CINXE.COM
നയോബിയം - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ml" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>നയോബിയം - വിക്കിപീഡിയ</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","ജനുവരി","ഫെബ്രുവരി","മാർച്ച്","ഏപ്രിൽ","മേയ്","ജൂൺ","ജൂലൈ","ഓഗസ്റ്റ്","സെപ്റ്റംബർ","ഒക്ടോബർ","നവംബർ","ഡിസംബർ"],"wgRequestId":"0b257f17-8330-418a-9156-bff035cb19f5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"നയോബിയം","wgTitle":"നയോബിയം","wgCurRevisionId":3635032,"wgRevisionId":3635032,"wgArticleId":35161,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the JsonConfig extension","മൂലകങ്ങൾ","സംക്രമണ ലോഹങ്ങൾ"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ml","wgPageContentLanguage":"ml","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"നയോബിയം","wgRelevantArticleId":35161,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Niobium","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ml","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ml"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1046","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile", "model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.2"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ml&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ml&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ml&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Nb%2C41.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="618"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Nb%2C41.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="412"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="330"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="നയോബിയം - വിക്കിപീഡിയ"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ml.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="തിരുത്തുക" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ (ml)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ml.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ml"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ ആറ്റം ഫീഡ്" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-നയോബിയം rootpage-നയോബിയം skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="സൈറ്റ്"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="പ്രധാന മെനു" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">പ്രധാന മെനു</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">പ്രധാന മെനു</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">സൈഡ്ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ഉള്ളടക്കം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രധാനതാൾ സന്ദർശിക്കുക [z]" accesskey="z"><span>പ്രധാന താൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-content-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയയുടെ ഉള്ളടക്ക പര്യവേക്ഷണം"><span>ഉള്ളടക്കം</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സമകാലീനസംഭവങ്ങളുടെ പശ്ചാത്തലം അന്വേഷിക്കുക"><span>സമകാലികം</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ പുതുതായി നിർമ്മിക്കപ്പെട്ട താളുകൾ"><span>പുതിയ താളുകൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="ഏതെങ്കിലും ഒരു താൾ തുറക്കൂ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ഏതെങ്കിലും താൾ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-participation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-participation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> പങ്കാളിത്തം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-startarticle" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="പുതിയ ഒരു ലേഖനം തുടങ്ങുവാൻ"><span>ലേഖനം തുടങ്ങുക</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിയിലെ സമീപകാലമാറ്റങ്ങൾ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>സമീപകാല മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="പദ്ധതി താളിനെക്കുറിച്ച്, താങ്കൾക്കെന്തൊക്കെ ചെയ്യാം, കാര്യങ്ങൾ എവിടെനിന്ന് കണ്ടെത്താം"><span>സാമൂഹികകവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-portal-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82"><span>കവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-panchayat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്ലോഡ്" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്ലോഡ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഈ ഐ.പി. വിലാസത്തിൽനിന്നുള്ള തിരുത്തലുകളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള സംവാദം [n]" accesskey="n"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eഒഴിവാക്കുക\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ml\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable width=\"100%;\" align=\"center\" style=\"background:#EAF6FD;text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Csmall\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReading Problems?\u003C/b\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:To_Read_in_Malayalam\" title=\"സഹായം:To Read in Malayalam\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EClick here\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/small\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"width:98%; margin:5px auto; border: 1px solid #fff640; border-style: outset; box-shadow:2px 2px 4px #aaa; padding:13px 15px; background:linear-gradient(to right, #f0cdd6 1%,#ffffff 29%,#ffffff 68%,#d0f1f9 99%); font-size:1.1em;\"\u003E\n\u003Cfigure class=\"mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Notepad_icon.png\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Notepad_icon.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"66\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"71\" data-file-height=\"59\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003E\u003C/figcaption\u003E\u003C/figure\u003E \n\u003Cfigure class=\"mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:WAM_logo_without_text.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/80px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"86\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/120px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/160px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"859\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003E\u003C/figcaption\u003E\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003E \n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:WAM2024\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"വിക്കിപീഡിയ:WAM2024\"\u003Eവിക്കിപീഡിയ എഷ്യൻമാസം 2024\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E \u003Cbr /\u003E2015ൽ ആരംഭിച്ച ഏഷ്യയിലുള്ള വിവിധ ഭാഷാസമൂഹങ്ങൾ പങ്കെടുക്കുന്ന ലേഖന രചനായജ്ഞമാണ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ ഏഷ്യൻ മാസം.\u003Cbr /\u003E 1 നവംബർ മുതൽ 30 നവംബർ വരെ \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:WAM2024\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"വിക്കിപീഡിയ:WAM2024\"\u003Eപങ്കുചേരൂ\u003C/a\u003E..\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E \n\u003Cstyle data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r4107485\"\u003E.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}\u003C/style\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks ombox ombox-notice\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"\u0026quot;width:90%; margin:0 auto; border: 1px solid #666; padding:10px 15px; background; background:linear-gradient(to bottom, #f7fbfc 0%,#d9edf2 40%,#EAF6FD 100%); font-size:1.1em;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Wikisource_laurier.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikisource_laurier.svg/50px-Wikisource_laurier.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"46\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikisource_laurier.svg/75px-Wikisource_laurier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikisource_laurier.svg/100px-Wikisource_laurier.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"127\" data-file-height=\"116\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003Eപള്ളിക്കൂടത്തിലേക്ക് വീണ്ടും \u003Cbr /\u003E പഴയ മലയാളം പാഠപുസ്തകങ്ങൾ ഡിജിറ്റൈസ് ചെയ്യാനുള്ള വിക്കിഗ്രന്ഥശാല പദ്ധതി നടക്കുന്നു. പങ്കെടുക്കുക.\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://w.wiki/BpRA\"\u003Eകൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾ\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="സൈറ്റ്"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ഉള്ളടക്കം</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">സൈഡ്ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">തുടക്കം</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ_സ്വഭാവസവിശേഷതകൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ_സ്വഭാവസവിശേഷതകൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ സ്വഭാവസവിശേഷതകൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ_സ്വഭാവസവിശേഷതകൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ഉപയോഗങ്ങൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ഉപയോഗങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ഉപയോഗങ്ങൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ഉപയോഗങ്ങൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ചരിത്രം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ചരിത്രം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ചരിത്രം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ചരിത്രം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-അവലംബം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#അവലംബം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>അവലംബം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-അവലംബം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">നയോബിയം</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 143 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-143" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">143 ഭാഷകൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – ആഫ്രിക്കാൻസ്" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ആഫ്രിക്കാൻസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AE%E1%89%A2%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ኒዮቢየም – അംഹാരിക്" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኒዮቢየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="അംഹാരിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – അരഗോണീസ്" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="അരഗോണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="نيوبيوم – അറബിക്" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيوبيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="അറബിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="نيوبيوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نيوبيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="نيوبيوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيوبيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiu" title="Niobiu – അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Niobiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobel" title="Niobel – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Niobel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – അസർബൈജാനി" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="അസർബൈജാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – ബാലിനീസ്" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="ബാലിനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobyo" title="Niobyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Niobyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Ніобій – ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ніобій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Ніоб – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ніоб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – ബൾഗേറിയൻ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ബൾഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नियोबियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नियोबियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="নাইওবিয়াম – ബംഗ്ലാ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাইওবিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ബംഗ്ലാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ནེའོ་བྷིམ་། – ടിബറ്റൻ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནེའོ་བྷིམ་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ടിബറ്റൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiom" title="Niobiom – ബ്രെട്ടൺ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Niobiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ബ്രെട്ടൺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij – ബോസ്നിയൻ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Niobij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ബോസ്നിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi – കറ്റാലാൻ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Niobi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="കറ്റാലാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyobyo" title="Niyobyo – സെബുവാനോ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Niyobyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="സെബുവാനോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="نیۆبیۆم – സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیۆبیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiu" title="Niobiu – കോർസിക്കൻ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Niobiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="കോർസിക്കൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niob" title="Niob – ചെക്ക്" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Niob" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ചെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – ചുവാഷ്" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ചുവാഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiwm" title="Niobiwm – വെൽഷ്" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Niobiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="വെൽഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – ഡാനിഷ്" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ഡാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niob" title="Niob – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Niob" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νιόβιο – ഗ്രീക്ക്" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νιόβιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ഗ്രീക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobo_(elemento)" title="Niobo (elemento) – എസ്പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Niobo (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – സ്പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nioobium" title="Nioobium – എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nioobium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – ബാസ്ക്" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ബാസ്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85" title="نیوبیم – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیوبیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – ഫിന്നിഷ്" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ഫിന്നിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – ഫ്രഞ്ച്" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രഞ്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nioobium" title="Nioobium – നോർത്തേൻ ഫ്രിഷ്യൻ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nioobium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="നോർത്തേൻ ഫ്രിഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi – ഫ്രിയുലിയാൻ" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Niobi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രിയുലിയാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niaibiam" title="Niaibiam – ഐറിഷ്" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Niaibiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ഐറിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – സ്കോട്ടിഷ് ഗൈലിക്" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="സ്കോട്ടിഷ് ഗൈലിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – ഗലീഷ്യൻ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ഗലീഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="નાયોબિયમ – ഗുജറാത്തി" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નાયોબિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ഗുജറാത്തി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neeobium" title="Neeobium – മാൻസ്" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Neeobium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="മാൻസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ניאוביום – ഹീബ്രു" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניאוביום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ഹീബ്രു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नायोबियम – ഹിന്ദി" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नायोबियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ഹിന്ദി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij – ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Niobij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyoby%C3%B2m" title="Nyobyòm – ഹെയ്തിയൻ ക്രിയോൾ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nyobyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ഹെയ്തിയൻ ക്രിയോൾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B3bium" title="Nióbium – ഹംഗേറിയൻ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nióbium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ഹംഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Նիոբիում – അർമേനിയൻ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիոբիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="അർമേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – ഇന്റർലിംഗ്വ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ഇന്റർലിംഗ്വ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – ഇഡോ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ഇഡോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B3b%C3%ADn" title="Níóbín – ഐസ്ലാൻഡിക്" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Níóbín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ഐസ്ലാൻഡിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96" title="ニオブ – ജാപ്പനീസ്" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニオブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ജാപ്പനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrni,obi" title="jinmrni,obi – ലോജ്ബാൻ" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrni,obi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ലോജ്ബാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – ജാവനീസ്" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ജാവനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ნიობიუმი – ജോർജിയൻ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიობიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ജോർജിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%A9y%C9%94b%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Nɩyɔbɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Nɩyɔbɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – കസാഖ്" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="കസാഖ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ನಿಯೋಬಿಯಮ್ – കന്നഡ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಿಯೋಬಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="കന്നഡ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%B8%80" title="나이오븀 – കൊറിയൻ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나이오븀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="കൊറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyoby%C3%BBm" title="Niyobyûm – കുർദ്ദിഷ്" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Niyobyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="കുർദ്ദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – കോമി" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="കോമി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiom" title="Niobiom – കോർണിഷ്" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Niobiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="കോർണിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – കിർഗിസ്" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="കിർഗിസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – ലാറ്റിൻ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റിൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niob" title="Niob – ലക്സംബർഗിഷ്" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Niob" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ലക്സംബർഗിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – ലിംബർഗിഷ്" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ലിംബർഗിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – ലൊംബാർഡ്" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ലൊംബാർഡ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobis" title="Niobis – ലിത്വാനിയൻ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Niobis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ലിത്വാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobijs" title="Niobijs – ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Niobijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Ниоби – മോക്ഷ" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ниоби" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="മോക്ഷ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B4bioma" title="Niôbioma – മലഗാസി" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Niôbioma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="മലഗാസി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ниобиум – മാസിഡോണിയൻ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ниобиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="മാസിഡോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Ниоби – മംഗോളിയൻ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ниоби" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="മംഗോളിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नायोबियम – മറാത്തി" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नायोबियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="മറാത്തി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – മലെയ്" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="മലെയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="နိုင်အိုဘီယမ် – ബർമീസ്" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုင်အိုဘီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ബർമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nextictepoztli" title="Nextictepoztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Nextictepoztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नायोबियम – നേവാരി" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नायोबियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="നേവാരി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niob" title="Niob – നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്സ്" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Niob" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niob" title="Niob – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Niob" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B2bi" title="Niòbi – ഓക്സിറ്റൻ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Niòbi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ഓക്സിറ്റൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobii" title="Niobii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Niobii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ନିଓବିଅମ – ഒഡിയ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନିଓବିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ഒഡിയ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – ഒസ്സെറ്റിക്" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ഒസ്സെറ്റിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਨਾਇਓਬੀਅਮ – പഞ്ചാബി" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਇਓਬੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="പഞ്ചാബി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नायोबियम – പാലി" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="नायोबियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="പാലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niob" title="Niob – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niob" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B2bio" title="Niòbio – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Niòbio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85" title="نیوبیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیوبیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="نايوبيوم – പഷ്തോ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نايوبيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="പഷ്തോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B3bio" title="Nióbio – പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nióbio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwpiyu" title="Niwpiyu – ക്വെച്ചുവ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Niwpiyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ക്വെച്ചുവ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiu" title="Niobiu – റൊമാനിയൻ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Niobiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="റൊമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiu" title="Niobiu – ആരോമാനിയൻ" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Niobiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="ആരോമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नायोबियम – സംസ്കൃതം" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नायोबियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="സംസ്കൃതം" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B2biu" title="Niòbiu – സർഡിനിയാൻ" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Niòbiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="സർഡിനിയാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiu" title="Niobiu – സിസിലിയൻ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Niobiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="സിസിലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – സ്കോട്സ്" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="സ്കോട്സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobijum" title="Niobijum – സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Niobijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B3b" title="Niób – സ്ലോവാക്" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Niób" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവാക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij – സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Niobij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyobiyaam" title="Niyobiyaam – സോമാലി" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Niyobiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="സോമാലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiumi" title="Niobiumi – അൽബേനിയൻ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Niobiumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="അൽബേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ниобијум – സെർബിയൻ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ниобијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="സെർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – സുണ്ടാനീസ്" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="സുണ്ടാനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niob" title="Niob – സ്വീഡിഷ്" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Niob" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="സ്വീഡിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi – സ്വാഹിലി" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Niobi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="സ്വാഹിലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நையோபியம் – തമിഴ്" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நையோபியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="തമിഴ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="నియోబియం – തെലുങ്ക്" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నియోబియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="തെലുങ്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – താജിക്" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="താജിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ไนโอเบียม – തായ്" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไนโอเบียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="തായ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyobyo" title="Niyobyo – തഗാലോഗ്" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Niyobyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="തഗാലോഗ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyobyum" title="Niyobyum – ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Niyobyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – ടാട്ടർ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ടാട്ടർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%89%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%8A" title="نىئوبىي – ഉയ്ഘുർ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نىئوبىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ഉയ്ഘുർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Ніобій – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ніобій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="نیوبیئم – ഉറുദു" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیوبیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ഉറുദു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiy" title="Niobiy – ഉസ്ബെക്ക്" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Niobiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ഉസ്ബെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobii" title="Niobii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Niobii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi – വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Niobi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobyo" title="Niobyo – വാരേയ്" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Niobyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="വാരേയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌 – വു ചൈനീസ്" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="വു ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ниобиум – കാൽമിക്" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ниобиум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="കാൽമിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ניאביום – യിദ്ദിഷ്" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניאביום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="യിദ്ദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – യൊറൂബാ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="യൊറൂബാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌 – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%88%AE" title="鈮 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鈮" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%88%AE" title="鈮 – കാന്റണീസ്" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鈮" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="കാന്റണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INobo" title="INobo – സുലു" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INobo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="സുലു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1046#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="അന്തർഭാഷാ കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക" class="wbc-editpage">കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="നാമമേഖലകൾ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="വിവരദായക താൾ കാണുക [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ലേഖനം</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="വിവരദായക താളിനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ചർച്ച (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ഭാഷയുടെ ചരം മാറ്റുക" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">മലയാളം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ദർശനീയത"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82"><span>വായിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=edit" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ മൂലരൂപം തിരുത്തുക [e]" accesskey="e"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=history" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ പഴയ പതിപ്പുകൾ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>നാൾവഴി കാണുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">സൈഡ്ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82"><span>വായിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=edit" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ മൂലരൂപം തിരുത്തുക [e]" accesskey="e"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=history"><span>നാൾവഴി കാണുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> സാർവത്രികം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഈ താളിലേക്കു കണ്ണിയാൽ ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്ന എല്ലാ വിക്കി താളുകളുടേയും പട്ടിക. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ഈ താളിലേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" rel="nofollow" title="താളുകളിലെ പുതിയ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>അനുബന്ധ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/വിക്കിപീഡിയ:അപ്ലോഡ്" title="പ്രമാണങ്ങൾ അപ്ലോഡ് ചെയ്യുവാൻ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>അപ്ലോഡ്</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രത്യേകതാളുകളുടെ പട്ടിക [q]" accesskey="q"><span>പ്രത്യേക താളുകൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&oldid=3635032" title="താളിന്റെ ഈ പതിപ്പിന്റെ സ്ഥിരം കണ്ണി"><span>സ്ഥിരംകണ്ണി</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=info" title="ഈ താളിനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള കൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾ"><span>താളിന്റെ വിവരങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82&page=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&id=3635032&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ഈ താളിനെ എങ്ങനെ അവലംബിതമാക്കാം എന്ന വിവരങ്ങൾ"><span>ഈ താൾ ഉദ്ധരിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fml.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25AC%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%2582"><span>ചെറുതാക്കിയ യൂ.ആർ.എൽ. ലഭ്യമാക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fml.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25AC%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%2582"><span>ക്യൂആർ കോഡ് ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> അച്ചടിയ്ക്കുക/കയറ്റുമതി ചെയ്യുക </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82"><span>പുസ്തകം സൃഷ്ടിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ആയി ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&printable=yes" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ അച്ചടി രൂപം [p]" accesskey="p"><span>അച്ചടിരൂപം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ഇതരപദ്ധതികളിൽ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Niobium" hreflang="en"><span>വിക്കിമീഡിയ കോമൺസ്</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1046" title="ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ഡേറ്റാ ശേഖര ഇനത്തിലേയ്ക്കുള്ള കണ്ണി [g]" accesskey="g"><span>വിക്കിഡേറ്റ ഇനം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">സൈഡ്ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Niobium&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Niobium">Niobium</a> എന്ന താളിൽ നിന്നും തിരിച്ചുവിട്ടതു പ്രകാരം)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ml" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"> <div id="purl" class="NavFrame collapsed" style="float: right; font-size: 85%; position: absolute; top: -4em; right: 0; width: auto; background: #eae9e9;"> <div class="NavHead" style="padding: 1px 8px;"><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium">ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Prettyurl#ഉപയോഗക്രമം" title="സഹായം"><img alt="സഹായം" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></b> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background:#eae9e9; width:auto"><span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap; overflow: hidden"><a class="external free" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium">https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <table class="wikitable" align="right" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0 0 0.5em 0.5em"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold">41</span> </td> <td align="center" style="padding-left:2em"><span style="font-size: 95%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സിർകോണിയം">സിർകോണിയം</a></span> ← <span style="font-size: 120%">നയോബിയം</span> → <span style="font-size: 95%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" class="mw-redirect" title="മോളിബ്ഡിനം">മോളിബ്ഡിനം</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanadium">V</a></span><br />↑<br /><span style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold">Nb</span><br />↓<br /><span style="font-size: 95%"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantalum">Ta</a></span> </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Nb-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Nb-TableImage.svg/300px-Nb-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Nb-TableImage.svg/450px-Nb-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Nb-TableImage.svg/600px-Nb-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="203" /></a></span><div align="center"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക">ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക</a> - <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table_(extended)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodic table (extended)"> വികസിത ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:black">വിവരണം </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_elements_by_name" class="mw-redirect" title="List of elements by name">പേര്</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_elements_by_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="List of elements by symbol">പ്രതീകം</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_elements_by_atomic_number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of elements by atomic number (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">അണുസംഖ്യ</a> </td> <td>നയോബിയം, Nb, 41 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="കുടുംബം (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">കുടുംബം</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="സംക്രമണ ലോഹങ്ങൾ">സംക്രമണ ലോഹങ്ങൾ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95)" title="ഗ്രൂപ്പ് (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക)">ഗ്രൂപ്പ്</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95)" class="mw-redirect" title="പിരീഡ് (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക)">പിരീഡ്</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ബ്ലോക്ക് (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ബ്ലോക്ക്</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_5_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 5 element (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">5</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_5_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period 5 element (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">5</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=D-block&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D-block (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">d</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Color" class="mw-redirect" title="Color">Appearance</a></td> <td>gray metallic <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Nb,41.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nb%2C41.jpg/125px-Nb%2C41.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nb%2C41.jpg/188px-Nb%2C41.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nb%2C41.jpg/250px-Nb%2C41.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="309" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="സാധാരണ ആറ്റോമിക ഭാരം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">സാധാരണ ആറ്റോമിക ഭാരം</a></td> <td>92.90638<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_elements_by_atomic_mass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of elements by atomic mass (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">(2)</a>  g·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="ഇലക്ട്രോൺ വിന്യാസം">ഇലക്ട്രോൺ വിന്യാസം</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Krypton" class="mw-redirect" title="Krypton">Kr</a>] 4d<sup>4</sup> 5s<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_shell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron shell (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഓരോ ഷെല്ലിലേയും</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ഇലക്ട്രോൺ">ഇലക്ട്രോണുകൾ</a></td> <td>2, 8, 18, 12, 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:black">ഭൗതികസ്വഭാവങ്ങൾ </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phase_(matter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phase (matter) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Phase</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solid" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid">solid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="സാന്ദ്രത">സാന്ദ്രത</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Room_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Room temperature">r.t.</a>)</td> <td>8.57  g·cm<sup>−3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ദ്രവണാങ്കം">ദ്രവണാങ്കം</a></td> <td>2750 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvin">K</a><br />(2477 °<a href="/wiki/Celsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Celsius">C</a>, 4491 °<a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fahrenheit">F</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ക്വഥനാങ്കം">ക്വഥനാങ്കം</a></td> <td>5017 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvin">K</a><br />(4744 °<a href="/wiki/Celsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Celsius">C</a>, 8571 °<a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fahrenheit">F</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ദ്രവീകരണ ലീനതാപം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ദ്രവീകരണ ലീനതാപം</a></td> <td>30  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joule_per_mole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joule per mole (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ബാഷ്പീകരണ ലീനതാപം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ബാഷ്പീകരണ ലീനതാപം</a></td> <td>689.9  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joule_per_mole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joule per mole (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heat_capacity" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat capacity">Heat capacity</a></td> <td>(25 °C) 24.60  J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vapor_pressure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vapor pressure (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Vapor pressure</a> </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><i>P</i>(Pa)</td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>100</td> <td>1 k</td> <td>10 k</td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>at <i>T</i>(K)</td> <td>2942</td> <td>3207</td> <td>3524</td> <td>3910</td> <td>4393</td> <td>5013 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:black">Atomic properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8" title="ക്രിസ്റ്റൽ ഘടന">ക്രിസ്റ്റൽ ഘടന</a></td> <td>cubic body centered </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഓക്സീകരണാവസ്ഥകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഓക്സീകരണാവസ്ഥകൾ</a></td> <td>5, 4,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3, 2,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(mildly <a href="/wiki/Acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid">acidic</a> oxide) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%A4" title="വിദ്യുത് ഋണത">ഇലക്ട്രോനെഗറ്റീവിറ്റി</a></td> <td>1.6 (Pauling scale) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%8A%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="അയോണീകരണ ഊർജ്ജം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">അയോണീകരണ<br /> ഊർജ്ജങ്ങൾ</a><br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energies_of_the_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionization energies of the elements (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">more</a>) </td> <td>1st:  652.1  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilojoule_per_mole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilojoule per mole (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd:  1380  kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd:  2416  kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atomic_radius" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic radius">Atomic radius</a></td> <td>145  <a href="/wiki/Picometre" class="mw-redirect" title="Picometre">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Atomic radius (calc.)</td> <td>198  pm </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Covalent_radius" class="mw-redirect" title="Covalent radius">Covalent radius</a></td> <td>137  pm </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:black">Miscellaneous </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnetism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetism">Magnetic ordering</a></td> <td>no data </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82" class="mw-redirect" title="വൈദ്യുത പ്രതിരോധം">വൈദ്യുത പ്രതിരോധം</a></td> <td>(0 °C) 152 nΩ·m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="താപ ചാലകത">താപ ചാലകത</a></td> <td>(300 K) 53.7  W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coefficient_of_thermal_expansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coefficient of thermal expansion (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Thermal expansion</a></td> <td>(25 °C) 7.3  µm·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Speed of sound">Speed of sound</a> (thin rod)</td> <td>(20 °C) 3480 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metre_per_second&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metre per second (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">m/s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Young%27s_modulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Young's modulus">Young's modulus</a></td> <td>105  GPa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shear_modulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shear modulus (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Shear modulus</a></td> <td>38  GPa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulk_modulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulk modulus">Bulk modulus</a></td> <td>170  GPa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poisson%27s_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisson's ratio">Poisson ratio</a></td> <td>0.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs hardness</a></td> <td>6.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vickers_hardness_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vickers hardness test (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Vickers hardness</a></td> <td>1320  MPa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brinell_hardness_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brinell hardness test (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Brinell hardness</a></td> <td>736  MPa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CAS_registry_number" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS registry number">CAS registry number</a></td> <td>7440-03-1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:black">Selected isotopes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"> <caption>Main article: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotopes of നയോബിയം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Isotopes of നയോബിയം</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotope">iso</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_abundance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural abundance (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">NA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Half-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-life">half-life</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_mode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decay mode (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">DM</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decay energy (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">DE</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronvolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electronvolt (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">MeV</a>)</small> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_product&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decay product (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">DP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>91</sup>Nb </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_radioisotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic radioisotope (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">syn</a> </td> <td>6.8×10² y </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_capture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron capture (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ε</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td><sup>91</sup><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>91<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_isomer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear isomer (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">m</a></sup>Nb </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_radioisotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic radioisotope (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">syn</a> </td> <td>60.86 d </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isomeric_transition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isomeric transition (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">IT</a> </td> <td>0.104<a href="/w/index.php?title=Conversion_electron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conversion electron (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">e</a> </td> <td><sup>91</sup>Nb </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><sup>92</sup>Nb </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_radioisotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic radioisotope (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">syn</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">10.15 d </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_capture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron capture (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ε</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td><sup>92</sup><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma ray">γ</a> </td> <td>0.934 </td> <td><sup></sup>- </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><sup>92</sup>Nb </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_radioisotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic radioisotope (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">syn</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">3.47×10<sup>7</sup>y </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_capture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron capture (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ε</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td><sup>92</sup><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma ray">γ</a> </td> <td>0.561, 0.934 </td> <td><sup></sup>- </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>93</sup>Nb </th> <td style="text-align:right">100% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stable_isotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stable isotope (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">stable</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>93<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_isomer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear isomer (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">m</a></sup>Nb </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_radioisotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic radioisotope (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">syn</a> </td> <td>16.13 y </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isomeric_transition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isomeric transition (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">IT</a> </td> <td>0.031<a href="/w/index.php?title=Conversion_electron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conversion electron (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">e</a> </td> <td><sup>93</sup>Nb </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><sup>94</sup>Nb </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_radioisotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic radioisotope (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">syn</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">2.03×10<sup>4</sup> y </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta_emission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beta emission (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">β<sup>-</sup></a> </td> <td>0.471 </td> <td><sup>94</sup><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma ray">γ</a> </td> <td>0.702, 0.871 </td> <td><sup></sup>- </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><sup>95</sup>Nb </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_radioisotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic radioisotope (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">syn</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">34.991 d </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta_emission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beta emission (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">β<sup>-</sup></a> </td> <td>0.159 </td> <td><sup>95</sup><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma ray">γ</a> </td> <td>0.765 </td> <td><sup></sup>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>95<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_isomer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear isomer (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">m</a></sup>Nb </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_radioisotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic radioisotope (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">syn</a> </td> <td>3.61 d </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isomeric_transition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isomeric transition (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">IT</a> </td> <td>0.235 </td> <td><sup>95</sup>Nb </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:black"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_elements_data_references&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemical elements data references (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">അവലംബങ്ങൾ</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="അണുസംഖ്യ">അണുസംഖ്യ</a> 41 ആയ മൂലകമാണ് <b>നയോബിയം</b> അല്ലെങ്കിലിൽ <b>കൊളംബിയം</b>. <b>Nb</b> ആണ് ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടികയിലെ ഇതിന്റെ പ്രതീകം. മൃദുവും ചാരനിറമുള്ളതുമാണ് അപൂർവമായ ഈ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="സംക്രമണ ലോഹം">സംക്രമണ ലോഹം</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="പൈറോക്ലോർ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">പൈറോക്ലോർ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="കൊളംബൈറ്റ് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">കൊളംബൈറ്റ്</a> എന്നീ ധാതുക്കളിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="കൊളംബൈറ്റ് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">കൊളംബൈറ്റ്</a> ധാതുവിലാണ് ആദ്യമായി ഈ മൂലകം കണ്ടെത്തിയതെന്നതിനാൽ കൊളംബിയം എന്നായിരുന്നു ഇതിന്റെ ആദ്യനാമം. പിന്നീട് മൂലകത്തിന്റെ പേര് നയോബിയം എന്നും കൊളംബൈറ്റ് ധാതുവിന്റെ പേര് നയോബൈറ്റ് എന്നും മാറ്റപ്പെട്ടു. പ്രത്യേകതരം <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ഉരുക്ക്">ഉരുക്ക്</a> സങ്കരങ്ങൾ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="വെൽഡിങ്">വെൽഡിങ്</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%B5_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ആണവ വ്യവസായം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ആണവ വ്യവസായം</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6_%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="പ്രകാശ ശാസ്ത്രം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">പ്രകാശ ശാസ്ത്രം</a>, ആഭരണങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയിൽ ഈ മൂലകം ഉപയോഗിക്കാറുണ്ട്. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ_സ്വഭാവസവിശേഷതകൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.B6.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.A6.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A7.E0.B5.87.E0.B4.AF.E0.B4.AE.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.AF_.E0.B4.B8.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.AD.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.B8.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.B6.E0.B5.87.E0.B4.B7.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ സ്വഭാവസവിശേഷതകൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=edit&section=1" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ സ്വഭാവസവിശേഷതകൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>നയോബിയം തിളങ്ങുന്ന ചാരനിറമുള്ളതും <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="ഡക്ടിലിറ്റി">ഡക്ടൈലുമായ</a> ഒരു മൂലകമാണ്. റൂംതാപനിലയിൽ അധികസമയം വായുവുമായി സമ്പർക്കത്തിൽ വരുമ്പോൾ ഇതിന്റെ നിറം ചെറിയ അളവിൽ നീലകലർന്നതാകുന്നു. ആവർത്തനപ്പറ്റികയിൽ തൊട്ടുതാഴെ വരുന്ന മൂലകമായ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ടാന്റാലിയം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ടാന്റാലിയവും</a> നയോബിയവും രാസസ്വഭാവങ്ങൾ ഏകദേശം സദൃശ്യമാണ്. </p><p>വായുവിൽ 200 °C മുതൽ ഈ ലോഹം ഓക്സീകരിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു. +3, +5 എന്നിവയാണ് ഇതിന്റെ ഏറ്റവും സാധാരണമാഉഅ ഓക്സീകരണാവസ്ഥകൾ. മറ്റ് ഓക്സീകരണാവസ്ഥകളും കണ്ടെത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ഉപയോഗങ്ങൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.89.E0.B4.AA.E0.B4.AF.E0.B5.8B.E0.B4.97.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.BE"></span>ഉപയോഗങ്ങൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=edit&section=2" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ഉപയോഗങ്ങൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>നയോബിയത്തിന് പല ഉപയോഗങ്ങളുമുണ്ട്. ചിലതരം <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="തുരുമ്പിക്കാത്ത ഉരുക്ക് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">തുരുമ്പിക്കാത്ത ഉരുക്കുകളിലേയും</a> ഇരുമ്പിതര ലോഹസങ്കരങ്ങളിലേയും ഘടകമാണിത്. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BD.%E0%B4%8E_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="എച്.എസ്.എൽ.എ ഉരുക്ക് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">എച്.എസ്.എൽ.എ ഉരുക്കിലെ</a> ഒരു പ്രധാന ഘടകമാണിത്. ആധുനിക വാഹനങ്ങളുടെ നിർമ്മാണത്തിലാണ് ഇത് പ്രധാനമായും ഉപയോഗിക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്. മറ്റ് ഉപയോഗങ്ങൾ </p> <ul><li>ചിലതരം തുരുമ്പിക്കാത്ത ഉരുക്കുകൾക്ക് വേണ്ടിയുള്ള ആർക്ക് വെൽഡിങ് ദണ്ഡുകളിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു</li> <li>ആണവ വ്യവസായത്തിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="കപ്പാസിറ്റർ">കപ്പാസിറ്ററുകളിൽ</a> ടാന്റാലത്തിന് പകരമായി നയോബിയം ഉപയോഗിക്കാമൊയെന്നകാര്യം പഠിച്ചുവരുകയാണ്.</li> <li>ഉയർന്ന ശുദ്ധതയുള്ള ഫെറോനയോബിയത്തിന്റേയും നിക്കൽ നയോബിയത്തിന്റെയും രൂപത്തിൽ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD" title="നിക്കൽ">നിക്കൽ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="കൊബാൾട്ട്">കൊബാൾട്ട്</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇരുമ്പ്">ഇരുമ്പ്</a> എന്നിവയുടെ അതിലോഹസങ്കരങ്ങളിൽ (superalloy) നയോബിയം ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. ജെറ്റ് എഞ്ചിനുകളിലും റോക്കറ്റുകളിലും മറ്റുമാണ് ഈ സങ്കരം ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നത്.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ചരിത്രം"><span id=".E0.B4.9A.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.82"></span>ചരിത്രം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=edit&section=3" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ചരിത്രം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1801ൽ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="ബ്രിട്ടൻ">ബ്രിട്ടീഷ്</a> ശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞൻ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ചാൾസ് ഹാച്ചറ്റ് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ചാൾസ് ഹാച്ചറ്റ്</a> നയോബിയം കണ്ടെത്തി. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" class="mw-redirect" title="അമേരിക്ക">അമേരിക്കയിലെ</a> കണക്റ്റിക്യൂട്ടിൽ നിന്ന് ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലേക്കയച്ച <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="കൊളംബൈറ്റ് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">കൊളംബൈറ്റ്</a> അയിരിൽനിന്നാണ് അദ്ദേഹം പുതിയ മൂലകം കണ്ടെത്തിയത്. എന്നാൽ നയോബിയവും അതുമായി വളരെ സാമ്യമുള്ള <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ടാന്റാലിയം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ടാന്റാലവും</a> തമ്മിലുള്ള വ്യത്യാസത്തേക്കുറിച്ച് അന്ന് ഒരു ആശയക്കുഴപ്പമുണ്ടായി. 1846ൽ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഹെൻറിച്ച് റോസ് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഹെൻറിച്ച് റോസ്</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ജീൻ ചാൾസ് ഗലിസ്സാർഡ് ഡി മരിഗ്നാക്ക് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ജീൻ ചാൾസ് ഗലിസ്സാർഡ് ഡി മരിഗ്നാക്ക്</a> എന്നിവർ സ്വതന്ത്രമായ പരീക്ഷണങ്ങളിലൂടെ നയോബിയം കണ്ടെത്തിയതോടെ ആ ആശയക്കുഴപ്പത്തിന് അറുതിയായി. എന്നാൽ ഹാച്ചറ്റിന്റെ കണ്ടുപിടിത്തത്തേക്കുറിച്ച് അറിവില്ലാതിരുന്നതിനാൽ അവർ മൂലകത്തിന് നയോബിയം എന്ന പുതിയ പേരിട്ടു. 1846ൽ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ക്രിസ്റ്റ്യൻ ബ്ലൊംസ്ട്രാന്റ് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ക്രിസ്റ്റ്യൻ ബ്ലൊംസ്ട്രാന്റ്</a> ആണ് ആദ്യമായി ശുദ്ധരൂപത്തിൽ നയോബിയം വേർതിരിച്ചെടുന്നത്. നയോബിയം ക്ലോറൈഡിനെ ഹൈഡ്രജന്റെ സാന്നിദ്ധ്യത്തിൽ താപം കൊടുത്ത് നിരോക്സീകരിക്ക വഴിയായിരുന്നു അത്. </p><p><b>Cb</b> എന്ന പ്രതീകത്തോടെ കൊളംബിയം എന്ന പേരാണ് മൂലകം ആദ്യമായി കണ്ടെത്തിയ ഹാച്ചെറ്റ് നിർദ്ദേശിച്ചത്. ഏത പേര് സ്വീകരിക്കണം എന്ന കാര്യത്തിൽ 100 വർഷം നിലനിന്ന വിവാദത്തിന് ശേഷം 1950ൽ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ യൂണിയൻ ഓഫ് പ്യുവർ ആന്റ് അപ്പ്ലൈഡ് കെമിസ്ട്രി (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ യൂണിയൻ ഓഫ് പ്യുവർ ആന്റ് അപ്പ്ലൈഡ് കെമിസ്ട്രി</a> നയോബിയം എന്ന പേര് സ്വീകരിച്ചു. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="അവലംബം"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.82"></span>അവലംബം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&action=edit&section=4" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അവലംബം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123591">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/Nb/F4Nb1-13842881.html">"Niobium: niobium(IV) fluoride compound data"</a>. WebElements.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niobium%3A+niobium%28IV%29+fluoride+compound+data&rft.pub=WebElements.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Fwebelements%2Fcompounds%2Ftext%2FNb%2FF4Nb1-13842881.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/Nb/Nb1O1-12034570.html">"Niobium: niobium(II) oxide compound data"</a>. WebElements.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niobium%3A+niobium%28II%29+oxide+compound+data&rft.pub=WebElements.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Fwebelements%2Fcompounds%2Ftext%2FNb%2FNb1O1-12034570.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228220758/http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/270.pdf">"Niobium: niobium(I) chloride compound data"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bernath.UWaterloo.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/270.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-02-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niobium%3A+niobium%28I%29+chloride+compound+data&rft.pub=Bernath.UWaterloo.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbernath.uwaterloo.ca%2Fmedia%2F270.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both;"> <div class="NavHead"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="മൂലകം">മൂലകങ്ങളുടെ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക">ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക</a></div> <div class="NavContent"> <table border="1" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="Aquamarine"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB" title="ഹൈഡ്രജൻ">H</a></td> <td width="3.125%" colspan="30"> </td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#63B8FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഹീലിയം">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="MistyRose"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ലിഥിയം">Li</a></td> <td bgcolor="NavajoWhite"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ബെറിലിയം">Be</a></td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td bgcolor="#FF8080"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ബോറോൺ">B</a></td> <td bgcolor="Aquamarine"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BA" title="കാർബൺ">C</a></td> <td bgcolor="Aquamarine"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB" title="നൈട്രജൻ">N</a></td> <td bgcolor="Aquamarine"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB" title="ഓക്സിജൻ">O</a></td> <td bgcolor="#CDCD00"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ഫ്ലൂറിൻ">F</a></td> <td bgcolor="#63B8FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="നിയോൺ">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="MistyRose"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സോഡിയം">Na</a></td> <td bgcolor="NavajoWhite"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="മഗ്നീഷ്യം">Mg</a></td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td bgcolor="#A9A9A9"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="അലൂമിനിയം">Al</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF8080"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BA" title="സിലിക്കൺ">Si</a></td> <td bgcolor="Aquamarine"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫോസ്ഫറസ്">P</a></td> <td bgcolor="Aquamarine"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ഗന്ധകം">S</a></td> <td bgcolor="#CDCD00"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ക്ലോറിൻ">Cl</a></td> <td bgcolor="#63B8FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ആർഗോൺ">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="MistyRose"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പൊട്ടാസ്യം">K</a></td> <td bgcolor="NavajoWhite"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="കാൽസ്യം">Ca</a></td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സ്കാൻഡിയം">Sc</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ടൈറ്റാനിയം">Ti</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="വനേഡിയം">V</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ക്രോമിയം">Cr</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മാംഗനീസ്">Mn</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇരുമ്പ്">Fe</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="കൊബാൾട്ട്">Co</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD" title="നിക്കൽ">Ni</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ചെമ്പ്">Cu</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="നാകം">Zn</a></td> <td bgcolor="#A9A9A9"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഗാലിയം">Ga</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF8080"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ജെർമേനിയം">Ge</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF8080"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ആർസെനിക്">As</a></td> <td bgcolor="Aquamarine"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സെലീനിയം">Se</a></td> <td bgcolor="#CDCD00"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ബ്രോമിൻ">Br</a></td> <td bgcolor="#63B8FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ക്രിപ്റ്റോൺ">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="MistyRose"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="റൂബിഡിയം">Rb</a></td> <td bgcolor="NavajoWhite"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സ്ട്രോൺഷിയം">Sr</a></td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="യിട്രിയം">Y</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സിർകോണിയം">Zr</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" class="mw-redirect" title="നിയോബിയം">Nb</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="മൊളിബ്ഡിനം">Mo</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ടെക്നീഷ്യം">Tc</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="റുഥീനിയം">Ru</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="റോഡിയം">Rh</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പലേഡിയം">Pd</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF" title="വെള്ളി">Ag</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="കാഡ്മിയം">Cd</a></td> <td bgcolor="#A9A9A9"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഇൻഡിയം">In</a></td> <td bgcolor="#A9A9A9"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="വെളുത്തീയം">Sn</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF8080"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF" title="ആന്റിമണി">Sb</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF8080"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ടെലൂറിയം">Te</a></td> <td bgcolor="#CDCD00"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="അയോഡിൻ">I</a></td> <td bgcolor="#63B8FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8A%E0%B5%BA" title="സെനൊൺ">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="MistyRose"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സീസിയം">Cs</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="NavajoWhite"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ബേരിയം">Ba</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ലാന്തനം">La</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സീറിയം">Ce</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രസിയോഡൈമിയം">Pr</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="നിയോഡൈമിയം">Nd</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രൊമിതിയം">Pm</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സമേറിയം">Sm</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="യൂറോപ്പിയം">Eu</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഗാഡോലിനിയം">Gd</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ടെർബിയം">Tb</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഡിസ്പ്രോസിയം">Dy</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഹോമിയം">Ho</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="എർബിയം">Er</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="തൂലിയം">Tm</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="യിറ്റെർബിയം">Yb</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFE0FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ലുറ്റീഷ്യം">Lu</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഹാഫ്നിയം">Hf</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ടാന്റാലം">Ta</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BA" title="ടങ്സ്റ്റൺ">W</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="റീനിയം">Re</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഓസ്മിയം">Os</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഇറിഡിയം">Ir</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="പ്ലാറ്റിനം">Pt</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="സ്വർണം">Au</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82)" title="രസം (മൂലകം)">Hg</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#A9A9A9"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="താലിയം">Tl</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#A9A9A9"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="കറുത്തീയം">Pb</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#A9A9A9"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ബിസ്മത്">Bi</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#FF8080"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പൊളോണിയം">Po</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#CDCD00"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB" title="ആസ്റ്ററ്റീൻ">At</a></td> <td width="3.125%" bgcolor="#63B8FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="റഡോൺ">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="MistyRose"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഫ്രാൻസിയം">Fr</a></td> <td bgcolor="NavajoWhite"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="റേഡിയം">Ra</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ആക്റ്റിനിയം">Ac</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="തോറിയം">Th</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രൊട്ടക്റ്റിനിയം">Pa</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="യുറേനിയം">U</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="നെപ്റ്റ്യൂണിയം">Np</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പ്ലൂട്ടോണിയം">Pu</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="അമെരിസിയം">Am</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ക്യൂറിയം">Cm</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ബെർകിലിയം">Bk</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="കാലിഫോർണിയം">Cf</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഐൻസ്റ്റീനിയം">Es</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഫെർമിയം">Fm</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="മെൻഡെലീവിയം">Md</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="നോബെലിയം">No</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ലോറെൻസിയം">Lr</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="റുഥർഫോർഡിയം">Rf</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഡൂബ്നിയം">Db</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സീബോർഗിയം">Sg</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ബോറിയം">Bh</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഹാസ്സിയം">Hs</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="മെയ്റ്റ്നേറിയം">Mt</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഡാംഷ്റ്റാറ്റിയം">Ds</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="റോണ്ട്ഗെനിയം">Rg</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="കോപ്പർനിഷ്യം">Cn</a></td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="നിഹോനിയം">Nh</a></td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഫ്ലെറോവിയം">Fl</a></td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="മോസ്കൊവിയം">Mc</a></td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ലിവർമോറിയം">Lv</a></td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB" title="ടെനസീൻ">Ts</a></td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA" title="ഓഗനെസൺ">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table border="1" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="1"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="MistyRose" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ക്ഷാരലോഹങ്ങൾ">ക്ഷാരലോഹങ്ങൾ</a> </td> <td bgcolor="NavajoWhite" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ക്ഷാരീയമൃത്തികാലോഹങ്ങൾ">ക്ഷാരീയമൃത്തികാലോഹങ്ങൾ</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFE0FF" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ലാന്തനൈഡുകൾ">ലാന്തനൈഡുകൾ</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FF80FF" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ആക്റ്റിനൈഡുകൾ">ആക്റ്റിനൈഡുകൾ</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFC0C0" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="സംക്രമണ ലോഹം">സംക്രമണ ലോഹങ്ങൾ</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#A9A9A9" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഹം"> മറ്റു ലോഹങ്ങൾ </a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FF8080" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="അർദ്ധലോഹങ്ങൾ">അർദ്ധലോഹങ്ങൾ</a> </td> <td bgcolor="Aquamarine" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="അലോഹം">അലോഹങ്ങൾ</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#CDCD00" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഹാലൊജനുകൾ">ഹാലൊജനുകൾ</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#63B8FF" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ഉൽകൃഷ്ടവാതകം">ഉൽകൃഷ്ട വാതകങ്ങൾ</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8" width="10%">രാസസ്വഭാവം കൃത്യമായി മനസ്സിലാക്കാൻ പറ്റിയിട്ടില്ലാത്ത മൂലകങ്ങൾ </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐blvn6 Cached time: 20241122160621 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.259 seconds Real time usage: 0.664 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 878/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22274/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1844/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8438/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.070/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2986286/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 326.073 1 -total 30.65% 99.939 3 ഫലകം:Cite_web 7.57% 24.688 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_isotopes_stable 2.74% 8.940 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_series 2.72% 8.882 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_section_physicalprop 2.53% 8.246 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_isotopes_end 2.41% 7.860 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_oxistates 1.88% 6.134 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_eresist_ohmmat0 1.84% 5.985 1 ഫലകം:Prettyurl 1.80% 5.871 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_bulkmodulus_gpa --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key mlwiki:pcache:idhash:35161-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122160621 and revision id 3635032. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=നയോബിയം&oldid=3635032">https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=നയോബിയം&oldid=3635032</a>" എന്ന താളിൽനിന്ന് ശേഖരിച്ചത്</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രത്യേകം:വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ">വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" class="mw-redirect" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വർഗ്ഗം:മൂലകങ്ങൾ">മൂലകങ്ങൾ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വർഗ്ഗം:സംക്രമണ ലോഹങ്ങൾ">സംക്രമണ ലോഹങ്ങൾ</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ഈ താൾ അവസാനം തിരുത്തപ്പെട്ടത്: 11:07, 14 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">വിവരങ്ങൾ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">ക്രിയേറ്റീവ് കോമൺസ് ആട്രിബ്യൂഷൻ-ഷെയർഎലൈക്ക് അനുമതിപത്ര</a> പ്രകാരം ലഭ്യമാണ്; മേൽ നിബന്ധനകൾ ഉണ്ടായേക്കാം. കൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾക്ക് <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/ml">ഉപയോഗനിബന്ധനകൾ</a> കാണുക.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">സ്വകാര്യതാനയം</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82">വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തെക്കുറിച്ച്</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82">നിരാകരണങ്ങൾ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">പെരുമാറ്റച്ചട്ടം</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ഡെവലപ്പർമാർ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ml.wikipedia.org">സ്ഥിതിവിവരക്കണക്കുകൾ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">കുക്കി പ്രസ്താവന</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ml.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">മൊബൈൽ ദൃശ്യരൂപം</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dfb9d98f5-vtf8v","wgBackendResponseTime":181,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.259","walltime":"0.664","ppvisitednodes":{"value":878,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":22274,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1844,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":6,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":8438,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 326.073 1 -total"," 30.65% 99.939 3 ഫലകം:Cite_web"," 7.57% 24.688 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_isotopes_stable"," 2.74% 8.940 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_series"," 2.72% 8.882 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_section_physicalprop"," 2.53% 8.246 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_isotopes_end"," 2.41% 7.860 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_oxistates"," 1.88% 6.134 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_eresist_ohmmat0"," 1.84% 5.985 1 ഫലകം:Prettyurl"," 1.80% 5.871 1 ഫലകം:Elementbox_bulkmodulus_gpa"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.070","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2986286,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-blvn6","timestamp":"20241122160621","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0d28\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d2c\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d02","url":"https:\/\/ml.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1046","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1046","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d2e\u0d40\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d2a\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d38\u0d02\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d28 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d35\u0d7c"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-04-27T07:36:09Z","dateModified":"2021-08-14T11:07:10Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/39\/Nb%2C41.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>