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class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Help:德语国际音标</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="语言" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> 语言 </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/45px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/60px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="100"></td> <td class="mbox-text">這頁是維基百科的德语国际音标<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/音标">發音指南</a>。</td> <td class="mbox-imageright"> <div style="min-width: 8em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83102931">.mw-parser-output .shortcutbox{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);margin:0 0 0 1em;padding:.3em .6em .2em .6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .shortcutbox-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .shortcutbox-ombox{float:right;border-left:1px solid #aaa;padding:.4em 0em .4em 1em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-weight:bold;font-size:smaller;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin-bottom:.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .shortcut-anchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);margin:0 0 0 1em;padding:.3em .6em .2em .6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .module-omboxshortcutplain{float:right;border-left:1px solid #aaa;padding:.4em 0em .4em 1em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-weight:bold;font-size:smaller;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin-bottom:.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}</style> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%8D%B7%E5%BE%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:捷徑">快捷方式</a> </div> <ul> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DHelp:IPA-DE%26redirect%3Dno">H:IPA-DE</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DHelp:IPAG%26redirect%3Dno">H:IPAG</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> 下列图表展示了在维基百科条目中用<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國際音標">國際音標</a>（IPA）表示<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德语">德语</a>发音的方式。对于有关在维基百科条目中添加IPA字符的指南，请参见{{<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA-de?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA-de">IPA-de</a>}}与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/音标">Wikipedia:格式手册/音标 § Notes</a>。 请参阅<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="德語音系">德語音系</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E5%AF%AB%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B0%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8D%E6%87%89" title="德語正寫法">德語正寫法 § 字位到音位的對應</a>以更全面地了解德语发音。 <table style="background:none"> <tbody> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="辅音">辅音</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德国"><img alt="德国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德國標準德語">德德</a></th> <th><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥地利"><img alt="奥地利" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥地利德语">奥德</a></th> <th><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瑞士"><img alt="瑞士" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瑞士標準德語">瑞德</a></th> <th>示例</th> <th>英语中或其他语言 中的近似发音</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="濁雙唇塞音">b</a></big></td> <td>bei;<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fortislenis-1">[1]</a> ab (奥德、瑞德)<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-devoicing-2">[2]</a></td> <td>ball</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清軟腭擦音">x</a></big></td> <td>nach<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dorsalfricatives-3">[3]</a></td> <td>苏格兰英语 loch</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清硬腭擦音">ç</a></big></td> <td>ich, durch;<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dorsalfricatives-3">[3]</a> China, Leipzig (德德)</td> <td>hue</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="濁齒齦塞音">d</a></big></td> <td>dann; Kleid (奥德、瑞德)<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-devoicing-2">[2]</a></td> <td>done</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清唇齒擦音">f</a></big></td> <td>für, von, Phänomen</td> <td>fuss</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="濁軟腭塞音">ɡ</a></big></td> <td>gut; Tag, Leipzig (奥德、瑞德)<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-devoicing-2">[2]</a></td> <td>guest</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%A8%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清声门擦音">h</a></big></td> <td>hat</td> <td>hut</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="硬腭近音">j</a></big></td> <td>Jahr, Yo-Yo</td> <td>yard</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清軟腭塞音">k</a></big></td> <td>kann, cremen, sechs; Tag (德德);<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-devoicing-2">[2]</a> China (奥德、瑞德)</td> <td>cold</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E8%BE%B9%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="齿龈边近音">l</a></big></td> <td>Leben</td> <td>last</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="音節輔音">l̩</a></big></td> <td>Mantel</td> <td>bottle</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雙唇鼻音">m</a></big></td> <td>Mann</td> <td>must</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="音節輔音">m̩</a></big></td> <td>großem</td> <td>rhythm</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="齒齦鼻音">n</a></big></td> <td>Name</td> <td>not</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="音節輔音">n̩</a></big></td> <td>beiden</td> <td>sudden</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="軟腭鼻音">ŋ</a></big></td> <td>lang</td> <td>long</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清雙唇塞音">p</a></big></td> <td>Person, ab (德德)<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-devoicing-2">[2]</a></td> <td>puck</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%94%87%E9%BD%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清唇齿塞擦音">pf</a></big></td> <td>Pfeffer</td> <td>cupful</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="濁小舌擦音">ʁ</a></big></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%A1%AB%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="齒齦顫音">r</a></big></td> <td>reden<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-r-allophones-4">[4]</a></td> <td>德德：法语 rouge 奥德、瑞德：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="蘇格蘭英語">蘇格蘭英語</a> red</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="濁齒齦擦音">z</a></big></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清齒齦擦音">s</a></big></td> <td>Sie, diese<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fortislenis-1">[1]</a></td> <td>德德：zebra 奥德、瑞德：soup</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清齒齦擦音">s</a></big></td> <td>lassen, groß, Haus</td> <td>fast</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清腭齦擦音">ʃ</a></big></td> <td>schon, Stadt, spitz, Champagner, Ski</td> <td>shall</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清齒齦塞音">t</a></big></td> <td>Tag, Stadt; Kleid (德德)<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-devoicing-2">[2]</a></td> <td>tall</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清腭齦塞擦音">tʃ</a></big></td> <td>Matsch, Cello</td> <td>match</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="濁唇齒擦音">v</a></big></td> <td>was, Vase<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fortislenis-1">[1]</a></td> <td>vanish</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清齒齦塞擦音">ts</a></big></td> <td>Zeit, Platz, Potsdam, Celle</td> <td>cats</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="聲門塞音">ʔ</a></big></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:gray"></td> <td>beamtet <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[bəˈʔamtət]<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td> <td>uh-oh!</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">非原生辅音（外来语）</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="濁腭齦塞擦音">dʒ</a></big></td> <td>Dschungel, Pidgin<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fortislenis-1">[1]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-postalveolarlenis-6">[6]</a></td> <td>jungle</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="濁腭齦擦音">ʒ</a></big></td> <td>Genie, Entourage<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fortislenis-1">[1]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-postalveolarlenis-6">[6]</a></td> <td>pleasure</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="齒齦近音">ɹ</a></big></td> <td>Spray<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td> <td>rice</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="濁齒擦音">ð</a></big></td> <td>Motherboard<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-th-8">[8]</a></td> <td>this</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清齒擦音">θ</a></big></td> <td>Thatcherismus<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-th-8">[8]</a></td> <td>think</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="濁圓唇軟腭近音">w</a></big></td> <td>Web, Whiskey, Squash<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td> <td>web</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E9%87%8D%E8%AE%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="輕重讀">重读</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E9%87%8D%E8%AE%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="輕重讀">ˈ</a></big></td> <td rowspan="2">Bahnhofstraße <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈbaːnhoːfˌʃtʁaːsə]</td> <td rowspan="2">battleship <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:英語國際音標">/ˈbætəlˌʃɪp/</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%87%8D%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="次重音">ˌ</a></big></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="音節化">音节断开</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="音節">.</a></big></td> <td>Ephraim <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈeːfra.ɪm]</td> <td>flower <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:英語國際音標">/ˈflaʊ.ər/</a> (与 flour <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:英語國際音標">/ˈflaʊər/</a>形成对比)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="元音">元音</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德国"><img alt="德国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德國標準德語">德德</a></th> <th><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥地利"><img alt="奥地利" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥地利德语">奥德</a></th> <th><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瑞士"><img alt="瑞士" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瑞士標準德語">瑞德</a></th> <th>示例</th> <th>英语中或其他语言 中的近似发音</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="單元音">單元音</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%A4%AE%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="開央不圓唇元音">a</a></big></td> <td>alles, Kalender</td> <td>pasta</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%A4%AE%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="開央不圓唇元音">aː</a></big></td> <td>aber, sah, Staat</td> <td>father</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半開前不圓唇元音">ɛ</a></big></td> <td>Ende, hätte</td> <td>bet</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半開前不圓唇元音">ɛː</a></big></td> <td>spät, wählen<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%AE%A4%E5%8F%91%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="公认发音">标准英音</a> hair</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半閉前不圓唇元音">eː</a></big></td> <td>eben, gehen, Meer</td> <td>mate</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="次閉前不圓唇元音">ɪ</a></big></td> <td>ist</td> <td>sit</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="閉前不圓唇元音">iː</a></big></td> <td>liebe, Berlin, ihm</td> <td>seed</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半開後圓唇元音">ɔ</a></big></td> <td>kommen</td> <td>off</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半閉後圓唇元音">oː</a></big></td> <td>oder, hohe, Boot</td> <td>story</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半開前圓唇元音">œ</a></big></td> <td>öffnen</td> <td>近似 hurt; <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%AE%A4%E5%8F%91%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="公认发音">标准英音</a> ugh</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半閉前圓唇元音">øː</a></big></td> <td>Österreich, Möhre, adieu</td> <td>近似 heard</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="次閉後圓唇元音">ʊ</a></big></td> <td>und</td> <td>pull</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="閉後圓唇元音">uː</a></big></td> <td>Hut, Kuh</td> <td>tool</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="次閉前圓唇元音">ʏ</a></big></td> <td>müssen, Ypsilon</td> <td>近似 cute</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="閉前圓唇元音">yː</a></big></td> <td>über, Mühe, psychisch</td> <td>近似 few</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="双元音">双元音</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">aɪ</big></td> <td>ein, Kaiser, Haydn, Verleih, Speyer</td> <td>high</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">aʊ</big></td> <td>auf</td> <td>vow</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">ɔʏ</big></td> <td>Euro, Häuser</td> <td>choice</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%BC%B1%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="元音弱化">弱元音</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%8B%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="次開央元音">ɐ</a></big></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">ər</big></td> <td>immer<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-r-allophones-4">[4]</a></td> <td>德德、奥德：frustration 瑞德：苏格兰英语 letter<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-schwas-11">[11]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中央元音">ə</a></big></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中前不圆唇元音">ɛ</a></big></td> <td>Name</td> <td>德德：balance (而不是 sofa)<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-schwas-11">[11]</a> 奥德、瑞德：bet<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半元音">半元音</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">ɐ̯</big></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">r</big></td> <td>Uhr<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-r-allophones-4">[4]</a></td> <td>德德、奥德：sofa 瑞德：苏格兰英语 far</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="閉前不圓唇元音">i̯</a></big></td> <td>Studie, Italien</td> <td>yard</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半閉後圓唇元音">o̯</a></big></td> <td>Pointe<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-semivowels-13">[13]</a></td> <td>quite</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="閉後圓唇元音">u̯</a></big></td> <td>Linguist, Gouache<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-semivowels-13">[13]</a></td> <td>would</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="閉前圓唇元音">y̑</a></big></td> <td>Etui<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-semivowels-13">[13]</a></td> <td>近似 evaluation</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">短元音</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半閉前不圓唇元音">e</a></big></td> <td>Element<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-shorttense-14">[14]</a></td> <td>略似 dress</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="閉前不圓唇元音">i</a></big></td> <td>Italien<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-shorttense-14">[14]</a></td> <td>seat</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半閉後圓唇元音">o</a></big></td> <td>originell<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-shorttense-14">[14]</a></td> <td>story，但是更短</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半閉前圓唇元音">ø</a></big></td> <td>Ökonomie<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-shorttense-14">[14]</a></td> <td>略似 hurt</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="閉後圓唇元音">u</a></big></td> <td>Universität, Souvenir<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-shorttense-14">[14]</a></td> <td>cesspool</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="閉前圓唇元音">y</a></big></td> <td>Psychologie<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-shorttense-14">[14]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="現代標準漢語">普通话/国语</a> 鱼</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">非原生元音（外来语）</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">ãː</big></td> <td>Gourmand, Engagement, Restaurant, Chance<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nasalV-15">[15]</a></td> <td>法语 Provence</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">ɛ̃ː</big></td> <td>Pointe<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nasalV-15">[15]</a></td> <td>法语 quinze</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">ɛɪ</big></td> <td>Mail<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-middiphthongs-16">[16]</a></td> <td>face</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">õː</big></td> <td>Garçon<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nasalV-15">[15]</a></td> <td>法语 Le Monde</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">ɔː</big></td> <td>stalken, Motherboard<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a></td> <td>dog</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">ɔʊ</big></td> <td>Code<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-middiphthongs-16">[16]</a></td> <td>goal</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">œ̃ː</big></td> <td>Parfum<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nasalV-15">[15]</a></td> <td>法语 emprunte</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">œːɐ̯</big></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">øːr</big></td> <td>surfen, Flirt<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a></td> <td>略似<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%AE%A4%E5%8F%91%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="公认发音">标准英音</a> bird</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">非原生短元音</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="鼻化元音">ã</a></big></td> <td>engagieren<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nasalV-15">[15]</a></td> <td>法语 chanson</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="鼻化元音">ɛ̃</a></big></td> <td>impair<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nasalV-15">[15]</a></td> <td>法语 vingt-et-un</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="鼻化元音">õ</a></big></td> <td>foncé<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nasalV-15">[15]</a></td> <td>法语 Mont Blanc</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="鼻化元音">œ̃</a></big></td> <td>Lundist<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nasalV-15">[15]</a></td> <td>法语 vingt-et-un</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="注释" data-mw-thread-id="h-注释">注释</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：注释" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a>  </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fortislenis-1">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fortislenis_1-0">1.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fortislenis_1-1">1.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fortislenis_1-2">1.2</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fortislenis_1-3">1.3</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fortislenis_1-4">1.4</a> In Austrian Standard German and Swiss Standard German, the lenis obstruents <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/b, d, ɡ, dʒ, ʒ/ are voiceless <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, d̥ʒ̊, ʒ̊] and are distinguished from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/p, t, k, tʃ, ʃ/ only by articulatory strength ( <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/v/ is really voiced, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/s/ is the only alveolar fricative). The distinction is also retained word-finally. In German Standard German, voiceless <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, z̥, d̥ʒ̊, ʒ̊] as well as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[v̥] occur allophonically after fortis obstruents and, for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/b, d, ɡ/, often also word-initially. See <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fortis_and_lenis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fortis and lenis（页面不存在）">fortis and lenis</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-devoicing-2">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-devoicing_2-0">2.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-devoicing_2-1">2.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-devoicing_2-2">2.2</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-devoicing_2-3">2.3</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-devoicing_2-4">2.4</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-devoicing_2-5">2.5</a> In German Standard German, voiced stops <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/b, d, ɡ/ are devoiced to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[p, t, k] at the end of a syllable.</li> <li id="cite_note-dorsalfricatives-3">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dorsalfricatives_3-0">3.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dorsalfricatives_3-1">3.1</a> [<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清硬腭擦音">ç</a>] and [<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清軟腭擦音">x</a>] belong to one phoneme traditionally transcribed <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/x/. The velar allophone appears after back vowels and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/a, aː/ and it may instead be uvular [<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清小舌擦音">χ</a>], depending on the variety and speaker. In this guide, the difference between velar and uvular allophones is ignored and both are written with ⟨x⟩.</li> <li id="cite_note-r-allophones-4">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-r-allophones_4-0">4.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-r-allophones_4-1">4.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-r-allophones_4-2">4.2</a> Pronunciation of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/r/ in German varies according to region and speaker. While older prescriptive pronunciation dictionaries allowed only <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[r], that pronunciation is now found mainly in Switzerland, <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴伐利亚">Bavaria</a> and Austria. In other regions, the uvular pronunciation prevails, mainly as a fricative/approximant <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ʁ]. In many regions except for most parts of Switzerland, the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/r/ in the <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="音节">syllable coda</a> is vocalized to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ɐ̯] after long vowels or after all vowels, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ər/ is pronounced as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ɐ]. Also, in <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德國南部">southern Germany</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ɐ/ is alternatively realized as [<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中央元音">ə</a>].</li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a> The glottal stop occurs in <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德國標準德語">German Standard German</a>. It is not transcribed phrase-initially, where it is just as likely to be used in English as it is in German. Word- and phrase-internal glottal stops are transcribed. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥地利德语">Austrian</a> or <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瑞士標準德語">Swiss Standard German</a> does not have glottal stops (<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKrech_et_al.2009">Krech et al. 2009</a>，第236, 262頁).</li> <li id="cite_note-postalveolarlenis-6">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-postalveolarlenis_6-0">6.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-postalveolarlenis_6-1">6.1</a> Many speakers lack the lenis <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ʒ/ and replace it with its fortis counterpart <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ʃ/ (<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHall2003">Hall 2003</a>，第42頁). The same applies to the corresponding lenis <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/dʒ/, which also tends to be replaced with its fortis counterpart <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/tʃ/. According to the prescriptive standard, such pronunciations are not correct.</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a> Used in some loanwords from English, especially by younger speakers.</li> <li id="cite_note-th-8">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-th_8-0">8.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-th_8-1">8.1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ð/ and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/θ/, occurring in English loans, may be substituted with any of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/d, z, v/ and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/t, s, f/, respectively.</li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> Often replaced with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/v/.</li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a> In <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北德國">northern Germany</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ɛː/ often merges with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/eː/ into [<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半閉前不圓唇元音">eː</a>].</li> <li id="cite_note-schwas-11">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-schwas_11-0">11.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-schwas_11-1">11.1</a> As several other Germanic languages, Standard German has mid [<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中央元音">ə</a>] and open [<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%8B%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="次開央元音">ɐ</a>] schwas. Care must be taken to clearly distinguish between the two. In English, the former appears in words such as balance, cannon and chairman and the latter variably in sofa, China (especially at the very end of utterance) and, in some dialects, also in ago and again, but one needs to remember that Standard German [<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%8B%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="次開央元音">ɐ</a>] has no such free variation and is always open, just as [<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中央元音">ə</a>] is always mid. In some English dialects, an unstressed <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ʌ/ in words such as frustration and justiciable is a perfect replacement for Standard German [<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%8B%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="次開央元音">ɐ</a>]. Also, especially in <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德國南部">southern Germany</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ɐ/ often merges with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ə/ into [<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中央元音">ə</a>].</li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a> In Austria and Switzerland, the most common realization of syllable-final <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ə/ is [<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中前不圆唇元音">ɛ̝</a>] (<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKrech_et_al.2009">Krech et al. 2009</a>，第246頁), here transcribed as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ɛ] for simplicity.</li> <li id="cite_note-semivowels-13">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-semivowels_13-0">13.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-semivowels_13-1">13.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-semivowels_13-2">13.2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/o̯, u̯, y̑/ only occur in certain unadapted or partly unadapted loanwords.</li> <li id="cite_note-shorttense-14">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-shorttense_14-0">14.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-shorttense_14-1">14.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-shorttense_14-2">14.2</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-shorttense_14-3">14.3</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-shorttense_14-4">14.4</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-shorttense_14-5">14.5</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[e, i, o, ø, u, y], the short versions of the long vowels <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[eː, iː, oː, øː, uː, yː], are used at the end of unstressed syllables before the accented syllable and occur mainly in loanwords. In native words, the accent is generally on the first syllable, and syllables before the accent other than prepositional prefixes are rare but occasionally occur, e.g. in jedoch <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[jeˈdɔx], soeben <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[zoˈʔeːbn̩], vielleicht <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[fiˈlaɪçt] etc. In casual speech short <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[e, i, o, ø, u, y] preceding a phonemic consonant (i.e., not a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ʔ]) may be replaced with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, œ, ʊ, ʏ], e.g. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[jɛˈdɔx], <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[fɪˈlaɪçt] (<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMangold2005">Mangold 2005</a>，第65頁).</li> <li id="cite_note-nasalV-15">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nasalV_15-0">15.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nasalV_15-1">15.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nasalV_15-2">15.2</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nasalV_15-3">15.3</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nasalV_15-4">15.4</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nasalV_15-5">15.5</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nasalV_15-6">15.6</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nasalV_15-7">15.7</a> The nasal vowels occur in French loans. They are long <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ãː, ɛ̃ː, õː, œ̃ː] when stressed and short <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ã, ɛ̃, õ, œ̃] when unstressed. In colloquial speech they may be replaced with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[aŋ, ɛŋ, ɔŋ, œŋ] irrespective of length, and the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ŋ] in these sequences may optionally be <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E5%90%8C%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="語音同化">assimilated</a> to the <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="调音部位">place of articulation</a> of a following consonant, e.g. Ensemble <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[aŋˈsaŋbl̩] or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[anˈsambl̩] for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ãˈsãːbl̩] (<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMangold2005">Mangold 2005</a>，第65頁).</li> <li id="cite_note-middiphthongs-16">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-middiphthongs_16-0">16.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-middiphthongs_16-1">16.1</a> The diphthongs <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ɛɪ, ɔʊ/ occur only in loanwords (mostly from English), such as okay. Depending on the speaker and the region, they may be monophthongized to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[eː, oː] (or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[e, o] in an unstressed syllable-final position). Thus, the aforementioned word okay can be pronounced as either <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ɔʊˈkɛɪ] or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[oˈkeː].</li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> The long vowel <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ɔː/ occurs only in English loanwords, and is often replaced with the native short <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ɔ/ or long <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/oː/, according to the speaker and where it occurs in a word.</li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[œːɐ̯] or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[øːr] is the German rendering of the English <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r58909830">.mw-parser-output .smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output .nocaps{text-transform:lowercase}</style>NURSE vowel <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:英語國際音標">/ɜːr/</a> and sometimes the French stressed <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">fr (<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKrech_et_al.2009">Krech et al. 2009</a>，第64, 142頁), when it is not realized as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[øːɐ̯]/ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[øːr].</li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="参考文献" data-mw-thread-id="h-参考文献">参考文献</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：参考文献" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a>  </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style> <div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul> <li><cite id="CITEREFHall2003" class="citation">Hall, Christopher, Modern German pronunciation: An introduction for speakers of English 2nd, Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2003 [First published 1992], <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7190-6689-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/0-7190-6689-1">ISBN 0-7190-6689-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3A%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.btitle=Modern+German+pronunciation%3A+An+introduction+for+speakers+of+English&rft.date=2003&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7190-6689-1&rft.place=Manchester%2C+UK&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKrech_et_al.2009" class="citation">Krech, Eva Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz-Christian, Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch, Berlin; New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009, <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-11-018202-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-11-018202-6">ISBN 978-3-11-018202-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3A%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&rft.au=Anders%2C+Lutz-Christian&rft.au=Hirschfeld%2C+Ursula&rft.au=Stock%2C+Eberhard&rft.aufirst=Eva+Maria&rft.aulast=Krech&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22de%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22de%22%3E-%7BDeutsches+Aussprachew%C3%B6rterbuch%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-11-018202-6&rft.place=Berlin%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMangold2005" class="citation"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Max_Mangold&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Max Mangold（页面不存在）">Mangold, Max</a>, Das Aussprachewörterbuch 6th, Duden, 2005, <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3411040667?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/978-3411040667">ISBN 978-3411040667</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3A%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.aulast=Mangold&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22de%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22de%22%3E-%7BDas+Aussprachew%C3%B6rterbuch%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=6th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3411040667&rft.pub=Duden&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Insular_Catalan" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Insular Catalan">Help:IPA/Insular Catalan</a>）</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%88%87%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%BA%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:切羅基語國際音標">切羅基語</a></li> <li>汉语 <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:现代标准汉语国际音标">普通话/国语/华语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:广州话国际音标">廣州話</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E6%99%8B%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:晋语国际音标（页面不存在）">晋语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Jin_Chinese" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Jin Chinese">Help:IPA/Jin Chinese</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A9%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:臺灣話國際音標">臺灣話</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A9%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E5%84%AA%E5%8B%A2%E8%85%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:臺灣話國際音標/優勢腔">優勢腔</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:泉州話國際音標">泉州話</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%AF%9D%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:上海话国际音标">上海话</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E6%B9%98%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:湘语国际音标（页面不存在）">湘语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Xiang_Chinese" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese">Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese</a>）</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E5%98%89%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:科西嘉語國際音標">科西嘉語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:捷克語國際音標">捷克語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:丹麥語國際音標">丹麥語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:波斯語國際音標">達利語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:多斯拉克語國際音標">多斯拉克語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:荷蘭語國際音標">荷蘭語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:英語國際音標">英語</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英語國際音標列表">方言</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:古英語國際音標">古英語</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E8%89%BE%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A-%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%B6%85%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:艾米利亚-罗马涅语国际音标（页面不存在）">艾米利亚-罗马涅语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol">Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:世界語國際音標">世界語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:愛沙尼亞語國際音標">愛沙尼亞語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF-%E8%90%8A%E6%98%82%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:阿斯圖里亞斯-萊昂語國際音標">埃斯特雷馬杜拉語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%96%90%E6%BF%9F%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:斐濟語國際音標">斐濟語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:芬蘭語國際音標">芬蘭語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B-%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E6%97%BA%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:法蘭克-普羅旺斯語國際音標">法蘭克-普羅旺斯語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:法語國際音標">法語</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:路易斯安那克里奧爾法語國際音標">路易斯安那克里奧爾</a></li> </ul></li> <li>弗里斯兰语 <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%96%A9%E7%89%B9%E8%8F%B2%E5%A3%AB%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:薩特菲士蘭語國際音標">萨特弗里斯兰语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%A5%BF%E8%8F%B2%E5%A3%AB%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:西菲士蘭語國際音標">西弗里斯兰语</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:加利西亞語國際音標">加利西亞語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:格鲁吉亚语国际音标">格鲁吉亚语</a></li> <li>德语 <ul> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">标准</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:阿勒曼尼语国际音标">阿勒曼尼</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E7%A7%91%E9%9A%86%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:科隆方言国际音标（页面不存在）">科隆</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Colognian" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Colognian">Help:IPA/Colognian</a>）</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E8%88%87%E6%89%8E%E6%89%8E%E5%85%B6-%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:庫爾德語與扎扎其-古拉尼語國際音標">古拉尼語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:希臘語國際音標">希臘語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%93%9C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:瓜拉尼語國際音標">瓜拉尼語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:格陵兰语国际音标（页面不存在）">格陵兰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Greenlandic" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Greenlandic">Help:IPA/Greenlandic</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:古吉拉特語國際音標">古吉拉特語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:海地克里奥尔语国际音标">海地克里奥尔语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%A4%8F%E5%A8%81%E5%A4%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:夏威夷語國際音標">夏威夷語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:希伯来语国际音标">希伯来语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%9E%E8%88%87%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E9%83%BD%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:印地語與烏爾都語國際音標">印地語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:苗语国际音标（页面不存在）">苗语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Hmong">Help:IPA/Hmong</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:匈牙利語國際音標">匈牙利語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:冰島語國際音標">冰島語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E4%BC%8A%E5%8D%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:伊博语国际音标（页面不存在）">伊博语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Igbo">Help:IPA/Igbo</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:馬來語國際音標">印尼语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E5%85%8B%E6%8F%90%E5%9C%96%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:伊努克提圖特語國際音標">伊努克提圖特語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:伊努皮亞克語國際音標">伊努皮亞克語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:爱尔兰语国际音标">爱尔兰语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:老挝语国际音标">依善語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:意大利語國際音標">意大利語</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E4%B8%AD%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:中意大利语国际音标（页面不存在）">方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Central Italian">Help:IPA/Central Italian</a>）</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:日語國際音標">日語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BA%B7%E7%B4%8D%E9%81%94%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:康納達語國際音標">康納達語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:喀什米爾語國際音標">克什米尔语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:哈萨克语国际音标">哈萨克语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%AB%98%E6%A3%89%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:高棉語國際音標">高棉語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E8%B2%A2%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:克林貢語國際音標">克林貢語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:韓語國際音標">韓語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E8%88%87%E6%89%8E%E6%89%8E%E5%85%B6-%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:庫爾德語與扎扎其-古拉尼語國際音標">庫爾德語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:柯尔克孜语国际音标（页面不存在）">柯尔克孜语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Help:IPA/Kyrgyz</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A1%94%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:拉科塔语国际音标（页面不存在）">拉科塔语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Lakota">Help:IPA/Lakota</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:老挝语国际音标">老挝语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:拉丁語國際音標">拉丁語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:拉脫維亞語國際音標">拉脫維亞語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%8B%89%E8%8C%B2%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:拉茲語國際音標">拉茲語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:利古里亚语国际音标（页面不存在）">利古里亚语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Ligurian">Help:IPA/Ligurian</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:立陶宛语国际音标">立陶宛语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E4%BC%A6%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:伦巴第语国际音标">伦巴第语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:卢森堡语国际音标">卢森堡语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:马其顿语国际音标">马其顿语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:馬拉加斯語國際音標">馬拉加斯語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:馬來語國際音標">馬來語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:馬拉雅拉姆語國際音標">馬拉雅拉姆語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:马耳他语国际音标">马耳他语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%BB%BF%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:滿語國際音標">滿語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:曼島語國際音標">曼島語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:毛利语国际音标（页面不存在）">毛利语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/M%25C4%2581ori" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Māori">Help:IPA/Māori</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:马拉地语国际音标">马拉地语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%A6%AC%E7%B4%B9%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:馬紹爾語國際音標">馬紹爾語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:毛里求斯克里奥尔语国际音标（页面不存在）">毛里求斯克里奥尔语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:瑪雅語國際音標">瑪雅語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%98%8E%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%97%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:明格列爾語國際音標">明格列爾語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:蒙古語國際音標">蒙古語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF-%E8%90%8A%E6%98%82%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:阿斯圖里亞斯-萊昂語國際音標">米兰达语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%BA%B3%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:纳瓦特尔语国际音标">纳瓦特尔语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%B4%8D%E7%93%A6%E8%8D%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:納瓦荷語國際音標">纳瓦霍语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:那不勒斯语国际音标">那不勒斯语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:尼泊爾語國際音標">尼泊爾語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%8C%97%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:北泰語國際音標">北泰語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:挪威語國際音標">挪威語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:奧克語國際音標">奧克語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%A5%A7%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:奧里亞語國際音標">奧里亞語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%A5%A7%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%AB%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:奧羅莫語國際音標">奧羅莫語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%A5%A7%E5%A1%9E%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:奧塞提亞語國際音標">奧塞提亞語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:普什图语国际音标（页面不存在）">普什图语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Pashto">Help:IPA/Pashto</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:波斯語國際音標">波斯語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:皮埃蒙特語國際音標">皮埃蒙特語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:波蘭語國際音標">波蘭語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:葡萄牙語國際音標">葡萄牙語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:旁遮普语国际音标">旁遮普语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%98%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:克丘亞語國際音標">克丘亞語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:羅馬尼亞語國際音標">羅馬尼亞語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E4%BB%80%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:羅曼什語國際音標">羅曼什</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:俄語國際音標">俄語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%A2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:梵語國際音標">梵語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%92%92%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:撒丁语国际音标">撒丁语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E7%9B%96%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:苏格兰盖尔语国际音标">苏格兰盖尔语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A-%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语国际音标">塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%96%AF%E9%AB%98%E5%85%8B%E5%80%AB%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:斯高克倫語國際音標">斯高克倫語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%92%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%88%87%E5%82%A3%E4%BB%82%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:撣語與傣仂語國際音標">撣語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:西西里語國際音標">西西里語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:斯洛伐克語國際音標">斯洛伐克語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:斯洛文尼亚语国际音标">斯洛文尼亚语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:索布语国际音标（页面不存在）">索布语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Sorbian">Help:IPA/Sorbian</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:西班牙语国际音标">西班牙语</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:犹太西班牙语国际音标">犹太</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%96%AF%E5%87%A1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:斯凡語國際音標">斯凡語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:斯瓦希里語國際音標">斯瓦希里語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%81%A9%E5%8F%A4%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:恩古尼語國際音標">斯威士语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:瑞典語國際音標">瑞典語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E9%94%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%AB%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:锡尔赫特语国际音标（页面不存在）">锡尔赫特语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Sylheti">Help:IPA/Sylheti</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E4%BB%96%E5%8A%A0%E7%A5%BF%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:他加祿語國際音標">他加祿語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%92%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%88%87%E5%82%A3%E4%BB%82%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:撣語與傣仂語國際音標">傣仂語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:波斯語國際音標">塔吉克语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:泰米尔语国际音标">泰米尔语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:韃靼語國際音標">韃靼語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E6%B3%B0%E5%8D%A2%E5%9B%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:泰卢固语国际音标（页面不存在）">泰卢固语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Telugu">Help:IPA/Telugu</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:泰语国际音标">泰语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:藏語國際音標">藏語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%8F%90%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:提格利尼亞語國際音標">提格雷尼亚语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:土耳其語國際音標">土耳其語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%AB%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:土庫曼語國際音標">土庫曼語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:烏克蘭語國際音標">烏克蘭語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%9E%E8%88%87%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E9%83%BD%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:印地語與烏爾都語國際音標">烏爾都語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%83%8F%E5%AD%9C%E5%88%A5%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:烏孜別克語國際音標">烏孜別克語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:威尼斯語國際音標">威尼斯語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:越南語國際音標">越南語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E7%93%A6%E9%9A%86%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:瓦隆語國際音標">瓦隆語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%B1%AA%E9%81%94%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:汪達曼語國際音標">汪達曼語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E5%A3%AB%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:威爾士語國際音標">威爾士語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%81%A9%E5%8F%A4%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:恩古尼語國際音標">科萨语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:意第緒語國際音標">意第緒語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E7%BA%A6%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:约鲁巴语国际音标（页面不存在）">约鲁巴语</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Yoruba">Help:IPA/Yoruba</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E8%88%87%E6%89%8E%E6%89%8E%E5%85%B6-%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:庫爾德語與扎扎其-古拉尼語國際音標">扎扎其語</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:壮语国际音标">壮语</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%81%A9%E5%8F%A4%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:恩古尼語國際音標">祖鲁语</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ADE69E;;width:1%;background-color: #C7FDB8;">比較</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87%E6%83%AF%E4%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Help:英语国际音标惯例（页面不存在）">英语国际音标惯例</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/Conventions for English">Help:IPA/Conventions for English</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%99%BC%E9%9F%B3%E9%87%8D%E6%8B%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:發音重拼">發音重拼</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%91%E9%9F%B3%E9%87%8D%E6%8B%BC%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英语发音重拼法">英语发音重拼</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ADE69E;;width:1%;background-color: #C7FDB8;">入門指南</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:國際音標">IPA符號</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/音标">格式手冊：音標</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> 检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DHelp:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87%26oldid%3D85267728">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:德语国际音标&oldid=85267728</a>” </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> 最后编辑于2024年12月10日 (星期二) 21:45 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>语言</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh" hreflang="zh">不转换</a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-hans/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans">简体</a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-hant/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant">繁體</a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-cn/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN">大陆简体</a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-hk/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK">香港繁體</a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-mo/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO">澳門繁體</a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-my/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY">大马简体</a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-sg/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG">新加坡简体</a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-tw/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW">臺灣正體</a></li> </ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A4%25D9%2585%25DA%25A9:%25D8%25A2%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25E2%2580%258C%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25E2%2580%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AE%25D9%2584%25D9%2582_%25D9%2581%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2581%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C" title="کؤمک:آلمان دیلی‌نین بین‌الخلق فونتیکا الیفباسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کؤمک:آلمان دیلی‌نین بین‌الخلق فونتیکا الیفباسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A4%25A6:IPA/Standard_German" title="मदद:IPA/Standard German – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मदद:IPA/Standard German" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE:%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2582%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BE_%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC_%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8_%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B0_%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A3%25E0%25A7%2580%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25A3" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:বাংলা ভাষায় জার্মান শব্দের প্রতিবর্ণীকরণ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:বাংলা ভাষায় জার্মান শব্দের প্রতিবর্ণীকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizherenneg_fonetik_etrebroadel_evit_an_alamaneg" title="Lizherenneg fonetik etrebroadel evit an alamaneg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizherenneg fonetik etrebroadel evit an alamaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Help:IPA/Standard German" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayuda:AFI/Alem%25C3%25A1n" title="Ayuda:AFI/Alemán – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ayuda:AFI/Alemán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Jerman – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590:IPA_%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1" title="დახმარება:IPA გერმანულისთვის – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დახმარება:IPA გერმანულისთვის" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%25C3%25AEkar%25C3%25AE:IPA_ji_bo_alman%25C3%25AE" title="Alîkarî:IPA ji bo almanî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alîkarî:IPA ji bo almanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:AFA/Jerman_Baku" title="Bantuan:AFA/Jerman Baku – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bantuan:AFA/Jerman Baku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%258A%25E1%2580%25AE:IPA_for_German" title="အကူအညီ:IPA for German – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အကူအညီ:IPA for German" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25A6%25E0%25A8%25A6:%25E0%25A8%259C%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25A8_%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%2588_IPA" title="ਮਦਦ:ਜਰਮਨ ਲਈ IPA – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਦਦ:ਜਰਮਨ ਲਈ IPA" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%25C3%25A9dia:AFI_para_alem%25C3%25A3o" title="Wikipédia:AFI para alemão – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:AFI para alemão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%258B%25E0%25B6%25AF%25E0%25B7%2580%25E0%25B7%2594:IPA/Standard_German" title="උදවු:IPA/Standard German – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උදවු:IPA/Standard German" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Help:IPA/Standard German" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0:%25D0%25A2%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3_%25D1%2598%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Википедија:Транскрипција са немачког језика – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Википедија:Транскрипција са немачког језика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0:%25D0%259C%25D0%25A4%25D0%2590/%25D0%259D%25D1%2596%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2586%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Довідка:МФА/Німецька – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Довідка:МФА/Німецька" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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