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Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" title="مدينة الله (كتاب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدينة الله (كتاب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A1_de_Deou_(saint_Augustin)" title="Citá de Deou (saint Augustin) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Citá de Deou (saint Augustin)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87" title="দে কিউইতাতে দেই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দে কিউইতাতে দেই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="За Божия град – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="За Божия град" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_dr%C5%BEavi_Bo%C5%BEijoj_(Augustin)" title="O državi Božijoj (Augustin) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="O državi Božijoj (Augustin)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keoded_Doue" title="Keoded Doue – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Keoded Doue" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_ciutat_de_D%C3%A9u" title="La ciutat de Déu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="La ciutat de Déu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Bo%C5%BE%C3%AD_obci" title="O Boží obci – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="O Boží obci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om_Guds_stad" title="Om Guds stad – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Om Guds stad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_civitate_Dei" title="De civitate Dei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="De civitate Dei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_ciudad_de_Dios" title="La ciudad de Dios – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="La ciudad de Dios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Civito_de_Dio" title="La Civito de Dio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Civito de Dio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainkoaren_hiria" title="Jainkoaren hiria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jainkoaren hiria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7_(%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" title="شهر خدا (کتاب) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شهر خدا (کتاب)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Cit%C3%A9_de_Dieu" title="La Cité de Dieu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Cité de Dieu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Civitate_Dei" title="De Civitate Dei – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="De Civitate Dei" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B5%AD%EB%A1%A0" title="신국론 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신국론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AE%D5%B8_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84" title="Աստծո քաղաք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստծո քաղաք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_civitate_Dei" title="De civitate Dei – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="De civitate Dei" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Allah" title="Kota Allah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota Allah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_citt%C3%A0_di_Dio" title="La città di Dio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La città di Dio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D" title="עיר האלוהים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיר האלוהים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_civitate_Dei" title="De civitate Dei – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="De civitate Dei" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ദൈവനഗരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദൈവനഗരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_civitate_Dei" title="De civitate Dei – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="De civitate Dei" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E3%81%AE%E5%9B%BD_(%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B9)" title="神の国 (アウグスティヌス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="神の国 (アウグスティヌス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om_Gudsstaten" title="Om Gudsstaten – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Om Gudsstaten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Chit%C3%A9_de_Dieu" title="La Chité de Dieu – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="La Chité de Dieu" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Ciutat_de_Dieu" title="La Ciutat de Dieu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="La Ciutat de Dieu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo_Bo%C5%BCe" title="Państwo Boże – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Państwo Boże" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Civitate_Dei" title="De Civitate Dei – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="De Civitate Dei" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_civitate_Dei" title="De civitate Dei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="De civitate Dei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="О граде Божьем – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="О граде Божьем" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_City_of_God" title="The City of God – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The City of God" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Bo%C5%BEjem_mestu" title="O Božjem mestu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="O Božjem mestu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_civitate_Dei" title="De civitate Dei – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="De civitate Dei" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_civitate_Dei" title="De civitate Dei – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="De civitate Dei" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumalan_valtio" title="Jumalan valtio – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jumalan valtio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guds_stad_(bok)" title="Guds stad (bok) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guds stad (bok)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanr%C4%B1%27n%C4%B1n_%C5%9Eehri" title="Tanrı'nın Şehri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tanrı'nın Şehri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5" title="Про місто Боже – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Про місто Боже" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_T%C3%A2m_linh" title="Thành phố Tâm linh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thành phố Tâm linh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E4%B9%8B%E5%9F%8E" title="上帝之城 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="上帝之城" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212318#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/The_City_of_God" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:The_City_of_God" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Book by Augustine of Hippo</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/City_of_God_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="City of God (disambiguation)">City of God (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/The_City_of_God" title="Special:EditPage/The City of God">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22The+City+of+God%22">"The City of God"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22The+City+of+God%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22The+City+of+God%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22The+City+of+God%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22The+City+of+God%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22The+City+of+God%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">The City of God <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+City+of+God&rft.author=%5B%5BAugustine+of+Hippo%5D%5D&rft.date=Completed+work+published+%5B%5BAD%5D%5D+426&rft.place=%5B%5BWestern+Roman+Empire%5D%5D"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg/220px-City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg/330px-City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg/440px-City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="760" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>The City of God </i>, opening text, manuscript <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1470</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De civitate Dei contra paganos</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Christian philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Completed work published <a href="/wiki/AD" class="mw-redirect" title="AD">AD</a> 426</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Manuscript</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification">Dewey Decimal</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">239.3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)"><abbr title="Library of Congress Classification">LC Class</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">BR65 .A64</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Original text</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:De_civitate_Dei" class="extiw" title="s:la:De civitate Dei">De civitate Dei contra paganos</a></i></span> at Latin <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Translation</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_City_of_God" class="extiw" title="s:The City of God">The City of God</a></i> at Wikisource</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:16em;border: 4px double BurlyWood;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Category:Augustine of Hippo">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gerard_Seghers_%28attr%29_-_The_Four_Doctors_of_the_Western_Church%2C_Saint_Augustine_of_Hippo_%28354%E2%80%93430%29.jpg/170px-Gerard_Seghers_%28attr%29_-_The_Four_Doctors_of_the_Western_Church%2C_Saint_Augustine_of_Hippo_%28354%E2%80%93430%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gerard_Seghers_%28attr%29_-_The_Four_Doctors_of_the_Western_Church%2C_Saint_Augustine_of_Hippo_%28354%E2%80%93430%29.jpg/255px-Gerard_Seghers_%28attr%29_-_The_Four_Doctors_of_the_Western_Church%2C_Saint_Augustine_of_Hippo_%28354%E2%80%93430%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gerard_Seghers_%28attr%29_-_The_Four_Doctors_of_the_Western_Church%2C_Saint_Augustine_of_Hippo_%28354%E2%80%93430%29.jpg/340px-Gerard_Seghers_%28attr%29_-_The_Four_Doctors_of_the_Western_Church%2C_Saint_Augustine_of_Hippo_%28354%E2%80%93430%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="803" /></span></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Augustine in <i>The Four Doctors<br />of the Western Church</i></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#FFCC99"> <a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinianism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_command_theory" title="Divine command theory">Divine command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_predestination" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustinian predestination">Augustinian predestination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_invisible" title="Church invisible">Invisible church</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Incurvatus_in_se" title="Incurvatus in se">Incurvatus in se</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_hypothesis" title="Augustinian hypothesis">Augustinian hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory" title="Just war theory">Just war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_theodicy" title="Augustinian theodicy">Augustinian theodicy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretations_of_Genesis" title="Allegorical interpretations of Genesis">Allegorical interpretations of Genesis</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#FFCC99"> Works</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The City of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessions_(Augustine)" title="Confessions (Augustine)">Confessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_doctrina_Christiana" title="De doctrina Christiana">On Christian Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soliloquies_of_Augustine" title="Soliloquies of Augustine">Soliloquies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchiridion_of_Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="Enchiridion of Augustine">Enchiridion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Trinity" title="On the Trinity">On the Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmony_of_the_Gospels" title="Harmony of the Gospels">Harmony of the Gospels</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#FFCC99"> Influences and followers</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">Plotinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Monica" title="Saint Monica">Saint Monica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Possidius" title="Possidius">Possidius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Jansen" title="Cornelius Jansen">Jansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Newman</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#FFCC99"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Rule of Saint Augustine">Rule of Saint Augustine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagianism" title="Pelagianism">Pelagianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentism_(historical_analysis)" title="Presentism (historical analysis)">Presentism (historical analysis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_presentism" title="Philosophical presentism">Philosophical presentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Order of Saint Augustine">Order of Saint Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Schism_of_1054" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Schism of 1054">Great Schism of 1054</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#FFCC99"> Related categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":20,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Neoplatonism" title="Category:Neoplatonism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;"><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0 0 1.0em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus"><img alt="Reconstructed bust believed to represent Plotinus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Plotin.jpg/90px-Plotin.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Plotin.jpg/135px-Plotin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Plotin.jpg/180px-Plotin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="792" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Reconstructed bust believed to represent Plotinus</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:none;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Concepts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:1.25em;padding-right:1.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_forms" title="Theory of forms">Theory of forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_of_the_Good" title="Form of the Good">Form of the Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostasis_(philosophy_and_religion)" title="Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)">Hypostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arche" class="mw-redirect" title="Arche">Arche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nous" title="Nous">Nous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demiurge" title="Demiurge">Demiurge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anima_mundi" title="Anima mundi">Anima mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henosis" title="Henosis">Henosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theurgy" title="Theurgy">Theurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okhema" title="Okhema">Okhema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcosm_and_macrocosm" class="mw-redirect" title="Microcosm and macrocosm">Microcosm and macrocosm</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:none;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Works</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:1.25em;padding-right:1.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enneads" title="Enneads">Enneads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Mysteries_of_the_Egyptians,_Chaldeans,_and_Assyrians" title="On the Mysteries of the Egyptians, Chaldeans, and Assyrians">De Mysteriis Aegyptiorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_de_Causis" title="Liber de Causis">Liber de Causis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The City of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Consolation_of_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Consolation of Philosophy">The Consolation of Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Coelesti_Hierarchia" title="De Coelesti Hierarchia">De Coelesti Hierarchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_divisione_naturae" title="De divisione naturae">De divisione naturae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Oracles" title="Chaldean Oracles">Chaldean Oracles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist wraplinks"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:none;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">People</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:1.25em;padding-right:1.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">Plotinus</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_students_of_Plotinus" title="List of students of Plotinus">students</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(philosopher)" title="Porphyry (philosopher)">Porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iamblichus" title="Iamblichus">Iamblichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_the_Apostate" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian the Apostate">Julian the Apostate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypatia" title="Hypatia">Hypatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrobius" title="Macrobius">Macrobius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclus" title="Proclus">Proclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite"><span class="nowrap">Pseudo-Dionysius</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplicius_of_Cilicia" title="Simplicius of Cilicia">Simplicius of Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_the_Invincible" title="David the Invincible">David the Invincible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Scotus_Eriugena" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Scotus Eriugena">Johannes Scotus Eriugena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Al-Farabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brethren_of_Purity" title="Brethren of Purity">Brethren of Purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_ibn_Gabirol" title="Solomon ibn Gabirol">Solomon ibn Gabirol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_the_Blind" title="Isaac the Blind">Isaac the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Psellos" title="Michael Psellos">Michael Psellos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_of_Chartres" title="Thierry of Chartres">Thierry of Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemistus_Pletho" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemistus Pletho">Gemistus Pletho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilio_Ficino" title="Marsilio Ficino">Marsilio Ficino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Giovanni Pico della Mirandola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Platonists" title="Cambridge Platonists">Cambridge Platonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taylor_(neoplatonist)" title="Thomas Taylor (neoplatonist)">Thomas Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ingarden" title="Roman Ingarden">Roman Ingarden</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:none;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:1.25em;padding-right:1.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Platonism_in_the_Renaissance" title="Platonism in the Renaissance">in the Renaissance</a>)</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_Academy" title="Platonic Academy">Platonic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Platonism" title="Middle Platonism">Middle Platonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretations_of_Plato" title="Allegorical interpretations of Plato">Allegorical interpretations of Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato%27s_unwritten_doctrines" title="Plato's unwritten doctrines">Plato's unwritten doctrines</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism_and_Christianity" title="Neoplatonism and Christianity">Neoplatonism and<br />Christianity</a> / <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism_and_Gnosticism" title="Neoplatonism and Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border:none;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/10px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/15px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/21px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neoplatonism" title="Template:Neoplatonism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neoplatonism" title="Template talk:Neoplatonism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neoplatonism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neoplatonism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>On the City of God Against the Pagans</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">De civitate Dei contra paganos</i>), often called <i><b>The City of God</b></i>, is a book of <a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Christian philosophy</a> written in <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> by <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a> in the early 5th century <a href="/wiki/AD" class="mw-redirect" title="AD">AD</a>. The book was in response to allegations that Christianity brought about the <a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Decline of Rome">decline of Rome</a> and is considered one of Augustine's most important works, standing alongside <i><a href="/wiki/Confessions_(Augustine)" title="Confessions (Augustine)">The Confessions</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Enchiridion_of_Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="Enchiridion of Augustine">The Enchiridion</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/De_doctrina_christiana" class="mw-redirect" title="De doctrina christiana">On Christian Doctrine</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Trinity" title="On the Trinity">On the Trinity</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a work of one of the most influential <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>, <i>The City of God</i> is a cornerstone of <a href="/wiki/Western_thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Western thought">Western thought</a>, expounding on many questions of theology, such as the suffering of the righteous, the <a href="/wiki/Existence_of_evil" class="mw-redirect" title="Existence of evil">existence of evil</a>, the conflict between <a href="/wiki/Free_will_in_theology" title="Free will in theology">free will</a> and divine omniscience, and the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">original sin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_City_of_God&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410)" title="Sack of Rome (410)">sack of Rome</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> in 410 left Romans in a deep state of shock, and many Romans saw it as punishment for abandoning <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">traditional Roman religion</a> in favor of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. In response to these accusations, and in order to console Christians, Augustine wrote <i>The City of God</i> as an argument for the truth of Christianity over competing religions and philosophies. He argues that Christianity was not responsible for the Sack of Rome but instead responsible for Rome's success. Even if the earthly rule of the Empire was imperiled, it was the City of God that would ultimately triumph. Augustine's focus was <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a>, a theme of many Christian works of <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a>. Despite Christianity's designation as the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Thessalonica" title="Edict of Thessalonica">official religion of the Empire</a>, Augustine declared its message to be spiritual rather than political. Christianity, he argued, should be concerned with the mystical, heavenly city, the <a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a>, rather than with earthly politics. </p><p>The book presents <a href="/wiki/Human_history" title="Human history">human history</a> as a conflict between what Augustine calls the Earthly City (often colloquially referred to as the City of Man, and mentioned once on page 644, chapter 1 of book 15) and the City of God, a conflict that is destined to end in victory for the latter. The City of God is marked by people who forgo earthly pleasure to dedicate themselves to the eternal truths of God, now revealed fully in the Christian faith. The Earthly City, on the other hand, consists of people who have immersed themselves in the cares and pleasures of the present, passing world.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Augustine's thesis depicts the history of the world as universal warfare between God and <a href="/wiki/Devil_in_Christianity#Augustine" title="Devil in Christianity">the Devil</a>. This metaphysical war is not limited by time but only by geography on Earth. In this war, God moves (by divine intervention, <a href="/wiki/Divine_providence" title="Divine providence">Providence</a>) those governments, political/ideological movements and military forces aligned (or aligned the most) with the <a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">Catholic Church</a> (the City of God) in order to oppose by all means—including military—those governments, political/ideological movements and military forces aligned (or aligned the most) with the Devil (the City of the World). </p><p>This concept of world history guided by Divine Providence in a universal war between God and the Devil is part of the official doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> as most recently stated in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council's</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Gaudium_et_Spes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaudium et Spes">Gaudium et Spes</a></i></span> document: "The Church ... holds that in her most benign Lord and Master can be found the key, the focal point and the goal of man, as well as of all human history ... all of human life, whether individual or collective, shows itself to be a dramatic struggle between good and evil, between light and darkness ... The Lord is the goal of human history the focal point of the longings of history and of civilization, the center of the human race, the joy of every heart and the answer to all its yearnings." </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Civitate_Dei_(The_City_of_God)_1475.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/De_Civitate_Dei_%28The_City_of_God%29_1475.jpg/220px-De_Civitate_Dei_%28The_City_of_God%29_1475.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/De_Civitate_Dei_%28The_City_of_God%29_1475.jpg/330px-De_Civitate_Dei_%28The_City_of_God%29_1475.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/De_Civitate_Dei_%28The_City_of_God%29_1475.jpg/440px-De_Civitate_Dei_%28The_City_of_God%29_1475.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption>Woodcut depicting Augustine writing <i>The City of God</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_City_of_God&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Part I (Books I–X): a polemical critique of Roman religion and philosophy, corresponding to the Earthly City <ul><li>Book I–V: A critique of pagan religion <ul><li>Book I: a criticism of the pagans who attribute the sack of Rome to Christianity despite being saved by taking refuge in Christian churches. The book also explains good and bad things happen to righteous and wicked people alike, and it consoles the women violated in the recent calamity.</li> <li>Book II: a proof that because of the worship of the pagan gods, Rome suffered the greatest calamity of all, that is, moral corruption.</li> <li>Book III: a proof that the pagan gods failed to save Rome numerous times in the past from worldly disasters, such as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Allia" title="Battle of the Allia">sack of Rome by the Gauls</a>.</li> <li>Book IV: a proof that the power and long duration of the Roman empire was due not to the pagan gods but to the Christian God.</li> <li>Book V: a refutation of the doctrine of fate and an explanation of the Christian doctrine of free will and its consistency with God's omniscience. The book proves that Rome's dominion was due to the virtue of the Romans and explains the true happiness of the Christian emperors.</li></ul></li> <li>Book VI–X: A critique of pagan philosophy <ul><li>Book VI: a refutation of the assertion that the pagan gods are to be worshipped for eternal life (rather than temporal benefits). Augustine claimed that even the esteemed pagan theologist <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Terentius_Varro" title="Marcus Terentius Varro">Varro</a> held the gods in contempt.</li> <li>Book VII: a demonstration that eternal life is not granted by Janus, Jupiter, Saturn, and other select gods.</li> <li>Book VIII: an argument against the <a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonists</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Natural_theology" title="Natural theology">natural theology</a>, which Augustine views as the closest approximation of Christian truth, and a refutation of <a href="/wiki/Apuleius" title="Apuleius">Apuleius</a>' insistence of the worship of demons as mediators between God and man. The book also contains a refutation against <a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a>.</li> <li>Book IX: a proof that all demons are evil and that only Christ can provide man with eternal happiness.</li> <li>Book X: a teaching that the good angels wish that God alone is worshipped and a proof that no sacrifice can lead to purification except that of Christ.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Part II (Books XI–XXII): discussion on the City of God and its relationship to the Earthly City <ul><li>Books XI–XIV: the origins of the two cities <ul><li>Book XI: the origins of the two cities from the separation of the good and bad angels, and a detailed analysis of <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> 1.</li> <li>Book XII: answers to why some angels are good and others bad, and a close examination of the creation of man.</li> <li>Book XIII: teaching that death originated as a penalty for Adam's sin, the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_man" title="Fall of man">fall of man</a>.</li> <li>Book XIV: teachings on the original sin as the cause for future lust and shame as a just punishment for lust.</li></ul></li> <li>Books XV–XVIII: the history or progress of the two cities, including foundational theological principles about Jews. <ul><li>Book XV: an analysis of the events in Genesis between the time of <a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a> to the time of the flood.</li> <li>Book XVI: the progress of the two cities from <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> to <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, and the progress of the heavenly city from Abraham to the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Israel_and_Judah" title="Kings of Israel and Judah">kings of Israel</a>.</li> <li>Book XVII: the history of the city of God from <a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a> to <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> and to Christ, and Christological interpretations of the prophecies in <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Kings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a>.</li> <li>Book XVIII: the parallel history of the earthly and heavenly cities from Abraham to the end. Doctrine of Witness, that Jews received prophecy predicting Jesus, and that Jews are dispersed among the nations to provide independent testimony of the Hebrew Scriptures.</li></ul></li> <li>Books XIX–XXII: the deserved destinies of the two cities. <ul><li>Book XIX: the end of the two cities, and the happiness of the people of Christ.</li> <li>Book XX: the prophecies of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a> in the Old and New Testaments.</li> <li>Book XXI: the eternal punishment for the city of the devil.</li> <li>Book XXII: the eternal happiness for the saints and explanations of the resurrection of the body.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archive-ugent-be-3A0957E6-A2DE-11E7-AD46-BFE519B1B84C_DS-0643CB4E-184F-11E8-BA18-B9C515E3A8F4_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Archive-ugent-be-3A0957E6-A2DE-11E7-AD46-BFE519B1B84C_DS-0643CB4E-184F-11E8-BA18-B9C515E3A8F4_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Archive-ugent-be-3A0957E6-A2DE-11E7-AD46-BFE519B1B84C_DS-0643CB4E-184F-11E8-BA18-B9C515E3A8F4_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Archive-ugent-be-3A0957E6-A2DE-11E7-AD46-BFE519B1B84C_DS-0643CB4E-184F-11E8-BA18-B9C515E3A8F4_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Archive-ugent-be-3A0957E6-A2DE-11E7-AD46-BFE519B1B84C_DS-0643CB4E-184F-11E8-BA18-B9C515E3A8F4_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Archive-ugent-be-3A0957E6-A2DE-11E7-AD46-BFE519B1B84C_DS-0643CB4E-184F-11E8-BA18-B9C515E3A8F4_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Archive-ugent-be-3A0957E6-A2DE-11E7-AD46-BFE519B1B84C_DS-0643CB4E-184F-11E8-BA18-B9C515E3A8F4_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>Excerpt from a copy of the manuscript "The City of God", made by Jacobus De Stephelt in 1472.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English_translations">English translations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_City_of_God&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: English translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The City of God</i>. Translation by William Babcock, notes by Boniface Ramsey. Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 2012.</li> <li><i>The City of God against the Pagans</i>. Translation by R. W. Dyson. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-46475-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-46475-7">0-521-46475-7</a></li> <li><i>The City of God</i>. Translation by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bettenson" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Bettenson">Henry Bettenson</a>. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books, 1972.</li> <li><i>The City of God: Volumes XVI–XVIII</i> Translation by <a href="/wiki/Eva_Matthews_Sanford" title="Eva Matthews Sanford">Eva Matthews Sanford</a> with William M. Green. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> 415, 1965.</li> <li><i>City of God</i>. Translation by William M. Green. Cambridge University Press, 1963</li> <li><i>The City of God</i>. Translation by Gerald G. Walsh, S. J., et al. Introduction by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson" title="Étienne Gilson">Étienne Gilson</a>. New York: Doubleday, Image Books, 1958.</li> <li><i>The City of God</i>. Translation by <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Dods_(theologian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Dods (theologian)">Marcus Dods</a>. Introduction by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Merton" title="Thomas Merton">Thomas Merton</a>. New York: The Modern Library, a division of Random House, Inc., 1950. First published: 1871.</li> <li><i>The City of God</i>. Translation by <a href="/wiki/John_Healey_(translator)" title="John Healey (translator)">John Healey</a>. Introduction by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Barker" title="Ernest Barker">Ernest Barker</a>. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1945.</li> <li><i>Of the Citie of God</i>. Translation by <a href="/wiki/John_Healey_(translator)" title="John Healey (translator)">John Healey</a>. Notes by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Luis_Vives" title="Juan Luis Vives">Juan Luis Vives</a>. London: George Eld, 1610.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_City_of_God&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComstock" class="citation web cs1">Comstock, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.college.columbia.edu/core/content/city-god/context">"Historical Context for City of God by Augustine"</a>. <i>Columbia College</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313045954/https://www.college.columbia.edu/core/content/city-god/context">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbia+College&rft.atitle=Historical+Context+for+City+of+God+by+Augustine&rft.aulast=Comstock&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.college.columbia.edu%2Fcore%2Fcontent%2Fcity-god%2Fcontext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+City+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2014" class="citation journal cs1">Peterson, Brandon (July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.nd.edu/ujournal/files/2014/07/Peterson_05-06.pdf">"Augustine: Advocate of Free Will, Defender of Predestination"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Undergraduate Research</i> – via University of Notre Dame.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Undergraduate+Research&rft.atitle=Augustine%3A+Advocate+of+Free+Will%2C+Defender+of+Predestination&rft.date=2014-07&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.nd.edu%2Fujournal%2Ffiles%2F2014%2F07%2FPeterson_05-06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+City+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTornau2019" class="citation web cs1">Tornau, Christian (25 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/#toc">"Saint Augustine"</a>. <i>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220811233101/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Saint+Augustine&rft.date=2019-09-25&rft.aulast=Tornau&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Faugustine%2F%23toc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+City+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMommsen1951" class="citation journal cs1">Mommsen, Theodor (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2707751">"St. Augustine and the Christian Idea of Progress: The Background of the City of God"</a>. <i>Journal of the History of Ideas</i>. <b>12</b> (3): 346–374. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2707751">10.2307/2707751</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2707751">2707751</a> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Ideas&rft.atitle=St.+Augustine+and+the+Christian+Idea+of+Progress%3A+The+Background+of+the+City+of+God&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=346-374&rft.date=1951&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2707751&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2707751%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mommsen&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2707751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+City+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.ugent.be/viewer/archive.ugent.be:3A0957E6-A2DE-11E7-AD46-BFE519B1B84C#?c=&m=&s=&cv=21&xywh=-1176,-5,9520,5315">"De civitate Dei; Epigrammata in S. Maximinum"</a>. <i>lib.ugent.be</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lib.ugent.be&rft.atitle=De+civitate+Dei%3B+Epigrammata+in+S.+Maximinum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.ugent.be%2Fviewer%2Farchive.ugent.be%3A3A0957E6-A2DE-11E7-AD46-BFE519B1B84C%23%3Fc%3D%26m%3D%26s%3D%26cv%3D21%26xywh%3D-1176%2C-5%2C9520%2C5315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+City+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_City_of_God&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Horn, Christoph (1997). <i>Augustinus. De civitate dei.</i> Klassiker auslegen, vol. 11. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-05-002871-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-05-002871-8">3-05-002871-8</a>.</li> <li>Vareille, Agnès (2023). <i>Saint Augustin et l'écriture polyphonique. Citations classiques et genèse de la pensée dans la Cité de Dieu.</i> Turnhout: Brepols, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782851213280" title="Special:BookSources/9782851213280">9782851213280</a> (see the English summary in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2024/2024.09.34">Review by James J. O'Donnell</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bryn_Mawr_Classical_Review" title="Bryn Mawr Classical Review">Bryn Mawr Classical Review</a>).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWetzel2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Wetzel" title="James Wetzel">Wetzel, James</a> (2012). <i>Augustine's City of God: A Critical Guide</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-57644-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-57644-4"><bdi>978-1-139-57644-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Augustine%27s+City+of+God%3A+A+Critical+Guide&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-139-57644-4&rft.aulast=Wetzel&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+City+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_City_of_God&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:De_Civitate_Dei" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:De Civitate Dei"><i>De Civitate Dei</i></a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works related to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_City_of_God" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The City of God"><i>The City of God</i></a> at Wikisource</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Latin <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:De_civitate_Dei" class="extiw" title="s:la:De civitate Dei"><i>De civitate Dei</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/august.html"><i>De civitate dei</i></a> <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span> – <a href="/wiki/The_Latin_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The Latin Library">The Latin Library</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1201.htm"><i>The City of God</i></a> – <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Dods_(theologian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Dods (theologian)">Dods</a> translation, New Advent. Excerpts only.</li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=The+City+of+God&author=Hippo&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>The City of God</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (Dods translation)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf102"><i>The City of God</i></a> – Marcus Dods translation, CCEL</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openn.library.upenn.edu/Data/0023/html/lewis_e_197.html">Lewis E 197 Expositio in civitatem dei S. Augustini (Commentary on St. Augustine's City of God) at OPenn</a></li></ul> <p><b>Texts about the work</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/jod/augustine/civ.html">An introduction to <i>The City of God</i> by James J. 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