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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Ramzan Kadyrov - RationalWiki</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":!1,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"Z0pSvraeWJXyH0ShY4grxwAAANI","wgCSPNonce":!1,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":!1,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ramzan_Kadyrov","wgTitle":"Ramzan Kadyrov","wgCurRevisionId":2682624,"wgRevisionId":2682624,"wgArticleId":190799,"wgIsArticle":!0,"wgIsRedirect":!1,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using DynamicPageList parser function","Politics","Authoritarianism","Conservative deceit","Crimes against humanity","Dictators","Fascists","Genocide","Homophobes","Islamic fundamentalism","Living people","Machismo","Muslims","Russian politicians","Sexists","Shysters","Transphobes","Totalitarianism", "Islamic extremism","Racists","Vatniks","War criminals"],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ramzan_Kadyrov","wgRelevantArticleId":190799,"wgIsProbablyEditable":!0,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":!0,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":!0,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":!0};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","mediawiki.toc.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@1hzgi",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); });});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cmediawiki.toc.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.35.6"/> <meta name="description" content="Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov (1976–) is the current dictator of Chechnya, a semi-independent republic within the Russian Federation. 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href="https://youtu.be/9WKvCUGUhto?t=506">Ain't no homosexuals here, pal.</a></div></div></div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #1E90FF; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF"><b>Oh no, they're talking about</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics"><font size="4" color="White"><b>Politics</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#97DEFF;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics"><img alt="Icon politics.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/f/f2/Icon_politics.svg/100px-Icon_politics.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/f/f2/Icon_politics.svg/150px-Icon_politics.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/f/f2/Icon_politics.svg/200px-Icon_politics.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF; text-align:center;"><b>Theory</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#97DEFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">Political party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government" title="List of forms of government">forms of</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF; text-align:center;"><b>Practice</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#97DEFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">International relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy"><font color="white">Philosophies</font></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#97DEFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_theory" title="Horseshoe theory">Horseshoe theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nolan_chart" title="Nolan chart">Nolan chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_terms" title="Category:Political terms"><font color="white">Terms</font></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#97DEFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">Monetary policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingnut_welfare" title="Wingnut welfare">Wingnut welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith-based_initiative" title="Faith-based initiative">Faith-based initiative</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF; text-align:center;"><b>As usual</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#97DEFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VisualPolitik" title="VisualPolitik">VisualPolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF; text-align:center;"><b>Country sections</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#97DEFF;"> <center><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_politics" title="Category:United States politics"><img alt="United States politics" 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src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/35px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="25" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/53px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/70px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_politics" title="Category:Japanese politics"><img alt="Japanese politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="23" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/53px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/70px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:South_Korean_politics" title="Category:South Korean politics"><img alt="South Korean politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="23" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/53px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/70px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Turkish_politics" title="Category:Turkish politics"><img alt="Turkish politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="23" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/53px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/70px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> </center> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics" title="Template:Politics">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics" title="Template talk:Politics">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Politics&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>…an old story, repeated many times in our history: the Kremlin fosters a baby dragon, which it then has to keep feeding to stop him from setting everything on fire.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—Anna Politkovskaya, murdered investigative journalist<sup id="cite_ref-Dragon_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dragon-1">[1]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov</b> (1976–) is the current dictator of Chechnya, a semi-independent <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>. He is a full-time <a href="/wiki/Autocrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocrat">autocrat</a> with the rank of lieutenant general and a part-time <a href="/wiki/Social_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Social media">social media</a> celebrity.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> Kadyrov stands accused of doing a number of illegal and unethical things, including violations of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> This doesn't really bother him all that much, though, since he has a private army and the personal backing of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>. Similar to Putin he cultivates a fearsome reputation by projecting his supposedly immense strength, yet physically he is a hilariously unintimidating twerp.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> </p><p>One might think that giving a man state honours, legal protection and almost 60 billion rubles (approx. 800 million US dollars) a year would guarantee his loyalty and subservience - and certainly, Kadyrov tries hard to come across as Putin's biggest fan.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> The truth, however, is that Ramzan can do pretty much whatever he wants within Chechnya with no interference from Moscow because he has crushed all his rivals, silenced his critics and appointed his family members to all the top administrative positions in Chechnya. He is literally the only game left in town.<sup id="cite_ref-Yashin_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yashin-7">[7]</a></sup> </p><p>At any point, for any reason, Kadyrov can start the Third Chechen War whenever he feels like it — so pissing him off is not what the Kremlin wants regardless of how much they personally dislike him. Likewise, Kadyrov knows better than to mess with the Kremlin and piss off Putin, so he obeys direct orders from Putin and his cronies as a useful tool for their interests, otherwise he would've been merked.<sup id="cite_ref-Yashin_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yashin-7">[7]</a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Ramzan.27s_many_accomplishments"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Ramzan's many accomplishments</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Killing_democracy"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Killing democracy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Oppressing_women.27s_rights_and_freedom_of_religion"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Oppressing women's rights and freedom of religion</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Torturing_and_falsely_imprisoning_his_citizens"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Torturing and falsely imprisoning his citizens</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Persecuting_homosexuals"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Persecuting homosexuals</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Oppressing_free_speech"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Oppressing free speech</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Magically_making_his_critics_die"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Magically making his critics die</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Oh_come_on.2C_it_can.27t_all_be_bad..._right.3F"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Oh come on, it can't <i>all</i> be bad... right?</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Defeating_the_extremists_.28sorta.2C_kinda.2C_not_really.29"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Defeating the extremists (sorta, kinda, not really)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Rebuilding_Chechnya"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Rebuilding Chechnya</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span id="Ramzan's_many_accomplishments"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Ramzan.27s_many_accomplishments">Ramzan's many accomplishments</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kadyrov&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ramzan's many accomplishments">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Killing_democracy">Killing democracy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kadyrov&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Killing democracy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Ramzan's main qualification to be the leader of Chechnya is <a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism"> being his father's son</a>. He spent the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Chechen_War" class="extiw" title="wp:First Chechen War" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: First Chechen War">First Chechen War</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> fighting for his country's independence and killing Russians under the leadership of his father, Akhmad.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[note 1]</a></sup> A few years later, during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" class="extiw" title="wp:Second Chechen War" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>, Akhmad and his men decided that fighting for independence wasn't for them anymore and switched to fighting <i>with</i> the Russians, turning on their former allies. Putin rewarded this behavior by putting him in charge of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[note 2]</a></sup> Ramzan's father was in charge until 2004 when he was assassinated by Chechens who were annoyed with him for the whole switching sides thing. Putin, being a big advocate of <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>, immediately brought Ramzan to the Kremlin, whereupon he was anointed as his father's successor.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a></sup> He had few alternatives; in Chechnya, family and clan ties are of the utmost importance, meaning that Ramzan received the loyalty of his father's troops and allies the moment Akhmad died. </p><p>The law, however, required him to be 30-years old before he could assume the office of President, so he spent the next few years biding his time in a lesser office intimidating all his opponents and pretending he wasn't actually in charge before he officially got the top job in 2007. Since then he has ruled over Chechnya like a king, with no one daring to stand up to him. His power is absolute. Although the Chechen and Russian constitutions set out the basis of the legal framework in which he is supposed to operate, Ramzan does what he wants because there is nobody to tell him he can't. He has established a <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" class="mw-redirect" title="Cult of personality">cult of personality</a>, which he uses to keep his genuine admirers in awe and his detractors in perpetual fear. If his aura of power doesn't get the job done, his soldiers will.<sup id="cite_ref-Minefield_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minefield-11">[9]</a></sup> </p><p>Putin is content with this arrangement because Ramzan keeps the people of Chechnya obedient. The region went from being filled with violent separatists to a constituency where everyone is a Putin fan. Chechnya's voting turnout in elections is around 99%. A staggering 99% of the people vote for Putin's United Russia Party. Seeing as how this is the party of the man who bombed the crap out of Grozny just a few years ago one can probably guess they aren't voting for him because they suddenly really like him.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a></sup> </p><p>Kadyrov supports the war in Ukraine, threatening president Zelenskyy and claiming that Russia will forgive him if he calls Putin and negotiates with him to surrender and hand over Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a></sup> Kadyrov has also stated that Russia should invade Poland next once the mission to annex Ukraine is finished.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="Oppressing_women's_rights_and_freedom_of_religion"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Oppressing_women.27s_rights_and_freedom_of_religion">Oppressing women's rights and freedom of religion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kadyrov&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Oppressing women's rights and freedom of religion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In theory, Chechnya is subject to Russia's federal laws and should be a <a href="/wiki/Secular" title="Secular">secular</a> state. Under Kadyrov's rule, however, <a href="/wiki/Sharia_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia law">sharia law</a> and Adat<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[note 3]</a></sup> are just as important as Russian law, and the way in which the country functions is <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc</a> and inconsistent.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a></sup> </p><p>The promotion of traditional <a href="/wiki/Misogynistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Misogynistic">misogynistic</a> values is effectively state policy. <a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">Polygamy</a> is encouraged, <a href="/wiki/Honour_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Honour killings">honour killings</a> are considered normal as are bride kidnappings.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[note 4]</a></sup> While publicly denounced by Kadyrov, these activities are still being carried out (sometimes by the members of his inner circle or his security forces).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[14]</a></sup> Forced marriages are also not unheard of.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[15]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">Divorces</a> for women are tricky to get — and even if they do get them, there is a likelihood that lawyers and <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> clerics employed by the government will start pestering them into remarrying their ex-husbands.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[16]</a></sup> </p><p>Women are urged to follow Islamic dress codes, and those who refuse are subjected to harassment, verbal abuse, and intimidation (and <i>paintball guns</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[17]</a></sup> Sale of <a href="/wiki/Alcohol" title="Alcohol">alcohol</a> is restricted, as is the sale of food during <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[18]</a></sup> Islamic history is a compulsory subject in schools and Muslim scholars are specifically brought in to preach to young children about <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">morality</a> and acceptable social behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Torturing_and_falsely_imprisoning_his_citizens">Torturing and falsely imprisoning his citizens</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kadyrov&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Torturing and falsely imprisoning his citizens">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">Torture</a> as a tool of persuasion is widely used by Kadyrov's forces — whether to punish and turn rebel fighters, intimidate people who hold opposing views or just to let the locals know who is in charge. People are arrested without any <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a> and taken to secret prisons, where a number of techniques<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[note 5]</a></sup> are used to make prisoners confess to all sorts of crimes (real or imagined — doesn't matter). Upon release from detention, nobody speaks about the things they suffered; those who do are arrested again and tortured twice as hard<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[20]</a></sup> or are made to vanish off the face of the earth.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[21]</a></sup> </p><p>For Kadyrov, all dissent is unacceptable regardless of who criticises him. One can be a random teen posting their thoughts of him on social media<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[22]</a></sup> or his former government colleague.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[23]</a></sup> Speaking out is met with retribution not just to the critic but to their friends and family as well. This has garnered Kadyrov and his crew a fearsome reputation, to the point where critics all the way over in <i>Siberia</i> can be made to issue groveling public apologies after a few phone calls and some choice threats.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[24]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Persecuting_homosexuals">Persecuting homosexuals</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kadyrov&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Persecuting homosexuals">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main articles on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></div> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:287px;"><a href="/wiki/File:LGBT_in_Chechnya.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/LGBT_in_Chechnya.jpg/285px-LGBT_in_Chechnya.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="190" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/LGBT_in_Chechnya.jpg/428px-LGBT_in_Chechnya.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/LGBT_in_Chechnya.jpg/570px-LGBT_in_Chechnya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:LGBT_in_Chechnya.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The people of St. Petersburg protesting against Kadyrov's persecution of LGBT people. The widespread uproar caused by his inhumane actions caused him to have an epiphany, and... oh, whatever! We're not fooling anyone, are we?</div></div></div> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>The electric shocks and the bad beatings were only on the first day. During the rest of my time there, it was mainly random kicks and punches and being hit with a plastic hose. But the humiliation was the worst part of it. They called me a ‘woman,’ a ‘fag,’ an ‘ass-bugger’… the most offensive things one can call a man. They mocked me, taunted me. I could not stand it. I wished they just killed me.<sup id="cite_ref-Purge_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purge-30">[25]</a></sup></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Being a vocal critic or political opponent of Ramzan is not the only thing that can land one in trouble in Chechnya. Being a suspected homosexual can also be grounds for punishment. The country is deeply homophobic but not in a run-of-the-mill, "people get verbally abused a lot" sort of way. In Chechnya, gay men are actively persecuted by the state, arrested, transported to unofficial detention facilities, and tortured.<sup id="cite_ref-Purge_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purge-30">[25]</a></sup> Occasionally the people die in captivity, but the authorities don't actively try to execute them. They prefer to bring the captured men to their families and force them to out themselves in public. In most cases, this results in an honour killing, because the families would rather kill their gay relatives than living with the disgrace that such relatives are seen to bring to them.<sup id="cite_ref-Purge_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purge-30">[25]</a></sup> Why would the police do what the "good" citizens voluntarily do themselves? This behaviour of killing your relatives is actively encouraged by the state.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[26]</a></sup> </p><p>When questioned about gay <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentration camps">concentration camps</a>, Ramzan's responses tend to be a wild mixture of: </p> <ul><li>Claiming that it's all a lie and that <a href="/wiki/Shill_gambit" title="Shill gambit"> human rights groups smear him to get funding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[27]</a></sup></li> <li>Saying that it would be impossible for him to persecute these people, because there are NO gay people in Chechnya.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[28]</a></sup></li> <li>If Chechen families found out they had gay relatives, they would do their duty by executing them! No need for the government to do anything.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[29]</a></sup></li> <li>And, in pure hypothetical speculation, if these non-existent, immoral gay people who have been executed by their clan are still around in Chechnya, they should get the hell out of it and move to <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, or something.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[30]</a></sup></li></ul> <p>In the spring of 2017, as these events were coming to the attention of the wider world, a number of international parties have called on <a href="/wiki/Putin" class="mw-redirect" title="Putin"> Putin</a> to step in and do something.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[31]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[32]</a></sup> Predictably, strongly-worded letters from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and finger wagging from foreign politicians didn't really impress the Russian President (who isn't exactly a bastion of <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a> either).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[33]</a></sup> The official Russian investigations achieved absolutely nothing<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[34]</a></sup> and gay men are <i>still</i> being persecuted by the <a href="/wiki/Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Police">police</a> and at risk of being killed by their families.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[35]</a></sup> The reporter who broke the story about the purges has been violently assaulted by a Chechen mob and the frequent threats to her personal safety have forced her to hide in another country for a while.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[36]</a></sup> Some of the more fortunate victims have been able to flee the region and have been granted asylum in other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[38]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Oppressing_free_speech">Oppressing free speech</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kadyrov&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Oppressing free speech">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Free_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Free speech">Free speech</a></div> <p>Reporters Without Borders calls Kadyrov a "Predator of Press Freedom", an exclusive classification they reserve only for the most oppressive of rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[39]</a></sup> He has pretty much succeeded in eradicating independent media within his little kingdom. No news outlet in Chechnya would dare to go against him, seeing as how he pays their bills.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[40]</a></sup> Everyone who sings his praises and platforms his agenda gets rewarded; everyone who does the opposite gets branded as a traitor.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[41]</a></sup> </p><p>Independent <a href="/wiki/Journalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Journalist">journalists</a> and activists in the region who are brave enough to criticise him are intimidated, have their offices raided by masked men<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[42]</a></sup> or are thrown into prison on false charges. "Not praising Ramzan" isn't a crime for which one can be convicted for (yet), so putting <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">weed</a> in people's backpacks and torturing them until they confess to be drug smugglers seems to be the preferred method of getting things done.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a></sup> Even if one manages to steer clear of the official authorities, the environment of hatred and distrust Kadyrov has fostered ensures that local mobs take matters into their own hands and violently confront journalists or activists, whom they view as enemies seeking to destabilize their country.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[45]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a></sup> Must be nice having law abiding citizens doing the work that usually falls to the police. </p><p>Perhaps the most infamous example of this was when Kadyrov threw a fit over a commenter stating "you are not a person, you are satan" during an Instagram livestream and threatened to find and kill whoever made the comment, saying "I'll find you, and we'll see which one of us is Satan" and "I will destroy you" (proving the commenter's point). The commenter was later revealed to be a 15 year old boy, who had his family doxxed by Kadyrov's goons and revealed their place of residence. The boy and his family were forced to issue an apology to Kadyrov and the government, the entire family being visibly distressed. <sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[47]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magically_making_his_critics_die">Magically making his critics die</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kadyrov&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Magically making his critics die">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Politkovskaja_im_Gespr%C3%A4ch_mit_Christhard_L%C3%A4pple.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Anna_Politkovskaja_im_Gespr%C3%A4ch_mit_Christhard_L%C3%A4pple.jpg/200px-Anna_Politkovskaja_im_Gespr%C3%A4ch_mit_Christhard_L%C3%A4pple.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Anna_Politkovskaja_im_Gespr%C3%A4ch_mit_Christhard_L%C3%A4pple.jpg/300px-Anna_Politkovskaja_im_Gespr%C3%A4ch_mit_Christhard_L%C3%A4pple.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Anna_Politkovskaja_im_Gespr%C3%A4ch_mit_Christhard_L%C3%A4pple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="480" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Politkovskaja_im_Gespr%C3%A4ch_mit_Christhard_L%C3%A4pple.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>"Why has Ramzan vowed to kill me? I once interviewed him, and printed the interview just as he gave it, complete with all his characteristic moronic stupidity, ignorance and <a href="/wiki/Satanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Satanic">satanic</a> inclinations." - Politkovskaya</div></div></div> <p>It is striking how people who criticise him or his BFF Putin have a nasty habit of getting killed, although Kadyrov himself pleads ignorance of these murders, which just so happen to be carried out by men who have some sort of a connection to him. He has never been arrested, tried, or convicted of any wrongdoing.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[48]</a></sup> All these incidents, he claims, are a big smear campaign on his good name.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[49]</a></sup> </p><p>To name every person he is suspected of having ordered a hit on would be a Herculean task, so here's a selection of the more prominent ones: </p> <ul><li><b>Anna Politkovskaya</b>: An investigative reporter and a certified badass,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[50]</a></sup> Politkovskaya was murdered in her Moscow apartment in October 2006. She visited Chechnya a number of times, writing articles about the human rights abuses that went on there, as well as criticising the regime that carried them out.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[51]</a></sup> Five Chechens were sentenced for her murder<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[52]</a></sup> and the case was officially closed, but a number of observers have pointed out that the investigation stank to high hell and the person who hired the hitmen was never identified.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[53]</a></sup></li> <li><b>Umar Israilov</b>: Israilov was killed in January 2009, gunned down in the streets of Vienna in broad daylight. He fought against Russian and Kremlin-backed Chechen soldiers during the Second Chechen War before being kidnapped by Kadyrov. He claimed Kadyrov personally tortured him and threatened the lives of his relatives, forcing him to become one of his bodyguards. Israilov later fled Chechnya for Europe, where he was granted asylum. His father, who remained in Chechnya, was kidnapped and tortured by Kadyrov's men who wanted to know about his son's whereabouts. The elder Israilov was thrown in prison for ten months and, upon release, he left Chechnya for Norway. In the safety of Europe, both Umar and his father brought their cases to the European Court of Human Rights and gave interviews to news outlets detailing the war crimes carried out by Kadyrov and his soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[54]</a></sup> The authorities publicly stated that the Chechen men who were convicted of his murder had a connection to Kadyrov and that they suspected him of ordering the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[55]</a></sup></li> <li><b>Natalia Estemirova</b>: Abducted and killed in July 2009 in Chechnya, Estemirova was an award-winning human rights activist who has documented the cases of torture, kidnapping, and unlawful killing carried out in the region for about a decade.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[56]</a></sup> She was quite prominent amongst her colleagues, having worked with a number of non-governmental organisations and journalists (including another lady on this list, Anna Politkovskaya).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[57]</a></sup> It is widely believed her work in exposing the crimes of Chechen authorities is what prompted her murder. A number of her colleagues were deeply dissatisfied with the way the investigation into her death was carried out<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[58]</a></sup> - over ten years later still no one has been tried or convicted for her murder.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[59]</a></sup></li> <li><b>Boris Nemtsov</b>: One of the most prominent opposition politicians in Russia and a fearless critic of the Putin administration, Nemtsov was killed in February 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[60]</a></sup> He was shot in the back a few times within spitting distance of the Kremlin while walking home with his girlfriend. The five men charged with his murder were all Chechens and the suspected gunman, Zaur Dadayev, was an officer in Kadyrov's security forces. The man who supposedly hired them, Ruslan Mukhudinov, was also associated with the Chechen military. The mysteries of what his motive was or where he got 250,000 dollars from to hire assassins have led people to suspect that he was merely the middleman for the real mastermind of the murder.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[61]</a></sup></li> <li><b>Imran Aliev</b>: Aliev was a Chechen blogger who was an outspoken critic of both Putin and Kadyrov. Aliev is notable and makes this list because he <i>wasn't</i> notable. The man appears to have been a literal nobody, an average person with no political clout, who occasionally took too many painkillers and then went on long tirades about the things that go on in the Caucasus.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[62]</a></sup> He was killed in January 2020, found dead in a hotel room in Lille, France with multiple stab wounds in his neck.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[63]</a></sup> The main suspect in the case is believed to have fled to Russia and is suspected to have a connection to Kadyrov.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[64]</a></sup></li></ul> <h2><span id="Oh_come_on,_it_can't_all_be_bad..._right?"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Oh_come_on.2C_it_can.27t_all_be_bad..._right.3F">Oh come on, it can't <i>all</i> be bad... right?</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kadyrov&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Oh come on, it can't all be bad... right?">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:277px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_with_Ramzan_Kadyrov_(2018-06-15)_01.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vladimir_Putin_with_Ramzan_Kadyrov_%282018-06-15%29_01.jpg/275px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Ramzan_Kadyrov_%282018-06-15%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="170" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vladimir_Putin_with_Ramzan_Kadyrov_%282018-06-15%29_01.jpg/413px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Ramzan_Kadyrov_%282018-06-15%29_01.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vladimir_Putin_with_Ramzan_Kadyrov_%282018-06-15%29_01.jpg/550px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Ramzan_Kadyrov_%282018-06-15%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_with_Ramzan_Kadyrov_(2018-06-15)_01.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Dr. Evil and his sidekick, most likely discussing methods of intimidating journalists.</div></div></div> <p>Why does Putin keep a man like this in power? What possible benefit can be reaped by having a homophobic, sadistic, and ruthless <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Dictator" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictator">dictator</a> control a section of one's country? The reason, one might think, is that he does some useful things and that these useful things outweigh all the bad stuff he gets up to. Putin turns a blind eye to the excesses of his friend for two main reasons. </p> <h3><span id="Defeating_the_extremists_(sorta,_kinda,_not_really)"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Defeating_the_extremists_.28sorta.2C_kinda.2C_not_really.29">Defeating the extremists (sorta, kinda, not really)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kadyrov&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Defeating the extremists (sorta, kinda, not really)">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Kadyrov keeps the other extremists in check. Ever since he and his father defected to the Russian side during the Second Chechen War, Putin has relied on his local allies to keep the populace under control. The region is a breeding ground for anti-Russian, Islamist extremists,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[65]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[note 6]</a></sup> who are a threat to Russian national security (and Ramzan would know exactly how dangerous <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihadists</a> are, because he used to be one!) By having an all-powerful local ruler knock heads together Putin can sleep soundly at night, knowing that the strings are being pulled by a man who is loyal to him. Ramzan is certainly <a href="/wiki/Evil" class="mw-redirect" title="Evil">evil</a>, but he is the lesser of two evils. If he were to disappear tomorrow Chechnya would rip itself apart.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[66]</a></sup> </p><p>Kadyrov is quick to point out that thanks to his severe methods all strains of violent Islam have been purged from Chechnya and that the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> have been eradicated there. His claims of having single-handedly <a href="/wiki/Bullied" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullied">bullied</a> the region into peace don't really stand up to scrutiny, however; <a href="/wiki/Terrorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist">terrorist</a> attacks still frequently happen on his doorstep<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[67]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[68]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[69]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[70]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[71]</a></sup> and hundreds of young Chechens are driven to <a href="/wiki/Radical_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical Islam">radical Islam</a> by the societal factors that Ramzan has directly created.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[72]</a></sup> </p><p>Still, it's undeniable that he has been <i>mostly</i> successful in pacifying Chechnya. Putin's worst nightmare was the country leaving Russia and becoming an independent, Islamic state, filled with armed men who do horrible things to Russians in the name of religion. This did not come to pass. Instead, it's a semi-Islamic state <i>within</i> Russia, filled with armed men who do horrible things to Chechens in the name of religion.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[73]</a></sup> Quite the improvement. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Rebuilding_Chechnya">Rebuilding Chechnya</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kadyrov&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rebuilding Chechnya">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>For the average Chechen citizen who has lived through the horrific suffering inflicted by the two Chechen wars, the current status quo is a definite improvement. Although Ramzan harps on about the greatness of Putin and Russia whenever he can, he has functionally created an independent Chechen state, something that years of war couldn't accomplish. It is widely known by the locals that Moscow doesn't pull the strings in their country.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[74]</a></sup> Chechnya has its own President, its own constitution, its own soldiers to protect its interests. Putin has even handed control of the state's <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">oil reserves</a> back to Kadyrov.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[75]</a></sup> The city of Grozny, reduced to piles of concrete during the wars, is completely unrecognizable from what it was like just a few years ago, boasting modern amenities and high quality infrastructure - all of it paid for by the Russians who had razed her to the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[76]</a></sup> </p><p>There is a genuine sense of progress on the streets — but beneath the façade of skyscrapers and epic sports stadia, there is also a sense of fear and intimidation. A lot of the aforementioned amenities serve the purpose of furthering Ramzan's cult of personality: stadia, mosques, streets, and the local sports teams are often named after him, his father, or his superior Putin. One can barely go down to the local shop without being greeted by massive <a href="/wiki/Orwellian" class="mw-redirect" title="Orwellian">Orwellian</a> posters of Ramzan's smiling face, or even worse, one of his armed lackeys. The country might be back on it's feet, but every revamped square meter of it is another chance for the regime to remind the people who is in charge and every armed patrol a reminder of what happens to those who don't conform.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[77]</a></sup> As a result, some minority groups such as the Ingush have been demonized by Kadyrov and his administration as enemies of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[78]</a></sup> </p> <center><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"><div style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px;"><div style="margin:56.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Grozny,_Russia,_Grozny_Towers_at_night.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Grozny%2C_Russia%2C_Grozny_Towers_at_night.jpg/250px-Grozny%2C_Russia%2C_Grozny_Towers_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Grozny%2C_Russia%2C_Grozny_Towers_at_night.jpg/375px-Grozny%2C_Russia%2C_Grozny_Towers_at_night.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Grozny%2C_Russia%2C_Grozny_Towers_at_night.jpg/500px-Grozny%2C_Russia%2C_Grozny_Towers_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><s>"Ramzan is the best" Towers</s> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grozny-City_Towers" class="extiw" title="wp:Grozny-City Towers" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Grozny-City Towers">Grozny-City Towers</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>. Not too bad for a place the UN once called " the most destroyed city on earth." </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"><div style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px;"><div style="margin:56.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Achmat-Kadyrow-Mosche,_Grosny_2008.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Achmat-Kadyrow-Mosche%2C_Grosny_2008.jpg/250px-Achmat-Kadyrow-Mosche%2C_Grosny_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Achmat-Kadyrow-Mosche%2C_Grosny_2008.jpg/375px-Achmat-Kadyrow-Mosche%2C_Grosny_2008.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Achmat-Kadyrow-Mosche%2C_Grosny_2008.jpg/500px-Achmat-Kadyrow-Mosche%2C_Grosny_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3005" data-file-height="2003" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmad_Kadyrov_Mosque" class="extiw" title="wp:Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque">Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> (paid for by the Russian taxpayer) is capable of accommodating thousands of worshipers and sits on a 14 acre site — making it almost as big as the ego of the person who commissioned it. </p> </div> </div></li> </ul></center> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kadyrov&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> - his boss and superior.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechnya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kadyrov&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">His father Akhmad Kadyrov was, alongside being a militia leader, a respected Muslim mufti. He urged "jihad" against Russia and told his men to kill as many Russians as possible.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The whole "jihad" thing was swiftly forgotten by both parties. Pragmatic or what?</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Adat</i> is the collection of traditional laws and ancient customs used by the people of Chechnya to resolve conflicts and define the norms of social interaction.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In Chechnya, if a man manages to force an unmarried woman into his car and hold her prisoner in his house for a night, she must marry him. (No, this is not <a href="/wiki/Snark" class="mw-redirect" title="Snark">RatWiki snark</a>, unfortunately.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Such as beatings, suffocation, burning of the skin with hot metal pieces, electrocutions, and psychological pressure (usually threats of <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a>, execution or the harming of the tortured's family).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Apparently if you spend a century and a half treating an entire nation of people as if they were dogs, they end up not liking you very much. They might even arm themselves, and push back every once in a while. Shocking!</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kadyrov&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Dragon-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dragon_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/02/08/putins-dragon">Putin’s Dragon: Is the ruler of Chechnya out of control?</a> <i>The New Yorker</i> 1 February 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/videos/2017/5/26/15693392/ramzan-kadyrov-tyrant-instagram-chechnya">Ramzan Kadyrov: brutal tyrant, Instagram star</a> <i>Vox</i> 26 May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/notorious-chechen-warlord-ramzam-kadyrov-rises-up-the-ranks-5qhm0t8l7">Notorious Chechen warlord Ramzam Kadyrov rises up the ranks</a> by George Grylls (March 29 2022) <i>The Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2017-2021.state.gov/public-designation-of-russian-national-ramzan-kadyrov-due-to-involvement-in-gross-violations-of-human-rights/index.html">Public Designation of Russian National Ramzan Kadyrov Due to Involvement in Gross Violations of Human Rights</a> <i>US Department of State</i> 20 July 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/26980c1b47734726a4a7d16de77218a4">Chechen leader threatens foes in bid to gain Putin’s support</a> <i>Associated Press News</i> 10 February 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/23/putins-closest-ally-and-his-biggest-liability">Putin’s closest ally – and his biggest liability</a> <i>The Guardian</i> 23 September 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yashin-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Yashin_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Yashin_7-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.4freerussia.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2016/03/A-Threat-to-National-Security.pdf">A threat to national security: An independent expert report by Ilya Yashin</a> <i>Free Russia Foundation</i> February 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramzan-kadyrov-the-warrior-king-of-chechnya-430738.html">Ramzan Kadyrov: The warrior king of Chechnya</a> <i>The Independent</i> 4 January 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minefield-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Minefield_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/chechnya0816_1.pdf">“Like Walking a Minefield” - Vicious Crackdown on Critics in Russia’s Chechen Republic</a> <i>Human Rights Watch</i> August 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-chechnya-elections-idUSTRE7BK1CA20111221">Analysis: Chechnya: How did Putin's party win 99 percent?</a> <i>Reuters</i> 21 December 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/putin-chechnya-kadyrov-zelensky-negotiations-ally-1781328">Putin Ally Makes Ominous Claim About Negotiating with Zelensky</a> <i>Newsweek</i> Feb 15, 2023 at 5:11 AM EST</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/top-putin-ally-ramzan-kadyrov-says-he-will-not-hide-intention-to-invade-poland-anymore">Top Putin Ally Says He ‘Will Not Hide’ Intention to Invade Poland Anymore</a> <i>The Daily Beast</i> Feb 7 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ponarseurasia.org/wp-content/uploads/attachments/Lazarev%20Podcat%20.mp3">Authoritarian Pluralism: Why Does Kadyrov Promote Customary Law and Sharia in Chechnya</a> <i>PONARS Eurasia</i> 15 April 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1149820/90_1412929576_2014-10-10-easo-coi-report-chechnya.pdf">EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Chechnya - Women, Marriage, Divorce and Child Custody</a> <i>European Asylum Support Office</i> September 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32802456">Chechnya's Kadyrov calls for WhatsApp ban for wives</a> <i>BBC News</i> 19 May 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41036901">Chechen leader Kadyrov presses divorcees to reunite</a> <i>BBC News</i> 24 August 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4d7f26802.pdf">You Dress According to Their Rules: Enforcement of an Islamic Dress Code for Women in Chechnya</a> <i>Human Rights Watch</i> March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE67O0S0">Analysis: Sharia law threatens Moscow control in Muslim Chechnya</a> <i>Reuters</i> 26 August 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-chechnya-islam/islam-comes-to-the-classroom-in-russias-chechnya-idUSBRE89L0BQ20121022">Islam comes to the classroom in Russia's Chechnya</a> <i>Reuters</i> 22 October 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/legacy/backgrounder/eca/chechnya1106/chechnya1106web.pdf">Widespread Torture in the Chechen Republic: Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper for the 37th Session UN Committee against Torture</a> <i>Human Rights Watch</i> 13 November 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL6385567">Russia torture accuser disappears - rights groups</a> <i>Reuters</i> 6 August 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54091669">Chechen teen 'tortured' in humiliating video</a> <i>BBC News</i> 10 September 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/chechnya-kadyrov-lgbt-security-aid-torture-latest-a9157951.html">Chechnya leader Kadyrov ‘tortures’ and imprisons top aides in new purge</a> <i>The Independent</i> 16 October 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35357238">Putin loyalist Kadyrov unleashed on Russian 'traitors'</a> <i>BBC News</i> 20 January 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Purge-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Purge_30-0">25.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Purge_30-1">25.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Purge_30-2">25.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/chechnya0517_web.pdf">“They Have Long Arms and They Can Find Me”: Anti-Gay Purge by Local Authorities in Russia’s Chechen Republic</a> <i>Human Rights Watch</i> May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/01/world/europe/chechen-authorities-arresting-and-killing-gay-men-russian-paper-says.html?_r=1">Chechen Authorities Arresting and Killing Gay Men, Russian Paper Says</a> <i>The New York Times</i> 1 April 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-42854814">Chechnya gay rights activists 'make up nonsense for money' - Kadyrov</a> <i>BBC News</i> 29 January 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WKvCUGUhto">Full Interview: Ramzan Kadyrov the leader of Chechnya - BBC News</a> from the <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> channel <i>BBC News</i> 23 June 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/chechnya-parents-kill-gay-sons-russia-region-government-chechen-leader-ramzan-kadyrov-a7714591.html">Chechen authorities tell parents: 'Kill your gay sons or we will', survivor claims</a> <i>The Independent</i> 4 May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/07/15/ramzan-kadyrov-says-there-are-no-gay-men-in-chechnya-and-if-there-are-any-they-should-move-to-canada/">Ramzan Kadyrov says there are no gay men in Chechnya — and if there are any, they should move to Canada</a> <i>The Washignton Post</i> 15 July 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21501&LangID=E">End abuse and detention of gay men in Chechnya, UN human rights experts tell Russia</a> <i>United Nations Human Rights, Office of the High Commissioner</i> 13 April 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39779491">Chechnya gay rights: Merkel urges Putin to intervene</a> <i>BBC News</i> 2 May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/opinion-vladimir-putin-uses-homophobia-for-votes-in-russia/a-53778667">Opinion: Vladimir Putin uses homophobia for votes in Russia</a> <i>Deutsche Welle</i> 11 June 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/04/russia-two-years-after-chechnyas-gay-purge-victims-still-seek-justice-as-lgbti-defender-receives-death-threats/">Russia: Two years after Chechnya's gay purge victims still seek justice as LGBTI defender receives death threats</a> <i>Amnesty International</i> 1 April 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/05/08/russia-new-anti-gay-crackdown-chechnya">Russia: New Anti-Gay Crackdown in Chechnya</a> <i>Human Rights Watch</i> 8 May 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51413120">Russian reporter Milashina, who exposed Chechen gay purge, attacked in Grozny</a> <i>BBC News</i> 7 February 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39974512">Chechen gay men hopeful of finding refuge in five countries</a> <i>BBC News</i> 19 May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41075528">Canada has quietly granted asylum to LGBT Chechens</a> <i>BBC News</i> 6 September 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/predator/ramzan-kadyrov-0">Predator: Ramzan Kadyrov</a> <i>Reporters sans Frontières</i> accessed on the 1 August 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18190472">Chechnya profile - Media</a> <i>BBC News</i> 23 January 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/10/chechnya-no-longer-help-foreign-journalists-ramzan-kadyrov">Chechen journalists, international journalists – Ramzan Kadyrov has silenced us all</a> <i>The Guardian</i> 10 October 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-russia-chechnya-rights/russian-rights-groups-office-raided-in-chechnya-idUKKBN0OJ10J20150603">Russian rights group's office raided in Chechnya</a> <i>Reuters</i> 3 June 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/09/06/russia-journalist-punished-chechnya-reporting">Russia: Journalist Punished for Chechnya Reporting</a> <i>Human Rights Watch</i> 6 September 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47614971">Russia human rights: Chechnya court jails Memorial activist</a> <i>BBC News</i> 18 March 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35769634">Russia Ingushetia: Journalists and activists 'beaten up'</a> <i>BBC News</i> 9 March 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/02/russia-prominent-investigative-journalist-and-lawyer-attacked-during-visit-to-chechnya/">Russia: Prominent investigative journalist and lawyer attacked during visit to Chechnya</a> <i>Amnesty International</i> 7 February 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/chechnya-kadyrov-instagram/31265313.html">'I Will Destroy You': Chechen Leader Threatens Kid On Instagram</a> <i>RadioFreeEuropeRadioLiberty</i> May 20, 2021 14:51 GMT</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/chechen-exiles-are-being-hunted-down-often-the-trail-leads-back-to-russia/2020/07/06/e16d9e12-bf68-11ea-864a-0dd31b9d6917_story.html">Chechen exiles are being hunted down. Often, the trail leads back to Russia.</a> <i>The Washington Post</i> 6 July 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/a63848836aae4a392f985db7cf7ea587">Chechen leader blames foreign spies for slaying his critics</a> <i>Associated Press News</i> 9 July 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2006/10/15/her-own-death-foretold/ef273197-214d-4cec-9184-ac147ca1996d/">Her Own Death, Foretold</a> <i>The Washington Post</i> 15 October 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27760498">Duo get life for Anna Politkovskaya murder</a> <i>BBC News</i> 9 June 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/fadf922236c342eaa1d115631c42f1f4/Chechen-who-arranged-Politkovskaya-killing-dies-in-prison">Chechen who arranged Politkovskaya killing dies in prison</a> <i>Associated Press News</i> 13 June 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/b361d313fbad40c4991131dc971b7bbe">Russia marks 10th anniversary of Politkovskaya’s killing</a> <i>Associated Press News</i> 7 October 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/01/world/europe/01torture.html">Slain Exile Detailed Cruelty of the Ruler of Chechnya</a> <i>The New York Times</i> 31 January 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-13621483">Austrian court convicts Chechens over dissident's death</a> <i>BBC News</i> 1 June 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-activist-dead/russian-rights-activist-kidnapped-found-dead-idUSTRE56E40E20090715">Russian rights activist kidnapped, found dead</a> <i>Reuters</i> 15 July 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2009/07/human-rights-activist-natalia-estemirova-murdered-russia-20090716/">Human rights activist Natalia Estemirova murdered in Russia</a> <i>Amnesty International</i> 16 July 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-10647462">Killer of Natalia Estemirova 'on wanted list'</a> <i>BBC News</i> 15 July 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/07/russia-10-years-since-the-killing-of-chechen-human-rights-defender-natalia-estemirova-no-justice-in-sight/">Russia: 10 years since the killing of Chechen human rights defender Natalia Estemirova, no justice in sight</a> <i>Amnesty International</i> 15 July 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31669498">Boris Nemtsov: A charismatic figure and fierce critic of Putin</a> <i>BBC News</i> 28 February 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/13/world/europe/boris-nemtsov-putin-russia.html">5 Who Killed Boris Nemtsov, Putin Foe, Sentenced in Russia</a> <i>The New York Times</i> 13 July 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/03/outspoken-chechen-blogger-found-murdered-in-lille">Outspoken Chechen blogger found murdered in Lille</a> <i>The Guardian</i> 3 February 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20200203-chechen-opposition-blogger-stabbed-to-death-in-french-hotel">Chechen opposition blogger stabbed to death in French hotel</a> <i>france24</i> 3 February 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/imran-aliev-suspect-fled-russia-link-kadyrov-police-2020-2?r=US&IR=T">The man suspected of killing an anti-Putin blogger in France fled to Moscow afterwards, and is linked to one of Putin's closest allies, police say</a> <i>Business Insider</i> 17 February 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chaim Shinar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-review/article/chechens-freedom-fighters-or-terrorists/6D45E5F7BD2D069418C5148823464054/core-reader">Chechens: Freedom Fighters or Terrorists?</a> <i>European Review (Volume 27 Issue 1)</i>, Cambridge University Press. 16 October 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Julie Wilhelmsen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/slavic-review/article/inside-russias-imperial-relations-the-social-constitution-of-putinkadyrov-patronage/FA38D6E2093711CD76250D5152FF7CED/core-reader">Inside Russia's Imperial Relations: The Social Constitution of Putin-Kadyrov Patronage</a>. <i>Slavic Review (Volume 77 Issue 4)</i>, Cambridge University Press. 12 February 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-29498909">Five killed in suicide bombing in Chechen capital</a> <i>BBC News</i> 5 October 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-chechnya-shooting-idUSKBN1470L3?il=0">Russian police shoot dead seven militants in Chechnya</a> <i>Reuters</i> 18 December 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-chechnya-church-attack-idUSKCN1IL0PA">Islamic State claims responsibility for church attack in Chechnya</a> <i>Reuters</i> 20 May 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/3cedc484821a44b19158fdbf9df23b0c">IS claims responsibility for deadly attack in Chechnya</a> <i>Associated Press News</i> 21 August 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/722b406da03148a0b4958f2ac05ed2e0">Chechen official says only bomber dies in checkpoint attack</a> <i>Associated Press News</i> 17 November 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/chechnya-islamic-states-fertile-russian-recruiting-ground/a-42311816">Chechnya: Islamic State's fertile Russian recruiting ground</a> <i>Deutsche Welle</i> 25 January 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/30476381">Is Chechnya facing wave of jihadist violence?</a> <i>BBC News</i> 19 December 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-chechnya-idUSKBN0NE28O20150423">Chechen leader tells security forces to shoot if Russian police intrude</a> <i>Reuters</i> 23 April 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/christmas-in-grozny-russia-special-forces-terrorism-chechnya/">Christmas in Grozny</a> <i>Politico</i> 17 January 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-19627632">Kadyrov's Chechnya rises from the ashes, but at what cost?</a> <i>BBC News</i> 18 September 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=16233216&t=1596404966736">Chechnya's Pro-Moscow President Rebuilds Nation</a> <i>NPR</i> 13 November 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a 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