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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Substantive traditional titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Substantive_traditional_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monarchies_that_use_the_title_of_crown_prince" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monarchies_that_use_the_title_of_crown_prince"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Monarchies that use the title of crown prince</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monarchies_that_use_the_title_of_crown_prince-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_specific_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_specific_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other specific traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_specific_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Crown prince</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF" title="ولي عهد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ولي عهد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C9%99li%C9%99hd" title="Vəliəhd – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vəliəhd" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="যুবরাজ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যুবরাজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0i-ch%C3%BA" title="Thài-chú – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thài-chú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putra_mahkota" title="Putra mahkota – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Putra mahkota" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Кронпрынц – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кронпрынц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Кронпринц – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кронпринц" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Хун тайжа – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хун тайжа" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncep_hereu" title="Príncep hereu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Príncep hereu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korunn%C3%AD_princ" title="Korunní princ – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Korunní princ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronprins" title="Kronprins – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kronprins" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruvdnaprinsa" title="Ruvdnaprinsa – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruvdnaprinsa" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronprinz" title="Kronprinz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kronprinz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroonprints" title="Kroonprints – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kroonprints" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe_heredero" title="Príncipe heredero – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Príncipe heredero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronprinco" title="Kronprinco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kronprinco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF" title="ولیعهد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولیعهد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_h%C3%A9ritier" title="Prince héritier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prince héritier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroanprins" title="Kroanprins – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kroanprins" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%9E%90" title="태자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D6%81" title="Կրոնպրինց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կրոնպրինց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="युवराज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="युवराज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krunski_princ" title="Krunski princ – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krunski princ" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kron-princo" title="Kron-princo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kron-princo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putra_mahkota" title="Putra mahkota – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Putra mahkota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3nprins" title="Krónprins – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Krónprins" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principe_ereditario" title="Principe ereditario – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Principe ereditario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A9_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%A8" title="יורש עצר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יורש עצר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF" title="ولى عهد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ولى عهد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putera_mahkota" title="Putera mahkota – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Putera mahkota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%99%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အိမ်ရှေ့မင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိမ်ရှေ့မင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroonprins(es)" title="Kroonprins(es) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kroonprins(es)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90" title="皇太子 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="皇太子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronprins" title="Kronprins – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kronprins" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronprins" title="Kronprins – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kronprins" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valiahd" title="Valiahd – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Valiahd" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99_koronny" title="Książę koronny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Książę koronny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe_da_Coroa" title="Príncipe da Coroa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Príncipe da Coroa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prin%C8%9B_mo%C8%99tenitor" title="Prinț moștenitor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Prinț moștenitor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Кронпринц – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кронпринц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF" title="ولي عهد – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ولي عهد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86" title="شازادەی جێنشین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شازادەی جێنشین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krunski_princ" title="Krunski princ – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Krunski princ" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Кронпринц – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кронпринц" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%81" title="యువరాజు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యువరాజు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="มกุฎราชกุมาร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มกุฎราชกุมาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliaht" title="Veliaht – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Veliaht" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Кронпринц – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кронпринц" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%81%D8%AF" title="ولی عہد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولی عہد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Thái tử – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thái tử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Heir to the throne</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Crown princess" redirects here. For ships, see <a href="/wiki/Crown_Princess_(ship)" title="Crown Princess (ship)">Crown Princess (ship)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Kronprinz" redirects here. For the Imperial German Navy warships, see <a href="/wiki/SMS_Kronprinz" title="SMS Kronprinz">SMS Kronprinz</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Crown_prince" title="Special:EditPage/Crown prince">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Crown+prince%22">"Crown prince"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Crown+prince%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Crown+prince%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Crown+prince%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Crown+prince%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Crown+prince%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crowd_awaiting_Crown_Prince_Tokyo_Dec1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Crowd_awaiting_Crown_Prince_Tokyo_Dec1916.jpg/290px-Crowd_awaiting_Crown_Prince_Tokyo_Dec1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Crowd_awaiting_Crown_Prince_Tokyo_Dec1916.jpg/435px-Crowd_awaiting_Crown_Prince_Tokyo_Dec1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Crowd_awaiting_Crown_Prince_Tokyo_Dec1916.jpg/580px-Crowd_awaiting_Crown_Prince_Tokyo_Dec1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1527" data-file-height="892" /></a><figcaption>Throngs before the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Imperial_Palace" title="Tokyo Imperial Palace">Imperial Palace</a> in Japan awaiting the appearance of Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a> for the recent proclamation of his official recognition as the <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum_Throne" title="Chrysanthemum Throne">Japanese Imperial Throne</a> – <i>New York Times,</i> 1916.</figcaption></figure> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchy" title="Category:Monarchy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal, noble,<br />gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_(Gules_Mitre).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg/110px-Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg/165px-Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg/220px-Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor, Empress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_dowager" title="Empress dowager">dowager</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar, Tsarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_consort" class="mw-redirect" title="King consort">consort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_dowager" class="mw-redirect" title="King dowager">dowager</a></li></ul></li> <li>Queen <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">consort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_dowager" title="Queen dowager">dowager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">mother</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_king" title="Great king">Great king, Great queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_king" title="High king">High king, High queen</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_consort" title="Prince consort">consort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess" title="Princess">Princess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_consort" title="Princess consort">consort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">Archduke, Archduchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_duke" title="Grand duke">Grand duke, Grand duchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_prince" title="Grand prince">Grand prince, Grand princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Duke, Duchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knyaz" title="Knyaz">Knyaz, Knyaginya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrst" title="Fürst">Fürst, Fürstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heir" class="mw-redirect" title="Heir">Heir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">Heir apparent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">Heir presumptive</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Duke, Duchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzog" title="Herzog">Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarl" title="Jarl">Jarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Prince-elector, Princess-elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrst" title="Fürst">Fürst, Fürstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">Marquess, Marchioness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">Margrave, Margravine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcher_lord" title="Marcher lord">Marcher lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgrave" title="Landgrave">Landgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyar" title="Boyar">Boyar</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_palatine" title="Count palatine">Count palatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">Voivode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count, Countess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">Earl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormaer" title="Mormaer">Mormaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdorman" title="Ealdorman">Ealdorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">Viscount, Viscountess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castellan" title="Castellan">Castellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgrave" title="Burgrave">Burgrave, Burgravine</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidame" title="Vidame">Vidame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starosta" title="Starosta">Starosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron, Baroness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_paramount" title="Lord paramount">Lord paramount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overlord" title="Overlord">Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenant_in_chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenant in chief">Tenant in chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_lord" title="Territorial lord">Territorial lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liege_lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Liege lord">Liege lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesne_lord" title="Mesne lord">Mesne lord</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lendmann" title="Lendmann">Lendmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobile_(aristocracy)" title="Nobile (aristocracy)">Nobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edler" title="Edler">Edler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primor" title="Primor">Primor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidalgo" title="Fidalgo">Fidalgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Baronet, Baronetess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vavasour" title="Vavasour">Vavasour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_knight" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial knight">Imperial knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">Knight/Chevalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritter" title="Ritter">Ritter</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knight_bachelor" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight bachelor">Knight bachelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane_(Scotland)" title="Thane (Scotland)">Thane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druzhina" title="Druzhina">Druzhinnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">Lord of the manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vogt" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogt">Vogt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquire" title="Esquire">Esquire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman" title="Gentleman">Gentleman, Gentlewoman</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(class)" title="Franklin (class)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeoman" title="Yeoman">Yeoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_at_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Man at arms">Man at arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelfrei" title="Edelfrei">Edelfrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministerialis" title="Ministerialis">Ministerialis</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial,_royal,_noble_and_chivalric_ranks" title="Template:Imperial, royal, noble and chivalric ranks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Imperial,_royal,_noble_and_chivalric_ranks" title="Template talk:Imperial, royal, noble and chivalric ranks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial,_royal,_noble_and_chivalric_ranks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial, royal, noble and chivalric ranks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>crown prince</b> or <b>hereditary prince</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a> in a royal or imperial <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The female form of the title, <b>crown princess</b>, is held by a woman who is heir apparent or is married to the heir apparent.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Crown prince</i> as a descriptive term has been used throughout history for the prince who is first-in-line to a throne and is expected to succeed (i.e. the heir apparent), barring any unforeseen future event preventing this. In certain monarchies, a more specific <a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">substantive title</a> may be accorded and become associated with the position of heir apparent (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Asturias" title="Prince of Asturias">Prince of Asturias</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a> and formerly the <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a>). In these monarchies, the term crown prince may be used less often than the substantive title (or never). </p><p>Until the late twentieth century, no modern monarchy adopted a system whereby females would be guaranteed to succeed to the throne (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Absolute_primogeniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute primogeniture">absolute primogeniture</a>). A crown princess would therefore be more likely to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Spouse" title="Spouse">spouse</a> of a crown prince. She would be styled crown princess, not in her <a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">own right</a> but by <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">courtesy</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Many European countries have now abolished male primogeniture; a notable exception is Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, in monarchies lower than royal rank the term "crown prince" is used in English (e.g. Crown Prince of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Emirate of Umm Al Quwain">Umm al-Quwain</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_prince&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>crown prince</i> is not used in European monarchies if the hereditary sovereign holds a title below that of king/queen or emperor/empress (such as <a href="/wiki/Grand_duke" title="Grand duke">grand duke</a> or <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">prince</a>), although it is sometimes used as a synonym for heir apparent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Europe, where <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a> governed succession to all monarchies except those of the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">papacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, the eldest son or (more recently) eldest child of the current monarch fills the role of crown prince or princess, depending upon whether females of the <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">dynasty</a> enjoy personal <a href="/wiki/Line_of_hereditary_succession" title="Line of hereditary succession">succession rights</a>. Male precedence has been abolished in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, as well as in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_2013" title="Succession to the Crown Act 2013">Succession to the Crown Act 2013</a>. The eldest living child of a monarch is sometimes not the heir apparent or crown prince, because that position can be held by a descendant of a deceased older child who, by "right of representation", inherits the same place in the line of succession that would be held by the ancestor if he or she were still living (for example, <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl Gustaf, Duke of Jämtland</a> was the crown prince of Sweden from 1950 to 1973, as the senior grandson by male primogeniture of King <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_VI_Adolf" title="Gustaf VI Adolf">Gustaf VI Adolf</a>, although the former <a href="/wiki/Sigvard_Bernadotte" title="Sigvard Bernadotte">Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland</a> was Gustaf VI Adolf's eldest living son, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bertil,_Duke_of_Halland" title="Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland">Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland</a> his eldest living <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">dynastic</a> son during those years). </p><p>In some monarchies, those of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> for example, in which primogeniture is not the decisive factor in dynastic succession, a person may not possess the title or status of crown prince by right of birth, but may obtain (and lose) it as a result of an official designation made on some other legal or traditional basis, such as former crown prince <a href="/wiki/Prince_Hassan_bin_Talal" title="Prince Hassan bin Talal">Hassan bin Talal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hashemite_Kingdom_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan">Jordan</a>. </p><p>Compare <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heir presumptive</a>. In Scandinavian kingdoms, the heir presumptive to the crown may hold a different title from an <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a>: hereditary prince (German: <i>Erbprinz</i>, French: <i>prince héréditaire</i>). It is also the title borne by the heir apparent of <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, as well as the heir apparent or presumptive of <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, the heir apparent bears the title of hereditary grand duke (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i>Erbgroßherzog</i>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish" title="Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a>: <i>ierfgroussherzog</i>); along with hereditary prince, it was also the title borne by the heirs apparent to the thrones of the grand duchies, sovereign <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duchies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">principalities</a>, and of <a href="/wiki/German_mediatisation" title="German mediatisation">mediatized</a> princely families in the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Abolished_monarchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolished monarchies">monarchies abolished</a> in 1918. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Substantive_traditional_titles">Substantive traditional titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_prince&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Substantive traditional titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many monarchies use or did use <a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">substantive titles</a> for their heirs apparent, often of historical origin: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bey_al-Mahalla" title="Bey al-Mahalla">Bey Al Mahalla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia" title="Kingdom of Tunisia">Kingdom of Tunisia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_the_Sa%27id" title="Prince of the Sa'id">Prince of the Sa'id</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Kingdom of Egypt</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Regime">Kingdom of France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Brabant" title="Duke of Brabant">Duke of Brabant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Braganza" title="Duke of Braganza">Duke of Braganza</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Cornwall" title="Duke of Cornwall">Duke of Cornwall</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a>), currently one of the titles of the Prince of Wales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Rothesay" title="Duke of Rothesay">Duke of Rothesay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a>), currently used by the Prince of Wales in place of his Welsh title when in Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Carrick" title="Earl of Carrick">Earl of Carrick</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a>), currently one of the titles of the Prince of Wales when in Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Prince of Tuscany">Grand Prince</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Isles" title="Lord of the Isles">Lord of the Isles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a>), currently one of the titles of the Prince of Wales when in Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Margraviate" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian Margraviate">Margrave of Moravia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Asturias" title="Prince of Asturias">Prince of Asturias</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain">Spain</a>), also used by heirs presumptive</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Girona" title="Prince of Girona">Prince of Girona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a> & Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Imperial_of_France" title="Prince Imperial of France">Prince Imperial</a> or Prince Napoléon (<a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Imperial_of_Brazil" title="Prince Imperial of Brazil">Prince Imperial</a> (<a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Imperial_of_Mexico" title="Prince Imperial of Mexico">Prince Imperial</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">Mexican Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Orange" title="Prince of Orange">Prince of Orange</a> (Netherlands), whether or not the equivalent title is held by the spouse of the titleholder is decided by the Dutch parliament (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Queen_M%C3%A1xima_of_the_Netherlands" title="Queen Máxima of the Netherlands">Queen Máxima of the Netherlands</a> was never titled Princess of Orange by marriage for this reason)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Piedmont" title="Prince of Piedmont">Prince of Piedmont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a>, and then <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>, when it was alternated with <i>Prince of Naples</i>) once conferred by King <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Royal_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Prince Royal (disambiguation)">Prince Royal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">1789–1791</a> and the <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a>, and Portugal since 1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Turnovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Turnovo">Prince of Turnovo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Kingdom of Bulgaria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Viana" title="Prince of Viana">Prince of Viana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a> & Spain)</li> <li>Rex iunior (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a>), lit. <i>junior king</i> as he was crowned during the life of the incumbent king</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsesarevich" title="Tsesarevich">Tsesarevich</a> (<a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Russia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lewicz" title="Królewicz">Królewicz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Poland</a>)</li></ul> <p>Some monarchies have used (although not always <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i>) a territorial title for heirs apparent which, though often perceived as a crown princely title, is not automatically hereditary. It generally requires a specific conferral by the sovereign, which may be withheld. </p><p>Current and past titles in this category include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)#Minor_dynastic_title" title="Caesar (title)">Caesar</a> or Kaisar (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empires</a>) in honor of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Gaius Julius Caesar</a>, distinguished from the senior <a href="/wiki/Augustus_(title)" title="Augustus (title)">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aetheling" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetheling">Aetheling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon England</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Edling" title="Edling">edling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh kingdoms">Welsh kingdoms</a>), lit. <i>of the royal family</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Estonia" title="Duke of Estonia">Duke of Estonia</a> and Lolland (Denmark; during, at least, reigns of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_II_of_Denmark" title="Christopher II of Denmark">Christopher II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valdemar_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Valdemar IV">Valdemar IV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Valentinois" title="Duke of Valentinois">Duke of Valentinois</a>, used by several heirs to the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Monaco">Monégasque</a> throne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Chester" title="Earl of Chester">Earl of Chester</a> (England, Great Britain, United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>) – an elective, rather than an inherited title, for the designated successor—usually the son, but sometimes the brother—of the Emperor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of Rome</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Sparta" title="Duke of Sparta">Duke of Sparta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece_(Gl%C3%BCcksburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)">Kingdom of Greece</a>); used briefly, <i>within</i> Greece, only by <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" title="Constantine I of Greece">Prince Constantine</a>, during the reign of his father, King <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Baux" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquess of Baux">Marquess of Baux</a>, used by several heirs to the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Monaco">Monégasque</a> throne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Brazil" title="Prince of Brazil">Prince of Brazil</a> (title of the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> heir from 1645 to 1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupouto%CA%BBa" title="Tupoutoʻa">Tupoutoʻa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>)</li> <li>Duke of Scania (Sweden during the time when <a href="/wiki/Magnus_IV_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus IV of Sweden">Magnus IV of Sweden</a> also was King of <a href="/wiki/Terra_Scania" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra Scania">Terra Scania</a>)</li> <li>Prince of Ani (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_West_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of West Armenia">Kingdom of West Armenia</a>)</li> <li>Grand Voivode of <a href="/wiki/Alba_Iulia" title="Alba Iulia">Alba Iulia</a> (1930-1940, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a>)</li> <li>Grand Voivode of Grahovo (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Kingdom of Montenegro</a>)</li> <li>Prince of Venice (see <a href="/wiki/Prince_Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Beauharnais" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Eugène de Beauharnais">Prince Eugène de Beauharnais</a>); for the heir presumptive to <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</a> in his kingdom of Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Calabria" title="Duke of Calabria">Duke of Calabria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a>); prior to the accession of <a href="/wiki/Robert,_King_of_Naples" title="Robert, King of Naples">King Robert</a> the title of the Neapolitan heir was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_of_Salerno" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes of Salerno">Prince of Salerno</a></li> <li>Pangeran Adipati Anom (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Mataram" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Mataram">House of Mataram</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monarchies_that_use_the_title_of_crown_prince">Monarchies that use the title of crown prince</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_prince&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Monarchies that use the title of crown prince"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently, the following monarchies use the term "crown prince" (or "crown princess") for the heirs apparent to their thrones: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Polity </th> <th>Title in native language </th> <th>Current holder </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> (United Arab Emirates) </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولي العهد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Walī al-ʻAhd</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khaled_bin_Mohamed_Al_Nahyan" title="Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan">Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afro-Bolivians" title="Afro-Bolivians">Afro-Bolivia</a> (Bolivia) </td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">El Príncipe heredero</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rolando_Pinedo_Larrea" title="Rolando Pinedo Larrea">Rolando Pinedo Larrea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ajman" title="Emirate of Ajman">Ajman</a> (United Arab Emirates) </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولي العهد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Walī al-ʻAhd</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ammar_bin_Humaid_Al_Nuaimi" title="Ammar bin Humaid Al Nuaimi">Ammar bin Humaid Al Nuaimi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولي العهد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Walī al-ʻAhd</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_Al_Khalifa" title="Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa">Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Pengiran Muda Mahkota</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadee_Billah" title="Al-Muhtadee Billah">Al-Muhtadee Billah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Kronprins</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian,_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark" title="Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark">Christian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Dubai</a> (United Arab Emirates) </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولي العهد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Walī al-ʻAhd</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_bin_Mohammed_Al_Maktoum" title="Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum">Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Fujairah" title="Emirate of Fujairah">Fujairah</a> (United Arab Emirates) </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولي العهد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Walī al-ʻAhd</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Hamad_bin_Mohammed_Al_Sharqi" title="Mohammed bin Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi">Mohammed bin Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">皇太子</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kōtaishi</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fumihito,_Crown_Prince_of_Japan" title="Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan">Fumihito, Crown Prince Akishino</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> (Malaysia) </td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Tunku Mahkota</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Ismail_Idris" title="Tunku Ismail Idris">Tunku Ismail Idris</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولي العهد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Walī al-ʻAhd</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hussein,_Crown_Prince_of_Jordan" title="Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan">Hussein bin Abdullah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> (Malaysia) </td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Raja Muda</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Sarafudin_Badlishah" title="Tengku Sarafudin Badlishah">Tengku Sarafudin Badlishah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> (Malaysia) </td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Tengku Mahkota</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Muhammad_Fakhry_Petra" title="Tengku Muhammad Fakhry Petra">Tengku Muhammad Fakhry Petra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولي العهد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Walī al-ʻAhd</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Al-Khalid_Al-Sabah" title="Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah">Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولي العهد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Walī al-ʻAhd</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moulay_Hassan,_Crown_Prince_of_Morocco" title="Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco">Moulay Hassan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Kronprins</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haakon,_Crown_Prince_of_Norway" title="Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway">Haakon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولي العهد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Walī al-ʻAhd</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theyazin_bin_Haitham" title="Theyazin bin Haitham">Theyazin bin Haitham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a> (Malaysia) </td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Tengku Mahkota</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Hassanal_Ibrahim_Alam_Shah" title="Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah">Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> (Malaysia) </td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Raja Muda</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raja_Jaafar" title="Raja Jaafar">Raja Jaafar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> (Malaysia) </td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Raja Muda</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Syed_Faizuddin_Putra_Jamalullail" title="Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra Jamalullail">Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra Jamalullail</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah</a> (United Arab Emirates) </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولي العهد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Walī al-ʻAhd</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Saud_Al_Qasimi" title="Mohammed bin Saud Al Qasimi">Mohammed bin Saud Al Qasimi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولي العهد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Walī al-ʻAhd</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> (Malaysia) </td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Raja Muda</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Amir_Shah" title="Tengku Amir Shah">Tengku Amir Shah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sharjah" title="Emirate of Sharjah">Sharjah</a> (United Arab Emirates) </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولي العهد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Walī al-ʻAhd</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_bin_Muhammad_bin_Sultan_Al-Qasimi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan bin Muhammad bin Sultan Al-Qasimi (page does not exist)">Sultan bin Muhammad bin Sultan Al-Qasimi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Kronprins</i></span> or <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Kronprinsessa</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden" title="Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden">Victoria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a> (Malaysia) </td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Yang di-Pertuan Muda</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Muhammad_Ismail" title="Tengku Muhammad Ismail">Tengku Muhammad Ismail</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">สยามมกุฎราชกุมาร</span></span>, <span title="Thai-language romanization"><i lang="th-Latn">Sayammakutratchakuman</i></span> </td> <td><i>Vacant</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> </td> <td><span title="Tongan-language text"><i lang="to">Pilinisi Kalauni</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tupouto%CA%BBa_%CA%BBUlukalala" title="Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala">Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Emirate of Umm Al Quwain">Umm Al Quwain</a> (United Arab Emirates) </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولي العهد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Walī al-ʻAhd</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rashid_bin_Saud_Al_Mualla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rashid bin Saud Al Mualla (page does not exist)">Rashid bin Saud Al Mualla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Sultanate" title="Yogyakarta Sultanate">Yogyakarta</a> (Indonesia) </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Mangkubumi</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princess_Mangkubumi" title="Princess Mangkubumi">Princess Mangkubumi</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition, the following heirs apparent to deposed monarchies continue to use their former titles by international courtesy: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pavlos,_Crown_Prince_of_Greece" title="Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece">Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Pahlavi,_Crown_Prince_of_Iran" title="Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran">Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paras_Shah" title="Paras Shah">Paras Shah, Crown Prince of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander,_Crown_Prince_of_Yugoslavia" title="Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia">Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_specific_traditions">Other specific traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_prince&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other specific traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Islamic tradition, the title is the Arabic term <a href="/wiki/Wali_al-Ahd" title="Wali al-Ahd">Wali al-Ahd</a>. </p> <ul><li>In Persia (<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>), during the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a>, the full style was <i>Vala Hazrat-i-Humayun <a href="/wiki/Vali_Ahd" class="mw-redirect" title="Vali Ahd">Vali Ahd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahzad_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahzad (disambiguation)">Shahzada</a></i> (given name) (meaning "His August Imperial Highness the Heir Apparent, Prince ...");</li> <li>The title was adopted by many <a href="/wiki/Oriental" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental">oriental</a> monarchies, even some non-Muslim, e.g. "Walet" as alternative title for the <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepali</a> (Hindu) royal heir apparent; first used by Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Trailokya" title="Trailokya">Trailokya</a> in the middle of the nineteenth century, taken from the Mughal title 'Vali Ahd'</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> tradition (Indian subcontinent): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuvaraja" title="Yuvaraja">Yuvaraja</a> was part of the full title in many princely states of India, e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, the heir apparent was styled <i>Maharaj Kumar Shri Yuvaraj</i> (personal name) <i>Singhji Bahadur</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, where the King was styled <a href="/wiki/Maharajadhiraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharajadhiraja">Maharajadhiraja</a>: <ul><li>the heir apparent was styled: <i><a href="/wiki/Sri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri">Sri</a> Sri Sri Sri Sri</i> Yuvarajadhiraj ('Young King of Kings', i.e. Crown Prince) (personal name) <i>Bir Bikram Shah Deva</i>;</li> <li>the eldest son of the heir apparent was styled: <i>Sri Sri Sri Sri Sri</i> Nava Yuvaraj ('Young Crown Prince') (personal name) <i>Bir Bikram Shah Deva</i></li></ul></li></ul> <p>East Asian traditions: </p> <ul><li>The cognates of Chinese <i>Huang <a href="/wiki/Taizi" title="Taizi">Taizi</a></i> (皇太子, "Great Imperial Son") – if a son of the reigning emperor, and <i>Huang Taisun</i> (皇太孫, Great Imperial Grandson) – if a grandson of the emperor:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><small><i>if the heir apparent is a:</i></small></th> <th>son</th> <th>grandson </th></tr> <tr> <td>Chinese</td> <td>Huang <a href="/wiki/Taizi" title="Taizi">Taizi</a></td> <td>Huang Taisun </td></tr> <tr> <td>Japanese</td> <td><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtaishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōtaishi">Kōtaishi</a></td> <td>Kōtaison </td></tr> <tr> <td>Korean</td> <td>Hwangtaeja (황태자)</td> <td>Hwangtaeson (황태손) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vietnamese</td> <td>Hoàng Thái Tử</td> <td>Hoàng Thái Tôn </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The crown prince of an emperor was sometimes referred as Dong-gong (東宮, 'East Palace') due to the location of his residence from the main palace.</li> <li>If the crown prince is the son of a king, he was called 世子 (Shizi).</li> <li>The crown prince was not necessarily the first-born son.</li> <li>During the <a href="/wiki/Joseon_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseon dynasty">Joseon dynasty</a> in <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, the crown prince was often referred as Dong-gung (동궁, 東宮, 'East Palace') or wangseja (王世子 왕세자); The first-born son was called wonja (元子 원자).</li></ul> <p>Southeast Asian traditions: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siam_Makutrajakuman" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam Makutrajakuman">Siam Makutrajakuman</a> (สยามมกุฎราชกุมาร) in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> since 1886.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krom_Phrarajawangboworn_Sathanmongkol" class="mw-redirect" title="Krom Phrarajawangboworn Sathanmongkol">Krom Phrarajawangboworn Sathanmongkol</a> or Phra Maha <a href="/wiki/Uparaja" title="Uparaja">Uparaja</a> or commonly called Wang Na (or <a href="/wiki/Front_Palace" title="Front Palace">Front Palace</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> prior to 1886.</li> <li>Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Anom in <a href="/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta">Surakarta sultanate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.</li> <li>Raja Muda or Tengku Mahkota in the <a href="/wiki/Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay people">Malay</a> sultanates of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>.</li> <li>Pengiran Muda Mahkota in <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li></ul> <p>Equivalents in other cultures: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguars_in_Mesoamerican_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaguars in Mesoamerican culture">Jaguar</a> Prince (<a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>)</li> <li>Ka Haku O Hawaiʻi or "The Lord of Hawaii" in the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian language</a>.</li> <li>Aremo, "First Son and Heir" in the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba language</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, used as a royal title in many of the kingdoms of the region.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Jae-yong_(businessman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee Jae-yong (businessman)">Lee Jae-yong</a>, South Korean billionaire and Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> referred to as the "Crown Prince of Samsung"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_prince&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">Caesar (title)</a> (since the <a href="/wiki/Tetrarchy" title="Tetrarchy">tetrarchy</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Consors_imperii" class="mw-redirect" title="Consors imperii">Consors imperii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeps_iuventutis" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeps iuventutis">Princeps iuventutis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_the_blood" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of the blood">Prince of the blood</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince Party">Crown Prince Party</a>" of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heirs_apparent" class="mw-redirect" title="List of heirs apparent">List of heirs apparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizi" title="Taizi">Taizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuvaraja" title="Yuvaraja">Yuvraj</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_prince&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/crown-prince">"crown prince (noun)"</a>. <i>The Britannica Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Britannica+Dictionary&rft.atitle=crown+prince+%28noun%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcrown-prince&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+prince" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/crown-princess">"crown princess (noun)"</a>. <i>The Britannica Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Britannica+Dictionary&rft.atitle=crown+princess+%28noun%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcrown-princess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+prince" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazellMorris2020" class="citation book cs1">Hazell, Robert; Morris, Bob (2020). <i>The Role of Monarchy in Modern Democracy: European Monarchies Compared</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781509931033" title="Special:BookSources/9781509931033"><bdi>9781509931033</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Role+of+Monarchy+in+Modern+Democracy%3A+European+Monarchies+Compared&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781509931033&rft.aulast=Hazell&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Morris%2C+Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+prince" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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