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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Lees" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Lees" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Lees" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lees_vs._geletterdheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lees_vs._geletterdheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lees vs. geletterdheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lees_vs._geletterdheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kognitiewe_voordele" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kognitiewe_voordele"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kognitiewe voordele</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kognitiewe_voordele-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skryfstelsels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skryfstelsels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Skryfstelsels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skryfstelsels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Galery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgawe" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lees</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 82 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%8D" title="Непэ – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Непэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9" title="قراءة – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قراءة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llectura" title="Llectura – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llectura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCtali%C9%99" title="Mütaliə – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mütaliə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbasa" title="Pagbasa – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagbasa" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Четене – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Четене" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%A8" title="পঠন – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পঠন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenn_(ober)" title="Lenn (ober) – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lenn (ober)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectura" title="Lectura – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lectura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="خوێندنەوە – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خوێندنەوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cten%C3%AD" title="Čtení – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čtení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Вулав – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вулав" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darllen" title="Darllen – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Darllen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6sning" title="Læsning – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Læsning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesen" title="Lesen – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lesen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ανάγνωση – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανάγνωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legado" title="Legado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Legado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectura_(educaci%C3%B3n)" title="Lectura (educación) – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lectura (educación)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugemine" title="Lugemine – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lugemine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irakurketa" title="Irakurketa – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irakurketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="خواندن – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خواندن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukeminen" title="Lukeminen – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lukeminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture" title="Lecture – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lecture" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectura" title="Lectura – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lectura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94" title="קריאה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קריאה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8" title="वाचन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाचन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Citanje" title="Čitanje – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čitanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lekti" title="Lekti – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lekti" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olvas%C3%A1s" title="Olvasás – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Olvasás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B8%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ընթերցանություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ընթերցանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B8%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ընթերցանութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ընթերցանութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectura" title="Lectura – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lectura" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membaca" title="Membaca – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Membaca" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lestur" title="Lestur – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lestur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettura" title="Lettura – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lettura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%AD%E6%9B%B8" title="読書 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="読書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maca" title="Maca – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Maca" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%93%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ಓದುವಿಕೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಓದುವಿಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BD%EA%B8%B0" title="읽기 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="읽기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectio_(ratio)" title="Lectio (ratio) – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lectio (ratio)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lensg" title="Lensg – Lombardies" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lensg" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skaitymas" title="Skaitymas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Skaitymas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las%C4%AB%C5%A1ana" title="Lasīšana – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lasīšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8" title="വായന – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വായന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8" title="वाचन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वाचन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membaca" title="Membaca – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Membaca" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%96%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="စာဖတ်ခြင်း – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စာဖတ်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ловнома – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ловнома" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87" title="पढाइ – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पढाइ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezen" title="Lezen – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lezen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesing" title="Lesing – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lesing" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE_(%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86)" title="ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ (ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਿਆ) – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ (ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਿਆ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czytanie" title="Czytanie – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czytanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitura" title="Leitura – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leitura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qillqa%C3%B1awiriy" title="Qillqañawiriy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qillqañawiriy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citire" title="Citire – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Citire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Чтение – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чтение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B2%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C" title="ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%80%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="اڀياس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اڀياس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADtanie" title="Čítanie – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čítanie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leximi" title="Leximi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Leximi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Читање – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Читање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4sning" title="Läsning – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Läsning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usomaji" title="Usomaji – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Usomaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வாசித்தல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வாசித்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%82" title="చదవడం – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చదవడం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="การอ่าน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การอ่าน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbabasa_(gawain)" title="Pagbabasa (gawain) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagbabasa (gawain)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okumak" title="Okumak – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Okumak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Уку – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Уку" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Читання – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Читання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%DB%81" title="مطالعہ – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مطالعہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Đọc – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đọc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leezn" title="Leezn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Leezn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbasa" title="Pagbasa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagbasa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB" title="阅读 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阅读" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="ליינען – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ליינען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80" title="閱讀 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="閱讀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tha%CC%8Dk-chheh" title="Tha̍k-chheh – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tha̍k-chheh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9D%87%E6%9B%B8" title="睇書 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="睇書" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q199657#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lees" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Lees" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lees"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lees"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Lees" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Lees" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&oldid=2729582" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Lees&id=2729582&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLees"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Red_House_School_English_class.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Red_House_School_English_class.jpg/200px-Red_House_School_English_class.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Red_House_School_English_class.jpg/300px-Red_House_School_English_class.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Red_House_School_English_class.jpg/400px-Red_House_School_English_class.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Skoolkinders besig om te lees</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lees</b> is 'n manier om <a href="/wiki/Inligting" title="Inligting">inligting</a> te verkry uit 'n geskrewe bron. Lees behels om die <a href="/wiki/Simbool" title="Simbool">simbole</a> wat 'n <a href="/wiki/Taal" title="Taal">taal</a> uitmaak, te erken. Lees en luister is die twee mees algemene maniere om inligting te verkry. Inligting wat deur lees verkry word kan <a href="/wiki/Vermaak" title="Vermaak">vermaak</a> insluit, veral wanneer <a href="/wiki/Fiksie" title="Fiksie">fiksie</a> of humor gelees word. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:03282012Casa_hogar_ni%C3%B1as_tlahuac30_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/03282012Casa_hogar_ni%C3%B1as_tlahuac30_%28cropped%29.JPG/250px-03282012Casa_hogar_ni%C3%B1as_tlahuac30_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/03282012Casa_hogar_ni%C3%B1as_tlahuac30_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-03282012Casa_hogar_ni%C3%B1as_tlahuac30_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="1788" /></a><figcaption>'n Vrywilliger lees vir 'n meisie in <a href="/wiki/Meksikostad" title="Meksikostad">Meksikostad</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Lees is die proses om die sin of betekenis van <a href="/wiki/Letter" title="Letter">letters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simbool" title="Simbool">simbole</a>, ens. in te neem, meestal deur <a href="/wiki/Sigvermo%C3%AB" title="Sigvermoë">sig</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vir opvoeders en navorsers is lees 'n veelsydige proses wat gebiede soos woordherkenning, <a href="/wiki/Ortografie" title="Ortografie">ortografie</a> (spelling), alfabetiek, klankleer, fonemiese bewustheid, woordeskat, begrip, vlotheid en motivering behels.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mense lees meestal vanaf papier, maar daar word ook van rekenaarskerms en ander elektroniese apparate af gelees. </p><p>Mense lees gewoonlik vir hulself, maar hulle kan ook hardop lees, byvoorbeeld wanneer hulle inligting aan ander voorlees. Hardoplees kan ook die leser help om te konsentreer op wat gelees word. Proeflees is 'n vorm van lees, met die doel om foute in 'n skryfstuk te vind. </p><p>Ander soorte lees en skryf, soos <a href="/wiki/Piktogram" title="Piktogram">piktogramme</a> (bv. 'n gevaarsimbool of 'n emoji), is nie op spraakgebaseerde <a href="/wiki/Skryfstelsel" title="Skryfstelsel">skryfstelsels</a> gebaseer nie.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die algemene skakel is die interpretasie van simbole om die betekenis uit die visuele notasies of tasbare seine te onttrek (soos in die geval van <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">braille</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lees is tipies 'n individuele aktiwiteit wat in stilte gedoen word, alhoewel 'n persoon soms hardop lees vir ander luisteraars; of hardop lees vir eie gebruik, vir beter begrip. Voor die herinvoering van geskeide teks (spasies tussen woorde) in die laat <a href="/wiki/Middeleeue" title="Middeleeue">Middeleeue</a>, is die vermoë om stil te lees as taamlik merkwaardig beskou.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Reading_a_newspaper._Catania,_Italy_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Reading_a_newspaper._Catania%2C_Italy_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Reading_a_newspaper._Catania%2C_Italy_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Reading_a_newspaper._Catania%2C_Italy_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Reading_a_newspaper._Catania%2C_Italy_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Reading_a_newspaper._Catania%2C_Italy_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Reading_a_newspaper._Catania%2C_Italy_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1926" /></a><figcaption>Daar is 'n groeiende hoeveelheid bewyse wat die belangrikheid van lees vir plesier vir beide opvoedkundige doeleindes sowel as persoonlike ontwikkeling illustreer. Foto: Lees 'n koerant in Catania, Sisilië.</figcaption></figure> <p>As 'n ontspanningsaktiwiteit lees kinders en volwassenes omdat dit aangenaam en interessant is. In die VSA lees ongeveer die helfte van alle volwassenes elke jaar een of meer boeke vir plesier. Sowat 5% lees meer as 50 boeke per jaar.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amerikaners lees meer as hulle: meer onderwys het, vlot en maklik lees, vroulik is, in stede woon en hoër sosio-ekonomiese status het.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kinders word beter lesers wanneer hulle meer van die wêreld in die algemeen weet, en wanneer hulle lees as pret ervaar eerder as nog 'n taak wat uitgevoer moet word.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lees_vs._geletterdheid">Lees vs. geletterdheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Lees vs. geletterdheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Lees vs. geletterdheid"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lees is 'n noodsaaklike deel van <a href="/wiki/Geletterdheid" title="Geletterdheid">geletterdheid</a>, maar vanuit 'n historiese perspektief gaan geletterdheid oor die vermoë om beide te lees en te skryf.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"die vermoë om te lees en skryf ... in alle media (gedrukte of elektroniese), insluitend digitale geletterdheid" <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"die vermoë om ...te verstaan ...en die gebruik van gedrukte en geskrewe materiaal wat verband hou met verskillende kontekste" <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"die vermoë om te lees, skryf, praat en luister" <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"om die vaardighede te hê om te kan lees, skryf en praat om te verstaan en betekenis te skep" <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"die vermoë om te kommunikeer met behulp van visuele, hoorbare en digitale materiaal" <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"die vermoë om gedrukte en geskrewe inligting te gebruik om in die samelewing te funksioneer, om 'n mens se doelwitte te bereik en om jou kennis en potensiaal te ontwikkel". <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit sluit drie tipes volwasse geletterdheid in: prosa (bv. 'n koerantberig), dokumente (bv. 'n busskedule) en kwantitatiewe geletterdheid (bv. die gebruik van rekenkundige bewerkings en in produkadvertensie). <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Daarbenewens word die term geletterdheid sedert die 1940's dikwels gebruik om kennis of vaardigheid in 'n bepaalde veld te hê (bv. rekenaargeletterdheid, ekologiese geletterdheid, gesondheidsgeletterdheid, mediageletterdheid, kwantitatiewe geletterdheid (syfervaardigheid)<sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en <a href="/wiki/Visuele_geletterdheid" title="Visuele geletterdheid">visuele geletterdheid</a>). <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kognitiewe_voordele">Kognitiewe voordele</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Kognitiewe voordele" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kognitiewe voordele"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Old_man_reading_newspaper_early_in_the_morning_at_Basantapur-IMG_6800.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Old_man_reading_newspaper_early_in_the_morning_at_Basantapur-IMG_6800.jpg/250px-Old_man_reading_newspaper_early_in_the_morning_at_Basantapur-IMG_6800.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Old_man_reading_newspaper_early_in_the_morning_at_Basantapur-IMG_6800.jpg/330px-Old_man_reading_newspaper_early_in_the_morning_at_Basantapur-IMG_6800.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>'n Senior lees sy oggendkoerant in Nepal</figcaption></figure> <p>Om vir plesier te lees is gekoppel aan verhoogde kognitiewe vordering in woordeskat en wiskunde tydens adolessensie.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volgehoue hoë volume lewenslange lees word geassosieer met hoë vlakke van akademiese prestasie.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Navorsing dui daarop dat lees stresbestuur,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> geheue, <sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fokus, skryfvaardighede, <sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en verbeelding kan verbeter.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die kognitiewe voordele van lees duur voort tot in die midlewe en die senior jare<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Navorsing dui daarop dat lees van boeke en skryf van die breinstimulerende aktiwiteite is wat kognitiewe agteruitgang by seniors kan vertraag.<sup id="cite_ref-Neurology201307032_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neurology201307032-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skryfstelsels">Skryfstelsels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Skryfstelsels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Skryfstelsels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Om 'n teks te verstaan, is dit gewoonlik nodig om die gesproke taal wat met daardie teks geassosieer word, te verstaan. Sodoende word skryfstelsels van baie ander simboliese kommunikasiesisteme onderskei.<sup id="cite_ref-Daniels2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniels2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sodra dit gevestig is, verander skryfstelsels oor die algemeen stadiger as hul gesproke eweknieë, en behou dikwels kenmerke en uitdrukkings wat nie meer aktueel is in die gesproke taal nie. Die groot voordeel van skryfstelsels is hul vermoë om 'n volgehoue rekord van inligting uitgedruk in 'n taal te handhaaf, wat onafhanklik van die aanvanklike formuleringshandeling herwin kan word.<sup id="cite_ref-Daniels2_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniels2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galery">Galery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Galery" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Galery"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 99.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 97.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Fritz_von_Uhde_-_Das_Bilderbuch_I_(1889).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Girl Reading (1889), deur Fritz von Uhde. Olieverf op doek."><img alt="Girl Reading (1889), deur Fritz von Uhde. Olieverf op doek." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fritz_von_Uhde_-_Das_Bilderbuch_I_%281889%29.jpg/250px-Fritz_von_Uhde_-_Das_Bilderbuch_I_%281889%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fritz_von_Uhde_-_Das_Bilderbuch_I_%281889%29.jpg/330px-Fritz_von_Uhde_-_Das_Bilderbuch_I_%281889%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1107" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Girl Reading</i> (1889), deur Fritz von Uhde. Olieverf op doek.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:George_Goodwin_Kilburne_Young_girl_reading.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Young Girl Reading (1924) deur George Goodwin Kilburne"><img alt="Young Girl Reading (1924) deur George Goodwin Kilburne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/George_Goodwin_Kilburne_Young_girl_reading.jpg/120px-George_Goodwin_Kilburne_Young_girl_reading.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/George_Goodwin_Kilburne_Young_girl_reading.jpg/180px-George_Goodwin_Kilburne_Young_girl_reading.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/George_Goodwin_Kilburne_Young_girl_reading.jpg/240px-George_Goodwin_Kilburne_Young_girl_reading.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Young Girl Reading</i> (1924) deur George Goodwin Kilburne</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 106px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Renoir_-_Young_Girls_Reading,_1891.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Young Girls Reading (1891) deur Auguste Renoir"><img alt="Young Girls Reading (1891) deur Auguste Renoir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Renoir_-_Young_Girls_Reading%2C_1891.jpg/250px-Renoir_-_Young_Girls_Reading%2C_1891.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Renoir_-_Young_Girls_Reading%2C_1891.jpg/330px-Renoir_-_Young_Girls_Reading%2C_1891.jpg 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Young Girls Reading</i> (1891) deur Auguste Renoir</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 97.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 95.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Fragonard,_The_Reader.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Young Girl Reading, olieverf deur Jean-Honoré Fragonard"><img alt="A Young Girl Reading, olieverf deur Jean-Honoré Fragonard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fragonard%2C_The_Reader.jpg/250px-Fragonard%2C_The_Reader.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fragonard%2C_The_Reader.jpg/330px-Fragonard%2C_The_Reader.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3182" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>A Young Girl Reading</i>, olieverf deur Jean-Honoré Fragonard</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 98.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Lavery_Maiss_Auras.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miss Auras, deur John Lavery, beeld 'n vrou uit wat 'n boek lees."><img alt="Miss Auras, deur John Lavery, beeld 'n vrou uit wat 'n boek lees." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lavery_Maiss_Auras.jpg/148px-Lavery_Maiss_Auras.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lavery_Maiss_Auras.jpg/222px-Lavery_Maiss_Auras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lavery_Maiss_Auras.jpg/297px-Lavery_Maiss_Auras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Miss Auras</i>, deur John Lavery, beeld 'n vrou uit wat 'n boek lees.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Girl_Reading_page_308.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="'n Meisie lees uit "Five Hundred Games and Pastimes" deur Dorothy Canfield, gepubliseer in 1907."><img alt="'n Meisie lees uit "Five Hundred Games and Pastimes" deur Dorothy Canfield, gepubliseer in 1907." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Girl_Reading_page_308.jpg/129px-Girl_Reading_page_308.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Girl_Reading_page_308.jpg/194px-Girl_Reading_page_308.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Girl_Reading_page_308.jpg/258px-Girl_Reading_page_308.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1283" data-file-height="1786" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">'n Meisie lees uit "Five Hundred Games and Pastimes" deur Dorothy Canfield, gepubliseer in 1907.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Riza-yi-Abbasi_008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jeuglesing, 'n Persiese miniatuur deur Reza Abbasi (1625–26)"><img alt="Jeuglesing, 'n Persiese miniatuur deur Reza Abbasi (1625–26)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Riza-yi-Abbasi_008.jpg/120px-Riza-yi-Abbasi_008.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Riza-yi-Abbasi_008.jpg/250px-Riza-yi-Abbasi_008.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1582" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Jeuglesing</i>, 'n Persiese miniatuur deur Reza Abbasi (1625–26)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reader, 'n skildery deur Honoré Daumier"><img alt="Reader, 'n skildery deur Honoré Daumier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_007.jpg/127px-Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_007.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_007.jpg/191px-Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_007.jpg/255px-Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2225" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Reader</i>, 'n skildery deur Honoré Daumier</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/read">"Definition of 'Read'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.merriam-webster.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+%27Read%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fread&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/read">"Read definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Read+definition+and+meaning+%26%23124%3B+Collins+English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fread&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/read">"READ | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=READ+%26%23124%3B+English+meaning+-+Cambridge+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fread&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.readingrockets.org/article/what-reading">"What is reading? Reading Rockets"</a>. 24 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+reading%3F+Reading+Rockets&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingrockets.org%2Farticle%2Fwhat-reading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFJoyce,_TerryBorgwaldt,_S.2013" class="citation book cs1">Joyce, Terry; Borgwaldt, S. (2013). <i>Typology of Writing Systems</i>. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-9027202703" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-9027202703"><bdi>978-9027202703</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Typology+of+Writing+Systems&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9027202703&rft.au=Joyce%2C+Terry&rft.au=Borgwaldt%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afb.org/blindness-and-low-vision/braille/what-braille">"What Is Braille?"</a>. <i>The American Foundation for the Blind</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Foundation+for+the+Blind&rft.atitle=What+Is+Braille%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afb.org%2Fblindness-and-low-vision%2Fbraille%2Fwhat-braille&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/class/history34q/readings/Manguel/Silent_Readers.html">"The Silent Readers"</a>. <i>Alberto Manguel, Chapter 2 of A History of Reading (New York; Viking, 1996)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">20 Junie</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alberto+Manguel%2C+Chapter+2+of+A+History+of+Reading+%28New+York%3B+Viking%2C+1996%29&rft.atitle=The+Silent+Readers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanford.edu%2Fclass%2Fhistory34q%2Freadings%2FManguel%2FSilent_Readers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chaucer.fas.harvard.edu/how-read-medieval-handwriting-paleography">"How to Read Medieval Handwriting (Paleography)"</a>. <i>chaucer.fas.harvard.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chaucer.fas.harvard.edu&rft.atitle=How+to+Read+Medieval+Handwriting+%28Paleography%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchaucer.fas.harvard.edu%2Fhow-read-medieval-handwriting-paleography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1">9,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2">9,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFPinsker2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pinsker, Joe (19 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2019/09/love-reading-books-leisure-pleasure/598315/">"Why Some People Become Lifelong Readers"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i> (in Engels (VSA))<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">2 Oktober</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Why+Some+People+Become+Lifelong+Readers&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft.aulast=Pinsker&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Feducation%2Farchive%2F2019%2F09%2Flove-reading-books-leisure-pleasure%2F598315%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/literate">"Definition of 'Literate'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.merriam-webster.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+%27Literate%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fliterate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/literacy?q=literacy">"Literacy: The ability to read and write; knowledge or skills in a specific area, Oxford learner's dictionary"</a>. 6 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Literacy%3A+The+ability+to+read+and+write%3B+knowledge+or+skills+in+a+specific+area%2C+Oxford+learner%27s+dictionary&rft.date=2021-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fus%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fliteracy%3Fq%3Dliteracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/literacy">"LITERACY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LITERACY+%26%23124%3B+English+meaning+-+Cambridge+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fliteracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFHouston,_Rab1983" class="citation journal cs1">Houston, Rab (1983). "Literacy and society in the west, 1500–1850". <i>Social History</i>. <b>8:3</b>: 269–293. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03071028308567568">10.1080/03071028308567568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+History&rft.atitle=Literacy+and+society+in+the+west%2C+1500%E2%80%931850&rft.volume=8%3A3&rft.pages=269-293&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03071028308567568&rft.au=Houston%2C+Rab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815234944/http://www.eli-net.eu/fileadmin/ELINET/Redaktion/user_upload/European_Declaration_of_the_Right_to_Literacy2.pdf">"Europen Declaration of the Right to Literacy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. European Literacy Policy Network. 2016. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eli-net.eu/fileadmin/ELINET/Redaktion/user_upload/European_Declaration_of_the_Right_to_Literacy2.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> op 15 Augustus 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Februarie</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Europen+Declaration+of+the+Right+to+Literacy&rft.pub=European+Literacy+Policy+Network&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eli-net.eu%2Ffileadmin%2FELINET%2FRedaktion%2Fuser_upload%2FEuropean_Declaration_of_the_Right_to_Literacy2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gaml.uis.unesco.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/4.6.1_07_4.6-defining-literacy.pdf">"Defining literacy, UNESCO"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 18 Oktober 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defining+literacy%2C+UNESCO&rft.date=2018-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgaml.uis.unesco.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F2%2F2018%2F12%2F4.6.1_07_4.6-defining-literacy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/publications/Skills_Matter_Additonal_Results_from_the_Survey_of_Adult_Skills_ENG.pdf">"Skills matter, PIAAC, OECD"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Skills+matter%2C+PIAAC%2C+OECD&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fskills%2Fpiaac%2Fpublications%2FSkills_Matter_Additonal_Results_from_the_Survey_of_Adult_Skills_ENG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://literacytrust.org.uk/information/what-is-literacy/">"What is literacy – National literacy trust"</a>. 2021. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+literacy+%E2%80%93+National+literacy+trust&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliteracytrust.org.uk%2Finformation%2Fwhat-is-literacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/english/literacy/Pages/introduction-to-literacy-in-english.aspx">"Introduction to literacy in English, Literacy Teaching Toolkit, Victoria State Government, Australia"</a>. 19 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+literacy+in+English%2C+Literacy+Teaching+Toolkit%2C+Victoria+State+Government%2C+Australia&rft.date=2021-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.education.vic.gov.au%2Fschool%2Fteachers%2Fteachingresources%2Fdiscipline%2Fenglish%2Fliteracy%2FPages%2Fintroduction-to-literacy-in-english.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204012454/https://www.literacyworldwide.org/about-us/why-literacy">"Why literacy, International literacy association"</a>. 8 Februarie 2021. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.literacyworldwide.org/about-us/why-literacy">die oorspronklike</a> op 4 Februarie 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">5 Februarie</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+literacy%2C+International+literacy+association&rft.date=2021-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.literacyworldwide.org%2Fabout-us%2Fwhy-literacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204012454/https://www.literacyworldwide.org/about-us/why-literacy">"International literacy association"</a>. 2021. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.literacyworldwide.org/about-us/why-literacy">die oorspronklike</a> op 4 Februarie 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">5 Februarie</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+literacy+association&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.literacyworldwide.org%2Fabout-us%2Fwhy-literacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/naal/fr_definition.asp">"National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL)"</a>. <i>nces.ed.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nces.ed.gov&rft.atitle=National+Assessment+of+Adult+Literacy+%28NAAL%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2Fnaal%2Ffr_definition.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nap.edu/download/11267">"Measuring Literacy: Performance Levels for Adults (2005), National Academy of Sciences"</a>. 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Measuring+Literacy%3A+Performance+Levels+for+Adults+%282005%29%2C+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fdownload%2F11267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carnegie-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Carnegie_23-0">23,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Carnegie_23-1">23,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carnegiefoundation.org/blog/a-brief-history-of-the-quantitative-literacy-movement/">"A Brief History of the Quantitative Literacy Movement, The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching"</a>. 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Quantitative+Literacy+Movement%2C+The+Carnegie+Foundation+for+the+Advancement+of+Teaching&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carnegiefoundation.org%2Fblog%2Fa-brief-history-of-the-quantitative-literacy-movement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFKress,_Gunther_R.2003" class="citation book cs1">Kress, Gunther R. (2003). <i>Literacy in the new media age</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0415253567" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0415253567"><bdi>978-0415253567</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literacy+in+the+new+media+age&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0415253567&rft.au=Kress%2C+Gunther+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zarcadoolas, C., Pleasant, A., & Greer, D. (2006). <i>Advancing health literacy: A framework for understanding and action</i>. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco, CA.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ecologicallitera0000orrd"><i>Ecological Literacy: Education and the Transition to a Postmodern World</i></a>. SUNY Press, NY. 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0791408742" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0791408742"><bdi>978-0791408742</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecological+Literacy%3A+Education+and+the+Transition+to+a+Postmodern+World&rft.pub=SUNY+Press%2C+NY&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0791408742&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fecologicallitera0000orrd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFReid,_GavinSoler,_JanetWearmouth,_Janice2002" class="citation book cs1">Reid, Gavin; Soler, Janet; Wearmouth, Janice (2002). Reid, Gavin; Soler, Janet; Wearmouth, Janice (reds.). <i>Addressing Difficulties in Literacy Development</i>. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315015712">10.4324/9781315015712</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1315015712" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1315015712"><bdi>978-1315015712</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Addressing+Difficulties+in+Literacy+Development&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315015712&rft.isbn=978-1315015712&rft.au=Reid%2C+Gavin&rft.au=Soler%2C+Janet&rft.au=Wearmouth%2C+Janice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/news.aspx?itemid=2740&itemTitle=Reading+for+pleasure+puts+children+ahead+in+the+classroom%2C+study+finds&sitesectionid=27&sitesectiontitle=News&returnlink=news.aspx%3Fsitesectionid%3D27%26sitesectiontitle%3DNews%26from%3D01%2F09%2F2013%26to%3D01%2F10%2F2013%26range%3DSeptember%25202013/">"Reading for pleasure puts children ahead in the classroom"</a>. <i>Centre for Longitudinal Studies</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centre+for+Longitudinal+Studies&rft.atitle=Reading+for+pleasure+puts+children+ahead+in+the+classroom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cls.ioe.ac.uk%2Fnews.aspx%3Fitemid%3D2740%26itemTitle%3DReading%2Bfor%2Bpleasure%2Bputs%2Bchildren%2Bahead%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bclassroom%252C%2Bstudy%2Bfinds%26sitesectionid%3D27%26sitesectiontitle%3DNews%26returnlink%3Dnews.aspx%253Fsitesectionid%253D27%2526sitesectiontitle%253DNews%2526from%253D01%252F09%252F2013%2526to%253D01%252F10%252F2013%2526range%253DSeptember%2525202013%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFMenadueJacups2018" class="citation journal cs1">Menadue, Christopher Benjamin; Jacups, Susan (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244018780946">"Who Reads Science Fiction and Fantasy, and How Do They Feel About Science? Preliminary Findings From an Online Survey"</a>. <i>SAGE Open</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 215824401878094. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Vrylik beskikbaar"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244018780946">10.1177/2158244018780946</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2158-2440">2158-2440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAGE+Open&rft.atitle=Who+Reads+Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy%2C+and+How+Do+They+Feel+About+Science%3F+Preliminary+Findings+From+an+Online+Survey&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=215824401878094&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2158244018780946&rft.issn=2158-2440&rft.aulast=Menadue&rft.aufirst=Christopher+Benjamin&rft.au=Jacups%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F2158244018780946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_30-0">30,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_30-1">30,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown2016" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Brendan (12 Desember 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/14-reasons-why-reading-is-good-for-your-health-2016-12">"14 reasons why reading is good for your health"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=14+reasons+why+reading+is+good+for+your+health&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2F14-reasons-why-reading-is-good-for-your-health-2016-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown2018" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Justin (31 Januarie 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231101113626/https://ideapod.com/15-incredible-benefits-reading-read-every-day/">"15 incredible benefits from reading every day"</a>. <i>Ideapod</i>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideapod.com/15-incredible-benefits-reading-read-every-day/">die oorspronklike</a> op 1 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">5 Februarie</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ideapod&rft.atitle=15+incredible+benefits+from+reading+every+day&rft.date=2018-01-31&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fideapod.com%2F15-incredible-benefits-reading-read-every-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whytoread.com/imagination-why-reading-makes-you-more-creative/">"Imagination And Why Reading Makes You More Creative"</a>. <i>Why To Read</i>. 30 Augustus 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Why+To+Read&rft.atitle=Imagination+And+Why+Reading+Makes+You+More+Creative&rft.date=2018-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhytoread.com%2Fimagination-why-reading-makes-you-more-creative%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/news.aspx?itemid=3101&itemTitle=Long-term+vocabulary+benefits+from+%E2%80%98reading+for+pleasure%E2%80%99+in+childhood&sitesectionid=27&sitesectiontitle=News&returnlink=news.aspx%3Fsitesectionid%3D27%26sitesectiontitle%3DNews%26page%3D2/">"Long term vocabulary benefits from 'reading for pleasure' in childhood"</a>. <i>Centre for Longitudinal Studies</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centre+for+Longitudinal+Studies&rft.atitle=Long+term+vocabulary+benefits+from+%27reading+for+pleasure%27+in+childhood&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cls.ioe.ac.uk%2Fnews.aspx%3Fitemid%3D3101%26itemTitle%3DLong-term%2Bvocabulary%2Bbenefits%2Bfrom%2B%25E2%2580%2598reading%2Bfor%2Bpleasure%25E2%2580%2599%2Bin%2Bchildhood%26sitesectionid%3D27%26sitesectiontitle%3DNews%26returnlink%3Dnews.aspx%253Fsitesectionid%253D27%2526sitesectiontitle%253DNews%2526page%253D2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFSullivan_A.Brown_M.2015" class="citation journal cs1">Sullivan A.; Brown M. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://llcsjournal.org/index.php/llcs/article/view/310">"Vocabulary from adolescence to middle age"</a>. <i>Longitudinal and Life Course Studies</i>. <b>6</b> (2): 173–189. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Vrylik beskikbaar"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14301%2Fllcs.v6i2.310">10.14301/llcs.v6i2.310</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Longitudinal+and+Life+Course+Studies&rft.atitle=Vocabulary+from+adolescence+to+middle+age&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=173-189&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14301%2Fllcs.v6i2.310&rft.au=Sullivan+A.&rft.au=Brown+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fllcsjournal.org%2Findex.php%2Fllcs%2Farticle%2Fview%2F310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFBavishi_A.Slade_MD.Levy_BR2016" class="citation journal cs1">Bavishi A.; Slade MD.; Levy BR (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5105607">"A chapter a day: Association of book reading with longevity"</a>. <i>Social Science & Medicine</i>. <b>164</b>: 44–48. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.socscimed.2016.07.014">10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.014</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Vrylik beskikbaar"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5105607">5105607</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27471129">27471129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+chapter+a+day%3A+Association+of+book+reading+with+longevity&rft.volume=164&rft.pages=44-48&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5105607%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27471129&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.socscimed.2016.07.014&rft.au=Bavishi+A.&rft.au=Slade+MD.&rft.au=Levy+BR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5105607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neurology201307032-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Neurology201307032_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFKoren2013" class="citation web cs1">Koren, Marina (Julie 23, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2013/07/being-a-lifelong-bookworm-may-keep-you-sharp-in-old-age/">"Being a Lifelong Bookworm May Keep You Sharp in Old Age"</a>. <i>Smithsonian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130707000152/http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2013/07/being-a-lifelong-bookworm-may-keep-you-sharp-in-old-age/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op Julie 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">Julie 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=Being+a+Lifelong+Bookworm+May+Keep+You+Sharp+in+Old+Age&rft.date=2013-07-23&rft.aulast=Koren&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.smithsonianmag.com%2Fscience%2F2013%2F07%2Fbeing-a-lifelong-bookworm-may-keep-you-sharp-in-old-age%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span> which cites <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson2013" class="citation journal cs1">Wilson, Robert S.; et al. (Julie 3, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3772831">"Life-span cognitive activity, neuropathologic burden, and cognitive aging"</a>. <i>Neurology</i>. <b>81</b> (4): 314–321. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1212%2FWNL.0b013e31829c5e8a">10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829c5e8a</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Vrylik beskikbaar"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3772831">3772831</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23825173">23825173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurology&rft.atitle=Life-span+cognitive+activity%2C+neuropathologic+burden%2C+and+cognitive+aging&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=314-321&rft.date=2013-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3772831%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23825173&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1212%2FWNL.0b013e31829c5e8a&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3772831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daniels2-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Daniels2_37-0">37,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Daniels2_37-1">37,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFDaniels,_Peter_T.William_Bright1996" class="citation book cs1">Daniels, Peter T.; William Bright, reds. (1996). <i>The World's Writing Systems</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0195079937" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0195079937"><bdi>978-0195079937</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Writing+Systems&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0195079937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boek" title="Boek">Boek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skrywer" title="Skrywer">Skrywer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OV3H" title="OV3H">OV3H</a>, 'n lees- en begripsmetode</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lees&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Wiktionary_small.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/20px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/40px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikiwoordeboek" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiwoordeboek">Wikiwoordeboek</a> het 'n inskrywing vir <a href="https://af.wiktionary.org/wiki/lees" class="extiw" title="wikt:lees">lees</a>.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a 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href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85111662">sh85111662</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000053172&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000053172</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10642019">10642019</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561668">00561668</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a 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