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<li id="toc-Establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1814–1917" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1814–1917"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1814–1917</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1814–1917-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Looting_during_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Looting_during_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Looting during World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Looting_during_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Russian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Russian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>In Russian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Russian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">National Library of Russia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="المكتبة الوطنية الروسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المكتبة الوطنية الروسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_Rusa" title="Biblioteca Nacional Rusa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Biblioteca Nacional Rusa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya_Milli_Kitabxanas%C4%B1" title="Rusiya Milli Kitabxanası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rusiya Milli Kitabxanası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Расійская нацыянальная бібліятэка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Расійская нацыянальная бібліятэка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Руска национална библиотека – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руска национална библиотека" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalna_biblioteka_Rusije" title="Nacionalna biblioteka Rusije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nacionalna biblioteka Rusije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_R%C3%BAssia" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Rússia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biblioteca Nacional de Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna" title="Ruská národní knihovna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ruská národní knihovna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Nationalbibliothek" title="Russische Nationalbibliothek – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russische Nationalbibliothek" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venemaa_Rahvusraamatukogu" title="Venemaa Rahvusraamatukogu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Venemaa Rahvusraamatukogu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Εθνική Βιβλιοθήκη της Ρωσίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εθνική Βιβλιοθήκη της Ρωσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_Rusa" title="Biblioteca Nacional Rusa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biblioteca Nacional Rusa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Rusio" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Rusio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia Biblioteko de Rusio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="کتابخانه ملی روسیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتابخانه ملی روسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_russe" title="Bibliothèque nationale russe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bibliothèque nationale russe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80_(%EC%83%81%ED%8A%B8%ED%8E%98%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC)" title="러시아 국립도서관 (상트페테르부르크) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아 국립도서관 (상트페테르부르크)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ռուսաստանի ազգային գրադարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսաստանի ազգային գրադարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruska_nacionalna_knji%C5%BEnica" title="Ruska nacionalna knjižnica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruska nacionalna knjižnica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpustakaan_Nasional_Rusia" title="Perpustakaan Nasional Rusia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perpustakaan Nasional Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_russa" title="Biblioteca nazionale russa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biblioteca nazionale russa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הספרייה הלאומית הרוסית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הספרייה הלאומית הרוסית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="რუსეთის ეროვნული ბიბლიოთეკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსეთის ეროვნული ბიბლიოთეკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%ABvejis_Nacionaluo_biblioteka" title="Krīvejis Nacionaluo biblioteka – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Krīvejis Nacionaluo biblioteka" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotheca_Nationalis_Russica" title="Bibliotheca Nationalis Russica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bibliotheca Nationalis Russica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Руска национална библиотека – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руска национална библиотека" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="നാഷണൽ ലൈബ്രറി ഓഫ് റഷ്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാഷണൽ ലൈബ്രറി ഓഫ് റഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="المكتبه الوطنيه الروسيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المكتبه الوطنيه الروسيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%A5%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ОХУ-ын Улсын номын сан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="ОХУ-ын Улсын номын сан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Nationale_Bibliotheek" title="Russische Nationale Bibliotheek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Russische Nationale Bibliotheek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8_(%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%9A%E3%83%86%E3%83%AB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF)" title="ロシア国立図書館 (サンクトペテルブルク) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア国立図書館 (サンクトペテルブルク)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCs_Natschunaalbibleteek" title="Rüs Natschunaalbibleteek – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rüs Natschunaalbibleteek" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_russiske_nasjonalbiblioteket" title="Det russiske nasjonalbiblioteket – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det russiske nasjonalbiblioteket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੂਸ ਦੀ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਸ ਦੀ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="قومی لائبریری، روس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قومی لائبریری، روس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosyjska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Rosyjska Biblioteka Narodowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rosyjska Biblioteka Narodowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_R%C3%BAssia" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Rússia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biblioteca Nacional da Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_a_Rusiei" title="Biblioteca Națională a Rusiei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biblioteca Națională a Rusiei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Российская национальная библиотека – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Российская национальная библиотека" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%A1_kni%C5%BEnica" title="Ruská národná knižnica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ruská národná knižnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کتێبخانەی نەتەوەییی ڕووسیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کتێبخانەی نەتەوەییی ڕووسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Национална библиотека Русије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Национална библиотека Русије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4n_kansalliskirjasto" title="Venäjän kansalliskirjasto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjän kansalliskirjasto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryska_nationalbiblioteket" title="Ryska nationalbiblioteket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryska nationalbiblioteket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ரஷ்ய தேசிய நூலகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரஷ்ய தேசிய நூலகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Россия Милли китапханәсе – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Россия Милли китапханәсе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Rusya Millî Kütüphanesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusya Millî Kütüphanesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Російська національна бібліотека – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Російська національна бібліотека" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="قومی لائبریری، روس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قومی لائبریری، روس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0_vi%E1%BB%87n_Qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Nga" title="Thư viện Quốc gia Nga – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thư viện Quốc gia Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasodnon_nga_Sulod-Barasahan_han_Rusya" title="Nasodnon nga Sulod-Barasahan han Rusya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nasodnon nga Sulod-Barasahan han Rusya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86" title="俄罗斯国家图书馆 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄罗斯国家图书馆" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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30.33556</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">National library</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1795<span class="noprint"> (229 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1795</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference to legal mandate</th><td class="infobox-data">Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation authorizing the Statute of the Federal State Institution "The National Library of Russia" (March 23, 2001)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Collection</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Items collected</th><td class="infobox-data">Books, <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">journals</a>, newspapers, magazines, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Official_publications_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Official publications of Russia (page does not exist)">official publications</a>, sheet music, sound and music recordings, databases, maps, postage stamps, <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">prints</a>, drawings, manuscripts and media.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">36,475,000 items (15,000,000 books)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria for collection</th><td class="infobox-data">Legal deposit of materials published in Russia; "Rossika": materials about Russia or materials published by the people of Russia residing abroad; selected foreign scholarly publications and other materials.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legal_deposit" title="Legal deposit">Legal deposit</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yes (Legal Deposit Law<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Access and use</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Access requirements</th><td class="infobox-data">Reading rooms – free. Russian residents must be 14 or older. Foreign visitors are limited by the period of their visa.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Circulation</th><td class="infobox-data">8,880,000 (2007)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population served</th><td class="infobox-data">1,150,000 (2007)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Other information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">569,200,000 RUB ($23,400,000)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Director</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vershinin" title="Alexander Vershinin">Alexander Vershinin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">1,850</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlr.ru/eng/">www<wbr />.nlr<wbr />.ru<wbr />/eng<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Interactive map with main library buildings <a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="14" data-overlays="["_ef662ae3f66b38a8409dbf48ca2060c47c9992be"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,14,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=National_Library_of_Russia&revid=1259657853&groups=_ef662ae3f66b38a8409dbf48ca2060c47c9992be" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,14,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=National_Library_of_Russia&revid=1259657853&groups=_ef662ae3f66b38a8409dbf48ca2060c47c9992be 2x" alt="Map" /></a></th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The</b> <b>National Library of Russia</b> (<b>NLR</b>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Российская национальная библиотека</span>, <i>РНБ</i>), located in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, is the first,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one of three national public libraries in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NLR is currently ranked among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_libraries" title="List of largest libraries">world's major libraries</a>. It has the second biggest library collection in the Russian Federation, a treasury of national heritage, and is the All-Russian Information, Research and Cultural Center. Over the course of its history, the library has aimed for comprehensive acquisition of the national printed output and has provided free access to its collections. </p><p>It was known as the <i>Imperial Public Library</i> from 1795 to 1917; <i>Russian Public Library</i> from 1917 to 1925; <i>State Public Library</i> from 1925 to 1992 (since 1932 named after <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin" title="Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin">M.Y. Saltykov-Shchedrin</a>); and since 1992 as the National Library of Russia (NLR). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Russia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Russia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Imperial Public Library was established in 1795 by <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a>. It was based on the <a href="/wiki/Za%C5%82uski_Library" title="Załuski Library">Załuski Library</a>, the famous Polish national library built by Bishop Załuski in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, which had been seized by the Russians in 1794 after the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitions of Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The idea of a public library in Russia emerged in the early 18th century<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but did not take shape until the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Enlightenment" title="Russian Enlightenment">Russian Enlightenment</a>. The plan of a Russian public library was submitted to Catherine in 1766 but the Empress did not approve the project for the imperial library until 27 May [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 16 May] 1795, eighteen months before her death. A site for the building was found at the corner of <a href="/wiki/Nevsky_Prospect" title="Nevsky Prospect">Nevsky Avenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sadovaya_Street" title="Sadovaya Street">Sadovaya Street</a>, right in the center of the Russian imperial capital. The construction work began immediately and lasted for almost fifteen years. The building was designed in a <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> style by architect <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Соколов, Егор Тимофеевич">Yegor Sokolov</a> (built between 1796 and 1801). </p><p>The cornerstone of the foreign-language department came from the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> in the form of <a href="/wiki/Za%C5%82uski%27s_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Załuski's Library">Załuski's Library</a> (420,000 volumes), seized in part by the Russian government at the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">time of the partitions</a>, though many volumes were lost en route to theft by Russian soldiers who sold them for profit.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Polish-language books from the library (numbering some 55,000 titles) were returned to <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a> in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-GSE_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GSE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For five years after its foundation, the library was run by Comte <a href="/wiki/Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste_de_Choiseul-Gouffier" title="Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier">Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier</a>. The stocks were arranged according to a specially compiled manual of library classification.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1810, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I</a> approved Russia's first library law stipulating, among other things, that <a href="/wiki/Legal_deposit" title="Legal deposit">two legal copies</a> of all printed matter in Russia be deposited in the library.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The library was to be opened for the public in 1812 but, as the more valuable collections had to be evacuated because of <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">Napoleon's invasion</a>, the inauguration was postponed for two years. </p><p>Under Count <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stroganov" title="Alexander Stroganov">Alexander Stroganov</a>, who managed the library during the first decade of the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Rossica" title="Rossica">Rossica</a> project was inaugurated, a vast collection of foreign books touching on Russia. It was Stroganov who secured for the library some of its most invaluable treasures, namely the <a href="/wiki/Ostromir_Gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostromir Gospel">Ostromir Gospel</a>, the earliest book written in the <a href="/wiki/Old_East_Slavic" title="Old East Slavic">Old East Slavic</a> dialect of <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a> (which was to eventually develop into the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Hypatian_Codex" title="Hypatian Codex">Hypatian Codex</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Primary_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Primary Chronicle">Russian Primary Chronicle</a>. He, along with other bibliophiles, also reviewed the collection of manuscripts and letters brought by <a href="/wiki/Peter_P._Dubrovsky" title="Peter P. Dubrovsky">Peter P. Dubrowsky</a> (1754–1816) who had stayed in the diplomatic service for more than 20 years outside the fatherland. Based on the review, Stroganov recommended to Alexander I the creation of a manuscript depot. Alexander decreed the creation of such a department on February 27, 1805, and named Dubrowsky as the first keeper of the depot of manuscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1814–1917"><span id="1814.E2.80.931917"></span>1814–1917</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Russia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1814–1917"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Americana_1920_Libraries_-_Petrograd_Public_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Americana_1920_Libraries_-_Petrograd_Public_Library.jpg/250px-Americana_1920_Libraries_-_Petrograd_Public_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Americana_1920_Libraries_-_Petrograd_Public_Library.jpg/375px-Americana_1920_Libraries_-_Petrograd_Public_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Americana_1920_Libraries_-_Petrograd_Public_Library.jpg/500px-Americana_1920_Libraries_-_Petrograd_Public_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="1357" /></a><figcaption>The Neoclassical building on the <a href="/wiki/Nevsky_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevsky Avenue">Nevsky Avenue</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Imperial Public Library was inaugurated on 14 January [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 2 January] 1814 in the presence of <a href="/wiki/Gavrila_Derzhavin" title="Gavrila Derzhavin">Gavrila Derzhavin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Krylov" title="Ivan Krylov">Ivan Krylov</a>. The library's third, and arguably most famous, director was <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Olenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksey Olenin">Aleksey Olenin</a> (1763–1843). </p><p>Librarianship progressed to a new level in the 1850s. The reader community grew several times, enlarged by common people. At the same time, many gifts of books were offered to the library. Consequently, collection growth rates in the 1850s were five times higher than the annual growth rate of five thousand new acquired during the first part of the century. In 1859, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasily_Sobolshchikov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasily Sobolshchikov (page does not exist)">Vasily Sobolshchikov</a> prepared the first national manual of <a href="/wiki/Library_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Library science">library science</a> for the library entitled <i>Public Library Facilities and Cataloguing</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The influx of new visitors required a larger <a href="/wiki/Reference_library" class="mw-redirect" title="Reference library">reading room</a> in the new building closing the library court along the perimeter (designed by Sobolshchikov, built in 1860–62). </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_National_Bibliotheque,_Saint_Petersburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Russian_National_Bibliotheque%2C_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/250px-Russian_National_Bibliotheque%2C_Saint_Petersburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Russian_National_Bibliotheque%2C_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/375px-Russian_National_Bibliotheque%2C_Saint_Petersburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Russian_National_Bibliotheque%2C_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/500px-Russian_National_Bibliotheque%2C_Saint_Petersburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1987" /></a><figcaption>The new building on the <a href="/wiki/Moskovsky_Avenue" title="Moskovsky Avenue">Moskovsky Avenue</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From 1849 to 1861 the library was managed by Count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modest_von_Korff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modest von Korff (page does not exist)">Modest von Korff</a> (1800–76), who had been <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a>'s school-fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Lyceum" title="Lyceum">Lyceum</a>. Korff and his successor, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Delyanov" title="Ivan Delyanov">Ivan Delyanov</a>, added to the library's collections some of the earliest manuscripts of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a> from the 340s), the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> (the so-called <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Codex" title="Leningrad Codex">Leningrad Codex</a>), and one of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'ans</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Uthman_Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthman Qur'an">Uthman Qur'an</a> from the mid-7th century). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Russia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution_(1917)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Revolution (1917)">Russian Revolution</a>, the institution was placed under the management of <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Radlov" title="Ernest Radlov">Ernest Radlov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Marr" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Marr">Nicholas Marr</a>, although its national preeminence was relinquished to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Library" title="Russian State Library">Lenin State Library</a> in Moscow. The library was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Banner_of_Labour" title="Order of the Red Banner of Labour">Order of the Red Banner of Labour</a> in 1939 and remained open during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a>. </p><p>The National Library began a large-scale digitization project at the end of the 20th century by taking part in the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> project <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/mtfhtml/mfsplash.html">Meeting on Frontiers</a>. By 2012 the library, along with <a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Library" title="Russian State Library">its counterpart in Moscow</a>, had around 80,000 titles available electronically.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Looting_during_World_War_II">Looting during World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Russia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Looting during World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the end of the Second World War, millions of German art objects, books and archival materials were brought to the Soviet Union. Some of these cultural assets were returned to the former GDR in the 1950s. However, to this day, among other things, there are still more than 200,000 works of art, three million books and archival material with a length of three shelf kilometers in German provenance in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-Beutekunst_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beutekunst-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Highlights of the library</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beda_Petersburgiensis_f3v.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Petersburg Bede (746)"><img alt="St. Petersburg Bede (746)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Beda_Petersburgiensis_f3v.jpg/66px-Beda_Petersburgiensis_f3v.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Beda_Petersburgiensis_f3v.jpg/99px-Beda_Petersburgiensis_f3v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Beda_Petersburgiensis_f3v.jpg/132px-Beda_Petersburgiensis_f3v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="604" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Bede" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Bede">St. Petersburg Bede</a> (746)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trapezunt_gospel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trebizond Gospel (10th century)"><img alt="Trebizond Gospel (10th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Trapezunt_gospel.jpg/77px-Trapezunt_gospel.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Trapezunt_gospel.jpg/115px-Trapezunt_gospel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Trapezunt_gospel.jpg/153px-Trapezunt_gospel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Trebizond_Gospel" title="Trebizond Gospel">Trebizond Gospel</a> (10th century)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZographensisColour.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Codex Zographensis (c. 1000)"><img alt="Codex Zographensis (c. 1000)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/ZographensisColour.jpg/63px-ZographensisColour.jpg" decoding="async" width="63" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/ZographensisColour.jpg/94px-ZographensisColour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/ZographensisColour.jpg/126px-ZographensisColour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="883" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Codex_Zographensis" title="Codex Zographensis">Codex Zographensis</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1000</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leningrad_Codex_Carpet_page_e.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leningrad Codex (c. 1008)"><img alt="Leningrad Codex (c. 1008)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Leningrad_Codex_Carpet_page_e.jpg/84px-Leningrad_Codex_Carpet_page_e.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Leningrad_Codex_Carpet_page_e.jpg/126px-Leningrad_Codex_Carpet_page_e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Leningrad_Codex_Carpet_page_e.jpg/167px-Leningrad_Codex_Carpet_page_e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3712" data-file-height="4433" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Codex" title="Leningrad Codex">Leningrad Codex</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1008</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ostromirovo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ostromir Gospel (1056)"><img alt="Ostromir Gospel (1056)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ostromirovo.jpg/100px-Ostromirovo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ostromirovo.jpg/150px-Ostromirovo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ostromirovo.jpg/200px-Ostromirovo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ostromir_Gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostromir Gospel">Ostromir Gospel</a> (1056)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiev_psalter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spiridon Psalter (1397)"><img alt="Spiridon Psalter (1397)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kiev_psalter.jpg/82px-Kiev_psalter.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kiev_psalter.jpg/123px-Kiev_psalter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kiev_psalter.jpg/164px-Kiev_psalter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Spiridon_Psalter" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiridon Psalter">Spiridon Psalter</a> (1397)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Navarre_bible.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guyart de Moulin's Bible Historiale (1350s)"><img alt="Guyart de Moulin's Bible Historiale (1350s)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Navarre_bible.jpg/66px-Navarre_bible.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Navarre_bible.jpg/100px-Navarre_bible.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Navarre_bible.jpg/133px-Navarre_bible.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Guyart de Moulin's <a href="/wiki/Bible_Historiale" title="Bible Historiale">Bible Historiale</a> (1350s)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon-Marmion_-_Les_grandes_Chroniques_des_France.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Simon Marmion's Grandes Chroniques de France (1450s)"><img alt="Simon Marmion's Grandes Chroniques de France (1450s)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Simon-Marmion_-_Les_grandes_Chroniques_des_France.JPG/67px-Simon-Marmion_-_Les_grandes_Chroniques_des_France.JPG" decoding="async" width="67" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Simon-Marmion_-_Les_grandes_Chroniques_des_France.JPG/101px-Simon-Marmion_-_Les_grandes_Chroniques_des_France.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Simon-Marmion_-_Les_grandes_Chroniques_des_France.JPG/135px-Simon-Marmion_-_Les_grandes_Chroniques_des_France.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="1626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Marmion" title="Simon Marmion">Simon Marmion</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Grandes_Chroniques_de_France" title="Grandes Chroniques de France">Grandes Chroniques de France</a> (1450s)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stuartbreviary.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Breviary of Mary Stuart (1490s)"><img alt="Breviary of Mary Stuart (1490s)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Stuartbreviary.jpg/100px-Stuartbreviary.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Stuartbreviary.jpg/150px-Stuartbreviary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Stuartbreviary.jpg/200px-Stuartbreviary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Breviary of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary Stuart</a> (1490s)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lancelotdulac.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lancelot du Lac (c. 1500)"><img alt="Lancelot du Lac (c. 1500)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lancelotdulac.jpg/69px-Lancelotdulac.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lancelotdulac.jpg/104px-Lancelotdulac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lancelotdulac.jpg/138px-Lancelotdulac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lancelot_du_Lac" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancelot du Lac">Lancelot du Lac</a> (c. 1500)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Russia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russia has two additional national libraries: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Library" title="Russian State Library">Russian State Library</a>, Moscow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin_Presidential_Library" title="Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library">Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library</a>, St. Petersburg</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Russia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fontanka36.nlr.ru">Legal Deposit Law</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSasekNesterov2015" class="citation web cs1">Sasek, Allie; Nesterov, Andrei (November 5, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geohistory.today/national-library-russia-st-petersburg/">"National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg"</a>. <i>GeoHistory</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GeoHistory&rft.atitle=National+Library+of+Russia+in+St.+Petersburg&rft.date=2015-11-05&rft.aulast=Sasek&rft.aufirst=Allie&rft.au=Nesterov%2C+Andrei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeohistory.today%2Fnational-library-russia-st-petersburg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librarymap.ifla.org/countries/Russian%20Federation">"Libraries in Russian Federation"</a>. <i>IFLA Library Map of the World</i>. International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IFLA+Library+Map+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Libraries+in+Russian+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrarymap.ifla.org%2Fcountries%2FRussian%2520Federation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart (1989) p 201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Императорская Публичная библиотека за сто лет [<i>A Hundred Years of Imperial Public Library</i>], 1814–1914. SPb : print. by V.F. Kirschbaum, 1914. P. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Малый энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона, published in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a> in the early 1900s</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GSE-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GSE_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia" title="Great Soviet Encyclopedia">Great Soviet Encyclopedia</a>, 3rd. edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Оленин А. Н.</i> Опыт нового библиографического порядка для Санкт-Петербургской Публичной библиотеки [<i>Tentative bibliographical scheme for the Public Library in Saint Petersburg</i>]. SPb, 1809. 8, 112 p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Положение о управлении имп. Публичною библиотекою // Акты, относящиеся до нового образования Императорской библиотеки... [<i> Imp. Library administration/ In: Acts concerning the foundation of Imperial Library...</i>] [SPb.], 1810. pp. 8—11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЛогутова2004–2005" class="citation journal cs1">Логутова, М.Г. (2004–2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inslav.ru/images/stories/pdf/AE/AE-2004_2005.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"ПОСЛУЖНОЙ СПИСОК" П.П.ДУБРОВСКОГО"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Археографический ежегодник</i>: 391–392. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-02-034015-4" title="Special:BookSources/5-02-034015-4"><bdi>5-02-034015-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.atitle=%22%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%9B%D0%A3%D0%96%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%99+%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%9A%22+%D0%9F.%D0%9F.%D0%94%D0%A3%D0%91%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%9E&rft.pages=391-392&rft.date=2004%2F2005&rft.isbn=5-02-034015-4&rft.aulast=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C.%D0%93.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finslav.ru%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fpdf%2FAE%2FAE-2004_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Собольщиков В.И.</i> Об устройстве общественных библиотек и составлении их каталогов [<i>Sobolshikov V.I. Public library structure and cataloguing</i>]. SPb., 1859. 6, 56 p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Russian History and the Digital Age". <i>Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 765–768. 2012. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fkri.2012.0061">10.1353/kri.2012.0061</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kritika%3A+Explorations+in+Russian+and+Eurasian+History&rft.atitle=Russian+History+and+the+Digital+Age&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=765-768&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fkri.2012.0061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beutekunst-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beutekunst_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lostart.de/Webs/DE/Provenienz/Restitutionspolitik.html">"Verhandlungen und Fachkooperationen zwischen den Staaten"</a>. Stiftung Deutsches Zentrum Kulturgutverluste. 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verhandlungen+und+Fachkooperationen+zwischen+den+Staaten&rft.pub=Stiftung+Deutsches+Zentrum+Kulturgutverluste&rft.date=2020&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lostart.de%2FWebs%2FDE%2FProvenienz%2FRestitutionspolitik.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Russia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Stuart, Mary. <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'A Potent Lever for Social Progress': The Imperial Public Library in the Era of the Great Reforms". <i>Library Quarterly</i> (1989): 199–222. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4308377">4308377</a>.</li> <li>Stuart, Mary. "The Evolution of Librarianship in Russia: The Librarians of the Imperial Public Library, 1808–1868". <i>Library Quarterly</i> (1994): 1–29. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4308895">4308895</a>.</li> <li>Stuart, Mary. "Creating Culture: The Rossica Collection of the Imperial Public Library and the Construction of National Identity". <i>Libraries & culture</i> (1995): 1–25. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25542708">25542708</a>.</li> <li>Stuart, Mary. "Creating a National Library for the Workers' State: The Public Library in Petrograd and the Rumiantsev Library Under Bolshevik Rule". <i>Slavonic and East European Review</i> 72.2 (1994): 233–258. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4211475">4211475</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Russian">In Russian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Russia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In Russian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>История Государственной ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Публичной библиотеки имени М. Е. Салтыкова-Щедрина. — Ленинград: Лениздат, 1963. — 435 с., [15] л. ил.</li> <li>История Библиотеки в биографиях её директоров, 1795—2005 / Российская национальная библиотека. — Санкт-Петербург, 2006. — 503, [1] с.: ил. — <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-8192-0263-5" title="Special:BookSources/5-8192-0263-5">5-8192-0263-5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Russia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_libraries_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_libraries_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">National libraries</a> of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Armenia" title="National Library of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Library of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Bangladesh" title="National Library of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Bhutan" title="National Library of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Cambodia" title="National Library of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_China" title="National Library of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_East_Timor" title="National Library of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_India" title="National Library of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Indonesia" title="National Library of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Jordan" title="National Library of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kazakhstan" title="National Library of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kuwait" title="National Library of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Laos" title="National Library of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Malaysia" title="National Library of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Mongolia" title="National Library of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Myanmar" title="National Library of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Pakistan" title="National Library of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Philippines" title="National Library of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Sri_Lanka" title="National Library of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Tajikistan" title="National Library of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Thailand" title="National Library of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Turkey" title="National Library of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Uzbekistan" title="National Library of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Vietnam" title="National Library of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Yemen" title="National Library of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="National Library of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_libraries_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_libraries_of_Europe" title="Template:National libraries of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_libraries_of_Europe" title="Template talk:National libraries of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_libraries_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National libraries of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_libraries_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">National libraries</a> of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Albania" title="National Library of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra_National_Library" title="Andorra National Library">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Armenia" title="National Library of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_National_Library" title="Austrian National Library">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Library of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Belarus" title="National Library of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Library_of_Belgium" title="Royal Library of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS._Cyril_and_Methodius_National_Library" title="SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Library" title="Cyprus Library">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Library,_Denmark" title="Royal Library, Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Estonia" title="National Library of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Finland" title="National Library of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Parliamentary_Library_of_Georgia" title="National Parliamentary Library of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Library" title="German National Library">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" title="National Library of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Sz%C3%A9ch%C3%A9nyi_Library" title="National Széchényi Library">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_of_Iceland" title="National and University Library of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Ireland" title="National Library of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Libraries_of_Italy" title="National Libraries of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kazakhstan" title="National Library of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" title="National Library of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_State_Library" title="Liechtenstein State Library">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martynas_Ma%C5%BEvydas_National_Library_of_Lithuania" title="Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Luxembourg" title="National Library of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Malta" title="National Library of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Moldova" title="National Library of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Notari_Library" title="Louis Notari Library">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Montenegro" title="National Library of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Library_of_the_Netherlands" title="Royal Library of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_%22St._Kliment_of_Ohrid%22" title="National and University Library "St. Kliment of Ohrid"">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Norway" title="National Library of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Poland" title="National Library of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Portugal" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Romania" title="National Library of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Serbia" title="National Library of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Library" title="Slovak National Library">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_of_Slovenia" title="National and University Library of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Sweden" title="National Library of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Library" title="Swiss National Library">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Turkey" title="National Library of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernadsky_National_Library_of_Ukraine" title="Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linen_Hall_Library" title="Linen Hall Library">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Wales" title="National Library of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kosovo" title="National Library of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="National Library of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="National Library of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_National_Heritage" title="Manx National Heritage">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Library" title="European Library">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Point_of_interest_in_Nevsky_Prospekt_between_Sadovaya_Street_and_the_Fontanka_River" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nevsky_Prospekt_between_Sadovaya_Street_and_Fontanka_River" title="Template:Nevsky Prospekt between Sadovaya Street and Fontanka River"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nevsky_Prospekt_between_Sadovaya_Street_and_Fontanka_River" title="Template talk:Nevsky Prospekt between Sadovaya Street and Fontanka River"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nevsky_Prospekt_between_Sadovaya_Street_and_Fontanka_River" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nevsky Prospekt between Sadovaya Street and Fontanka River"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Point_of_interest_in_Nevsky_Prospekt_between_Sadovaya_Street_and_the_Fontanka_River" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Point of interest in <a href="/wiki/Nevsky_Prospekt" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevsky Prospekt">Nevsky Prospekt</a> between <a href="/wiki/Sadovaya_Street" title="Sadovaya Street">Sadovaya Street</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fontanka_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Fontanka River">Fontanka River</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Begin of site</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underground_foot_crossing_at_the_corner_of_Nevsky_Prospekt_and_Garden_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Underground foot crossing at the corner of Nevsky Prospekt and Garden Street (page does not exist)">Underground foot crossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Odd part<br />of street</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Library of Russia</a></li> <li>House 37</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monument_to_Catherine_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monument to Catherine II (page does not exist)">Monument to Catherine II</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekaterininsky_Garden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekaterininsky Garden (page does not exist)">Ekaterininsky Garden</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostrovsky_square&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ostrovsky square (page does not exist)">Ostrovsky square</a></li> <li>Between house 37 and house 39</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anichkov_Palace" title="Anichkov Palace">Anichkov Palace</a> buildings and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anichkov_Garden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anichkov Garden (page does not exist)">Anichkov Garden</a></li> <li>House 39</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Еven part<br />of street</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Marionette_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Marionette Theatre (page does not exist)">State Marionette Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yevstigney_Fomin" title="Yevstigney Fomin">Yevstigney Fomin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evgeny_Demmeny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evgeny Demmeny (page does not exist)">Evgeny Demmeny</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Priboy_Publisying&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priboy Publisying (page does not exist)">Priboy Publisying</a></li> <li>House 52</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demidov_Hotel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demidov Hotel (page does not exist)">Demidov Hotel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Viardot" title="Pauline Viardot">Pauline Viardot</a>, architect <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Suzor" title="Pavel Suzor">Pavel Suzor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monument_to_a_loud-speaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monument to a loud-speaker (page does not exist)">Monument to a loud-speaker</a></li> <li>House 54</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Bulla%27s_workshop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Bulla's workshop (page does not exist)">Karl Bulla's workshop</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monument_to_the_photographer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monument to the photographer (page does not exist)">Monument to the photographer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Bulla" title="Karl Bulla">Karl Bulla</a></li> <li>House 54/1</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphere_Fountain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphere Fountain (page does not exist)">Sphere Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaya_Sadovaya_Street" title="Malaya Sadovaya Street">Malaya Sadovaya Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliseyev_Emporium_(Saint_Petersburg)" title="Eliseyev Emporium (Saint Petersburg)">Eliseyev Emporium</a> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leningrad_Comedy_Theatre_name_Akimov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leningrad Comedy Theatre name Akimov (page does not exist)">Akimov's Theatre</a></li> <li>House 56</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SPb_International_commercial_bank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPb International commercial bank (page does not exist)">SPb International commercial bank</a></li> <li>House 58</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora,_cinema_in_Saint_Petersburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurora, cinema in Saint Petersburg (page does not exist)">Aurora cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Vyazemsky" title="Pyotr Vyazemsky">Pyotr Vyazemsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Dmitri Shostakovich">Dmitri Shostakovich</a></li> <li>House 60</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azov_commercial_bank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azov commercial bank (page does not exist)">Azov commercial bank</a></li> <li>House 62</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Literature_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Literature Publishing (page does not exist)">World Literature Publishing</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_zcizn_newspaper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novaya zcizn newspaper (page does not exist)">Novaya zcizn newspaper</a></li> <li>House 64</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Bely" title="Andrei Bely">Andrei Bely</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Zhelyabov" title="Andrei Zhelyabov">Andrei Zhelyabov</a>, <a href="/wiki/USSR_Union_of_Writers" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR Union of Writers">USSR Union of Writers</a></li> <li>House 66</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">End of site</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anichkov_Bridge" title="Anichkov Bridge">Anichkov Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Carlo_Rossi_(architect)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Carlo_Rossi_(architect)" title="Template:Carlo Rossi (architect)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carlo_Rossi_(architect)" title="Template talk:Carlo Rossi (architect)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carlo_Rossi_(architect)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carlo Rossi (architect)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Carlo_Rossi_(architect)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rossi_(architect)" title="Carlo Rossi (architect)">Carlo Rossi (architect)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Church buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Church of Saint Catherine in <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Convent" title="Ascension Convent">Ascension Convent</a> (consecration, 1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Cathedral,_Tallinn" title="St. Peter and St. Paul's Cathedral, Tallinn">St. Peter and St. Paul's Cathedral, Tallinn</a> (1841–1844)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secular buildings<br />and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maly_Theatre_(Moscow)" title="Maly Theatre (Moscow)">Maly Theatre (Moscow)</a> (1808)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anichkov_Palace" title="Anichkov Palace">Anichkov Palace</a> (reconstruction project, 1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhailovsky_Palace" title="Mikhailovsky Palace">Mikhailovsky Palace</a> (new design, 1817; built 1819–1825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_Square" title="Arts Square">Arts Square</a> (1816–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_Building_(Saint_Petersburg)" title="General Staff Building (Saint Petersburg)">General Staff Building (Saint Petersburg)</a> (1819–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelagin_Palace" title="Yelagin Palace">Yelagin Palace</a> (1822)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Manege" title="Michael Manege">Michael Manege</a> (renovation of the façade, 1823–1824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossi_Bridge" title="Rossi Bridge">Rossi Bridge</a> (1825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossi_Pavilion" title="Rossi Pavilion">Rossi Pavilion</a> (1825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Gallery_of_the_Winter_Palace" title="Military Gallery of the Winter Palace">Military Gallery of the Winter Palace</a> (1826)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrinsky_Theatre" title="Alexandrinsky Theatre">Alexandrinsky Theatre</a> (1828–1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Rossi_Street" title="2 Rossi Street">2 Rossi Street</a> (1828–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Bridge" title="Tripartite Bridge">Tripartite Bridge</a> (1829–1831)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Library of Russia</a> (second building, 1832–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauride_Palace" title="Tauride Palace">Tauride Palace</a> (reconstruction, 19th-century, with others)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%C5%82awa_Castle" title="Oława Castle">Oława Castle</a> (attributed autorship of the castle, 19th century)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_Square" title="Palace Square">Palace Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Museum" title="Russian Museum">Russian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Le_Picq" title="Charles Le Picq">Charles Le Picq</a> (stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Brenna" title="Vincenzo Brenna">Vincenzo Brenna</a> (architecture master)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267566#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267566#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267566#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122432013">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122431029">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/127114742">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/3020410-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr93024024">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119982304">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119982304">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01080113">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rossijskaja nacional‘naja biblioteka"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20010710294&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gosudarstvennaja publičnaja biblioteka imeni M.E. Saltykova-Ščedrina"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20010711109&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX181230">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1291672">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000058716&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/266922">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/6684">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007261799705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA10323786?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500308391">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">ISIL</a>: RU-SpRNB</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028074580">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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