CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>The Independent Florida Alligator - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"258eb59f-ff00-4251-bf27-27fa3bf8ba90","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"The_Independent_Florida_Alligator","wgTitle":"The Independent Florida Alligator","wgCurRevisionId":1241035085,"wgRevisionId":1241035085,"wgArticleId":1773233,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: unfit URL","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from March 2024","All articles needing additional references","Coordinates not on Wikidata","Newspapers established in 1906","Student newspapers published in Florida","University of Florida","1906 establishments in Florida"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"The_Independent_Florida_Alligator","wgRelevantArticleId":1773233,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"The_Florida_Alligator","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/The_Independent_Florida_Alligator","wgCoordinates":{"lat":29.6518,"lon":-82.3363},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7741817","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready" };RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f1/TheIndependentFloridaAlligatorNov26-2012.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1493"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f1/TheIndependentFloridaAlligatorNov26-2012.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="995"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="796"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="The Independent Florida Alligator - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent_Florida_Alligator"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent_Florida_Alligator"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-The_Independent_Florida_Alligator rootpage-The_Independent_Florida_Alligator skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=The+Independent+Florida+Alligator" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=The+Independent+Florida+Alligator" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=The+Independent+Florida+Alligator" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=The+Independent+Florida+Alligator" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events_leading_to_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_leading_to_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Events leading to independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events_leading_to_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_after_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_after_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>History after independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_after_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivals_and_related_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivals_and_related_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rivals and related publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivals_and_related_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>The Independent Florida Alligator</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7741817#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/The_Independent_Florida_Alligator" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:The_Independent_Florida_Alligator" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/The_Independent_Florida_Alligator"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/The_Independent_Florida_Alligator"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/The_Independent_Florida_Alligator" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/The_Independent_Florida_Alligator" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&oldid=1241035085" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&id=1241035085&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_Independent_Florida_Alligator"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_Independent_Florida_Alligator"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7741817" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&params=29.6518_N_82.3363_W_type:landmark_region:US-FL"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°39′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">82°20′11″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.6518°N 82.3363°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.6518; -82.3363</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Florida_Alligator&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="The Florida Alligator">The Florida Alligator</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Student newspaper of the University of Florida</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250428316">.mw-parser-output .ib-newspaper .infobox-title{font-size:125%;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-newspaper .logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-newspaper"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The Independent Florida Alligator</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TheIndependentFloridaAlligatorNov26-2012.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/TheIndependentFloridaAlligatorNov26-2012.png/175px-TheIndependentFloridaAlligatorNov26-2012.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/TheIndependentFloridaAlligatorNov26-2012.png/263px-TheIndependentFloridaAlligatorNov26-2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f1/TheIndependentFloridaAlligatorNov26-2012.png 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="352" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Student_newspaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Student newspaper">Student newspaper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Format</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Compact_(newspaper)" title="Compact (newspaper)">Compact</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Campus Communications Inc.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data">Campus Communications, Inc.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">General manager</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Shaun O'Connor<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1906<br />1971 (as independent paper)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Florida" title="Gainesville, Florida">Gainesville, Florida</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0889-2423">0889-2423</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alligator.org">alligator<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gainesville_FL_Ind_Gator01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gainesville_FL_Ind_Gator01.jpg/220px-Gainesville_FL_Ind_Gator01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gainesville_FL_Ind_Gator01.jpg/330px-Gainesville_FL_Ind_Gator01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gainesville_FL_Ind_Gator01.jpg/440px-Gainesville_FL_Ind_Gator01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Former offices on University Avenue, 2008</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>The Independent Florida Alligator</b></i> is the <a href="/wiki/Student_newspaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Student newspaper">student newspaper</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a>. <i><b>The Alligator</b></i> is one of the largest student-run newspapers in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, with a circulation of 14,000 and readership of more than 21,000.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an affiliate of <a href="/wiki/UWIRE" title="UWIRE">UWIRE</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which distributes and promotes its content to their network. </p><p>The paper prints every Monday during the spring, summer, and fall <a href="/wiki/Semester" class="mw-redirect" title="Semester">semesters</a>. <i>The Alligator</i> has been financially and editorially independent from the university since 1973. The <i>Alligator</i> has been owned by <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit</a>, student-controlled <a href="/wiki/501(c)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)">501(c)(3)</a> Campus Communications Inc. since its independence. Students from UF and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_College" title="Santa Fe College">Santa Fe College</a>, also located in the city of <a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Florida" title="Gainesville, Florida">Gainesville, Florida</a>, are allowed to work at the paper. Only college students are allowed to work in the <a href="/wiki/Editorial" title="Editorial">editorial</a> department or be <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a> representatives or <a href="/wiki/Intern" class="mw-redirect" title="Intern">interns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Alligator</i> is distributed <a href="/wiki/Free_daily_newspaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Free daily newspaper">free</a> on campus and around Gainesville and contains a mix of campus and local news coverage, as well as national and international stories from <a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">wire services</a>. It also contains a <a href="/wiki/Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports">sports</a> and entertainment sections, the latter of which, known as "The Avenue". <i>The Alligator</i> prints on 11 x 14 inch paper, somewhat smaller than a <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(paper_size)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabloid (paper size)">tabloid</a> size, closer in size to the <a href="/wiki/Compact_(newspaper)" title="Compact (newspaper)">compact</a> format of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times of London</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/The_Independent_Florida_Alligator" title="Special:EditPage/The Independent Florida Alligator">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Alligator</i> began as an independent student-run newspaper called <i>The University News</i> on October 19, 1906. The paper came together in time to report on the University of Florida's opening ceremony in its new permanent home in Gainesville. Much of the first issue was devoted to reprinting word-for-word the farewell speech given by then-<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Florida">Florida Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_B._Broward" title="Napoleon B. Broward">Napoleon B. Broward</a>. </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florida_Alligator_1922-12-16.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Florida_Alligator_1922-12-16.png/200px-Florida_Alligator_1922-12-16.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Florida_Alligator_1922-12-16.png/300px-Florida_Alligator_1922-12-16.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Florida_Alligator_1922-12-16.png/400px-Florida_Alligator_1922-12-16.png 2x" data-file-width="2173" data-file-height="3344" /></a><figcaption>A 1922 issue of the <i>Florida Alligator</i>.</figcaption></figure><p><i>The Alligator</i> remained independent until 1912, when it became part of the university and was renamed the <i>Florida Alligator</i> after the university's <a href="/wiki/Mascot" title="Mascot">mascot</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators" title="Florida Gators">Florida Gators</a>. </p><p>For the next six decades, the university's Office of Student Publications supervised the paper. The office was also responsible for the university's <i>Seminole</i> yearbook (later renamed <i>The Tower</i>), <i>Florida Magazine</i>, the <i>Orange Peel</i> <a href="/wiki/Humor_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Humor magazine">humor magazine</a>, and other recurring publications. <i>Alligator</i> staffers often worked on several of these at the same time. (None of the other publications still exist.) <i>The Alligator</i> also had a radio news show on campus station <a href="/wiki/WRUF_(AM)" title="WRUF (AM)">WRUF</a> for many years. </p><p>Until the 1950s, the university's student body selected the <a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">editor-in-chief</a> in campus-wide elections, similar to <a href="/wiki/Students%27_union" title="Students' union">student government</a>. Candidates slated to political parties, published <a href="/wiki/Campaign_advertising" title="Campaign advertising">campaign ads</a>, and debated each other not unlike today. The editor was roughly on the same level of prestige as the <a href="/wiki/Student_body_president" class="mw-redirect" title="Student body president">student body president</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">fraternities</a> controlled the newspaper at one time or other. </p><p>By the early 1960s, the rapid post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> growth of the university, which had started with the <a href="/wiki/G.I._Bill" title="G.I. Bill">G.I. Bill</a> and continued with the decision to admit women in 1947 and to admit blacks in 1958 caused <i>The Alligator</i> to grow. The newspaper printed in <a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">broadsheet</a> until 1962 (except during World War II, when paper was in short supply). In 1962, the paper switched to the smaller <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid</a> format, which it still uses today. Around this time, <i>The Alligator</i> was one of the first college newspapers in the nation to switch from <a href="/wiki/Hot_metal_typesetting" title="Hot metal typesetting">hot type</a> printing to the more modern <a href="/wiki/Offset_printing" title="Offset printing">offset</a> standard.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1963, Ed Barber started working at <i>The Alligator</i>, as a student writer. By 1972 he became general manager of the paper. </p><p>Barber left the paper in 1973 to become Director of Publications for the university but returned as general manager in 1976 and became president of Campus Communications, Inc. Barber now holds the title of president <a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">emeritus</a> of <i>The Alligator</i> and is <a href="/wiki/Executive_director" title="Executive director">executive director</a> of the Alligator Alumni Association. Patricia Carey, a veteran manager of the newspaper, succeeded Barber as general manager of <i>The Alligator</i> and president of Campus Communications. </p><p>Originally, the Office of Student Publications was located in the basement of the old <a href="/wiki/Dauer_Hall" title="Dauer Hall">Florida Union</a> (today <a href="/wiki/Dauer_Hall" title="Dauer Hall">Dauer Hall</a>), which was then the <a href="/wiki/Student_activity_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Student activity center">student union</a>, in the north part of campus. In 1968, the paper moved into a new suite of offices on the third floor of the new union, the <a href="/wiki/J._Wayne_Reitz_Union" title="J. Wayne Reitz Union">J. Wayne Reitz Union</a>, directly adjacent to Student Government administrative offices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events_leading_to_independence">Events leading to independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Events leading to independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tumult of the late 1960s featured the resignation of editors who disagreed with an editorial denouncing the university's public tenure hearing for Marshall Jones, a professor who was accused of being a <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> by the university administration. He was forced from the university. The university's crowded public hearing on Jones was denounced in Florida newspapers as reminiscent of the <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyist Red Scare</a> of the 1950s. The editorial, written after the first hearing by journalism student and reporter Michael Abrams (who later became a journalism professor), was <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censored</a> by the university's Board of Student Publications, and a blank space with the word "Censored" run in its place. Several of the student editors of the newspaper resigned over what they saw as the tone of the editorial and its anti-administration bent. </p><p>A national controversy ensued. Columnist <a href="/wiki/Drew_Pearson_(journalist)" title="Drew Pearson (journalist)">Drew Pearson</a> came to campus and gave strong support to the remaining staff. Editor Steve Hull, who also remained, assembled a new set of student editors. Throughout this time, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Journalism_and_Communications" title="University of Florida College of Journalism and Communications">School of Journalism and Communications</a> won a series of Hearst Journalism Awards, and many <i>Alligator</i> reporters and editors ultimately became well known in their professions. </p><p>The newspaper continued to do <a href="/wiki/Investigative_reporting" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigative reporting">investigative reporting</a> including stories about low wages paid to maintenance employees. It was during this time the newspaper was awarded the Pacemaker award as the best college paper in the nation. Among the key writers of the <i>Alligator</i> at the time were James Cook, later an <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">attorney</a>, who wrote the "Uncle Javerneck" column, and Joe Torchia, later a <a href="/wiki/Novelist" title="Novelist">novelist</a>, who intercepted humorous letters from "God" to various people, sparking an uproar among some religious readers. </p><p>Many copies of the final edition of the newspaper, with its somewhat racy collage of farewell pictures including the university president in a less than auspicious pose, were seized by those who supported the university administration. </p><p>Controversy ensued with a new set of editors being selected by the board, and an off-campus newspaper, <i>University Report</i>, published by Hull, Abrams, and Scott DeGarmo, a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's</a> student in history. The paper exposed spying on students by government officials and law enforcement agents and was an outspoken critic of the administration of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_C._O%27Connell" title="Stephen C. O'Connell">Stephen C. O'Connell</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Florida_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Supreme Court">Florida Supreme Court</a> justice and <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Florida_presidents" class="mw-redirect" title="List of University of Florida presidents">University President</a>. One of its stories told of a government agent "Palmer Wee" who was apparently hired to watch radical students. The headline read "Wee is watching you." The paper printed several issues and was typeset on an old typesetting machine that was somewhat larger than a typewriter and sat on a living room floor. It was published out of town, as at least one local printer refused to print it. </p><p>The university administration continued to simmer over radical editors. In late 1971, editor Ron Sachs approved an insert to be published in <i>The Alligator</i> that printed the addresses of known <a href="/wiki/Abortion_clinic" title="Abortion clinic">abortion clinics</a>. At the time, not only was <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">abortion illegal</a> in Florida, but even the printing of abortion information violated <a href="/wiki/State_law" title="State law">state law</a>. The insert, a deliberate challenge by Sachs in protest of laws against abortion, threw the university into a firestorm. Both Sachs and university president Stephen C. O'Connell faced intense public pressure. When O'Connell discovered that Sachs was protected by federal <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> <a href="/wiki/Case_law" title="Case law">case law</a>, he started working to disavow any connection between the university and <i>The Alligator</i>. </p><p>To defuse the hostile situation, <a href="/wiki/Florida_Attorney_General" title="Florida Attorney General">Florida Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Shevin" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Shevin">Robert Shevin</a> ruled that to protect students' First Amendment rights, the university and <i>The Alligator</i> should split. At the time, O'Connell declared that never again would UF sponsor a student newspaper on campus. As a further compromise agreement between the university and the newspaper's staff, the students were allowed to take <i>The Alligator</i> private and off campus. Sachs' challenge of the abortion law was successful; his criminal prosecution ended when the law was declared <a href="/wiki/Constitutionality" title="Constitutionality">unconstitutional</a>. Sachs later won an <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> as a television producer in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, for his documentary <i>Cocaine: The Lady is a Killer</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_after_independence">History after independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History after independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Independent_Florida_Alligator_1975-08-07.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Independent_Florida_Alligator_1975-08-07.png/200px-Independent_Florida_Alligator_1975-08-07.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Independent_Florida_Alligator_1975-08-07.png/300px-Independent_Florida_Alligator_1975-08-07.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Independent_Florida_Alligator_1975-08-07.png/400px-Independent_Florida_Alligator_1975-08-07.png 2x" data-file-width="2371" data-file-height="3284" /></a><figcaption>The newly independent <i>Alligator</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The newspaper changed its name to <i>The Independent Florida Alligator</i> and took several years to find a permanent home. New owners Campus Communications moved in 1982 to the former <a href="/wiki/Tau_Epsilon_Phi" title="Tau Epsilon Phi">Tau Epsilon Phi</a> <a href="/wiki/Fraternity_and_sorority_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternity and sorority houses">fraternity house</a> two blocks east of campus on University Avenue. </p><p><i>Alligator</i> writers and photographers won a dozen Hearst Awards during the period 1971 to 1979, a period when the paper also won several awards from the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Collegiate_Press" title="Associated Collegiate Press">Associated Collegiate Press</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Professional_Journalists" title="Society of Professional Journalists">Society of Professional Journalists</a>. Until the mid-1990s, <i>Alligator</i> alumni had won more Hearst writing and photo awards than any other student newspaper. (It now ranks second behind the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Northwestern" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Northwestern">Daily Northwestern</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>). </p><p><i>The Alligator</i> also was one of the first college papers on the Internet, hosting a <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">bulletin board system</a> as early as 1985 and a <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a> beginning in 1994. </p><p>In 1990, Campus Communications bought the <i>High Springs Herald</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Weekly_newspaper" title="Weekly newspaper">weekly newspaper</a> of <a href="/wiki/High_Springs,_Florida" title="High Springs, Florida">High Springs, Florida</a>, about 30 miles outside the university. The <i>High Springs Herald</i> was sold in February 2009 to Ronald Dupont Jr. </p><p>In May 2016 <i>The Alligator</i> moved operations from its former location on University Avenue, where it had operated for over 30 years, to the same building as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gainesville_Sun" title="The Gainesville Sun">The Gainesville Sun</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/George_A._Smathers_Libraries" title="George A. Smathers Libraries">George A. Smathers Libraries</a> currently hold microfilms of the early issues of <i>The Independent Florida Alligator</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The George A. Smathers Library has digitized all issues of The University News, The Florida Alligator and The Independent Florida Alligator. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alumni">Alumni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Former <i>Alligator</i> staffers work at major newspapers, magazines, and news agencies, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Florida_Times-Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Times-Union">Florida Times-Union</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Beach Post">Palm Beach Post</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Alligator</i> photographer and editor Robert Ellison (1944–1968) died in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam</a> while covering the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khe_Sanh" title="Battle of Khe Sanh">Battle of Khe Sanh</a> for the newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work, later published in <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> as "The Agony of Khe Sanh," won several posthumous awards.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Edward_Bennett.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Charles_Edward_Bennett.jpg/150px-Charles_Edward_Bennett.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Charles_Edward_Bennett.jpg/225px-Charles_Edward_Bennett.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Charles_Edward_Bennett.jpg/300px-Charles_Edward_Bennett.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1392" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Bennett" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Edward Bennett">Charles Edward Bennett</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Alumni </th> <th>Notability </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Don_Addis" title="Don Addis">Don Addis</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Editorial_cartoonist" title="Editorial cartoonist">editorial cartoonist</a>; created the long-running series of "Sex Symbols" cartoons in <i><a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a></i> <p>Jan Godown Annino National Geographic Children's Books author<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Bennett" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Edward Bennett">Charles Edward Bennett</a> <br />(editor 1931) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> (longest serving in Florida history)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Al_Burt" title="Al Burt">Al Burt</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a></i> writer<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhea_Chiles" title="Rhea Chiles">Rhea Chiles</a> </td> <td>Wife of <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Florida">Florida Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Lawton_Chiles" title="Lawton Chiles">Lawton Chiles</a>; Former <a href="/wiki/First_Lady" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lady">First Lady</a> of Florida<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/H._G._Davis,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="H. G. Davis, Jr.">H. G. Davis, Jr.</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gainesville_Sun" title="The Gainesville Sun">The Gainesville Sun</a></i> columnist; <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winner; longtime UF journalism professor<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeYoung" title="Karen DeYoung">Karen DeYoung</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> writer and associate editor; <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winner<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Doherty_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Doherty (journalist)">Brian Doherty</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarian</a> writer; <i><a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason</a></i> magazine senior editor<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gregg_Doyel" title="Gregg Doyel">Gregg Doyel</a> </td> <td>Current writer for <a href="/wiki/CBSSports.com" title="CBSSports.com">CBSSports.com</a>, also worked for the <i><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Observer" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte Observer">Charlotte Observer</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Finkel" title="David Finkel">David Finkel</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i> writer; <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winner<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_Graham" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Graham">Philip Graham</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> publisher from 1946 to 1963, husband of <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a> and <i>Washington Post</i> successor<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hiaasen" title="Carl Hiaasen">Carl Hiaasen</a> </td> <td><i>Miami Herald</i> <a href="/wiki/Columnist" title="Columnist">columnist</a>; <a href="/wiki/Crime_fiction" title="Crime fiction">crime fiction</a> novelist (<i><a href="/wiki/Tourist_Season" title="Tourist Season">Tourist Season</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Strip_Tease_(novel)" title="Strip Tease (novel)">Strip Tease</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Skinny_Dip_(novel)" title="Skinny Dip (novel)">Skinny Dip</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ian_Denis_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Denis Johnson">Ian Johnson</a><br />(editor Fall 1983) </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> writer and <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> bureau chief; <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winner<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Lawrence_Jr." title="David Lawrence Jr.">David Lawrence Jr.</a> <br />(editor Spring 1963) </td> <td>Former publisher of the Miami Herald and <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Proctor" title="Samuel Proctor">Samuel Proctor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">Historian</a> and longtime UF history professor; University Historian; <a href="/wiki/History_of_Florida" title="History of Florida">Florida history</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oral_history" title="Oral history">oral history</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rivals_and_related_publications">Rivals and related publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rivals and related publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since Stephen C. O'Connell stepped down as UF president in 1973, several rivals to <i>The Alligator</i> have set up shop. Most of these publications were started or actively encouraged by the university Student Government. </p><p>One notable contender was <i>Campus Leader</i>, a monthly <a href="/wiki/Alternative_weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative weekly">alternative newspaper</a> started in 1983. Sponsored by Student Government and edited by W.H. "Butch" Oxendine, Jr., it lasted somewhat less than a year as a direct competitor.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Losing his sponsorship, Oxendine changed the magazine's focus, limiting it to students and education and renaming it <i>Florida Leader</i>. Florida Leader was distributed at nearly every college and university in the state and also published a separate high school edition. The magazine printed until 2006. </p><p>Another rival was <i>The Orange and Blue</i>, a twice-weekly newspaper in operation from August 1999 to July 2002. The <i>Orange and Blue</i> was similar in format to and was started by the publishers of, <i><a href="/wiki/FSView_%26_Florida_Flambeau" title="FSView & Florida Flambeau">FSView</a></i>, a student newspaper at <a href="/wiki/Florida_State_University" title="Florida State University">Florida State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a> that won a long-running battle with a rival FSU newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/FSView_%26_Florida_Flambeau" title="FSView & Florida Flambeau">Florida Flambeau</a></i>. </p><p>In 2000, confusion with a university publication also called <i>The Orange and Blue</i> led the newspaper to change its name to <i>The Gator Times</i>. Although Student Government leaders quickly supported the new paper, the <i>Times</i> did not survive. (The name <i>Gator Times</i> is also used by the administration as the title of its email newsletter and in promotional material). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the February 7, 2018, episode of the television game show <i><a href="/wiki/Jeopardy!" title="Jeopardy!">Jeopardy!</a></i>, one of the clues was, "<i>The Independent Florida Alligator</i> is a newspaper aimed at college students in this city."<sup id="cite_ref-jarchive_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jarchive-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fikklefame_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fikklefame-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alligator.org/page/about">"About Us"</a>. <i>The Independent Florida Alligator</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent+Florida+Alligator&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alligator.org%2Fpage%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130923210657/http://www.cappex.com/blog/college-lists/best-college-newspapers/">"Best College Newspapers"</a>. <i>Cappex College Insider</i>. Archived from the original on September 23, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cappex+College+Insider&rft.atitle=Best+College+Newspapers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cappex.com%2Fblog%2Fcollege-lists%2Fbest-college-newspapers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uwire.com/affiliates/">"College Newspaper, TV, and Radio Affiliates"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/UWIRE" title="UWIRE">UWire</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20080501181239/http://www.uwire.com/content/affiliates.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UWire&rft.atitle=College+Newspaper%2C+TV%2C+and+Radio+Affiliates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uwire.com%2Faffiliates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.megantaylor.org/wordpress/2007/09/03/how-does-the-independent-florida-alligator-score/">"Info about the Alligator"</a>. Megantaylor.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Info+about+the+Alligator&rft.pub=Megantaylor.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.megantaylor.org%2Fwordpress%2F2007%2F09%2F03%2Fhow-does-the-independent-florida-alligator-score%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531205318/http://www.president.ufl.edu/speeches/2007/06/ed_barber062707.html">"Historical info from the University of Florida"</a>. President.ufl.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.ufl.edu/speeches/2007/06/ed_barber062707.html">the original</a> on 2010-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+info+from+the+University+of+Florida&rft.pub=President.ufl.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.ufl.edu%2Fspeeches%2F2007%2F06%2Fed_barber062707.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwirko2016" class="citation web cs1">Swirko, Cindy (March 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gainesville.com/news/20160329/the-independent-florida-alligator-moving-to-gainesville-sun-building">"The Independent Florida Alligator moving to Gainesville Sun building"</a>. <i>The Gainesville Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gainesville+Sun&rft.atitle=The+Independent+Florida+Alligator+moving+to+Gainesville+Sun+building&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft.aulast=Swirko&rft.aufirst=Cindy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gainesville.com%2Fnews%2F20160329%2Fthe-independent-florida-alligator-moving-to-gainesville-sun-building&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ufdc.ufl.edu/alligator">"The Alligator"</a>. <i>ufdc.ufl.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217212607/https://ufdc.ufl.edu/alligator">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ufdc.ufl.edu&rft.atitle=The+Alligator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fufdc.ufl.edu%2Falligator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alligatoralumni.org/about">"Alligator Alumni Association | Alligator Alumni Association™"</a>. <i>alligatoralumni.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alligatoralumni.org&rft.atitle=Alligator+Alumni+Association+%7C+Alligator+Alumni+Association%E2%84%A2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falligatoralumni.org%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muckrack.com/media-outlet/alligator">"Pardon Our Interruption"</a>. <i>muckrack.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=muckrack.com&rft.atitle=Pardon+Our+Interruption&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuckrack.com%2Fmedia-outlet%2Falligator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyle2017" class="citation web cs1">Doyle, Dan (2017-05-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.theveteranssite.greatergood.com/robert-ellison/">"A Single Photo Brings Memories Of Khe Sanh Back To Vivid, Deadly Reality"</a>. <i>The Veterans Site News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Veterans+Site+News&rft.atitle=A+Single+Photo+Brings+Memories+Of+Khe+Sanh+Back+To+Vivid%2C+Deadly+Reality&rft.date=2017-05-08&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.theveteranssite.greatergood.com%2Frobert-ellison%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/02/a-young-photographer-took-this-harrowing-image-of-the-vietnam-war-he-didnt-live-to-see-it-published/">"A young photographer took this harrowing image of the Vietnam War. He didn't live to see it published"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+young+photographer+took+this+harrowing+image+of+the+Vietnam+War.+He+didn%27t+live+to+see+it+published.&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fretropolis%2Fwp%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2Fa-young-photographer-took-this-harrowing-image-of-the-vietnam-war-he-didnt-live-to-see-it-published%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/13476480@N07/15263653462/"><i>Newsweek, 03-18-1968 - The Agony Of Khe Sanh</i></a>, 2014-09-17<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Newsweek%2C+03-18-1968+-+The+Agony+Of+Khe+Sanh&rft.date=2014-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F13476480%40N07%2F15263653462%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ffrf.org/component/k2/item/13419-don-addis-19352009">"Don Addis, 1935–2009 - Freedom From Religion Foundation"</a>. <i>ffrf.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ffrf.org&rft.atitle=Don+Addis%2C+1935%E2%80%932009+-+Freedom+From+Religion+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fffrf.org%2Fcomponent%2Fk2%2Fitem%2F13419-don-addis-19352009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2009/12/06/don-addis-a-fly-on-the-wall-of-life-the-late-editorial-cartoonist-cornered-the-mundane-and-the-insane/">"Don Addis: A Fly on the Wall of Life The Late Editorial Cartoonist Cornered the Mundane and the Insane"</a>. <i>Tampa Bay Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Don+Addis%3A+A+Fly+on+the+Wall+of+Life+The+Late+Editorial+Cartoonist+Cornered+the+Mundane+and+the+Insane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Farchive%2F2009%2F12%2F06%2Fdon-addis-a-fly-on-the-wall-of-life-the-late-editorial-cartoonist-cornered-the-mundane-and-the-insane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fvhofsociety.org/bennett.html">"Charles Bennett"</a>. <i>Florida Veterans' Hall Of Fame Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Florida+Veterans%27+Hall+Of+Fame+Society&rft.atitle=Charles+Bennett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fvhofsociety.org%2Fbennett.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiles2003" class="citation news cs1">Files, John (2003-09-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/10/us/charles-e-bennett-dies-at-92-put-in-god-we-trust-on-bills.html">"Charles E. Bennett Dies at 92; Put 'In God We Trust' on Bills"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Charles+E.+Bennett+Dies+at+92%3B+Put+%27In+God+We+Trust%27+on+Bills&rft.date=2003-09-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Files&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F09%2F10%2Fus%2Fcharles-e-bennett-dies-at-92-put-in-god-we-trust-on-bills.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spartacus-educational.com/JFKburtA.htm">"Al Burt"</a>. <i>Spartacus Educational</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spartacus+Educational&rft.atitle=Al+Burt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspartacus-educational.com%2FJFKburtA.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ufdc.ufl.edu/collections/burt">"UF Digital Collections"</a>. <i>ufdc.ufl.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ufdc.ufl.edu&rft.atitle=UF+Digital+Collections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fufdc.ufl.edu%2Fcollections%2Fburt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotterell" class="citation web cs1">Cotterell, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2015/11/08/former-first-lady-rhea-chiles-dies/75436660/">"Former first lady Rhea Chiles dies at 84"</a>. <i>Tallahassee Democrat</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tallahassee+Democrat&rft.atitle=Former+first+lady+Rhea+Chiles+dies+at+84&rft.aulast=Cotterell&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tallahassee.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2015%2F11%2F08%2Fformer-first-lady-rhea-chiles-dies%2F75436660%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/news/politics/stateroundup/rhea-chiles-wife-of-late-gov-lawton-chiles-dies-at-age-84/2253142/">"Rhea Chiles, wife of late Gov. Lawton Chiles, dies at age 84"</a>. <i>Tampa Bay Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Rhea+Chiles%2C+wife+of+late+Gov.+Lawton+Chiles%2C+dies+at+age+84&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fstateroundup%2Frhea-chiles-wife-of-late-gov-lawton-chiles-dies-at-age-84%2F2253142%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/21/us/hg-davis-jr-80-winner-of-pulitzer-for-editorials.html">"H.G. Davis Jr. 80, Winner Of Pulitzer for Editorials"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 2004-08-21. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=H.G.+Davis+Jr.+80%2C+Winner+Of+Pulitzer+for+Editorials&rft.date=2004-08-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F08%2F21%2Fus%2Fhg-davis-jr-80-winner-of-pulitzer-for-editorials.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguinrandomhouseaudio.com/author/57749/karen-deyoung/">"Karen DeYoung | Author"</a>. <i>Penguin Random House Audio</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Penguin+Random+House+Audio&rft.atitle=Karen+DeYoung+%7C+Author&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinrandomhouseaudio.com%2Fauthor%2F57749%2Fkaren-deyoung%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interview/karen-deyoung/">"Karen DeYoung"</a>. <i>FRONTLINE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FRONTLINE&rft.atitle=Karen+DeYoung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Ffrontline%2Finterview%2Fkaren-deyoung%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reason.com/people/brian-doherty/">"Brian Doherty"</a>. <i>Reason.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reason.com&rft.atitle=Brian+Doherty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freason.com%2Fpeople%2Fbrian-doherty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/doherty-brian-1968">"Doherty, Brian 1968– | Encyclopedia.com"</a>. <i>www.encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Doherty%2C+Brian+1968%E2%80%93+%7C+Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Farts%2Feducational-magazines%2Fdoherty-brian-1968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indystar.com/staff/2647737001/gregg-doyel/">"Gregg Doyel | The Indianapolis Star"</a>. <i>www.indystar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.indystar.com&rft.atitle=Gregg+Doyel+%7C+The+Indianapolis+Star&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indystar.com%2Fstaff%2F2647737001%2Fgregg-doyel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jou.ufl.edu/profiles/david-finkel/">"David Finkel"</a>. <i>UF College of Journalism and Communications</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UF+College+of+Journalism+and+Communications&rft.atitle=David+Finkel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jou.ufl.edu%2Fprofiles%2Fdavid-finkel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnas.org/people/david-finkel-1">"David Finkel"</a>. <i>www.cnas.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cnas.org&rft.atitle=David+Finkel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnas.org%2Fpeople%2Fdavid-finkel-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jou.ufl.edu/home/about/outreach/scholarships-for-telecommunication-majors/philip-l-graham-scholarship-fund/">"Philip L. Graham Scholarship Fund"</a>. <i>UF College of Journalism and Communications</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UF+College+of+Journalism+and+Communications&rft.atitle=Philip+L.+Graham+Scholarship+Fund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jou.ufl.edu%2Fhome%2Fabout%2Foutreach%2Fscholarships-for-telecommunication-majors%2Fphilip-l-graham-scholarship-fund%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolland" class="citation web cs1">Rolland, Megan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gainesville.com/story/news/2007/12/06/graham-donates-15-million-to-uf/31545848007/">"Graham donates $1.5 million to UF"</a>. <i>Gainesville Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gainesville+Sun&rft.atitle=Graham+donates+%241.5+million+to+UF&rft.aulast=Rolland&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gainesville.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2007%2F12%2F06%2Fgraham-donates-15-million-to-uf%2F31545848007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung_Sikes" class="citation web cs1">Young Sikes, Janine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ocala.com/story/news/2003/11/14/uf-benefactor-smathers-turns-90/31287950007/">"UF benefactor Smathers turns 90"</a>. <i>The Star Banner</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star+Banner&rft.atitle=UF+benefactor+Smathers+turns+90&rft.aulast=Young+Sikes&rft.aufirst=Janine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocala.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2003%2F11%2F14%2Fuf-benefactor-smathers-turns-90%2F31287950007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fantasticfiction.com/h/carl-hiaasen/">"Carl Hiaasen"</a>. <i>www.fantasticfiction.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fantasticfiction.com&rft.atitle=Carl+Hiaasen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fantasticfiction.com%2Fh%2Fcarl-hiaasen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8178.Carl_Hiaasen">"Carl Hiaasen"</a>. <i>www.goodreads.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.goodreads.com&rft.atitle=Carl+Hiaasen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreads.com%2Fauthor%2Fshow%2F8178.Carl_Hiaasen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/12881/carl-hiaasen">"Carl Hiaasen | Penguin Random House"</a>. <i>PenguinRandomhouse.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PenguinRandomhouse.com&rft.atitle=Carl+Hiaasen+%7C+Penguin+Random+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinrandomhouse.com%2Fauthors%2F12881%2Fcarl-hiaasen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://videolectures.net/ian_johnson/">"Ian Johnson - The Wall Street Journal - VideoLectures.NET"</a>. <i>videolectures.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=videolectures.net&rft.atitle=Ian+Johnson+-+The+Wall+Street+Journal+-+VideoLectures.NET&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvideolectures.net%2Fian_johnson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebeijingcenter.org/people/ian-johnson/">"Ian Johnson 张彦"</a>. <i>The Beijing Center 北京中国学中心</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Beijing+Center+%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft.atitle=Ian+Johnson+%E5%BC%A0%E5%BD%A6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebeijingcenter.org%2Fpeople%2Fian-johnson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.childrensmovementflorida.org/about/founder">"David Lawrence Jr"</a>. <i>The Children's Movement of Florida</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Children%27s+Movement+of+Florida&rft.atitle=David+Lawrence+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.childrensmovementflorida.org%2Fabout%2Ffounder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jou.ufl.edu/profiles/david-lawrence-jr/">"David Lawrence Jr"</a>. <i>UF College of Journalism and Communications</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UF+College+of+Journalism+and+Communications&rft.atitle=David+Lawrence+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jou.ufl.edu%2Fprofiles%2Fdavid-lawrence-jr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/proctor-samuel-1919-2005">"Proctor, Samuel 1919-2005 | Encyclopedia.com"</a>. <i>www.encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Proctor%2C+Samuel+1919-2005+%7C+Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Farts%2Feducational-magazines%2Fproctor-samuel-1919-2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProctor2009" class="citation journal cs1">Proctor, Samuel (2009-12-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/carlton_anthony_ohp/34">"Dr. Samuel Proctor oral history interview"</a>. <i>Carlton-Anthony Tampa Oral History Project</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carlton-Anthony+Tampa+Oral+History+Project&rft.atitle=Dr.+Samuel+Proctor+oral+history+interview&rft.date=2009-12-16&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.usf.edu%2Fcarlton_anthony_ohp%2F34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2005/07/12/samuel-proctor-retired-uf-prof-historian-dies/">"Samuel Proctor, retired UF prof, historian dies"</a>. <i>Tampa Bay Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Samuel+Proctor%2C+retired+UF+prof%2C+historian+dies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Farchive%2F2005%2F07%2F12%2Fsamuel-proctor-retired-uf-prof-historian-dies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studentleader.com/sgconsultant/">"SG Consultant - Student Government Consultant Butch Oxendine"</a>. <i>www.studentleader.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.studentleader.com&rft.atitle=SG+Consultant+-+Student+Government+Consultant+Butch+Oxendine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studentleader.com%2Fsgconsultant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chronicle.com/article/new-organization-aims-to-serve-campus-politicos/">"New Organization Aims to Serve Campus Politicos"</a>. <i>The Chronicle of Higher Education</i>. 2004-04-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=New+Organization+Aims+to+Serve+Campus+Politicos&rft.date=2004-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chronicle.com%2Farticle%2Fnew-organization-aims-to-serve-campus-politicos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jarchive-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jarchive_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.j-archive.com/showgame.php?game_id=5903">"Show #7693 - Wednesday, February 7, 2018"</a>. <i>J! Archive</i>. 7 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=J%21+Archive&rft.atitle=Show+%237693+-+Wednesday%2C+February+7%2C+2018&rft.date=2018-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.j-archive.com%2Fshowgame.php%3Fgame_id%3D5903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fikklefame-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fikklefame_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fikklefame.com/final-jeopardy-2-7-18/">"Final Jeopardy: Flag Colors"</a>. <i>Fikkle Fame</i>. 7 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fikkle+Fame&rft.atitle=Final+Jeopardy%3A+Flag+Colors&rft.date=2018-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffikklefame.com%2Ffinal-jeopardy-2-7-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Independent+Florida+Alligator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alligator.org/">Official website</a></li> <li>Historical archives are freely and openly available online from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/">University of Florida Digital Collections</a> with full text searching and full page images: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00028290"><i>The Independent Florida Alligator</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00028291"><i>The Florida Alligator</i></a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00076004"><i>Summer Gator</i></a></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exhibits.domains.uflib.ufl.edu/alligator50/">Guts & Ambition: 50 Years of The Independent Florida Alligator</a>." Retrospective exhibit.</li> <li>McKeen, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020430042140/http://www.jou.ufl.edu/pubs/Communigator/Archives/s97/F2text.htm">Carl Hiaasen: Trustworthy as Captain Kangaroo</a>. Retrieved 20 April 2005.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130131042824/http://patthorntonfiles.com/blog/2008/02/26/college-high-five-of-the-week-the-independent-florida-alligator/">Pat Thornton discusses the Alligator</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="University_of_Florida" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Florida" title="Template:University of Florida"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_Florida" title="Template talk:University of Florida"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_Florida" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of Florida"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_Florida" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">University of Florida</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;"><div><b>Located in</b>: <a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Florida" title="Gainesville, Florida"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Gainesville, Florida</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;;width:1%">Colleges and schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_School_of_Accounting" title="Fisher School of Accounting">Accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_the_Arts" title="University of Florida College of the Arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hough_Graduate_School_of_Business" title="Hough Graduate School of Business">Graduate School of Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Agricultural_and_Life_Sciences" title="University of Florida College of Agricultural and Life Sciences">Agricultural and Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinker_School_of_Building_Construction" title="Rinker School of Building Construction">Building Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_College_of_Business" title="Warrington College of Business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Dentistry" title="University of Florida College of Dentistry">Dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Design,_Construction_and_Planning" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Florida College of Design, Construction and Planning">Design, Construction and Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Education" title="University of Florida College of Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Engineering" title="University of Florida College of Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Health_and_Human_Performance" title="University of Florida College of Health and Human Performance">Health and Human Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Journalism_and_Communications" title="University of Florida College of Journalism and Communications">Journalism and Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Levin_College_of_Law" title="University of Florida Levin College of Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Liberal_Arts_and_Sciences" title="University of Florida College of Liberal Arts and Sciences">Liberal Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Medicine" title="University of Florida College of Medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Medicine-Jacksonville" title="University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville">Medicine-Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Nursing" title="University of Florida College of Nursing">Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Pharmacy" title="University of Florida College of Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Public_Health_and_Health_Professions" title="University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions">Public Health and Health Professions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Veterinary_Medicine" title="University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine">Veterinary Medicine</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FA4616">Other units</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Center_for_African_Studies" title="University of Florida Center for African Studies">Center for African Studies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Center_for_Latin_American_Studies" title="University of Florida Center for Latin American Studies">Center for Latin American Studies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bob_Graham_Center_for_Public_Service" title="Bob Graham Center for Public Service">Center for Public Service</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Division_of_Continuing_Education" title="University of Florida Division of Continuing Education">Continuing Education</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship_and_Innovation_Center" title="Entrepreneurship and Innovation Center">Entrepreneurship and Innovation Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_forensic_science_distance_education_program" title="University of Florida forensic science distance education program">Forensic Science Program</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Health_Science_Center" title="University of Florida Health Science Center">Health Science Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_pharmaceutical_chemistry_distance_education_program" title="University of Florida pharmaceutical chemistry distance education program">Pharmaceutical Chemistry Program</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_clinical_toxicology_distance_education_program" title="University of Florida clinical toxicology distance education program">Toxicology Program</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Obsessive%E2%80%93Compulsive_Disorder_Program" title="University of Florida Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Program">UF OCD Program</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;;width:1%">Research and <br />development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Askew_Institute_on_Politics_and_Society" title="Askew Institute on Politics and Society">Askew Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Software_Institute" title="Bridge Software Institute">Bridge Software Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Cancer_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Florida Cancer Hospital">Cancer Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Cancer_and_Genetics_Research_Complex" title="University of Florida Cancer and Genetics Research Complex">Cancer and Genetics Research Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Smathers_Libraries" title="George A. Smathers Libraries">George A. Smathers Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewspaperCat" title="NewspaperCat">Catalog of Digital Historical Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Key_Light" title="Cedar Key Light">Cedar Key Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Digital_Collections" title="University of Florida Digital Collections">Digital Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_Pathogens_Institute" title="Emerging Pathogens Institute">Emerging Pathogens Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_Genome_Project" title="Floral Genome Project">Floral Genome Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Digital_Newspaper_Library" title="Florida Digital Newspaper Library">Florida Digital Newspaper Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Institute_for_Sustainable_Energy" title="Florida Institute for Sustainable Energy">Florida Institute for Sustainable Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Journal_of_International_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Journal of International Law">Florida Journal of International Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Lakewatch" title="Florida Lakewatch">Florida Lakewatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Documents_Department_(University_of_Florida)" title="Government Documents Department (University of Florida)">Government Documents Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Telescopio_Canarias" title="Gran Telescopio Canarias">Gran Telescopio Canarias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infectious_Disease_Pharmacokinetics_Laboratory" title="Infectious Disease Pharmacokinetics Laboratory">Infectious Disease Pharmacokinetics Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Food_and_Agricultural_Sciences" title="Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences">Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Farming_Systems_Collection" title="International Farming Systems Collection">International Farming Systems Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Journal_of_Law_%26_Public_Policy" title="University of Florida Journal of Law & Public Policy">Journal of Law & Public Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Technology_Law_%26_Policy" title="Journal of Technology Law & Policy">Journal of Technology Law & Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Lee_Moffitt_Cancer_Center_%26_Research_Institute" title="H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute">Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nona_Medical_City" title="Lake Nona Medical City">Lake Nona Medical City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawton_Chiles_Legal_Information_Center" title="Lawton Chiles Legal Information Center">Lawton Chiles Legal Information Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isser_and_Rae_Price_Library_of_Judaica" title="Isser and Rae Price Library of Judaica">Library of Judaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Library_West" title="University of Florida Library West">Library West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_High_Magnetic_Field_Laboratory" title="National High Magnetic Field Laboratory">Mag Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Marston_Science_Library" title="University of Florida Marston Science Library">Marston Science Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKnight_Brain_Institute" title="McKnight Brain Institute">McKnight Brain Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Proctor_Oral_History_Program" title="Samuel Proctor Oral History Program">Oral History Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Panama_and_the_Canal_Collection" title="University of Florida Panama and the Canal Collection">Panama and the Canal Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._K._Yonge_Developmental_Research_School" title="P. K. Yonge Developmental Research School">P. K. Yonge Research School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Hill_Observatory" title="Rosemary Hill Observatory">Rosemary Hill Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanford-Burnham_Medical_Research_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute">Sanford-Burnham Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_Research" title="Scripps Research">Scripps Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_Martin_Biotechnology_Incubator" title="Sid Martin Biotechnology Incubator">Sid Martin Biotechnology Incubator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_East_(Gainesville,_Florida)" class="mw-redirect" title="Library East (Gainesville, Florida)">Smathers Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorzolamide" title="Dorzolamide">Trusopt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Historic_St._Augustine,_Inc." title="University of Florida Historic St. Augustine, Inc.">UFHSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Health" title="University of Florida Health">University of Florida Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UF_Health_Shands_Hospital" title="UF Health Shands Hospital">Shands Hospital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UF_Health_Shands_Cancer_Hospital" title="UF Health Shands Cancer Hospital">Shands Cancer Hospital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UF_Health_Jacksonville" title="UF Health Jacksonville">UF Health Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UF_Health_St._Johns" title="UF Health St. Johns">UF Health St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Health_Science_Center" title="University of Florida Health Science Center">Health Science Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UF_Training_Reactor" title="UF Training Reactor">UF Training Reactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Laboratory_for_Marine_Bioscience" title="Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience">Whitney Marine Lab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Florida_alumni" title="List of University of Florida alumni">Alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Board_of_Trustees" title="University of Florida Board of Trustees">Board of Trustees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Florida_presidents" class="mw-redirect" title="List of University of Florida presidents">University Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Florida_faculty_and_administrators" title="List of University of Florida faculty and administrators">Faculty and administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Florida_honorary_degree_recipients" title="List of University of Florida honorary degree recipients">Honorary degree recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Alumni_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Florida Alumni Association">Alumni Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Investment_Corporation" title="University of Florida Investment Corporation">Investment Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators" title="Florida Gators"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Athletics</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_baseball" title="Florida Gators baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_men%27s_basketball" title="Florida Gators men's basketball">Men's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_women%27s_basketball" title="Florida Gators women's basketball">Women's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_cross_country" title="Florida Gators cross country">Cross country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_football" title="Florida Gators football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_men%27s_golf" title="Florida Gators men's golf">Men's golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_women%27s_golf" title="Florida Gators women's golf">Women's golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_women%27s_gymnastics" title="Florida Gators women's gymnastics">Women's gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_women%27s_lacrosse" title="Florida Gators women's lacrosse">Women's lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_women%27s_soccer" title="Florida Gators women's soccer">Women's soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_softball" title="Florida Gators softball">Softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_swimming_and_diving" title="Florida Gators swimming and diving">Swimming and diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_men%27s_tennis" title="Florida Gators men's tennis">Men's tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_women%27s_tennis" title="Florida Gators women's tennis">Women's tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_track_and_field" title="Florida Gators track and field">Track and field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_women%27s_volleyball" title="Florida Gators women's volleyball">Women's volleyball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;">Arenas and stadiums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condron_Ballpark" title="Condron Ballpark">Condron Ballpark</a> (Baseball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Hill_Griffin_Stadium" title="Ben Hill Griffin Stadium">Ben Hill Griffin Stadium</a> (Football)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_women%27s_lacrosse#Donald_R._Dizney_Stadium" title="Florida Gators women's lacrosse">Donald R. Dizney Stadium</a> (Lacrosse)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Pressly_Stadium" title="James G. Pressly Stadium">James G. Pressly Stadium</a> (Soccer, Track and field)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Seashole_Pressly_Softball_Stadium" title="Katie Seashole Pressly Softball Stadium">Katie Seashole Pressly Stadium</a> (Softball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bostick_Golf_Course" title="Mark Bostick Golf Course">Mark Bostick Golf Course</a> (Golf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linder_Stadium_at_Ring_Tennis_Complex" title="Linder Stadium at Ring Tennis Complex">Scott Linder Stadium</a> (Tennis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Connell_Center" title="O'Connell Center">Stephen C. O'Connell Center</a> (Multipurpose)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;">Culture and lore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Athletic_Association" title="University of Florida Athletic Association">University Athletic Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_and_Alberta_Gator" title="Albert and Alberta Gator">Albert and Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Athletic_Hall_of_Fame" title="University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame">Athletic Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_Dazzlers" title="Florida Gators Dazzlers">Dazzlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatorade" title="Gatorade">Gatorade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pride_of_the_Sunshine" title="The Pride of the Sunshine">The Pride of the Sunshine</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Orange_and_Blue" title="The Orange and Blue">The Orange and Blue</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_Boys_from_Old_Florida" title="We Are the Boys from Old Florida">We Are the Boys</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;;width:1%">Culture and lore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/34th_Street_Wall" title="34th Street Wall">34th Street Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACCENT_Speakers_Bureau" title="ACCENT Speakers Bureau">ACCENT Speakers Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Courtelis_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Alec Courtelis Award">Alec Courtelis Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_cycling_club" title="University of Florida cycling club">Cycling Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida_Seminary" title="East Florida Seminary">East Florida Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Blue_Key" title="Florida Blue Key">Florida Blue Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Law_Review" title="Florida Law Review">Florida Law Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Opportunity_Scholars_Program" title="Florida Opportunity Scholars Program">Florida Opportunity Scholars Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gator_Growl" title="Gator Growl">Gator Growl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gator_Guard_Drill_Team" title="Gator Guard Drill Team">Gator Guard Drill Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_University_of_Florida" title="History of the University of Florida">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Residence_Hall_Association_(University_of_Florida)" title="Inter-Residence Hall Association (University of Florida)">Inter-Residence Hall Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Hall_Tunnel" title="Norman Hall Tunnel">Norman Hall Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Strike_Force" title="Theatre Strike Force">Theatre Strike Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_ROTC" title="University of Florida ROTC">ROTC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Independent Florida Alligator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subtropics_(journal)" title="Subtropics (journal)">Subtropics</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WUFT_(TV)" title="WUFT (TV)">WUFT TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WUFT-FM" title="WUFT-FM">WUFT FM / WJUF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRUF_(AM)" title="WRUF (AM)">WRUF AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRUF-FM" title="WRUF-FM">WRUF FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRUF-LD" title="WRUF-LD">WRUF LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Florida" title="University Press of Florida">University Press of Florida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Florida_buildings" title="List of University of Florida buildings"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Campus</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baughman_Center" title="Baughman Center">Baughman Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleton_Auditorium" title="Carleton Auditorium">Carleton Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_Tower_(University_of_Florida)" title="Century Tower (University of Florida)">Century Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans_Theatre" title="Constans Theatre">Constans Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Living_Organization" title="Cooperative Living Organization">Cooperative Living Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gymnasium" title="Florida Gymnasium">Florida Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Florida Museum of Natural History">Florida Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Harn_Museum_of_Art" title="Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art">Harn Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Campus_Historic_District" title="University of Florida Campus Historic District">Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hub_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="The Hub (Gainesville, Florida)">The Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Alice_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="Lake Alice (Gainesville, Florida)">Lake Alice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Pond" title="Liberty Pond">Liberty Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Gym_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="Norman Gym (Gainesville, Florida)">Norman Gym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Hall_Tunnel" title="Norman Hall Tunnel">Norman Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Connell_Center" title="O'Connell Center">O'Connell Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_M._Phillips_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Curtis M. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts">Phillips Center for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabody_Hall_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="Peabody Hall (Gainesville, Florida)">Peabody Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_of_the_Americas_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="Plaza of the Americas (Gainesville, Florida)">Plaza of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(University_of_Florida)" title="President's House (University of Florida)">President's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Wayne_Reitz_Union" title="J. Wayne Reitz Union">Reitz Student Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainesville_Regional_Transit_System#Campus_Service" title="Gainesville Regional Transit System">RTS Campus Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Southwest_Recreation_Center" title="University of Florida Southwest Recreation Center">Southwest Recreation Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infirmary_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="Infirmary (Gainesville, Florida)">Student Health Care Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigert_Hall" title="Tigert Hall">Tigert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_WRUF_Radio_Station" title="Old WRUF Radio Station">UFPD Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Auditorium_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="University Auditorium (Gainesville, Florida)">University Auditorium</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Academic_spaces" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;">Academic spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_Hall_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="Anderson Hall (Gainesville, Florida)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Hall_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="Bryan Hall (Gainesville, Florida)">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dauer_Hall" title="Dauer Hall">Dauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin%E2%80%93Floyd_Hall" title="Griffin–Floyd Hall">Griffin–Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_Hall_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="Flint Hall (Gainesville, Florida)">Keene-Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Hall" title="Leigh Hall">Leigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachowsky_Hall_for_Data_Science_%26_Information_Technology" title="Malachowsky Hall for Data Science & Information Technology">Malachowsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matherly_Hall" title="Matherly Hall">Matherly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newell_Hall" title="Newell Hall">Newell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Hall_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="Norman Hall (Gainesville, Florida)">Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolfs_Hall" title="Rolfs Hall">Rolfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustler_Hall" title="Ustler Hall">Ustler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Fleet_Hall" title="Van Fleet Hall">Van Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Hall_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="Walker Hall (Gainesville, Florida)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weil_Hall" title="Weil Hall">Weil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #0021A5; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FA4616, inset -2px -2px 0 #FA4616;"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_student_housing" title="University of Florida student housing"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Student housing</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Hall" title="Hume Hall">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphree_Area" title="Murphree Area">Murphree area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckman_Hall_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="Buckman Hall (Gainesville, Florida)">Buckman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Hall" title="Fletcher Hall">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphree_Hall" title="Murphree Hall">Murphree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledd_Hall" title="Sledd Hall">Sledd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hall_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="Thomas Hall (Gainesville, Florida)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphree_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Murphree Area Council">MAC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hall_(Gainesville,_Florida)" title="North Hall (Gainesville, Florida)">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riker_Hall" title="Riker Hall">Riker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulee_area" title="Yulee area">Yulee area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Residence_Hall_Association_(University_of_Florida)" title="Inter-Residence Hall Association (University of Florida)">IRHA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&params=29.6518_N_82.3363_W_type:landmark_region:US-FL"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°39′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">82°20′11″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.6518°N 82.3363°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.6518; -82.3363</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&oldid=1241035085">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&oldid=1241035085</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Newspapers_established_in_1906" title="Category:Newspapers established in 1906">Newspapers established in 1906</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Student_newspapers_published_in_Florida" title="Category:Student newspapers published in Florida">Student newspapers published in Florida</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Florida" title="Category:University of Florida">University of Florida</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1906_establishments_in_Florida" title="Category:1906 establishments in Florida">1906 establishments in Florida</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2024">Articles needing additional references from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_not_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates not on Wikidata">Coordinates not on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 August 2024, at 23:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Independent_Florida_Alligator&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-jvw68","wgBackendResponseTime":124,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.565","walltime":"0.725","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3067,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":138987,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1759,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":162073,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 584.340 1 -total"," 43.44% 253.810 1 Template:Reflist"," 33.56% 196.085 40 Template:Cite_web"," 18.62% 108.795 4 Template:Navbox"," 18.41% 107.566 1 Template:University_of_Florida"," 11.56% 67.547 1 Template:Short_description"," 11.38% 66.472 1 Template:Infobox_newspaper"," 10.63% 62.133 1 Template:Infobox"," 8.32% 48.631 1 Template:More_citations_needed_section"," 7.57% 44.255 1 Template:More_citations_needed"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.344","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6302509,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-g6b7m","timestamp":"20241122143335","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"The Independent Florida Alligator","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Independent_Florida_Alligator","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7741817","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7741817","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-04-21T03:12:12Z","dateModified":"2024-08-18T23:17:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/f\/f1\/TheIndependentFloridaAlligatorNov26-2012.png","headline":"newspaper in Gainesville, Florida"}</script> </body> </html>