Stub sorting</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Language/country-specific</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(writing_systems)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (writing systems)">Writing systems</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(languages)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (languages)">All languages</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(country-specific_topics)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (country-specific topics)">All countries</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(ancient_Romans)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (ancient Romans)">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Armenian)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Armenian)">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(places_in_Bangladesh)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (places in Bangladesh)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Burmese)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Burmese)">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Chinese)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Chinese)">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Germany/Conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Germany/Conventions">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Greek)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Greek)">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Hebrew)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Hebrew)">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Indic)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Indic)">Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(Ireland-related_articles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (Ireland-related articles)">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Korean)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Korean)">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Mongolian)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Mongolian)">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(New_Zealand)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (New Zealand)">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Norse_mythology)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Norse mythology)">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Romanization_of_Russian" title="Wikipedia:Romanization of Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Tibetan)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Tibetan)">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Romanization_of_Ukrainian" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Romanization of Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Formatting</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(capitalization)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (capitalization)">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(use_English)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (use English)">Use English</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(definite_or_indefinite_article_at_beginning_of_name)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (definite or indefinite article at beginning of name)">Definite or indefinite article at beginning of name</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(plurals)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (plurals)">Plurals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations#Acronyms_in_page_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Acronyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">Technical restrictions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Naming_conventions" title="Template:Naming conventions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Naming_conventions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Naming conventions (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Naming_conventions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Naming conventions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:ART/TITLE"></span><span id="MOS:VATITLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:ART/TITLE&redirect=no">MOS:ART/TITLE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:VATITLE&redirect=no">MOS:VATITLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biographies" data-mw-thread-id="h-Biographies-Article_titles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Biographies-Article_titles"></span>Biographies<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Biographies-Article_titles"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Biographies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>If a biography needs disambiguating then <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Smith_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Smith (artist) (page does not exist)">John Smith (artist)</a> is usually the best choice, as opposed to e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Smith_(painter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Smith (painter) (page does not exist)">John Smith (painter)</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Visual_arts/Art_Manual_of_Style#Lead_section" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Visual arts/Art Manual of Style">Lead section</a> above). For other people <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Smith_(potter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Smith (potter) (page does not exist)">John Smith (potter)</a> or "art historian", "silversmith" may be appropriate. For movements, or techniques, add (art) or a more specific term such as (sculpture) if appropriate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Works_of_art" data-mw-thread-id="h-Works_of_art-Article_titles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Works_of_art-Article_titles"></span>Works of art<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Works_of_art-Article_titles"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Works of art" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>For articles on individual works of art: </p> <ul><li>The title of a work of art is <i>italicized</i> in text, as well as the article title itself (use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Italic_title" title="Template:Italic title">Italic title</a>}}</code>). Other artworks may have names (unitalicized) rather than titles, a fine distinction. These include <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated manuscripts</a> (except where they are the unique manuscript of a work whose title is the name for the manuscript) and other objects that are of some practical use, or archaeological artefacts, which are not italicized in any context: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gold_Cup" title="Royal Gold Cup">Royal Gold Cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sedgeford_Torc" title="Sedgeford Torc">Sedgeford Torc</a> etc. For a title with no owner's name or location in it to be italicized, it has to be plausible to some degree that the creator would have considered the name we know an object by as its title.</li> <li>If the title is not very specific, or refers to a common subject, add the surname of the artist in parentheses afterwards, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Reading_the_Letter_(Picasso)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading the Letter (Picasso)"><i>Reading the Letter</i> (Picasso)</a>. It is generally better to disambiguate by the artist's name than by medium, as there may be other paintings or sculptures of the same name by other artists. If the artist produced several works with the same, or very similar, titles, add the location of the work (usually a city rather than, e.g., a museum), unless it is in a private collection. For example, <a href="/wiki/Annunciation_(van_Eyck,_Washington)" title="Annunciation (van Eyck, Washington)"><i>Annunciation</i> (van Eyck, Washington)</a>, as van Eyck painted several Annunciations. A title such as <a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_Child_(Raphael)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna and Child (Raphael)"><i>Madonna and Child</i> (Raphael)</a> is of little use (see <a href="/wiki/Category:Paintings_of_the_Madonna_and_Child_by_Raphael" title="Category:Paintings of the Madonna and Child by Raphael">Category:Paintings of the Madonna and Child by Raphael</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orsha_(unknown)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Orsha (unknown)"><i>Battle of Orsha</i> (unknown)</a> is clearly unhelpful. The names of less well-known artists may not be suitable disambiguation terms.</li> <li>Avoid the construction "X's Y" (e.g. <i>Botticelli's Birth of Venus</i>). It only works in a small minority of cases, such as <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrer%27s_Rhinoceros" title="Dürer's Rhinoceros">Dürer's Rhinoceros</a></i>, where the work is very well known by that title and the alternative (<i>The Rhinoceros</i> (Dürer)) is considered too far from common usage.</li> <li>Where there are several variant titles, preference is usually given to the predominant one used by art historians writing in English, and if this is not clear, the English title used by the owning museum. Few <a href="/wiki/Old_master" class="mw-redirect" title="Old master">old master</a> paintings had specific titles when they were painted.</li> <li>Objects such as excavated artefacts or illuminated manuscripts usually known by a name combining a previous or current owner, location, or place of discovery, followed by the type of object, should normally be treated as <a href="/wiki/Proper_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper name">proper names</a> for the object, and all words capitalized, but not italicized, as these are names not titles. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloisters_Cross" title="Cloisters Cross">Cloisters Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Gold_Hat" title="Berlin Gold Hat">Berlin Gold Hat</a>. If in doubt, the name used by the owning museum is persuasive, although the name used most commonly in recent scholarly references is the ultimate criterion; there are odd variations – both <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Gold_Hat" title="Berlin Gold Hat">Berlin Gold Hat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mold_gold_cape" title="Mold gold cape">Mold gold cape</a> seem the best established capitalizations.</li> <li>Set up redirects for variant titles, such as the original-language title for modern works or variant translations. Often a redirect with or without an initial "The" is likely to be useful.</li> <li>The use of "the" is complicated. Works where "the" begins a specific and non-generic title purely describing the subject do include this in the article title. However common subjects, especially religious ones, do not include "the" in the title, even when the episode is often or normally referred to preceded by "the", as in "the Crucifixion", the "Dormition of the Virgin", and so on. Works whose usual title includes the name of a former owner or a location do not include "the" in the article title. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Virgin_(El_Greco)" title="Dormition of the Virgin (El Greco)"><i>Dormition of the Virgin</i> (El Greco)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden_(Bellini)" title="Agony in the Garden (Bellini)"><i>Agony in the Garden</i> (Bellini)</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Benois_Madonna" title="Benois Madonna">Benois Madonna</a></i> (former owner), <i><a href="/wiki/Ghent_Altarpiece" title="Ghent Altarpiece">Ghent Altarpiece</a></i> (location), but <i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_Venus" title="The Birth of Venus">The Birth of Venus</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_Tempest_(Giorgione)" title="The Tempest (Giorgione)"><i>The Tempest</i> (Giorgione)</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Persistence_of_Memory" title="The Persistence of Memory">The Persistence of Memory</a></i>.</li> <li>For portrait sculptures of individuals in public places the forms "Statue of Fred Foo", "Equestrian statue of Fred Foo" or "Bust of Fred Foo" are recommended, unless a form such as "Fred Foo Memorial" or "Monument to Fred Foo" is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMONNAME" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COMMONNAME">WP:COMMONNAME</a>. If further disambiguation is needed, because there is more than one sculpture of the same person with an article, then disambiguation by location rather than the sculptor is usually better. This may be done as either "Statue of Fred Foo (Chicago)" (typically preferred for North America) or "Statue of Fred Foo, Glasgow" (typically preferred elsewhere). If the sculpture has a distinct common name, like the <i><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Horseman" title="Bronze Horseman">Bronze Horseman</a></i>, that should be used. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(Houston)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (Houston)">Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (Houston)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Sydney" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Sydney">Statue of Queen Victoria, Sydney</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Jefferson Davis Monument">Jefferson Davis Monument</a>; <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Christian_V" title="Equestrian statue of Christian V">Equestrian statue of Christian V</a>.</li> <li>For portraits in two-dimensional media, the styles "<i>Portrait of Fred Foo</i>" or "<i>Fred Foo</i> (Titian)" are both acceptable in article titles; disambiguation by the artist is usually best. Do not use the sitter's name alone, without disambiguation, as the article title for a portrait of that person. Titles such as "<i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_a_Man" class="mw-disambig" title="Portrait of a Man">Portrait of a Man</a></i>" are all right to use, but probably need disambiguation. The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMONNAME" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COMMONNAME">WP:COMMONNAME</a> should be used for modern works where the title is given by the artist, and others such as the <a href="/wiki/Arnolfini_Portrait" title="Arnolfini Portrait">Arnolfini Portrait</a>.</li> <li>For artworks representing saints, use the form "Saint" (or "Saints" in the plural) spelled out in full, rather than abbreviated forms such as "St." or "St". However, "St." or "St" can be considered if a significant majority of sources use the abbreviation in question for the title of a particular work, or if it can be proved that the artist did so for that work's title.</li> <li>Many works have names by which they were well-known, but which are now falling out of use, as the museums which now own most tend not to use the former name. The <i><a href="/wiki/Rokeby_Venus" title="Rokeby Venus">Rokeby Venus</a></i> is still sufficiently well known by that name to justify using it for the title, even though the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a> in London uses the title <i>The Toilet of Venus ("The Rokeby Venus")</i>. But in the same museum, a work formerly known as the Burlington House Cartoon is now called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_and_Child_with_Saint_Anne_and_Saint_John_the_Baptist" title="The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and Saint John the Baptist">The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and Saint John the Baptist</a></i>. The institution's preferred name for the work is now more familiar than the older one, and is therefore used as the article title. In cases such as this the older title should be set up as a redirect and mentioned as a variant, but not used for the article title.</li> <li>Non-English language titles are generally only to be used if they are used by most art historians or critics writing in English – e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Las_Meninas" title="Las Meninas">Las Meninas</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i>. In that case they should be used in the form used by most art historians writing in English, regardless of whether this is actually correct by the standards of the other language. It is not necessary to give the original-language version of titles of standard religious scenes or portraits, but for other titles this may be desirable, for example:</li></ul> <blockquote><p><i><b><a href="/wiki/The_Third_of_May_1808" title="The Third of May 1808">The Third of May 1808</a></b></i> (in Spanish <i>El tres de mayo de 1808 en Madrid; Los fusilamientos de la montaña del Príncipe Pío</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>Los fusilamientos del tres de mayo</i>) is a painting completed in 1814 by the Spanish master <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></p><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRettbergKronmanSolbergGunderson2022" class="citation journal cs1">Rettberg, Jill Walker; Kronman, Linda; Solberg, Ragnhild; Gunderson, Marianne; Bjørklund, Stein Magne; Stokkedal, Linn Heidi; Jacob, Kurdin; de Seta, Gabriele; Markham, Annette (2022-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340922005212">"Representations of machine vision technologies in artworks, games and narratives: A dataset"</a>. <i>Data in Brief</i>. <b>42</b>: 108319. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.dib.2022.108319">10.1016/j.dib.2022.108319</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2352-3409">2352-3409</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9344297">9344297</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35928587">35928587</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Data+in+Brief&rft.atitle=Representations+of+machine+vision+technologies+in+artworks%2C+games+and+narratives%3A+A+dataset&rft.volume=42&rft.pages=108319&rft.date=2022-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9344297%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2352-3409&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35928587&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.dib.2022.108319&rft.aulast=Rettberg&rft.aufirst=Jill+Walker&rft.au=Kronman%2C+Linda&rft.au=Solberg%2C+Ragnhild&rft.au=Gunderson%2C+Marianne&rft.au=Bj%C3%B8rklund%2C+Stein+Magne&rft.au=Stokkedal%2C+Linn+Heidi&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Kurdin&rft.au=de+Seta%2C+Gabriele&rft.au=Markham%2C+Annette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS2352340922005212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FVisual+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prado, p. 141: "The third of May 1808 in Madrid; the shootings on Prince Pio hill".</span> </li> </ol></div></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manuscripts" data-mw-thread-id="h-Manuscripts-Article_titles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Manuscripts-Article_titles"></span>Manuscripts<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Manuscripts-Article_titles"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Manuscripts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>These are covered at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(manuscripts)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (manuscripts)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (manuscripts)</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exhibitions" data-mw-thread-id="h-Exhibitions-Article_titles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Exhibitions-Article_titles"></span>Exhibitions<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Exhibitions-Article_titles"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Exhibitions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Long lists of exhibitions should be avoided. It will rarely be useful to mention more than five exhibitions. For contemporary and modern artists the venue of exhibitions can be important evidence of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">notability</a>, but only the most important should be given. </p><p>For historic artists, or types of art, that are not extremely famous (so not Rembrandt), it may be worth listing dedicated exhibitions in major museums going back as much as say forty years, as these can be crucial to the reputation of the artist or topic, and scholarship on them. In such cases, when a major exhibition is actually running, it can be appropriate to add a sentence saying so to the end of the lead; but it should be moved down to near the end of the article when the exhibition closes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Describing_works" data-mw-thread-id="h-Describing_works-Text_issues"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Describing_works-Text_issues"></span>Describing works<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Describing_works-Text_issues"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Describing works" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Museums_and_collections" data-mw-thread-id="h-Museums_and_collections-Describing_works"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Museums_and_collections-Describing_works"></span>Museums and collections<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Museums_and_collections-Describing_works"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Museums and collections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>It can be helpful to add the owner of works to texts or captions of works referred to, but is not necessary, except for articles about the specific work. If the owner is not included in the information in the picture file, and is known, it should be added there. </p><p>For works belonging to permanent public collections, <b>avoid</b> "... currently resides in", "is currently in the Louvre", "is on display at", "is located in", "is in the collection of", and similar phrases. Just give the name of the collection, "Metropolitan Museum", or say "is in the Louvre", "is owned by", "now in" or "belongs to". Locating in a "private collection" is fine but any specific private ownership needs a recent reference (in particular do not trust old sources like the 1911 <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, sometimes referred to as "1911 EB"). Once acquired by museums, most works remain there, but are not necessarily on display at any particular moment. "Currently" is fine if the work is known to be likely to move for some reason, such as belonging to another institution, although we do not need to reflect loans to exhibitions etc. Use "in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection" title="Royal Collection">Royal Collection</a>" rather than "at <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a>" or another location, as that is the appropriate link and works in the Royal Collection are often moved around. For example, many works that were at <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a> for decades were moved to Windsor a few years ago, while their next home was being decided on. The French and Spanish national collections also often move works around, to locations other than the main <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> or <a href="/wiki/Prado" class="mw-redirect" title="Prado">Prado</a>. </p><p>Note on <b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> collections</b>: The <a href="/wiki/Staatliche_Museen_zu_Berlin" title="Staatliche Museen zu Berlin">Staatliche Museen zu Berlin</a> (Berlin State Museums), often just "Staatliche Museen" or "SMB" on their logo, is not a location but the legal and administrative body that administers at least seventeen museums in Berlin, listed at that article. During the division of the city the Western body was known as the "<a href="/wiki/Prussian_Cultural_Heritage_Foundation" title="Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation">Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation</a>" (German: Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz), which still sits above the Staatliche Museen as a parent body. These names are often credited as the owner or copyright holder for objects or pictures in art books. Now that the post-unification rearrangement of the Berlin museums is effectively complete, where a specific museum for an object is known, that should be used. So <a href="/wiki/Old_master" class="mw-redirect" title="Old master">old master</a> paintings are normally in the <a href="/wiki/Gem%C3%A4ldegalerie,_Berlin" title="Gemäldegalerie, Berlin">Gemäldegalerie, Berlin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nefertiti_Bust" title="Nefertiti Bust">Nefertiti Bust</a> is in the <a href="/wiki/Neues_Museum" title="Neues Museum">Neues Museum</a>, and so on. But where a location is not known, the object should be described as owned by or held by the Staatliche Museen. Western <a href="/wiki/Antiquities" title="Antiquities">antiquities</a> can also be described as belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Antikensammlung_Berlin" title="Antikensammlung Berlin">Antikensammlung Berlin</a> ("Berlin Antiquities Collection"), a traditional umbrella term for this collection, now divided between several institutions. </p><p>See <a href="/wiki/Netherlandish" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlandish">Netherlandish</a> for the distinction between this and "Dutch" or "Flemish" in art. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Dates-Describing_works"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Dates-Describing_works"></span>Dates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Dates-Describing_works"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Dates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><b>Avoid</b> "an 1876 painting", <b>use</b> a "painting of 1876" or "his nude <i>Jimbo Wales</i> (1876)" etc.; "from 1876" is best avoided, except in a discussion of a chronological development of style or similar passage. This partly a matter of US/UK style: "an 1876 painting" is more acceptable in American English, but will rarely be found in American academic writing. For a painting that was completed over more than one year, either the range of years, or the year of completion should normally be given, or "completed in 1512", "commissioned in 1623", "begun in 1845" etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Measurements" data-mw-thread-id="h-Measurements-Describing_works"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Measurements-Describing_works"></span>Measurements<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Measurements-Describing_works"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Measurements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Measurements should always be given for a work that is the article subject, but are not usually needed in captions (see that section), unless there is a particular point being made, or the size of the object might be thought to be radically different from the real size. Always give measurements in the order: height, width, & depth/diameter etc. if appropriate. Centimetres (very rarely millimetres) are now standard in academic art history, even in the US (though not always in museum captions), but ideally convert by template, as the MOS requires. Measurements are normally at the maximal place, but sometimes an explanation of where the measurement was taken is given in the source, which may need to be repeated in the article. Very full measurements of a painting may give the "visible area" of the framed work, the "painted area", often not exactly rectangular, and the measurements to the edge of the stretcher frame underneath a canvas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medium" data-mw-thread-id="h-Medium-Describing_works"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Medium-Describing_works"></span>Medium<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Medium-Describing_works"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Medium" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><b>Avoid</b> "an oil-on-canvas painting" – it is "an <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">oil painting</a> on <a href="/wiki/Canvas" title="Canvas">canvas</a>" (unless it is actually a <a href="/wiki/Panel_painting" title="Panel painting">panel painting</a>, etc.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Right_and_left" data-mw-thread-id="h-Right_and_left-Describing_works"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Right_and_left-Describing_works"></span>Right and left<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Right_and_left-Describing_works"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Right and left" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>See <a href="/wiki/Proper_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper right">proper right</a> for ways of unambiguously describing right and left in images. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prints" data-mw-thread-id="h-Prints-Describing_works"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Prints-Describing_works"></span>Prints<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Prints-Describing_works"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Prints" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><b>Avoid</b> "copper engraving" etc. (often found in pre-1900 material, or that half-translated from German and other languages where the term remains current) – just use <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a>. Older sources (such as the 1911 EB) may use "<a href="/wiki/Wood-engraving" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood-engraving">wood-engraving</a>" as a term for <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcuts</a> (rather than true <a href="/wiki/Wood_engraving" title="Wood engraving">wood engravings</a>, only invented in the late 18th century), which is not acceptable now. Original prints, or reproductive ones of before about 1800 could be linked to <a href="/wiki/Old_master_print" title="Old master print">old master print</a> or <a href="/wiki/Popular_print" title="Popular print">popular print</a> (the latter not date-limited), if the technique, such as <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linocut" title="Linocut">linocut</a> etc. is not known. Descriptions of print techniques on Commons descriptions should be treated with great caution; many if not most are inaccurate. "Engraving" is often treated as a generic term for all prints, which is to be avoided. See <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">printmaking</a> for a summary of the techniques, but just use "print" if the actual technique is unknown. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Using_images_of_art" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_images_of_art"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_images_of_art"></span>Using images of art<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_images_of_art"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Using images of art" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>If an image shows only part of a work, especially a painting or other 2D work, the caption should specify it is a "detail". Reversed images should very rarely be used, for example to make a particular point, and they should be very clearly captioned as reversed. </p><p>Images of buildings illuminated at night are often pretty, but almost always very poor at showing the building. They should be used very sparingly, and never as the lead picture where there is an alternative. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_formatting_and_size" data-mw-thread-id="h-Basic_formatting_and_size-Using_images_of_art"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Basic_formatting_and_size-Using_images_of_art"></span>Basic formatting and size<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Basic_formatting_and_size-Using_images_of_art"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Basic formatting and size" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The basic formatting code for an image is: </p> <dl><dd>[[File:Name of image.jpg|thumb|Name of artist. Name of artwork.]]</dd></dl> <p>"Thumb" has four effects: </p> <ol><li>It allows the caption to display</li> <li>Default position is on the right of the page (specifying "right" is therefore redundant)</li> <li>Default size is 220 pixels wide</li> <li>If registered users have changed the thumb size in their preference settings (anything up to 400 pixels wide) then the image will appear for them at their selected size.</li></ol> <p>Most images will be left at this default size and not have a "forced" image size. Specifying "225px", for example, means all users are forced to see the image at that size, as it over-rides their preference setting. Another reason for not forcing large image sizes, is that the result can be ugly on some, particularly low res, screen settings. It is therefore a sound practice to look at a page on different screen settings. </p><p>There are exceptions to this, when an image size is specified. This might be because there is a lot of detail, or because it is the lead image on the page. In such cases, 300px is a good size to consider, as anything less will have the reverse effect to enlargement for users who have their preference setting at the maximum 400 px. </p><p>There are some other options which can be put into the basic image coding: </p> <dl><dd>[[File:Name of image.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Name of artist. Name of artwork.]]</dd></dl> <p>"Left" positions the image on the left of the page. The default sets the width at 220 pixels, which is fine for "landscape" images which are wider than they are tall. Where the reverse is the case, "upright" may be used to compensate for this. Even so, some very narrow images need a forced smaller size. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image_captions" data-mw-thread-id="h-Image_captions-Using_images_of_art"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Image_captions-Using_images_of_art"></span>Image captions<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Image_captions-Using_images_of_art"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Image captions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The minimum information to be included is: </p> <ul><li>Artist name – <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikilink" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wikilink">linked</a> for at least their first caption, except where the article is a biography. The name should not be in <b>bold</b> text.</li> <li><i>Title of work in italics,</i> – wikilinked if there is an article on the work. This may not apply to older works where there is no original title, and the subject is obvious, such as in a <a href="/wiki/Still-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Still-life">still-life</a>. Include the title of the work in English whenever possible; adding the original language is unnecessary unless there is no English translation available.</li></ul> <p>Optional additional information: </p> <ul><li>Date of work—usually date completed if it took more than one year,</li> <li>Medium and support, especially if not oil on canvas,</li> <li>Size—particularly helpful for unusually large or small works. There is not usually room to do this in both inches and centimetres, as the MoS prefers. Always put height before width.</li> <li>Collection or whereabouts (optional, as should be on image data), linked in most cases.</li></ul> <p>Note: some editors prefer "Title, Artist" to the other way round. This should be consistent within an article. A <i>short</i> explanatory caption is often desirable, showing why the picture has been included, if necessary at the expense of some of the more technical information. Bear in mind image size preferences when writing long captions – a long caption may look good at 300px, but not at 180px. If any of the above is known, but is not included in the image file details, then it should be added there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Placing" data-mw-thread-id="h-Placing-Using_images_of_art"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Placing-Using_images_of_art"></span>Placing<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Placing-Using_images_of_art"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Placing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In general, portraits and other strongly directional works should face into the page. Remember the issues described in the "size" section above when placing images; at some settings images may either create large white spaces or overlap at left and right, leaving a narrow strip of text in the centre. </p><p>It will often be better to place a work by the artist at the top of a biography; this is especially the case for imaginary portraits of early artists, or photographs of more recent ones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Available_templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Available_templates-Using_images_of_art"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Available_templates-Using_images_of_art"></span>Available templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Available_templates-Using_images_of_art"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Available templates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Artwork">Artwork</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Infobox Painting">Infobox Painting</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Sculpture" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Sculpture">Sculpture</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_Artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Infobox Artist">Infobox Artist</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Image_information_art" title="Template:Image information art">Image information art</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> – for image pages</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Too_many_pictures,_too_little_text?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Too_many_pictures,_too_little_text?-Using_images_of_art"><span id="Too_many_pictures.2C_too_little_text.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Too_many_pictures,_too_little_text?-Using_images_of_art"></span>Too many pictures, too little text?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Too_many_pictures,_too_little_text?-Using_images_of_art"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Too many pictures, too little text?" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Solutions: </p> <dl><dd>a) Write some more text.</dd> <dd>b) Use a gallery</dd> <dd>c) Link to specific works, either by a piped link in the text, or from a footnote. This is especially useful as the links can go to Commons or the web in general, although generally web links should be in the notes.</dd></dl> <p>Try to avoid just stringing images down the side opposite white space (although some white space may occasionally be necessary at the end of a short article, depending on screen size and file settings). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Galleries" data-mw-thread-id="h-Galleries-Using_images_of_art"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Galleries-Using_images_of_art"></span>Galleries<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Galleries-Using_images_of_art"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Galleries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Galleries are often necessary within the body of a VA article. These galleries should relate clearly to the text, be proportionate to it and provide adequate information in the captions. Galleries are important, not just for decoration, but to reinforce and amplify the meaning of the article and to demonstrate meaning and nuance, which cannot be made by words alone. </p><p>A Wikipedia article gallery should not just replicate a Commons gallery, but should use images with editorial judgement, as would be given to text, with the validity of inclusion of each image considered. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IG" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IG">WP:IG</a> for the policy from the Wikipedia Manual of Style. </p><p>A particular image may be better used as a stand-alone one in the body of the text, if: </p> <ul><li>It is an outstanding example of work</li> <li>It is specifically referred to in the text</li> <li>It demonstrates an aspect (e.g. a particular period or style feature) referred to in the text: make this clear in the image caption.</li></ul> <p>Small galleries can be inserted in the body of the text: this is useful for general topics, such as <a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">Western painting</a>. In a single artist biography, it may be more appropriate to include one gallery at the end of the article, such as in <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a>. <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a> has two galleries within the text, one for earlier and one for later works. <a href="/wiki/Self-portrait" title="Self-portrait">Self-portrait</a> has both section galleries and a general gallery at the end. Mostly a gallery will be arranged chronologically. </p><p>There are options in formatting galleries which make them appear wider, or alter the number of images in a row, but these can cause visibility problems with different screen resolutions and should normally be avoided. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Help:Gallery tag</a>. </p><p>In a Rfc on the use of "packed" format galleries in an art article (<a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Paul Signac</a>), <a href="/wiki/Talk:Paul_Signac#Use_of_packed_gallery" title="Talk:Paul Signac">the consensus was against their use</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image_rationales" data-mw-thread-id="h-Image_rationales-Using_images_of_art"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Image_rationales-Using_images_of_art"></span>Image rationales<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Image_rationales-Using_images_of_art"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Image rationales" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Rationales should be added to the file for all Fair Use images used, detailing the reasons why the image is needed for each article in which it appears. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uploading" data-mw-thread-id="h-Uploading-Using_images_of_art"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Uploading-Using_images_of_art"></span>Uploading<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Uploading-Using_images_of_art"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Uploading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Where possible upload to Commons, and remember to categorize as thoroughly as possible (not always easy there – look at comparable images and see what categories they are in). Images available for Fair Use only cannot be uploaded there however, which affects many 20th century images, and those of three-dimensional objects. </p> <ul><li>Before you upload an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">image</a> of art, know the following: <ul><li>The source of the image. Usually the URL from which you downloaded it.</li> <li>Who is the artist(s)?</li> <li>The name of the piece?</li> <li>When was the piece completed?</li> <li>What are its dimensions?</li> <li>What is the medium (oil and canvas/marble/mixed media ...)?</li> <li>Where is it displayed?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Copyright</a> status – Is it copyrighted? By whom? If it is copyrighted and not by yourself, prepare a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fair_use" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Fair use">fair use</a> statement.</li></ul></li> <li>Upload the image. <ul><li>Include all of the above information when uploading or add it to the <a href="/wiki/Help:Image_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Image page">image page</a> after you've uploaded the file.</li> <li>Using the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Image_information_art" title="Template:Image information art">Image information art</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template for the above information formats the data easily.</li></ul></li> <li>Add the image to an article. <ul><li>Use regular wiki markup. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a> for syntax rules. Use the thumbnail parameter and write a caption that includes information about the work.</li> <li>Guidelines on what to include and how to format it, just one external example, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.collegeart.org/caa/publications/AB/ABStyleGuide.html">http://www.collegeart.org/caa/publications/AB/ABStyleGuide.html</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>Add <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonscat" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Commonscat">commonscat</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, or <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Commons" title="Template:Commons">commons</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> in the External links section to provide a link to the commons gallery or article.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image_resources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Image_resources-Using_images_of_art"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Image_resources-Using_images_of_art"></span>Image resources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Image_resources-Using_images_of_art"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Image resources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Commons – very large, rather chaotic, and with very many washed-out old scans (from out-of-copyright books). Everything on Commons can be used without further worries.</li> <li>Google Images – can be very good, especially for portraits etc.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Sources"></span>Sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Sources"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_are_essential" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_are_essential-Sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_are_essential-Sources"></span>References are essential<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_are_essential-Sources"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References are essential" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Many articles, particularly on contemporary artists, groups and "movements", are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AFD" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AFD">deleted</a> for failing to demonstrate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">notability</a> by providing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VERIFY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VERIFY">viable references</a> from secondary sources, <i>independent of the subject</i>—i.e. not just the subject's own website or postings on other web sites. There is a guide to Wikipedia format at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Referencing_for_beginners" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Referencing for beginners">Referencing for beginners</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Useful_external_resources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Useful_external_resources-Sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Useful_external_resources-Sources"></span>Useful external resources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Useful_external_resources-Sources"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Useful external resources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Unfortunately, 19th century books available online are likely to be out of date and often contain serious errors, and thus should generally be avoided. </p> <ul><li>There are over 1,500 books published by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in New York City, which are fully available as PDFs online (though the copyrights are still reserved). They can be found at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/search/collection/p15324coll10">this page</a></li> <li>United Kingdom residents can get online access to <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Art_Online" title="Oxford Art Online">Oxford Art Online</a> (The Grove Dictionary of Art) through their local library. Contact <a href="/wiki/User_talk:Johnbod" title="User talk:Johnbod">here</a> if there are difficulties. Many US libraries also have online access for library card holders.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/ulan/">ULAN</a> Getty Foundation, formerly "Union List of Artist's Names" – Lists names, including variants, dates and family relationships to other artists. The "preferred" name should generally be used.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bridgeman.co.uk/search/quick_search.asp">The Bridgeman Art Library Image Search</a> – useful for finding the current location of art works and details about them (museum, size, date created, etc.), though Google images gives wider coverage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/aat/">Getty AAT</a> "The Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) is a structured vocabulary of around 34,000 concepts, including 131,000 terms, descriptions, bibliographic citations, and other information relating to fine art, architecture, decorative arts, ..."</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/index.asp">Cameo database</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a> – highly specialized database on pigments and materials</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artcyclopedia.com/">artcyclopedia.org</a> – search to locate resources about an artist</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artlex.com/"><i>ArtLex</i> art dictionary</a> – definitions of terms</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artuk.org/">Art UK</a> – project by <a href="/wiki/Art_UK" title="Art UK">Art UK</a> to put all art in the UK public collections online (formerly displayed as "Your Paintings" on the BBC website; organization previously known as the <a href="/wiki/Public_Catalogue_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Catalogue Foundation">Public Catalogue Foundation</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_resources_for_writing_about_art" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_resources_for_writing_about_art-Sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_resources_for_writing_about_art-Sources"></span>External resources for writing about art<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_resources_for_writing_about_art-Sources"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External resources for writing about art" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/arthistory/paperpg/index.html">http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/arthistory/paperpg/index.html</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.collegeart.org/caa/publications/AB/ABStyleGuide.html">http://www.collegeart.org/caa/publications/AB/ABStyleGuide.html</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artedit.org/">Association of Art Editors</a> site hosts a freely accessible art writing style guide</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Example_image_and_caption" data-mw-thread-id="h-Example_image_and_caption-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Example_image_and_caption-Notes"></span>Example image and caption<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Example_image_and_caption-Notes"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Example image and caption" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><b>Enter:</b> </p> <pre>[[File:La familia de Carlos IV, Francisco de Goya.jpg|thumb|[[Francisco Goya]], ''Charles IV of Spain and His Family''. 1800–1801. 280 × 336 cm. Oil on canvas. [[Museo del Prado]], [[Madrid]].]]</pre> <p><b>Result:</b> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_familia_de_Carlos_IV,_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg/220px-La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="2490"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg/220px-La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg/330px-La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg/440px-La_familia_de_Carlos_IV%2C_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a>, <i>Charles IV of Spain and His Family</i>. 1800–1801. 280 × 336 cm. Oil on canvas. <a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Prado" title="Museo del Prado">Museo del Prado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><br style="clear:both"> </p>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&oldid=1255357846">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&oldid=1255357846</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> 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