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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraun_efirl%C9%99ri" title="Kraun efirləri — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kraun efirləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD-%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Краўн-эфіры — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Краўн-эфіры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88ter_corona" title="Èter corona — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Èter corona" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronenether" title="Kronenether — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kronenether" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_ether" title="Crown ether — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Crown ether" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ter_de_corona" title="Éter de corona — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Éter de corona" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krooneetrid" title="Krooneetrid — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Krooneetrid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="اتر تاجی — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتر تاجی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruunueetterit" title="Kruunueetterit — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kruunueetterit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ther_couronne" title="Éther couronne — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Éther couronne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%A8" title="אתר כתר — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אתר כתר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korona%C3%A9ter" title="Koronaéter — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koronaéter" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eter_mahkota" title="Eter mahkota — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eter mahkota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eteri_corona" title="Eteri corona — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eteri corona" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%83%AB" title="クラウンエーテル — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クラウンエーテル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B4_%EC%97%90%ED%84%B0" title="크라운 에터 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크라운 에터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroonether" title="Kroonether — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kroonether" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etery_koronowe" title="Etery koronowe — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Etery koronowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eter_coroan%C4%83" title="Eter coroană — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Eter coroană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD-%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Краун-эфиры — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Краун-эфиры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%A7_eter" title="Taç eter — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taç eter" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD-%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Краун-етери — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Краун-етери" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraun_efirlari" title="Kraun efirlari — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kraun efirlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E9%86%9A" title="冠醚 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冠醚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q410125#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ter_coroa" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:%C3%89ter_coroa" 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livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:18-crown-6-potassium-3D-balls-A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/18-crown-6-potassium-3D-balls-A.png/200px-18-crown-6-potassium-3D-balls-A.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/18-crown-6-potassium-3D-balls-A.png/300px-18-crown-6-potassium-3D-balls-A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/18-crown-6-potassium-3D-balls-A.png/400px-18-crown-6-potassium-3D-balls-A.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1096" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/18-Coroa-6" title="18-Coroa-6">18-Coroa-6</a> coordenando um íon potássio</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Éter coroa</b> é um composto químico cíclico constituído por um anel e vários grupos <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ter" title="Éter">éter</a>. Os éteres coroa mais comuns são os oligômeros do óxido de etileno, sendo etilenoxi a unidade repetida -CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>O-. Importantes membros dessa série são os tetrâmeros (n=4), pentâmeros (n=5) e o hexâmeros (n=6). O termo coroa se refere à semelhança entre o anel do éter coroa se ligando a um cátion e a uma coroa sobre uma cabeça. </p><p>O primeiro número do nome de um éter coroa se refere ao número de átomos no heterociclo, e o segundo se refere ao número de átomos de <a href="/wiki/Oxig%C3%AAnio" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxigênio">oxigênio</a>. </p><p>Éteres coroa se ligam fortemente a certos cátions, formando complexos. Os átomos de oxigênio estão bem situados para se coordenarem com o cátion no meio do anel, enquanto que o exterior do anel é hidrofóbico. Os cátions resultantes frequentemente formam sais que são solúveis em solventes não polares, por isso éteres coroa são úteis em <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A1lise_de_transfer%C3%AAncia_de_fase" title="Catálise de transferência de fase">catálise de transferência de fase</a>. A seletividade do éter-coroa para um determinado cátion deriva da complementaridade de tamanho da cavidade com o diâmetro do cátion. Por exemplo, 18-coroa-6 tem alta afinidade para cátions K<sup>+</sup>, 15-coroa-5 tem afinidade com cátions Na<sup>+</sup>, 12-coroa-4 tem afinidade para cátions Li<sup>+</sup>. A alta afinidade por K<sup>+</sup> do 18-coroa-6 contribui para sua toxidade. </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Various_crown_ethers_(molecular_diagrams).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Various_crown_ethers_%28molecular_diagrams%29.png/700px-Various_crown_ethers_%28molecular_diagrams%29.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Various_crown_ethers_%28molecular_diagrams%29.png/1050px-Various_crown_ethers_%28molecular_diagrams%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Various_crown_ethers_%28molecular_diagrams%29.png/1400px-Various_crown_ethers_%28molecular_diagrams%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1909" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>Estrutura de éteres coroa comuns: <a href="/w/index.php?title=12-Coroa-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12-Coroa-4 (página não existe)">12-Coroa-4</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=15-Coroa-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15-Coroa-5 (página não existe)">15-Coroa-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/18-Coroa-6" title="18-Coroa-6">18-Coroa-6</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibenzo-18-coroa-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibenzo-18-coroa-6 (página não existe)">Dibenzo-18-coroa-6</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaza-18-coroa-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diaza-18-coroa-6 (página não existe)">Diaza-18-coroa-6</a></figcaption></figure></dd></dl></dd></dl> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Éteres_coroa_na_natureza"><span id=".C3.89teres_coroa_na_natureza"></span>Éteres coroa na natureza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ter_coroa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Éteres coroa na natureza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ter_coroa&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Éteres coroa na natureza"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Éteres coroa não são os únicos ligantes macrocíclicos que tem afinidade por íons potássio. <a href="/wiki/Ion%C3%B3foro" title="Ionóforo">Ionóforos</a> como valinomicina também mostram uma afinidade maior ao cátion potássio do que a outros cátions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História_dos_éteres_coroa_sintéticos"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria_dos_.C3.A9teres_coroa_sint.C3.A9ticos"></span>História dos éteres coroa sintéticos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ter_coroa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: História dos éteres coroa sintéticos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ter_coroa&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: História dos éteres coroa sintéticos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Em 1967, <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a>, um químico que trabalhava para a <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a>, descobriu um método simples de sintetizar éteres coroa quando estava tentando sintetizar um agente complexante para cátions divalentes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Sua estratégia consistiu em ligar dois grupos <a href="/wiki/Catecol" title="Catecol">catecolato</a> através de uma hidroxila de cada molécula. Essa vinculação define um ligante polidentado que poderia envolver parcialmente o cátion, e por ionização das hidroxilas fenólicas, neutralizar o dicátion preso. Pedersen ficou surpreso em isolar um subproduto que ficou fortemente complexado a cátions de potássio. Citando um trabalho mais recente sobre a dissolução de potássio em 16-coroa-4,<sup id="cite_ref-stewart_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stewart-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-down_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-down-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> ele percebeu que poliéteres cíclicos representavam uma nova classe de agentes complexantes que podiam se ligar a cátions de <a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">metais alcalinos</a>. Pedersen então começou a reportar uma serie de estudos sistemáticos sobre a síntese, e propriedades de complexação de éteres coroa. Pedersen popularizou os éteres de coroa dibenzo.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pedersen dividiu o prêmio Nobel de química de 1987 com <a href="/wiki/Donald_James_Cram" title="Donald James Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Marie_Lehn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Marie Lehn (página não existe)">Jean Marie Lehn</a> pela descoberta e uso de moléculas de estrutura especifica de alta seletividade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afinidade_por_cátions"><span id="Afinidade_por_c.C3.A1tions"></span>Afinidade por cátions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ter_coroa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Afinidade por cátions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ter_coroa&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Afinidade por cátions"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Além de sua alta afinidade por cátions K<sup>+</sup>, 18-coroa-6 pode também se complexar com aminas protonadas, esses complexos são estáveis tanto em solução quanto em fase de gás. Alguns aminoácidos como a <a href="/wiki/Lisina" title="Lisina">lisina</a> possuem amina primária em sua cadeia lateral. Esses grupos aminos protonados podem se ligar na cavidade do 18-coroa-6 e formar complexos estáveis na fase de gás. São formadas ligações de hidrogênio entre os três átomos de hidrogênio da amina terciária e três átomos de oxigênio da 18-coroa-6. As ligações de hidrogênio fazem deste composto um aduto estável. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coroas-aza">Coroas-aza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ter_coroa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Coroas-aza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ter_coroa&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Coroas-aza"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Derivados de éteres Coroas diaza de 18 e 21 membros exibem excelente seletividade para com <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1lcio" title="Cálcio">cálcio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sio" title="Magnésio">magnésio</a> e são amplamente usados em eletrodos íons-seletivos.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Uma parte ou todos os oxigênios do éter coroa podem ser substituídos para formar <a href="/wiki/Criptandos" title="Criptandos">criptandos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pedersen, Charles J. (1 de dezembro de 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01002a035">«Cyclic polyethers and their complexes with metal salts»</a>. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. <b>89</b> (26): 7017-7036. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7863">0002-7863</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fja01002a035">10.1021/ja01002a035</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89ter+coroa&rft.atitle=Cyclic+polyethers+and+their+complexes+with+metal+salts&rft.aufirst=Charles+J.&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.date=1967-12-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0002-7863&rft.issue=26&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.pages=7017-7036&rft.volume=89&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1021%2Fja01002a035&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja01002a035&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pedersen, Charles J. (1 de maio de 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00986a052">«Cyclic polyethers and their complexes with metal salts»</a>. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. <b>89</b> (10): 2495-2496. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7863">0002-7863</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fja00986a052">10.1021/ja00986a052</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89ter+coroa&rft.atitle=Cyclic+polyethers+and+their+complexes+with+metal+salts&rft.aufirst=Charles+J.&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.date=1967-05-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0002-7863&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.pages=2495-2496&rft.volume=89&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1021%2Fja00986a052&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja00986a052&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stewart-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-stewart_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. G. Stewart. D. Y. Waddan and E. T. Borrows, <span class="citation patent"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB785229">GB 785229</a></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=785229&rft.cc=GB&rft.title="><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> Oct. 23, <b>1957</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-down-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-down_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. L. Down, J. Lewis, B. Moore and G. W. Wilkinson, Proc. Chem. Soc., 1959, 209; J. Chem. Soc., <b>1959</b>, 3767.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Charles J. Pedersen (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=CV6P0395">«Macrocyclic Polyethers: Dibenzo-18-Crown-6 Polyether and Dicyclohexyl-18-Crown-6 Polyether»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Organic_Syntheses" title="Organic Syntheses">Org. Synth.</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89ter+coroa&rft.atitle=Macrocyclic+Polyethers%3A+Dibenzo-18-Crown-6+Polyether+and+Dicyclohexyl-18-Crown-6+Polyether&rft.au=Charles+J.+Pedersen&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Org.+Synth.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orgsyn.org%2Forgsyn%2Forgsyn%2FprepContent.asp%3Fprep%3DCV6P0395&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <cite class="citation"><i>Coll. Vol.</i>, <b>6</b></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89ter+coroa&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coll.+Vol.&rft.volume=6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">K. Suzuki, K. Watanabe, Y. Matsumoto, M. Kobayashi, S. Sato, D. Siswanta, H. Hisamoto (1995). «Design and Synthesis of Calcium and Magnesium Ionophores Based on Double-Armed Diazacrown Ether Compounds and Their Application to an Ion Sensing Component for an Ion-Selective Electrode». <i>Anal. Chem</i>. <b>67</b> (2): 324–334. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fac00098a016">10.1021/ac00098a016</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89ter+coroa&rft.atitle=Design+and+Synthesis+of+Calcium+and+Magnesium+Ionophores+Based+on+Double-Armed+Diazacrown+Ether+Compounds+and+Their+Application+to+an+Ion+Sensing+Component+for+an+Ion-Selective+Electrode&rft.au=K.+Suzuki%2C+K.+Watanabe%2C+Y.+Matsumoto%2C+M.+Kobayashi%2C+S.+Sato%2C+D.+Siswanta%2C+H.+Hisamoto&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Anal.+Chem.&rft.pages=324-334&rft.volume=67&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fac00098a016&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vincent J. Gatto, Steven R. Miller, and George W. Gokel (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=CV8P0152">«4,13-Diaza-18-Crown-6»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Organic_Syntheses" title="Organic Syntheses">Org. Synth.</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89ter+coroa&rft.atitle=4%2C13-Diaza-18-Crown-6&rft.au=Vincent+J.+Gatto%2C+Steven+R.+Miller%2C+and+George+W.+Gokel&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Org.+Synth.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orgsyn.org%2Forgsyn%2Forgsyn%2FprepContent.asp%3Fprep%3DCV8P0152&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span>; <cite class="citation"><i>Coll. Vol.</i>, <b>8</b></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89ter+coroa&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coll.+Vol.&rft.volume=8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ter_coroa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ter_coroa&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1987/pedersen-lecture.pdf">«Charles Pedersen's Nobel Lecture»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89ter+coroa&rft.btitle=Charles+Pedersen%27s+Nobel+Lecture&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1987%2Fpedersen-lecture.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.org-chem.org/yuuki/crown/crown_en.html">«molecular crown»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89ter+coroa&rft.btitle=molecular+crown&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.org-chem.org%2Fyuuki%2Fcrown%2Fcrown_en.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Éter_coroa&oldid=58243887">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Éter_coroa&oldid=58243887</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Agentes_quelantes" title="Categoria:Agentes quelantes">Agentes quelantes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Qu%C3%ADmica_supramolecular" title="Categoria:Química supramolecular">Química supramolecular</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:%C3%89teres" title="Categoria:Éteres">Éteres</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoria oculta: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 11h54min de 12 de maio de 2020.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Este texto é disponibilizado nos termos da licença <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0) da Creative Commons</a>; pode estar sujeito a condições adicionais. 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