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Qasr el Banat, Lebanon - Wikipedia

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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Qasr el Banat</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">Castra El Banaat</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Qsarnaba,temple-E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Qsarnaba%2Ctemple-E.jpg/220px-Qsarnaba%2Ctemple-E.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Qsarnaba%2Ctemple-E.jpg/330px-Qsarnaba%2Ctemple-E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Qsarnaba%2Ctemple-E.jpg/440px-Qsarnaba%2Ctemple-E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1285" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:200px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:200px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qasr el Banat, Lebanon is located in Lebanon"><img alt="Qasr el Banat, Lebanon is located in Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg/200px-Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg/300px-Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg/400px-Lebanon_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.69%;left:62.751%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Qasr el Banat, Lebanon"><img alt="Qasr el Banat, Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Lebanon</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative&#160;name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Qasr el Banât, Qasr al Banat, Kasr el-Banat, Qasr/Castra El-Banaat</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Qasr_el_Banat,_Lebanon&amp;params=34.0875_N_36.117778_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°05′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">36°07′04″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.0875°N 36.117778°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">34.0875; 36.117778</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Site notes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data">Ruins</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public&#160;access</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the temple in Lebanon. For the Roman fort in Egypt, see <a href="/wiki/Qasr_el_Banat" title="Qasr el Banat">Qasr el Banat</a>. For the 12th century house in Raqqa, Syria, see <a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Banat" title="Qasr al-Banat">Qasr al-Banat</a>.</div> <p><b>Qasr el Banat</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>: قصر البنات) is an ancient <a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">temple</a> situated 1.5 kilometres (0.93&#160;mi) east of Chlifa in the <a href="/wiki/Baalbek_District" title="Baalbek District">Baalbek District</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Beqaa_Governorate" title="Beqaa Governorate">Beqaa Governorate</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Qsarnaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Qsarnaba">Qsarnaba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor1967_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor1967-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Keel1997_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keel1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qasr_el_Banat,_Lebanon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is believed the site was called the "Castle of Virgins" and was the residence of <a href="/wiki/Virgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin">virgins</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> times.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the middle of the 2nd century, the Romans had built many small temples and other sanctuaries in the vicinity of the temple district of Heliopolis, today's <a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a>, on the edge of the Bekaa. They were pilgrimage destinations for the inhabitants of the big cities on the coast. One of the Roman processional streets, partly carved out of the rock, led from here directly to the mountain temples of Hosn Niha. One of the most famous is the one in the village of <a href="/wiki/Qsarnaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Qsarnaba">Qsarnaba</a>, called now "Qasr El Banaat". </p><p>George F. Taylor classified Qasr el Banat among a group of ancient Roman <a href="/wiki/Temples_of_the_Beqaa_Valley" title="Temples of the Beqaa Valley">Temples of the Beqaa Valley</a>. It is suggested to date to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Roman">Ancient Roman</a>, but it is possible that it was originally built, as a very small temple, during <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> eras or earlier. The temple is located on a rocky plateau, accessible by a climb up a hill at an altitude of 1,100 meters (3,600&#160;ft). The top of the hill is covered in various platforms, <a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">cisterns</a>, tanks and steps that have been carved out of solid bedrock. Within the remains is a small <a href="/wiki/Antae_temple" title="Antae temple">antae temple</a>, constructed of large square blocks that was used as a <a href="/wiki/Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress">fortress</a> in later times. Some sections remain intact built up two or three layers high. A <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a> (probably Byzantine Christian) from a later period was built alongside the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor1967_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor1967-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two circular structures located around 100 metres (330&#160;ft) southeast of the temple that are thought to have been examples of the <a href="/wiki/High_place" title="High place">high places</a> referred to in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qasr_el_Banat,_Lebanon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Prostylos Temple</i> of <a href="/wiki/Qsarnaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Qsarnaba">Qsarnaba</a>, with the entrance on the east side, stood on a high platform, reached by a wide flight of steps with over 20 steps. The walls of the podium were moved to the east and formed a lateral conclusion of the stairs. The mighty limestone curbs of the former Cella wall, which are distributed on the site, are weathered to some extent to the shapelessness. In 1974, the first phase of the restoration was completed, in which up to three rows of temple walls could be restored. In the middle section of the cella, the stepped base of a raised cult place can be seen. A separate sacrificial altar stands outside in the east at the foot of the staircase. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qasr_el_Banat,_Lebanon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temples_of_the_Beqaa_Valley" title="Temples of the Beqaa Valley">Temples of the Beqaa Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Phoenicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Phoenicia">Roman Phoenicia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qasr_el_Banat,_Lebanon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Taylor1967-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor1967_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor1967_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Taylor1967" class="citation book cs1">George Taylor (1967). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romantemplesofle0000tayl"><i>The Roman temples of Lebanon: a pictorial guide</i></a></span>. Dar el-Machreq Publishers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Roman+temples+of+Lebanon%3A+a+pictorial+guide&amp;rft.pub=Dar+el-Machreq+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1967&amp;rft.au=George+Taylor&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromantemplesofle0000tayl&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQasr+el+Banat%2C+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keel1997-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keel1997_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOthmar_Keel1997" class="citation book cs1">Othmar Keel (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fy4B1iMg33YC&amp;pg=PA158"><i>The Symbolism of the Biblical World: Ancient Near Eastern Iconography and the Book of Psalms</i></a>. Eisenbrauns. pp.&#160;158–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-014-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-014-9"><bdi>978-1-57506-014-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Symbolism+of+the+Biblical+World%3A+Ancient+Near+Eastern+Iconography+and+the+Book+of+Psalms&amp;rft.pages=158-&amp;rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-57506-014-9&amp;rft.au=Othmar+Keel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFy4B1iMg33YC%26pg%3DPA158&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQasr+el+Banat%2C+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGockelBruns1998" class="citation book cs1">Gockel, Wolfgang; Bruns, Helga (1998-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MCTszTdofMkC"><i>Syria - Lebanon</i></a>. Hunter Publishing, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783886181056" title="Special:BookSources/9783886181056"><bdi>9783886181056</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+-+Lebanon&amp;rft.pub=Hunter+Publishing%2C+Inc&amp;rft.date=1998-01-01&amp;rft.isbn=9783886181056&amp;rft.aulast=Gockel&amp;rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&amp;rft.au=Bruns%2C+Helga&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMCTszTdofMkC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQasr+el+Banat%2C+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span><br />- <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDau1984" class="citation book cs1">Dau, Butros (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7CbZAAAAMAAJ"><i>History of the Maronites: Relig&#91;i&#93;ous, Cultural, and Political</i></a>. B. Dau.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+the+Maronites%3A+Relig%5Bi%5Dous%2C+Cultural%2C+and+Political&amp;rft.pub=B.+Dau&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.aulast=Dau&amp;rft.aufirst=Butros&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7CbZAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQasr+el+Banat%2C+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qasr_el_Banat,_Lebanon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://picasaweb.google.com/104544261251307200804/Lebanon2011#5592206806116296610">Photo of the temple at Qasr el Banat on picasaweb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panoramio.com/photo/8531732">Photo of the temple at Qasr el Banat on panoramio.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panoramio.com/photo/8531734">Photo of the temple at Qasr el Banat on panoramio.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panoramio.com/photo/8532312">Photo of the view from Qasr el Banat on panoramio.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120918172559/http://travellersdata.com/lebanon/visiting-deir-el-ahmar-bekaa-valley.html">Visiting Deir el Ahmar in Bekaa Valley, Lebanese Ministry of Tourism brochure</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://middleeast.com/qasrelbanaat.htm">Qasr El-Banat on middleeast.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130415100915/http://en.mapatlas.org/Lebanon/Ancient_Site/Qasr_al_Banat/3023/road_and_satellite_map">Qasr el Banat on mapatlas.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=6518329&amp;fid=3644&amp;c=lebanon">Qasr el Banat on geographic.org</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=Lebanon&amp;#124;link=Lebanon_Archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Template:Archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Template talk:Archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=Lebanon&amp;#124;link=Lebanon_Archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Lebanon" title="Archaeology of Lebanon">Archaeological sites in Lebanon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aadloun" title="Aadloun">Aadloun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaiha" title="Aaiha">Aaiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aammiq" title="Aammiq">Aammiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaqbe" title="Aaqbe">Aaqbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Aata" title="Ain Aata">Ain Aata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Choaab" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain Choaab">Ain Choaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Harcha" title="Ain Harcha">Ain Harcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbiyeh" title="Akbiyeh">Akbiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkar_plain_foothills" title="Akkar plain foothills">Akkar plain foothills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bireh,_Rashaya" title="Al-Bireh, Rashaya">Al-Bireh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amioun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amlaq_Qatih" title="Amlaq Qatih">Amlaq Qatih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjar,_Lebanon" title="Anjar, Lebanon">Anjar, Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antelias_cave" title="Antelias cave">Antelias cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afqa" title="Afqa">Apheca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_Saouda" title="Ard Saouda">Ard Saouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_Tlaili" title="Ard Tlaili">Ard Tlaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusti_Pagus_(Roman_Phoenicia)" title="Augusti Pagus (Roman Phoenicia)">Augusti Pagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baidar_ech_Chamout" title="Baidar ech Chamout">Baidar ech Chamout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batroumine" title="Batroumine">Batroumine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Batroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechamoun" title="Bechamoun">Bechamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Mery" title="Beit Mery">Beit Mery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belat_temple" title="Belat temple">Belat temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Berytus (Roman Beirut)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustan_Birke" title="Bustan Birke">Bustan Birke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canalizations_of_Zenobia" title="Canalizations of Zenobia">Canalizations of Zenobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahr_El_Ahmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dahr El Ahmar">Dahr El Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakoue" title="Dakoue">Dakoue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_El_Aachayer" title="Deir El Aachayer">Deir El Aachayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Al-Ahmar" title="Deir Al-Ahmar">Deir Al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Maron" title="Monastery of Saint Maron">Deir Mar Maroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekwaneh" title="Dekwaneh">Dekwaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douris_(Baalbek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Douris (Baalbek)">Douris (Baalbek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaea_(Lebanon)" title="Elaea (Lebanon)">Elaea (Lebanon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaoui" title="Flaoui">Flaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadous_Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Fadous Sud">Fadous Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebbariye" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebbariye">Hebbariye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadeth,_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadeth, Beirut">Hadeth south</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haret_ech_Cheikh" title="Haret ech Cheikh">Haret ech Cheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashbai" title="Hashbai">Hashbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triparadeisos" title="Triparadeisos">Heliopolis in Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermel_plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermel plains">Hermel plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaat" title="Iaat">Iaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_es_Saa%C3%AFd%C3%A9" title="Jabal es Saaïdé">Jabal es Saaïdé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jbaa" title="Jbaa">Jbaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jdeideh" title="Jdeideh">Jdeideh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Aabeby" title="Jebel Aabeby">Jebel Aabeby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeita_Grotto" title="Jeita Grotto">Jeita Grotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joub_Jannine" title="Joub Jannine">Joub Jannine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieh" title="Jieh">Jieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Zabad" title="Kafr Zabad">Kafr Zabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamid_el-Loz" title="Kamid el-Loz">Kamid el-Loz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamouh_el_Hermel" title="Kamouh el Hermel">Kamouh el Hermel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karak_Nuh" title="Karak Nuh">Karak Nuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukaba" title="Kaukaba">Kaukaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefraya" title="Kefraya">Kefraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Tebnit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafr Tebnit">Kafr Tebnit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Qouq" title="Kfar Qouq">Kfar Qouq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfarhata" title="Kfarhata">Kfarhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khallet_Michte" title="Khallet Michte">Khallet Michte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_Sanctuary_of_Kharayeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenician Sanctuary of Kharayeb">Kharayeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbet_El-Knese" title="Khirbet El-Knese">Khirbet El-Knese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kouachra" title="Kouachra">Kouachra megalith field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksar_Akil" title="Ksar Akil">Ksar Akil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labweh" title="Labweh">Labweh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Qaraoun" title="Lake Qaraoun">Lake Qaraoun (Ain Jaouze)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libbaya" title="Libbaya">Libbaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Lion Tower">Lion Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Anjar" title="Majdal Anjar">Majdal Anjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Mansouria,_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="El Mansouria, Lebanon">Mansourieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_mummies" title="Maronite mummies">Maronite mummies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayrouba" title="Mayrouba">Mayrouba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mdoukha" title="Mdoukha">Mdoukha (Jebel Kassir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moukhtara" title="Moukhtara">Moukhtara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mtaileb" title="Mtaileb">Mtaileb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Zair" title="Nabi Zair">Nabi Zair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachcharini" title="Nachcharini">Nachcharini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahle,_Lebanon" title="Nahle, Lebanon">Nahle, Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neba%27a_Faour" title="Neba&#39;a Faour">Neba'a Faour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebi_Safa" title="Nebi Safa">Nebi Safa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosn_Niha" title="Hosn Niha">Hosn Niha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_port_of_Beirut" title="Phoenician port of Beirut">Phoenician port of Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_of_Zgharta" title="Plain of Zgharta">Plain of Zgharta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaa" title="Qaa">Qaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qal%27at_Bustra" title="Qal&#39;at Bustra">Qal'at Bustra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalaat_Tannour" title="Qalaat Tannour">Qalaat Tannour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaraoun" title="Qaraoun">Qaraoun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qasr el Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Baalbek_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras Baalbek I">Ras Baalbek I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Beirut" title="Ras Beirut">Ras Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_El_Kelb" title="Ras El Kelb">Ras El Kelb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashaya" title="Rashaya">Rashaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Forum,_Beirut" title="Roman Forum, Beirut">Roman Forum of Berytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_of_Berytus" title="Hippodrome of Berytus">Roman hippodrome of Berytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_temple_of_Bziza" title="Roman temple of Bziza">Roman temple of Bziza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sands_of_Beirut" title="Sands of Beirut">Sands of Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraain_El_Faouqa" title="Saraain El Faouqa">Saraain El Faouqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shheem" title="Shheem">Shheem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_el_Fil" title="Sin el Fil">Sin el Fil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Sarepta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_of_the_Pregnant_Woman" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone of the Pregnant Woman">Stone of the Pregnant Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahun_ben_Aissa" title="Tahun ben Aissa">Tahun ben Aissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At_Tiri" class="mw-redirect" title="At Tiri">Taire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taybeh_(Marjaayoun)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taybeh (Marjaayoun)">Tayibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Aalaq" title="Tell Aalaq">Tell Aalaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Ablah" title="Tell Ablah">Tell Ablah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Addus" title="Tell Addus">Tell Addus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Ahle" title="Tell Ahle">Tell Ahle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Ain_Cerif" title="Tell Ain Cerif">Tell Ain Cerif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Ain_el_Meten" title="Tell Ain el Meten">Tell Ain el Meten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Ain_Ghessali" title="Tell Ain Ghessali">Tell Ain Ghessali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Ain_Nfaikh" title="Tell Ain Nfaikh">Tell Ain Nfaikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Ain_Saouda" title="Tell Ain Saouda">Tell Ain Saouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Ain_Sofar" title="Tell Ain Sofar">Tell Ain Sofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Ayoub" title="Tell Ayoub">Tell Ayoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Bar_Elias" title="Tell Bar Elias">Tell Bar Elias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Beshara" title="Tell Beshara">Tell Beshara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Bir_Dakoue" title="Tell Bir Dakoue">Tell Bir Dakoue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Deir" title="Tell Deir">Tell Deir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Delhamieh" title="Tell Delhamieh">Tell Delhamieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Derzenoun" title="Tell Derzenoun">Tell Derzenoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Dibbine" title="Tell Dibbine">Tell Dibbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Burak" title="Tell el-Burak">Tell el-Burak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_El_Ghassil" title="Tell El Ghassil">Tell El Ghassil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_El_Hadeth" title="Tell El Hadeth">Tell El Hadeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Fadous" class="mw-redirect" title="Tell Fadous">Tell Fadous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Hazzine" title="Tell Hazzine">Tell Hazzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Hoch_Rafqa" title="Tell Hoch Rafqa">Tell Hoch Rafqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Karmita" title="Tell Karmita">Tell Karmita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Khardane" title="Tell Khardane">Tell Khardane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Kirri" title="Tell Kirri">Tell Kirri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Jezireh" title="Tell Jezireh">Tell Jezireh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Jisr" title="Tell Jisr">Tell Jisr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Kabb_Elias" title="Tell Kabb Elias">Tell Kabb Elias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Majdaloun" title="Tell Majdaloun">Tell Majdaloun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Masoud" title="Tell Masoud">Tell Masoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Mekhada" title="Tell Mekhada">Tell Mekhada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Meouchi" title="Tell Meouchi">Tell Meouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Mureibit" title="Tell Mureibit">Tell Mureibit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Murtafa" title="Tell Murtafa">Tell Murtafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Nahariyah" title="Tell Nahariyah">Tell Nahariyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Neba%27a_Chaate" title="Tell Neba&#39;a Chaate">Tell Neba'a Chaate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Neba%27a_Litani" title="Tell Neba&#39;a Litani">Tell Neba'a Litani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Qasr_Labwe" title="Tell Qasr Labwe">Tell Qasr Labwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Rasm_El_Hadeth" title="Tell Rasm El Hadeth">Tell Rasm El Hadeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Rayak" title="Tell Rayak">Tell Rayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Saatiya" title="Tell Saatiya">Tell Saatiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haouch_Tall_Safiyeh" title="Haouch Tall Safiyeh">Tell Safiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Saoudhi" title="Tell Saoudhi">Tell Saoudhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Serhan" title="Tell Serhan">Tell Serhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Shaikh_Hassan_al_Rai" title="Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai">Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Shamsine" title="Tell Shamsine">Tell Shamsine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sultan_Yakoub" title="Tell Sultan Yakoub">Tell Sultan Yakoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Taalabaya" title="Tell Taalabaya">Tell Taalabaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Wardeen" title="Tell Wardeen">Tell Wardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Zenoub" title="Tell Zenoub">Tell Zenoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Zeitoun" title="Tell Zeitoun">Tell Zeitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temnin_el-Foka" title="Temnin el-Foka">Temnin el-Foka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Bacchus" title="Temple of Bacchus">Temple of Bacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Eshmun" title="Temple of Eshmun">Temple of Eshmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_(Baalbek)" title="Temple of Jupiter (Baalbek)">Temple of Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Obelisks" title="Temple of the Obelisks">Temple of the Obelisks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toron" title="Toron">Toron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolis_(region_of_Phoenicia)" title="Tripolis (region of Phoenicia)">Tripolis (region of Phoenicia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre_Necropolis" title="Tyre Necropolis">Tyre Necropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Amad,_Lebanon" title="Umm al-Amad, Lebanon">Umm al-Amad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Koura" title="Wadi Koura">Wadi Koura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Yaroun" title="Wadi Yaroun">Wadi Yaroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yammoune" title="Yammoune">Yammoune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanta,_Lebanon" title="Yanta, Lebanon">Yanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_W_Zain" title="Ain W Zain">Ain W Zain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahl%C3%A9" title="Zahlé">Zahlé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Template:Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Template talk:Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roman Berytus<br />(actual Beirut)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Berytus</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Forum,_Beirut" title="Roman Forum, Beirut">Roman Forum of Berytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Baths,_Beirut" title="Roman Baths, Beirut">Berytus Roman Baths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisterns_of_the_Roman_Baths,_Beirut" title="Cisterns of the Roman Baths, Beirut">Cisterns of Berytus Baths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardo_Decumanus_Crossing" title="Cardo Decumanus Crossing">Berytus Cardo Decumanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonnaded_Street" title="Colonnaded Street">Berytus Colonnaded street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_mosaics" title="Byzantine mosaics">Byzantine mosaics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_of_Roman_Berytus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippodrome of Roman Berytus">Roman hippodrome of Berytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_school_of_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Law school of Beirut">Roman Law school of Berytus</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg/250px-1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg/375px-1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg/500px-1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roman Phoenicia<br />(actual Lebanon)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triparadeisos" title="Triparadeisos">Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Bacchus" title="Temple of Bacchus">Temple of Bacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_(Baalbek)" title="Temple of Jupiter (Baalbek)">Temple of Jupiter (Baalbek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temples_of_Mount_Hermon" title="Temples of Mount Hermon">Temples of Mount Hermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temples_of_the_Beqaa_Valley" title="Temples of the Beqaa Valley">Temples of the Beqaa Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaqbe" title="Aaqbe">Aaqbe temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afqa" title="Afqa">Afqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Aata" title="Ain Aata">Ain Aata temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Harcha" title="Ain Harcha">Ain Harcha roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amioun Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arca Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusti_Pagus_(Roman_Phoenicia)" title="Augusti Pagus (Roman Phoenicia)">Augusti Pagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakka,_Lebanon" title="Bakka, Lebanon">Bakka temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batroumine" title="Batroumine">Batroumine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_temple_of_Bziza" title="Roman temple of Bziza"> Bziza temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canalizations_of_Zenobia" title="Canalizations of Zenobia">Canalizations of Zenobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakoue" title="Dakoue">Dakoue temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Mansouria,_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="El Mansouria, Lebanon">Mansourieh Roman aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebbariye" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebbariye">Hebbariye temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaat" title="Iaat">Iaat column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Zabad" title="Kafr Zabad">Kafr Zabad temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbet_El-Knese" title="Khirbet El-Knese">Khirbet El-Knese roman temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labweh" title="Labweh">Labweh Roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libbaya" title="Libbaya">Libbaya roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Qozhaya" title="Monastery of Qozhaya">Monastery of Qozhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Maron" title="Monastery of Saint Maron">Monastery of Saint Maron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahle,_Lebanon" title="Nahle, Lebanon">Nahle roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebi_Safa" title="Nebi Safa">Nebi Safa temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niha_Bekaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Niha Bekaa">Niha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosn_Niha" title="Hosn Niha">Hosn Niha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalaat_Faqra" title="Qalaat Faqra">Qalaat Faqra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qal%27at_Bustra" title="Qal&#39;at Bustra">Qal'at Bustra temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_Chbib" title="Qasr Chbib">Castra Chbib</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Castra El Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraain_El_Faouqa" title="Saraain El Faouqa">Saraain El Faouqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shheem" title="Shheem">Schleem roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Colonia Aurelia Pia "Sidon"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temnin_el-Foka" title="Temnin el-Foka">Temnin el-Foka nymphaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripolis in Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyrus</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre_Necropolis" title="Tyre Necropolis">Tyre Necropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yammoune" title="Yammoune">Roman temple to Venus in Yammoune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_under_Roman_rule" title="Phoenicia under Roman rule">Roman Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_(Roman_province)" title="Phoenice (Roman province)">Phoenice (Roman province)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Secunda" title="Palaestina Secunda">Palaestina Secunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_Libanensis" title="Phoenice Libanensis">Phoenice Libanensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_of_the_Pregnant_Woman" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone of the Pregnant Woman">Stone of the Pregnant Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulpianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulpianus">Ulpianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Valerius_Probus" title="Marcus Valerius Probus">Marcus Valerius Probus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_of_Heliopolis" title="Eudokia of Heliopolis">Eudokia of Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barbara" title="Saint Barbara">Saint Barbara of Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coele-Syria" title="Coele-Syria">Coele-Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Lebanon" title="List of cathedrals in Lebanon">List of Christian cathedrals in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Lebanon" title="Christianity in Lebanon">Christianity in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Lebanon" title="Catholic Church in Lebanon">Catholic Church in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George_Greek_Orthodox_Cathedral" title="Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral">Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_century_in_Lebanon" title="2nd century in Lebanon">2nd century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_century_in_Lebanon" title="3rd century in Lebanon">3rd century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_century_in_Lebanon" title="4th century in Lebanon">4th century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_century_in_Lebanon" title="5th century in Lebanon">5th century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_century_in_Lebanon" title="6th century in Lebanon">6th century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/551_Beirut_earthquake" title="551 Beirut earthquake">551 Beirut earthquake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> UNESCO World Heritage Sites <sup><small>2</small></sup> Proposed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Category:Roman sites in Lebanon">Category:Roman sites in Lebanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐565d46677b‐z5txg Cached time: 20241128132629 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time 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