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accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Kable+bidezko+telebista" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Kable+bidezko+telebista" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Kable+bidezko+telebista" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Kable+bidezko+telebista" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arkitektura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arkitektura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Arkitektura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arkitektura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Arkitektura azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arkitektura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Goiburua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goiburua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Goiburua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goiburua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sarearen_goiburu_terminala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarearen_goiburu_terminala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Sarearen goiburu terminala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarearen_goiburu_terminala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banaketa-zentroa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banaketa-zentroa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Banaketa-zentroa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banaketa-zentroa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sare_optikoaren_amaiera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sare_optikoaren_amaiera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Sare optikoaren amaiera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sare_optikoaren_amaiera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreseina_historikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreseina_historikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Erreseina historikoa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Erreseina_historikoa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Erreseina historikoa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Erreseina_historikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Espainia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Espainia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Espainia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Espainia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kable_bidezko_telebista_Euskal_Herrian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kable_bidezko_telebista_Euskal_Herrian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kable bidezko telebista Euskal Herrian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kable_bidezko_telebista_Euskal_Herrian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaurkotasuna_eta_gainbehera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaurkotasuna_eta_gainbehera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gaurkotasuna eta gainbehera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaurkotasuna_eta_gainbehera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mundu_mailako_kable_bidezko_telebista_kateak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mundu_mailako_kable_bidezko_telebista_kateak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mundu mailako kable bidezko telebista kateak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mundu_mailako_kable_bidezko_telebista_kateak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kable-arauketa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kable-arauketa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kable-arauketa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kable-arauketa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Kable-arauketa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kable-arauketa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Espainia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Espainia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Espainia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Espainia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kable bidezko telebista</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 63 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A" title="تلفزيون كبلي – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تلفزيون كبلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_per_cable" title="Televisión per cable – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Televisión per cable" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabel_televiziyas%C4%B1" title="Kabel televiziyası – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kabel televiziyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Кабель телевидениеһы – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кабель телевидениеһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кабелна телевизия – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кабелна телевизия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3_per_cable" title="Televisió per cable – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Televisió per cable" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8E%D8%A8%DA%B5%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86" title="کێبڵی تەلەڤیزیۆن – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کێبڵی تەلەڤیزیۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabelov%C3%A1_televize" title="Kabelová televize – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kabelová televize" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabel-tv" title="Kabel-tv – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kabel-tv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabelfernsehen" title="Kabelfernsehen – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kabelfernsehen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cable television" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabla_televido" title="Kabla televido – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kabla televido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_por_cable" title="Televisión por cable – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Televisión por cable" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaabeltelevisioon" title="Kaabeltelevisioon – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaabeltelevisioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تلویزیون کابلی – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلویزیون کابلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaapelitelevisio" title="Kaapelitelevisio – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaapelitelevisio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_par_c%C3%A2ble" title="Télévision par câble – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Télévision par câble" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teilif%C3%ADs_ch%C3%A1bla" title="Teilifís chábla – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teilifís chábla" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_por_cable" title="Televisión por cable – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Televisión por cable" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="טלוויזיה בכבלים – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טלוויזיה בכבלים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="केबल टीवी – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="केबल टीवी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabelska_televizija" title="Kabelska televizija – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kabelska televizija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1beltelev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Kábeltelevízió – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kábeltelevízió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisi_kabel" title="Televisi kabel – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Televisi kabel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapalsj%C3%B3nvarp" title="Kapalsjónvarp – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kapalsjónvarp" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisione_via_cavo" title="Televisione via cavo – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Televisione via cavo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93" title="ケーブルテレビ – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケーブルテレビ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visi_kabel" title="Télévisi kabel – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Télévisi kabel" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кабельді теледидар – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кабельді теледидар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%94_%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EB%B9%84%EC%A0%84" title="케이블 텔레비전 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="케이블 텔레비전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%81%D3%A9%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Кабелдик телекөрсөтүү – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кабелдик телекөрсөтүү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinschaftsantenn" title="Gemeinschaftsantenn – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gemeinschaftsantenn" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Кабелска телевизија – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кабелска телевизија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Кабелийн телевиз – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кабелийн телевиз" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisyen_kabel" title="Televisyen kabel – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Televisyen kabel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabeltelevisie" title="Kabeltelevisie – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kabeltelevisie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabelfjernsyn" title="Kabelfjernsyn – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kabelfjernsyn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabel-TV" title="Kabel-TV – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kabel-TV" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telewizja_kablowa" title="Telewizja kablowa – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Telewizja kablowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televis%C3%A3o_a_cabo" title="Televisão a cabo – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Televisão a cabo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televiziune_prin_cablu" title="Televiziune prin cablu – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Televiziune prin cablu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Кабельное телевидение – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кабельное телевидение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_telly" title="Cable telly – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cable telly" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kablovski_distributivni_sistem" title="Kablovski distributivni sistem – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kablovski distributivni sistem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cable television" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1blov%C3%A1_telev%C3%ADzia" title="Káblová televízia – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Káblová televízia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabelska_televizija" title="Kabelska televizija – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kabelska televizija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televizioni_kabllor" title="Televizioni kabllor – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Televizioni kabllor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Кабловска телевизија – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кабловска телевизија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_kabel" title="TV kabel – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="TV kabel" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabel-TV" title="Kabel-TV – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kabel-TV" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="கம்பி வடத் தொலைக்காட்சி – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கம்பி வடத் தொலைக்காட்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%80" title="కేబుల్ టీవీ – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కేబుల్ టీవీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Телевизиони ноқилӣ – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Телевизиони ноқилӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="โทรทัศน์ผ่านสายเคเบิล – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โทรทัศน์ผ่านสายเคเบิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kablolu_televizyon" title="Kablolu televizyon – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kablolu televizyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Кабельне телебачення – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кабельне телебачення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabelli_televideniya" title="Kabelli televideniya – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kabelli televideniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truy%E1%BB%81n_h%C3%ACnh_c%C3%A1p" title="Truyền hình cáp – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Truyền hình cáp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" title="有线电视 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="有线电视" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9C-%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A2" title="קאבל-טעלעוויזיע – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאבל-טעלעוויזיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" title="有线电视 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="有线电视" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" title="有線電視 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="有線電視" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> 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Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Nowtv_settopbox_hd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nowtv_settopbox_hd.jpg/220px-Nowtv_settopbox_hd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nowtv_settopbox_hd.jpg/330px-Nowtv_settopbox_hd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nowtv_settopbox_hd.jpg/440px-Nowtv_settopbox_hd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Irudian <a href="/wiki/Dekodetzaile_bitar" title="Dekodetzaile bitar">deskodetzaile</a> bat ageri da, kable-harpidedunek kable bidezko seinalea <a href="/wiki/Telebista_(aparatua)" title="Telebista (aparatua)">telebista</a> berezira konektatzeko erabiltzen duten gailu elektronikoa.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kable bidezko telebista</b> edo <b>CATV</b> (<i>Community Antenna</i> <i>Television</i>) telebista-sistema bat da, eta <a href="/wiki/Zuntz_optiko" title="Zuntz optiko">zuntz</a> optikozko sareen edo <a href="/wiki/Kable_ardazkide" title="Kable ardazkide">kable ardazkideen</a> bidez telebistetara igortzen diren irrati-maiztasuneko seinaleen bidez eskaintzen da.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Telebistaz gain, kable horrek telefonia-zerbitzuak eta Interneteko sarbidea ere eman ditzake. Sistema horrek zuntz optikozko kable bidezko edo kable ardazkide bidezko telebista-sareak erabiltzen ditu linea digital edo analogiko bihurtzeko. </p><p>Telebista-kableak, normalean, hirietan zehar banatzen dira, linea <a href="/wiki/Elektrizitate" title="Elektrizitate">elektrizitate-</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Telefono" title="Telefono">telefono</a>-kableekin partekatuz; ohiko telebista-irratidifusioan erabiltzen den airearen bidezko metodoari kontrajarriz, kasu honetan ez da telebista-antenarik behar.<sup id="cite_ref-Ley_9/2014_General_de_Telecomunicaciones_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ley_9/2014_General_de_Telecomunicaciones-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kable bidezko telebista sortzen da hainbat motatako telebista eta irrati-difusioko seinaleak abonatuen etxeetara eramateko, haiek hainbat ekipo hartzaile, erreproduzitzaile eta, batez ere, antenen ekipamendu eduki behar ez dezaten. </p><p>Horrez gain, ordainpeko eduki gehigarriak eskaintzeko ohiko sistema izan da interneta alor horretan agertu arte.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:RG-59.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/RG-59.jpg/220px-RG-59.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/RG-59.jpg/330px-RG-59.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/RG-59.jpg/440px-RG-59.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption>Ohikoena <a href="/wiki/Kable_ardazkide" title="Kable ardazkide">kable-ardazkideen</a> bidezko konexioa ematea da.</figcaption></figure> <p>CATV zerbitzuak telebista-irudiak abonatuen etxeetara transferitzen ditu. Lehen kable bidezko telebista-sarea 1940 urtean sortu zen Oregonen. Sareak antena-, anplifikadore- eta seinale-nahasgailu-sistema bat zuen, eta seinalea kable bidez bidaltzen zitzaien bizilagunei; horrela, guztiek telebista ikusten zuten antenarik gabe. Gaur egun mundu osoan dago hedatuta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arkitektura">Arkitektura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Arkitektura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Arkitektura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hainbat sare-topologia dauden arren, jarraian, CATV sare baten elementu nagusiak biltzen dituen bat deskribatzen da, modu eskematizatuan. Sinplifikatze aldera, ez da deskribatzen sarearen beraren bidez, gorantz, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pay-per-view&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pay-per-view (sortu gabe)">pay-per-view</a> motako zerbitzuetarako edo <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Interneterako</a> konexioa errazteko interaktibotasuna izateko aukera. Deskribatutako sarea osatzen duten elementuak honako hauek dira: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goiburua">Goiburua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Goiburua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Goiburua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goiburua sareak transmitituko dituen edukiak taldekatzeaz eta tratatzeaz arduratzen den sarearen zentroa da. 1. irudian ikus daiteke nola aplikatzen zaizkion kommutazio-matrize bati jatorri desberdineko bideo-seinaleak. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Cabecera_CATV.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Cabecera_CATV.png" decoding="async" width="468" height="357" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sarearen_goiburu_terminala">Sarearen goiburu terminala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sarearen goiburu terminala»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Sarearen goiburu terminala"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sarearen goiburu terminalaren ardura da goiburuan sortutako seinale elektrikoa jasotzea eta seinale optiko bihurtzea, herritarrek banatutako banaketa-zentroetara zuntz bidez bidaltzeko. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Terminal_CATV.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Terminal_CATV.png" decoding="async" width="481" height="364" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>2. irudian ikus daitezke terminal hori osatzen duten elementuak, bai eta banaketaz arduratzen direnak ere. Hona hemen elementu horiek: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banaketa-zentroa">Banaketa-zentroa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Banaketa-zentroa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Banaketa-zentroa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banaketa-zentroan, seinale optikoa berriro elektriko bihurtzen da eta banatu egiten da banatzaileei aplikatzeko. Banatzaile bakoitzean seinalearen maila igotzeko anplifikadore bat dago, zatiketak ahulduta. Ondoren, berriz optika bihurtzen da, eta zuntz bidez, zerbitzatu beharreko eraikinetara hurbiltzen da. <i>Espaloiraino doan zuntza</i> esaten zaio, nahiz eta hori guztiz zehatza ez izan. Zuntz horiek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sare_optikoaren_amaiera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sare optikoaren amaiera (sortu gabe)">Sare optikoaren amaiera</a> deritzenetan amaitzen dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sare_optikoaren_amaiera">Sare optikoaren amaiera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sare optikoaren amaiera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sare optikoaren amaiera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sare optikoaren amaiera sarearen azken kate-maila da. Orokorrean, eraikinetako eremu komunetan jartzen dira, hala nola garajeetan edo kontagailu-geletan, eta espaloiraino doan zuntzen terminal gisa erabiltzen dira. Seinale optiko horiek berriz ere elektriko bihurtuko dira, eta banatzaile bati aplikatzen zaizkio kable ardazkideen bidez, telebistako seinalea eramaten baitute zerbitzuko abonatuen etxeetara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreseina_historikoa">Erreseina historikoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreseina historikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Erreseina historikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1949ko otsailean, Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Astoria hirian (Oregon), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leroy_Parsons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leroy Parsons (sortu gabe)">Leroy Parsons</a> ingeniariak kable bidezko telebistaren aitzindaritzat jo daitekeen sare txiki bat sortu zuen. Antena, anplifikadore eta seinale-nahasgailuen sistema batek osatzen zuen. Seinale konbinatu hori kable bidez banatzen zitzaien bizilagunei eta, horrela, hainbat programa ikus zitzaketen antenarik gabe eta kalitate-maila onarekin. </p><p>1968ko maiatzean, Parsons kable bidezko telebistaren aita izendatu zuten, eta gaur egun Coxcomb Hillen dagoen "Astoria zutabea" (Astoria Column) izeneko monumentu bat eraiki zuten haren omenez. Hala ere, komunikazioan aditu teoriko batzuk eszeptiko agertu ziren mugatuta ikusten zituzten aukeren aurrean. </p><p>Espainiako lehen kable operadoreei <i>kable historikoen operadore</i> deritze.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Espainia">Espainia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Espainia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Espainia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espainia" title="Espainia">Espainiako</a> orduko Irrati- eta Telebista-Zuzendaritza Nagusia eta orduko <i><a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica" title="Telefónica">Compañía Telefónica Nacional de España</a></i> akordio batera iritsi ziren, eta horren bidez, kable bidezko telebista herrialdean ezartzeko planetan Telefonicaren lankidetza arautzen zen. Akordioak, lehenik <a href="/wiki/Madril" title="Madril">Madrilen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bartzelona" title="Bartzelona">Bartzelonan</a> kableatzea eskatzen zuen eta, geroago, zerbitzua ezartzea erabakitzen zen beste hiriburu batzuetan. Sareak Zuzendaritza Nagusiaren esku jarri ziren 10 urterako, eta handitzeko aukera eskaintzen zuen. Hasierako faseak 8 km² inguruko eremua hartzen zuen Madrilen eta Bartzelonan (32 km² arteko handitze-aurreikuspenekin, ia bi hirietako hirigunea garai hartan), eta 9 kanaleko edukiera ere bazuen (horietatik 4 zuzenean hartzeko eta gainerakoak bihurgailuarekin). 1976an, sareen aurrerapen-maila oso aurreratuta zegoen, baina aldaketa politikoa zela eta, Espainiako kable bidezko lehen telebista-sareak ez ziren 1980ko hamarkadaren hasierara arte agertu, batez ere bideo komunitario gisa ezagutzen den modalitatean; izan ere, eraikin batean edo eraikin-multzo batean bideo-erreproduzitzaile baten seinalea bidaltzen zen TBko antena kolektiboaren sistemaren bidez, zeinaren bidez "sistemaren administratzaile" batek filmak pasatzen baitzituen telebista-kanon baten truke. </p><p>Sasi-sare horiek, batez ere erakusketa-eskubideen gatazken ondorioz, bilakaera handia izan zuten, eta 1980ko hamarkadaren amaieran CATVen lehen sareak sortu ziren. Sare horiek, lurreko telebista-kate espainiarrekin batera, atzerriko hainbat kanal igortzen zituzten, gehienak sateliteetatik zetozenak, eta ekoizpen propioko kanal batzuk ere gehitzen zituzten, bereziki tokikoak, erakargarriagoak izan zitezen. Sare horiek legez kanpo jardun dute, ez baitzen lege-esparru arautzailerik egon 1995eko abenduaren 22an Kable bidezko Telekomunikazioei buruzko 42/1995 Legea aldarrikatu zen arte.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Telekomunikazioei buruzko 32/2003 Lege Orokorrak 42/1995 Lege ia osoa indargabetu zuen, eta, aldi berean, kable bidezko telebistak, jabari publiko irrati-elektrikoa, informazio-gizartearen zerbitzuak eta abar arautzeko esparru berri kontingente bat ezarri zuen. Telekomunikazioei buruzko 9/2014 Lege Orokorrak aurrekoa ordeztu eta eguneratu zuen, Europako zuzentarauak 2009/136/EE Zuzentarauaren eta 2009/140/CE. Kable historikoko sare gehienek eta operadore handiek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triple_play&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triple play (sortu gabe)">triple play</a> eta quadruple play eskaintzen dute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kable_bidezko_telebista_Euskal_Herrian">Kable bidezko telebista Euskal Herrian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kable bidezko telebista Euskal Herrian»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Kable bidezko telebista Euskal Herrian"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1998. urtean, <a href="/wiki/Hego_Euskal_Herria" title="Hego Euskal Herria">Hego Euskal Herrian</a> egin zen kable-telebistaren lehiaketaren bidez <a href="/wiki/Euskaltel" title="Euskaltel">Euskaltel</a> EAEn, eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retena (sortu gabe)">Retena</a> <a href="/wiki/Nafarroa_Garaia" title="Nafarroa Garaia">Nafarroan</a>, bilakatu ziren kable-kudeatzaile.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gaurkotasuna_eta_gainbehera">Gaurkotasuna eta gainbehera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gaurkotasuna eta gainbehera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Gaurkotasuna eta gainbehera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gaur egun, kable bidezko telebista ez da lehen beste kontsumitzen. <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemia" title="COVID-19 pandemia">COVID-19 pandemiaren</a> ondoren, kable bidezko telebista zenbait lekutan merkaturatzeari utzi zitzaion, beste formatu batzuek ordezkatu zutelako; hala nola <a href="/wiki/IPTV" title="IPTV">IPTV</a> eta eskariaren araberako bideoa: <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Video" title="Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a>, <a href="/wiki/HBO_Max" class="mw-redirect" title="HBO Max">HBO Max</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a>, besteak beste. Hori dela eta, kontsumitzaileak jada ez daude prest ikusten ez duten kanal-kopuru handi baten eta prezio altuaren truke ordaintzeko.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mundu_mailako_kable_bidezko_telebista_kateak">Mundu mailako kable bidezko telebista kateak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mundu mailako kable bidezko telebista kateak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Mundu mailako kable bidezko telebista kateak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:HBO_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/HBO_logo.svg/220px-HBO_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/HBO_logo.svg/330px-HBO_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/HBO_logo.svg/440px-HBO_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="211" /></a><figcaption>Kable bidezko telebista famatuenetako bat izan zen HBO.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kate ezagunenak CNN, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">FOX</a> eta <a href="/wiki/ESPN_Deportes" title="ESPN Deportes">ESPN</a> izan dira. Batez ere <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Amerikako Estatu Batuetan</a> izan du garrantzia teknologia honek. Internetek indarra hartu duen heinean, kable bidezko kate askok web-plataformak sortu dituzte. <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>, adibidez, aurrez kable bidezko kateak zituzten enpresetatik sortu zen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kable-arauketa">Kable-arauketa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kable-arauketa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Kable-arauketa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Espainia_2">Espainia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Espainia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Espainia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Espainian, <a href="/wiki/Telekomunikazio" title="Telekomunikazio">Telekomunikazioei</a> buruzko maiatzaren 9ko 9/2014 Lege Orokorrak arautzen du kable bidezko telebista, II. tituluaren barruan. Lege horrek indargabetu egin zuen aurreko Telekomunikazioei buruzko 32/2003 Lege Orokorra, eta ekainaren 14ko 10/2005 Legeak, <a href="/wiki/Lurreko_Telebista_Digital" title="Lurreko Telebista Digital">Lurreko Telebista Digitala</a> Bultzatzeko, Kable bidezko Telebista Liberalizatzeko eta Aniztasuna Sustatzeko Premiazko Neurriei buruzkoak, egindako aldaketak sartu zituen bere testuan, zeinak zerbitzuaren liberalizazio eraginkorra indarrean jartzen baitzuen. Lege-lerrunik gabe, 920/2006 Errege Dekretuak irrati eta telebista kable bidez hedatzeko zerbitzua emateko araudi orokorra definitzen du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eu.eyewated.com/catv-kable-bidezko-telebista-datuen-sarea-azaltzen-da/">«CATV (Kable bidezko telebista) datuen sarea azaltzen da»</a> <i>eu.eyewated.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-11-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ley_9/2014_General_de_Telecomunicaciones-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Ley_9/2014_General_de_Telecomunicaciones_2-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2014-4950"><i>Ley 9/2014, de 9 de mayo, General de Telecomunicaciones.. </i></a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> </span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAranzabal2011-05-16">Aranzabal, Joxe.  (2011-05-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogak.goiena.eus/faroa/2011/05/16/kable-bidezko-telebistaren-argi-ilunak/">«Kable bidezko telebistaren argi-ilunak»</a> <i>Faroa</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-11-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><i>Revista de Comunicación de la SEECI</i> 0 (11) 2004-11-15  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.15198%2Fseeci.2004.11">10.15198/seeci.2004.11</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1576-3420">1576-3420</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-11-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telos.fundaciontelefonica.com/"><i>https://telos.fundaciontelefonica.com/. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-11-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> </span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFPeñafiel_SaizXamardo_GonzalezZabaleta_Urkiola1999">Peñafiel Saiz, Carmen; Xamardo Gonzalez, Nikolas; Zabaleta Urkiola, Iñaki.  (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uztaro.eus/artikulua/29/kable-bidezko-telebista-hego-euskal-herrian/636">«Kable bidezko telebista Hego Euskal Herrian»</a> <i>Uztaro: giza eta gizarte-zientzien aldizkaria</i> (Uztaro 28): 79–88. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1130-5738">1130-5738</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-11-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF8x7cu2022-03-13">8x7cu.  (2022-03-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://traders.studio/5-causas-por-las-que-la-industria-de-la-television-por-cable-esta-muriendo/">«5 causas por las que la industria de la televisión por cable está muriendo»</a> <i>Traders Studio</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-11-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFTrula2020-08-19">Trula, Esther Miguel.  (2020-08-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://magnet.xataka.com/en-diez-minutos/audiencia-tele-se-desploma-su-caida-lineal-oficialmente-medio-declive">«La audiencia de la tele se desploma y su caída es lineal. Ya es oficialmente un medio en declive»</a> <i>Magnet</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-11-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itzaltze_analogiko" title="Itzaltze analogiko">Itzalaldi analogiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telebista" title="Telebista">Telebista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrati-komunikazio" title="Irrati-komunikazio">Irrati-seinale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurreko_Telebista_Digital" title="Lurreko Telebista Digital">Lurreko Telebista Digital</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kable_bidezko_telebista&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106233417/http://ilimit.com/cecable/">http://ilimit.com/cecable</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184452" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q184452">Q184452</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cable_television">Cable television</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q184452%22">Q184452</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944592h">11944592h</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944592h">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4029109-1">4029109-1</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85018575">sh85018575</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00574508">00574508</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph121382">ph121382</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10638568">10638568</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300265089">300265089</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/cable-television">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184452" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q184452">Q184452</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cable_television">Cable television</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q184452%22">Q184452</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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