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<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/20px-Confusion_colour.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/30px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/40px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Ne doit pas être confondu avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_Brunschwig?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques Brunschwig">Jacques Brunschwig</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Brunschvicg">Brunschvicg</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p><b>Léon Brunschvicg</b>, né dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2e_arrondissement_de_Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2e arrondissement de Paris"><abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> arrondissement de Paris</a> le <time class="nowrap date-lien bday" datetime="1869-11-10" data-sort-value="1869-11-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 novembre">10</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novembre_1869?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novembre 1869">novembre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1869_en_philosophie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1869 en philosophie">1869</a></time> et mort à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aix-les-Bains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aix-les-Bains">Aix-les-Bains</a> le <time class="nowrap dday" datetime="1944-01-18" data-sort-value="1944-01-18">18 janvier 1944</time>, est un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philosophie_des_sciences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philosophie des sciences">philosophe des sciences</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_la_philosophie_(discipline)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire de la philosophie (discipline)">historien de la philosophie</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Id%C3%A9alisme_(philosophie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idéalisme (philosophie)">idéaliste</a> de tendance <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9okantisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Néokantisme">kantienne</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baruch Spinoza">spinozienne</a>. Époux de la féministe et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-secr%C3%A9taire_d%27%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-secrétaire d'État">sous-secrétaire d'État</a> à l'Éducation <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cécile Brunschvicg">Cécile Brunschvicg</a>, il est le fondateur en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1893?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1893">1893</a>, avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xavier_L%C3%A9on?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xavier Léon">Xavier Léon</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lie_Hal%C3%A9vy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élie Halévy">Élie Halévy</a>, de la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revue_de_m%C3%A9taphysique_et_de_morale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revue de métaphysique et de morale">Revue de métaphysique et de morale</a></i>.</p> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large"> <div class="entete icon auteur" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#000000"> <div> Léon Brunschvicg <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r155517023">.mw-parser-output .entete.auteur{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Picto_infobox_auteur.png")}</style> </div> </div> <table> <caption style="color:#000000;text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE"> Biographie </caption> <tbody> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">Naissance</th> <td class=""> <div><time class="nowrap date-lien bday" datetime="1869-11-10" data-sort-value="1869-11-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 novembre">10</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novembre_1869?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novembre 1869">novembre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1869_en_litt%C3%A9rature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1869 en littérature">1869</a></time><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2e_arrondissement_de_Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2e arrondissement de Paris"><abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> arrondissement de Paris</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">Décès</th> <td class=""> <div><time class="nowrap date-lien dday" datetime="1944-01-18" data-sort-value="1944-01-18"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 janvier">18</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Janvier_1944?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Janvier 1944">janvier</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1944_en_litt%C3%A9rature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1944 en littérature">1944</a></time> (à 74 ans)<br> Aix-les-Bains </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">Nationalité</th> <td class=""> <div><span class="wd_p27"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951066?uselang%3Dfr%23P27" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">Formation</th> <td class=""> <div><span class="wd_p69"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Condorcet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lycée Condorcet">Lycée Condorcet</a><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Paris)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="École normale supérieure (Paris)">École normale supérieure</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951066?uselang%3Dfr%23P69" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">Activités</th> <td class=""> <div><span class="wd_p106"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philosophe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philosophe">Philosophe</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historien">historien</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enseignement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enseignement">professeur d'université</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951066?uselang%3Dfr%23P106" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">Fratrie</th> <td class=""> <div><span class="wd_p3373">Goudchaux Brunschvicg <small>(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76395756" class="extiw" title="d:Q76395756"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l'élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951066?uselang%3Dfr%23P3373" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">Conjoint</th> <td class=""> <div><span class="wd_p26"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cécile Brunschvicg">Cécile Brunschvicg</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951066?uselang%3Dfr%23P26" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">Enfant</th> <td class=""> <div><span class="wd_p40">Adrienne R. Weill <small>(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55770594" class="extiw" title="d:Q55770594"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l'élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951066?uselang%3Dfr%23P40" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="color:#000000;text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE"> Autres informations </caption> <tbody> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">A travaillé pour</th> <td class=""> <div><span class="wd_p108"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Paris_(1896-1970)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Université de Paris (1896-1970)">Université de Paris</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951066?uselang%3Dfr%23P108" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">Membre de</th> <td class=""> <div><span class="wd_p463"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences_morales_et_politiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Académie des sciences morales et politiques">Académie des sciences morales et politiques</a><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_internationale_d%27histoire_des_sciences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Académie internationale d'histoire des sciences">Académie internationale d'histoire des sciences</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951066?uselang%3Dfr%23P463" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">Maîtres</th> <td class=""> <div><span class="wd_p1066"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alphonse_Darlu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alphonse Darlu">Alphonse Darlu</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Boutroux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Boutroux">Émile Boutroux</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victor_Brochard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victor Brochard">Victor Brochard</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951066?uselang%3Dfr%23P1066" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">Influencé par</th> <td class=""> <div><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Platon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Platon">Platon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montaigne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Montaigne">Montaigne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blaise_Pascal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Immanuel_Kant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Johann Gottlieb Fichte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_Comte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste Comte">Auguste Comte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_Lachelier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules Lachelier">Jules Lachelier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antoine_Augustin_Cournot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Augustin Cournot">Antoine Augustin Cournot</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Boutroux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Boutroux">Émile Boutroux</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_Bergson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucien_L%C3%A9vy-Bruhl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucien Lévy-Bruhl">Lucien Lévy-Bruhl</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ernst_Cassirer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ernst Cassirer">Ernst Cassirer</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alphonse_Darlu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alphonse Darlu">Alphonse Darlu</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(physicien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sadi Carnot (physicien)">Sadi Carnot</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augustin_Louis_Cauchy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustin Louis Cauchy">Augustin Louis Cauchy</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernhard_Riemann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernhard Riemann">Bernhard Riemann</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikola%C3%AF_Ivanovitch_Lobatchevski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikolaï Ivanovitch Lobatchevski">Nikolaï Ivanovitch Lobatchevski</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Einstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">Distinctions</th> <td class=""> <div><span class="wd_p166"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prix_Montyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prix Montyon">Prix Montyon</a> <small>(<time>1895</time>)</small><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prix_Saintour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prix Saintour">Prix Saintour</a> <small>(<time>1898</time>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951066?uselang%3Dfr%23P166" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">Archives conservées par</th> <td class=""> <div><span class="wd_p485"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institut_m%C3%A9moires_de_l%27%C3%A9dition_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institut mémoires de l'édition contemporaine">Institut mémoires de l'édition contemporaine</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-2af0803ce7e326b1c0d9fd144d8ed7c96313b53b_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wikidata-2af0803ce7e326b1c0d9fd144d8ed7c96313b53b-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951066?uselang%3Dfr%23P485" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div> <div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="signature de Léon Brunschvicg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG/170px-Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG/255px-Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG/340px-Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"> Signature </div> </div> <p class="navbar noprint bordered navigation-not-searchable" style="border-top:1px solid #B0C4DE"><span class="plainlinks" style="text-align:left"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DL%25C3%25A9on_Brunschvicg%26veaction%3Dedit%26section%3D0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DL%25C3%25A9on_Brunschvicg%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951066" class="extiw" title="d:Q951066">modifier Wikidata</a></span><span style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Biographie2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Documentation du modèle"><img alt="Documentation du modèle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></span></p> </div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Biographie"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C5%92uvre"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Œuvre</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Critique"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Critique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Post%C3%A9rit%C3%A9"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Postérité</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ouvrages"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Ouvrages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Biographie">Biographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Biographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Léon Brunschvicg est élève d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alphonse_Darlu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alphonse Darlu">Alphonse Darlu</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Condorcet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lycée Condorcet">lycée Condorcet</a><sup id="cite_ref-Albertini_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Albertini-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcel_Proust?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcel Proust">Marcel Proust</a>, qu'il a côtoyé en outre durant l'adolescence<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Il entre à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Paris)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="École normale supérieure (Paris)">École normale supérieure</a> (promotion 1888 Lettres), est reçu premier à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agr%C3%A9gation_de_philosophie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agrégation de philosophie">agrégation de philosophie</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (1891) et devient professeur à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lorient?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lorient">Lorient</a> (1891), puis à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tours?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tours">Tours</a> (1893), au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Corneille_(Rouen)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycée Corneille (Rouen)">lycée Corneille</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rouen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (de 1895 à 1900), où <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alain_(philosophe)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alain (philosophe)">Alain</a> lui succèdera, et ensuite au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Condorcet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lycée Condorcet">lycée Condorcet</a> (1900) et au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Henri-IV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lycée Henri-IV">lycée Henri IV</a> (1903), à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le 19 mars 1897, il soutient ses deux thèses de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doctorat_%C3%A8s_lettres_(France)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doctorat ès lettres (France)">doctorat ès lettres</a> à la Faculté de Paris<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La première, en français, s'intéresse aux modalités du jugement<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La deuxième, en latin, traite de la démonstration faite par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aristote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aristote">Aristote</a> que métaphysique et syllogisme sont inhérents.</p> <p>Léon Brunschvicg, philosophe féministe<sup id="cite_ref-bioMuriel_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bioMuriel-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, membre de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligue_des_droits_de_l%27homme_(France)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligue des droits de l'homme (France)">Ligue des droits de l'homme</a><sup id="cite_ref-bioMuriel_8-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bioMuriel-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, puis vice-président de la Ligue des électeurs pour le suffrage des femmes<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> se marie avec Cécile Kahn en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1899?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1899">1899</a> ; ils ont, de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1901?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1901">1901</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1919?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1919">1919</a>, quatre enfants<sup id="cite_ref-bioMuriel_8-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bioMuriel-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Entre 1900 et 1940 il se fait connaître comme un philosophe idéaliste, voire intellectualiste ; il est le représentant de ce que l'on a appelé <i>le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Id%C3%A9alisme_fran%C3%A7ais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idéalisme français">courant idéaliste français</a></i>.</p> <p>Nommé maître de conférences de philosophie à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sorbonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sorbonne">Sorbonne</a> en 1909 puis professeur adjoint en 1920 et professeur d'histoire de la philosophie moderne en 1927<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, il y enseigne pendant trente ans et est entre autres le directeur de thèse de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Cavaill%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Cavaillès">Jean Cavaillès</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> en 1937 et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raymond_Aron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raymond Aron">Raymond Aron</a> (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Introduction_%C3%A0_la_philosophie_de_l%27histoire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire">Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire</a></i>) en 1938.</p> <p>Il participe en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1929?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1929">1929</a> au deuxième <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cours_universitaires_de_Davos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cours universitaires de Davos">cours universitaire de Davos</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, avec de nombreux autres intellectuels français et allemands.</p> <p>En 1919 <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, il devient membre de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences_morales_et_politiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Académie des sciences morales et politiques">Académie des sciences morales et politiques</a>.</p> <p>Au cours de sa carrière il collabore avec de nombreuses revues telles que les <i>Annales de l'Université de Paris</i>, le <i>Chronicon Spinozarum</i>, le <i>Bulletin de l'Union pour la vérité</i>, <i>Scientia</i>, la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revue_des_Deux_Mondes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revue des Deux Mondes">Revue des deux mondes</a></i>, la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revue_de_Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revue de Paris">Revue de Paris</a></i>, la <i>Revue des cours et conférences</i>, la <i>Revue d'histoire de la philosophie</i>, la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revue_philosophique_de_la_France_et_de_l%27%C3%A9tranger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger">Revue philosophique</a></i>, le <i>Bulletin de la société française de philosophie</i> et la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revue_de_m%C3%A9taphysique_et_de_morale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revue de métaphysique et de morale">Revue de métaphysique et de morale</a></i>. Il anime également la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_fran%C3%A7aise_de_philosophie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Société française de philosophie">Société française de philosophie</a> et plusieurs congrès internationaux de philosophie<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Sous l'Occupation, Brunschvicg doit quitter son poste à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sorbonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sorbonne">Sorbonne</a> et partir en zone libre pour échapper aux nazis qui le traquent en raison de ses origines juives<sup id="cite_ref-Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-''Léon_Brunschwicg_:_l’œuvre_et_l'homme''13_14-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-''L%C3%A9on_Brunschwicg_:_l%E2%80%99%C5%93uvre_et_l'homme''13-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il se réfugie dans le sud de la France à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aix-en-Provence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a><sup id="cite_ref-Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque_13-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-''Léon_Brunschwicg_:_l’œuvre_et_l'homme''12_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-''L%C3%A9on_Brunschwicg_:_l%E2%80%99%C5%93uvre_et_l'homme''12-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il y vit tranquillement en commençant l'ébauche de ce qui allait être son dernier ouvrage <i>Descartes et Pascal, lecteurs de Montaigne</i><sup id="cite_ref-Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque_13-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Mais après l'occupation allemande de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zone_libre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zone libre">zone libre</a>, à partir de 1943 sa femme et lui doivent se cacher<sup id="cite_ref-Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque_13-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En <time class="nowrap" datetime="1944-01" data-sort-value="1944-01">janvier 1944</time>, il meurt à l'âge de 74 ans, évènement auquel la presse donne très peu d'écho<sup id="cite_ref-Albertini_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Albertini-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Œuvre"><span id=".C5.92uvre"></span>Œuvre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Œuvre" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_Bergson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a>, Léon Brunschvicg s'annonça, dès 1897, comme l'un des philosophes français majeurs de la première moitié du <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. À la Société française de philosophie (fondée en 1901 par Xavier Léon), à la Sorbonne et partout où il fut reçu, Brunschvicg ne laissa personne indifférent. Avec ses amis connus au lycée (notamment <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lie_Hal%C3%A9vy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élie Halévy">Élie Halévy</a>) ainsi qu'un grand nombre de ses collègues (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lalande_(philosophe)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Lalande (philosophe)">André Lalande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Meyerson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Meyerson">Émile Meyerson</a>), il participa à ce que l'on appelle encore aujourd'hui l'<i>idéalisme français</i>.</p> <p>Brunschvicg développa à partir de la « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9thode_r%C3%A9flexive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Méthode réflexive">méthode réflexive</a> », un « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Id%C3%A9alisme_(philosophie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idéalisme (philosophie)">idéalisme</a> critique ». Pour lui, l'acte de l'esprit s'exprime dans les vérités scientifiques : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philosophie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philosophie">philosophie</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Science?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Science">science</a> vont en couple. Le grand concept brunschvicgien par excellence est celui de <i>jugement</i> dont il expose la théorie dans sa thèse <i>La Modalité du jugement</i>. C'est le jugement qui, dans la réflexion scientifique, constitue le cœur de la philosophie réflexive de Brunschvicg. À partir de ce jugement, qui donne la signification pleine et entière de la conscience intellectuelle, Brunschvicg va pouvoir rendre compte d'une philosophie de l'esprit : la genèse de l'esprit c'est le progrès du savoir sous la forme des sciences ; et Brunschvicg sera l'un des rares philosophes du siècle dernier à tenter une réflexion tenant conjointement les sciences (mathématiques, physique, biologie) et l'Esprit.</p> <p>D'autre part, l'engagement politique de Brunschvicg, humaniste, ne fait que découvrir le message central de son œuvre : l'universalisme de la Raison. L'œuvre brunschvigienne, qui comporte une somme considérable d'ouvrages et d'articles, vient d'être complétée grâce à la restitution par la Russie à sa famille en 2001 de nombreuses notes inédites.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Critique">Critique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Critique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Léon Brunschvicg est, avec son contemporain <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_Bergson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a>, la cible principale du pamphlet <i><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/fr:Les_Chiens_de_garde" class="extiw" title="s:fr:Les Chiens de garde">Les Chiens de garde</a></i> (1932) de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Nizan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Nizan">Paul Nizan</a>, pour qui il représente le modèle du philosophe bourgeois indifférent aux réalités sociales : « On voit mal les raisons que M. Brunschvicg aurait eues de pencher vers des idées dangereuses » (<abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 64). <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucien_Febvre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucien Febvre">Lucien Febvre</a>, en 1948, voyait en Brunschvicg le représentant d’une vieille génération universitaire, nourrie aux classiques et pleine d’érudition, mais à la pensée « rétrécie »<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>À quoi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raymond_Aron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raymond Aron">Raymond Aron</a> répond : « Nos professeurs ne méritaient pas ces injures pour le seul crime de n'être pas révolutionnaires. Pourquoi auraient-ils dû l'être<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ? ».</p> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (dans l'article de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L'intentionnalit%C3%A9_:_une_id%C3%A9e_fondamentale_de_la_ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A9nologie_d'Husserl&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="L'intentionnalité : une idée fondamentale de la phénoménologie d'Husserl (page inexistante)">L'intentionnalité : une idée fondamentale de la phénoménologie d'Husserl</a></i>) critique son idéalisme. Notamment, il dénonce sa vision assimilatrice : il parlera de « philosophie digestive », <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9ologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Téléologie">téléologique</a>, de l'histoire de l'humanité devant tendre vers l'harmonie et le triomphe de l'Esprit. Une harmonie venant ingérer les tensions issues de l'environnement (selon une révision du jugement), dans une unification de l'esprit à travers l'histoire<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>On retrouvera cette critique de façon allusive à la fin de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Transcendance_de_l%27Ego?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Transcendance de l'Ego">La Transcendance de l'Ego</a></i> (paru dans la <abbr class="abbr" title="Sixième">6<sup>e</sup></abbr> revue : Les Recherches Philosophiques), dans la <abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> partie de la conclusion de l'article à propos de l'idéologie d'extrême-gauche.</p> <p>Brunschvicg ne sera pas mentionné dans <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%27%C3%8Atre_et_le_N%C3%A9ant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="L'Être et le Néant">L'Être et le Néant</a></i>, mais on trouvera une allusion rapide dans <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Questions_de_m%C3%A9thode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Questions de méthode">Questions de méthode</a></i> (préface de la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Critique_de_la_raison_dialectique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Critique de la raison dialectique">Critique de la Raison dialectique</a></i>, t.I, p.30), qui rappelle utilement la rupture philosophique entre l'ancien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Id%C3%A9alisme_fran%C3%A7ais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idéalisme français">idéalisme français</a> (dont Brunschvicg était le représentant par excellence) et les différents mouvements philosophiques, notamment <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Existentialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Existentialisme">existentialistes</a>, qui ont éclos en philosophie continentale dans l'entre-deux-guerres.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Postérité"><span id="Post.C3.A9rit.C3.A9"></span>Postérité</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Postérité" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institut_m%C3%A9moires_de_l%27%C3%A9dition_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institut mémoires de l'édition contemporaine">Institut mémoires de l'édition contemporaine</a> conserve dans ses archives<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> les documents remis en 1997 par les ayants droit de Léon Brunschvicg, ainsi que les documents spoliés par les troupes d'Occupation allemande en France pendant la seconde Guerre mondiale, emportés à Prague puis à Moscou par l'Armée rouge à la fin de la guerre et rendus par la Russie en 2001. Ce fonds Brunschvicg de 54 boîtes d'archives et 8 imprimés est principalement constitué par sa correspondance ainsi que par les manuscrits d'un bon nombre des textes publiés par Léon Brunschvicg tout au long de sa carrière.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque">François Chaubet, <cite style="font-style:normal">« Léon Brunschvicg, destin d’un philosophe sous l’Occupation »</cite>, dans Pascal Mercier et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claude_P%C3%A9rez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claude Pérez">Claude Pérez</a>, <cite class="italique">Déplacements, dérangements, bouleversement : Artistes et intellectuels déplacés en zone sud (1940-1944), Actes du colloque organisé par l'université de Provence, l'université de Sheffield, la bibliothèque de l'Alcazar (Marseille) les 3-4 juin 2005</cite> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027212312/http://publications.univ-provence.fr/ddb/document.php?id%3D87">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9placements%2C+d%C3%A9rangements%2C+bouleversement+%3A+Artistes+et+intellectuels+d%C3%A9plac%C3%A9s+en+zone+sud+%281940-1944%29%2C+Actes+du+colloque+organis%C3%A9+par+l%27universit%C3%A9+de+Provence%2C+l%27universit%C3%A9+de+Sheffield%2C+la+biblioth%C3%A8que+de+l%27Alcazar+%28Marseille%29+les+3-4+juin+2005&rft.atitle=L%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg%2C+destin+d%E2%80%99un+philosophe+sous+l%E2%80%99Occupation&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Chaubet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20071027212312%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fpublications.univ-provence.fr%2Fddb%2Fdocument.php%3Fid%3D87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg"></span></span>.</li> <li>Le colloque <i>De Brunschvicg à Bachelard</i>, organisé par Mauro Carbone, Miguel de Beisteguiet et Frédéric Worms à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Paris)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="École normale supérieure (Paris)">École normale supérieure</a>, en <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-02" data-sort-value="2009-02">février 2009</time><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, avec la discussion, entre Anastasios Brenner et Philippe Binant, autour de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_Vuillemin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules Vuillemin">Jules Vuillemin</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ouvrages">Ouvrages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Ouvrages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG/220px-Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG/220px-Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG/330px-Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG/440px-Book_signed_by_Leon_Bruschvicg_offered_to_Maurice_Halbwachs.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Envoi de L. Brunschvicg à Maurice Halbwachs sur <i>La raison et la religion</i> (1939). <br> (Ouvrage conservé à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_sciences_humaines_et_sociales_Paris_Descartes-CNRS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque de sciences humaines et sociales Paris Descartes-CNRS">Bibliothèque de sciences humaines et sociales Paris Descartes-CNRS</a>). </figcaption> </figure> <dl> <dt> Ouvrages doctrinaux publiés du vivant de l'auteur </dt> </dl> <ul> <li><i>La modalité du jugement</i> (thèse principale), Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Alcan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Alcan">Félix Alcan</a>, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1897.</li> <li><i>Introduction à la vie de l'esprit</i>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Alcan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Alcan">Félix Alcan</a>, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1900, réédition avec une préface d'André Simha, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Hermann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Éditions Hermann">Éditions Hermann</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2010">2010</a>.</li> <li><i>L'idéalisme contemporain</i> (recueil d'articles parus dans la <i>Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale</i>), Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Alcan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Alcan">Félix Alcan</a>, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1905.</li> <li><i>Les étapes de la philosophie mathématique</i>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Alcan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Alcan">Félix Alcan</a>, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1912.</li> <li><i>Nature et liberté</i> (recueil d'articles), Paris, Flammarion, 1921.</li> <li><i>Un ministère de l'éducation nationale</i>, Paris, Plon, 1922.</li> <li><i>L'expérience humaine et la causalité physique</i>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Alcan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Alcan">Félix Alcan</a>, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1922.</li> <li><i>Le progrès de la conscience dans la philosophie occidentale</i>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Alcan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Alcan">Félix Alcan</a>, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1927.</li> <li><i>De la connaissance de soi</i>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Alcan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Alcan">Félix Alcan</a>, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1931.</li> <li><i>Les âges de l'intelligence</i>, Paris, Alcan, 1934.</li> <li><i>Le rôle du pythagorisme dans l'évolution des idées</i>, Paris, Hermann, 1937.</li> <li><i>La raison et la religion</i>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Alcan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Alcan">Félix Alcan</a>, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1939.</li> </ul> <dl> <dt> Ouvrages historiques </dt> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Spinoza</i>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Alcan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Alcan">Félix Alcan</a>, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1894.</li> <li><i>Qua ratione Aristoteles metaphysicam vim syllogismo inesse demonstravit</i>, Paris, Alcan, 1897.</li> <li><i>Pascal, pensées et opuscules</i>, Paris, Hachette, 1897 - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prix_Saintour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prix Saintour">Prix Saintour</a> de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Académie française">Académie française</a> en 1898.</li> <li><i>Œuvres complètes de Blaise Pascal</i> (14 volumes), Paris, Hachette, 1904-1914.</li> <li><i>Reproduction en phototypie du manuscrit des Pensées de Pascal</i>, Paris, Alcan, 1905.</li> <li><i>Spinoza et ses contemporains</i>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Alcan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Alcan">Félix Alcan</a>, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1923.</li> <li><i>Le génie de Pascal</i>, Paris, Hachette, 1924.</li> <li><i>Pascal</i>, Paris, Rieder, 1932.</li> <li><i>Descartes</i>, Paris, Rieder, 1937.</li> <li><i>Descartes et Pascal, lecteurs de Montaigne</i>, Paris, La Baconnière, Neuchâtel, 1942; Brentano's, New-York - Paris.</li> </ul> <dl> <dt> Ouvrages posthumes </dt> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Héritage des mots. Héritage d'idées [Raison. Expérience. Liberté. Amour. Dieu. Âme]</i>, Paris, PUF, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1945.</li> <li><i>L'esprit européen</i>, La Baconnière, Neuchâtel, 1947.</li> <li><i>Agenda retrouvé, 1892-1942</i>, Paris, Éditions de Minuit, 1948.</li> <li><i>Le philosophe de l'esprit</i>, Paris, PUF, 1950.</li> <li><i>Écrits philosophiques, tome I : L'humanisme de l'occident, Descartes, Spinoza, Kant</i>, Paris, PUF, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1949.</li> <li><i>De la vraie et de la fausse conversion, suivi de la querelle de l'athéisme</i>, Paris, PUF, 1951.</li> <li><i>Écrits philosophiques, tome II : L'orientation du rationalisme</i>, Paris, PUF, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1954.</li> <li><i>Écrits philosophiques, tome III : Science-religion</i>, Paris, PUF, coll. «<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_philosophie_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine">Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine</a>», 1958.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-2af0803ce7e326b1c0d9fd144d8ed7c96313b53b-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wikidata-2af0803ce7e326b1c0d9fd144d8ed7c96313b53b_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portail-collections.imec-archives.com/ark:/29414/a0114540787131ZSeHI"><cite style="font-style:normal;">https://portail-collections.imec-archives.com/ark:/29414/a0114540787131ZSeHI</cite></a> »</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Albertini-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Albertini_2-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Albertini_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Pierre Albertini, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cairn.info/revue-vingtieme-siecle-revue-d-histoire-2006-4-page-81.htm">« Les juifs du lycée Condorcet dans la tourmente »</a>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_et_21_:_Revue_d%27histoire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 et 21 : Revue d'histoire">Vingtième Siècle : Revue d'histoire</a></i>, n°92, 2006/4, p. 81-100.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Painter1966"><span class="ouvrage" id="George_Painter1966"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_D._Painter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George D. Painter">George Painter</a>, <cite class="italique">Marcel Proust</cite>, Paris, Mercure de France, <time>1966</time>, tome I, p. 80<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marcel+Proust&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Mercure+de+France&rft.aulast=Painter&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1966&rft.pages=tome+I%2C+p.+80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://rhe.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/?q%3Dagregsecondaire_laureats%26nom%3DL%25C3%25A9on%2BBrunschvicg"><i>Les agrégés de l'enseignement secondaire. Répertoire 1809-1960</i></a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_5-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_5-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_5-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Charle1986"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christophe_Charle1986">Christophe <span class="nom_auteur">Charle</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">15. Brunschvicg (Léon)</cite> », <i>Publications de l'Institut national de recherche pédagogique</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 2,‎ <time>1986</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">44–45</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.persee.fr/doc/inrp_0298-5632_1986_ant_2_2_2708">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-07-21" data-sort-value="2020-07-21">21 juillet 2020</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=15.+Brunschvicg+%28L%C3%A9on%29&rft.jtitle=Publications+de+l%27Institut+national+de+recherche+p%C3%A9dagogique&rft.issue=2&rft.aulast=Charle&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft.date=1986&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=44%E2%80%9345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eslettres.bis-sorbonne.fr/notice/Doctorant/4905">https://eslettres.bis-sorbonne.fr/notice/Doctorant/4905</a>, consulté le 27 novembre 2023.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Léon Brunschvicg, <i>La modalité du jugement</i>, Paris, F.Alcan, 1897, 246p., URL : <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1184758g">https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1184758g</a>, consulté le 27 novembre 2023.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-bioMuriel-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bioMuriel_8-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bioMuriel_8-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bioMuriel_8-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Muriel Pichon, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cairn.info/revue-archives-juives1-2012-1-page-131.htm"><i>Cécile Brunschvicg née Kahn, féministe et ministre du Front populaire</i></a>, Archives Juives 2012/1 (Vol. 45), pages 131 à 134.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://8mars.info/cecile-brunschvicg">‘'Cécile Brunschvicg. Militante féministe, première femme ministre (1877-1946)</a>, sur 8mars.info.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cavailles.hypotheses.org/jean-cavailles/vie-de-jean-cavailles"><i>Vie de Jean Cavaillès</i></a>, Société des Amis de Jean Cavaillès.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sophie_Nordmann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sophie Nordmann">Sophie Nordmann</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://journals.openedition.org/asr/1151">Séminaire de philosophie juive contemporaine, conférence de l’année 2011-2012</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2018">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://academiesciencesmoralesetpolitiques.fr/les-academiciens-de-1832-a-nos-jours/les-academiciens-de-1832-a-nos-jours-section-i/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Les académiciens de 1832 à nos jours – Section I</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-03-18" data-sort-value="2018-03-18">18 mars 2018</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-03-22" data-sort-value="2023-03-22">22 mars 2023</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque_13-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque_13-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque_13-2">c</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque_13-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chaubet,_Actes_du_colloque">Chaubet, Actes du colloque</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-''Léon_Brunschwicg_:_l’œuvre_et_l'homme''13-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-''L%C3%A9on_Brunschwicg_:_l%E2%80%99%C5%93uvre_et_l'homme''13_14-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#''L%C3%A9on_Brunschwicg_:_l%E2%80%99%C5%93uvre_et_l'homme''"><i>Léon Brunschwicg : l’œuvre et l'homme</i></a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 13. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-''Léon_Brunschwicg_:_l’œuvre_et_l'homme''12-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-''L%C3%A9on_Brunschwicg_:_l%E2%80%99%C5%93uvre_et_l'homme''12_15-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#''L%C3%A9on_Brunschwicg_:_l%E2%80%99%C5%93uvre_et_l'homme''"><i>Léon Brunschwicg : l’œuvre et l'homme</i></a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 12. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Lucien Febvre, <i>Esprit européen et philosophie</i>, Annales. Economies, sociétés, civilisations. 3e année, n. 3, 1948. pp. 297- 301.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Romain Pudal, <i>La difficile réception de la philosophie analytique en France</i>, Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Humaines 2004/2, pages 69 à 100.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raymond_Aron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raymond Aron">Raymond Aron</a>, <i>Mémoires</i>, Robert Laffont, paris, 1983, p. 60.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sartre2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Paul_Sartre2003">Jean-Paul Sartre, <cite class="italique">La transcendance de l'Ego et autres textes phénoménologiques</cite>, Paris, VRIN, <time>2003</time>, 223 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2711616487?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2711616487"><span class="nowrap">2711616487</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+transcendance+de+l%27Ego+et+autres+textes+ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A9nologiques&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=VRIN&rft.aulast=Sartre&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=223&rft.isbn=2711616487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portail-collections.imec-archives.com/ark:/29414/a0114540787131ZSeHI"><cite style="font-style:normal;">IMEC : fonds Léon Brunschvicg</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">portail-collections.imec-archives.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-03-08" data-sort-value="2020-03-08">8 mars 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2009">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.diffusion.ens.fr/index.php?res%3Dcycles%26idcycle%3D473"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><i>De Brunschvicg à Bachelard</i></cite></a> », sur <span class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Paris)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="École normale supérieure (Paris)">École normale supérieure</a></span>, 6 et 7 février 2009</span>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Barancy2022"><span class="ouvrage" id="Félix_Barancy2022">Félix <span class="nom_auteur">Barancy</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Agir en éditant. Les éditions de Pascal dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle et la formation du canon philosophique</cite> », <i>Astérion. Philosophie, histoire des idées, pensée politique</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 26,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-08-18" data-sort-value="2022-08-18">18 août 2022</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1762-6110">1762-6110</a></span>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.4000/asterion.7927">10.4000/asterion.7927</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://journals.openedition.org/asterion/7927">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-09-14" data-sort-value="2024-09-14">14 septembre 2024</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Agir+en+%C3%A9ditant.+Les+%C3%A9ditions+de+Pascal+dans+la+seconde+moiti%C3%A9+du+XIXe+si%C3%A8cle+et+la+formation+du+canon+philosophique&rft.jtitle=Ast%C3%A9rion.+Philosophie%2C+histoire+des+id%C3%A9es%2C+pens%C3%A9e+politique&rft.issue=26&rft.aulast=Barancy&rft.aufirst=F%C3%A9lix&rft.date=2022-08-18&rft.issn=1762-6110&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fasterion.7927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Vita_Romeo2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Maria_Vita_Romeo2021">Maria Vita Romeo, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Le Pascal de Léon Brunschvicg</cite> », <i>Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale</i>,‎ <time>2021</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">321-336</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-de-metaphysique-et-de-morale-2021-3-page-321?lang%3Dfr">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Le+Pascal+de+L%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg&rft.jtitle=Revue+de+M%C3%A9taphysique+et+de+Morale&rft.au=Maria+Vita+Romeo&rft.date=2021&rft.pages=321-336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Boirel1964"><span class="ouvrage" id="René_Boirel1964">René Boirel, <cite class="italique">Brunschvicg : Sa vie, son œuvre avec un exposé de sa philosophie</cite>, Paris, PUF, <time>1964</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brunschvicg+%3A+Sa+vie%2C+son+%C5%93uvre+avec+un+expos%C3%A9+de+sa+philosophie&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=PUF&rft.aulast=Boirel&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft.date=1964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Deschoux1949"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marcel_Deschoux1949">Marcel Deschoux, <cite class="italique">La Philosophie de Léon Brunschvicg</cite>, Paris, PUF, <time>1949</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Philosophie+de+L%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=PUF&rft.aulast=Deschoux&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rft.date=1949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Fedi2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Laurent_Fedi2001">Laurent Fedi, <cite style="font-style:normal">« L’esprit en marche contre les codes : philosophie des sciences et dépassement du kantisme chez Léon Brunschvicg »</cite>, dans L. Fedi et J.-M. Salanskis (dir.), <cite class="italique">Les Philosophies françaises et la science : dialogue avec Kant</cite>, Lille, ENS éditions, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Cahiers d’Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 50), <time>2001</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">119-142</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Les+Philosophies+fran%C3%A7aises+et+la+science+%3A+dialogue+avec+Kant&rft.atitle=L%E2%80%99esprit+en+marche+contre+les+codes+%3A+philosophie+des+sciences+et+d%C3%A9passement+du+kantisme+chez+L%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg&rft.place=Lille&rft.pub=ENS+%C3%A9ditions&rft.aulast=Fedi&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rft.date=2001&rft.pages=119-142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Nizan1932"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul_Nizan1932"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Nizan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Nizan">Paul Nizan</a>, <cite class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Les_Chiens_de_garde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Les Chiens de garde">Les Chiens de garde</a></cite>, Paris, Les Éditions Rieder, <time>1932</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Chiens+de+garde&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Les+%C3%89ditions+Rieder&rft.aulast=Nizan&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="''Léon_Brunschwicg_:_l’œuvre_et_l'homme''">« <cite style="font-style:normal">Léon Brunschwicg : l’œuvre et l'homme</cite> », <i>Revue de métaphysique et de morale</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 50, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéros">n<sup>os</sup></abbr> 1-2,‎ <time>1945</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=L%C3%A9on+Brunschwicg+%3A+l%E2%80%99%C5%93uvre+et+l%27homme&rft.jtitle=Revue+de+m%C3%A9taphysique+et+de+morale&rft.issue=1-2&rft.date=1945&rft.volume=50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg"></span></span>, numéro spécial.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emmanuel_L%C3%A9vinas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel Lévinas">Emmanuel Lévinas</a> <span class="ouvrage" id="1949">« <cite style="font-style:normal">L'agenda de Léon Brunschwicg</cite> », <i>Evidences</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 50, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 2,‎ <time>1949</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=L%27agenda+de+L%C3%A9on+Brunschwicg&rft.jtitle=Evidences&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1949&rft.volume=50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg"></span></span>, Reproduit dans <span class="ouvrage" id="Lévinas1984"><span class="ouvrage" id="Emmanuel_Lévinas1984">Emmanuel Lévinas, <cite class="italique">Difficile liberté</cite>, Paris, Le Livre de poche, <time>1984</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Difficile+libert%C3%A9&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Le+Livre+de+poche&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vinas&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft.date=1984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%A9on+Brunschvicg"></span></span></span>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philosophie_des_sciences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philosophie des sciences">Philosophie des sciences</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Id%C3%A9alisme_fran%C3%A7ais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idéalisme français">Idéalisme français</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89pist%C3%A9mologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Épistémologie">Épistémologie</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressources relatives à la recherche<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951066?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/brunschvicg_leon/brunschvicg_leon.html">Les Classiques des sciences sociales</a></li> 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data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/48px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="48" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/72px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/96px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:XIXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:XIXe siècle">Portail du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span 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data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DL%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg%26oldid%3D219307850">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Léon_Brunschvicg&oldid=219307850</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Polmars" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1728454238"> <span>Dernière modification le 9 octobre 2024, à 07:10</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9on_Brunschvicg" title="Léon Brunschvicg – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Léon Brunschvicg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9on_Brunschvicg" title="Léon Brunschvicg – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Léon Brunschvicg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9on_Brunschvicg" title="Léon Brunschvicg – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Léon Brunschvicg" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9on_Brunschvicg" title="Léon Brunschvicg – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Léon Brunschvicg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A6%25D9%2588%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25DA%25AF" title="لئون برونشویگ – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لئون برونشویگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9on_Brunschvicg" title="Léon Brunschvicg – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Léon Brunschvicg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%25AC%25E3%2582%25AA%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2583%2596%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B7%25E3%2583%25A5%25E3%2583%25B4%25E3%2582%25A3%25E3%2583%2583%25E3%2582%25AF" title="レオン・ブランシュヴィック – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レオン・ブランシュヴィック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25A0%2588%25EC%2598%25B9_%25EB%25B8%258C%25EB%25A3%2585%25EC%258A%25A4%25EB%25B9%2584%25ED%2581%25AC" title="레옹 브룅스비크 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레옹 브룅스비크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9on_Brunschvicg" title="Léon Brunschvicg – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Léon Brunschvicg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9on_Brunschvicg" title="Léon Brunschvicg – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Léon Brunschvicg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9on_Brunschvicg" title="Léon Brunschvicg – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Léon Brunschvicg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9on_Brunschvicg" title="Léon Brunschvicg – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Léon Brunschvicg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D1%258E%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA,_%25D0%259B%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD" title="Брюнсвик, Леон – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брюнсвик, Леон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9on_Brunschvicg" title="Léon Brunschvicg – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Léon Brunschvicg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9on_Brunschvicg" title="Léon Brunschvicg – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Léon Brunschvicg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD_%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D2%2591" title="Леон Бренсвіґ – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Леон Бренсвіґ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258E%25B1%25E6%2598%2582%25C2%25B7%25E4%25B8%258D%25E4%25BC%25A6%25E7%2591%259E%25E5%2585%258B" title="莱昂·不伦瑞克 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莱昂·不伦瑞克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 9 octobre 2024 à 07:10.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a 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