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משפחה (טקסונומיה) – ויקיפדיה

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href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&amp;returnto=%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94+%28%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94%29" title="מומלץ ליצור חשבון ולהיכנס אליו, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת" class=""><span>יצירת חשבון</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&amp;returnto=%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94+%28%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94%29" title="מומלץ להיכנס לחשבון, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>כניסה לחשבון</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="אפשרויות נוספות" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="כלים אישיים" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">כלים אישיים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="תפריט משתמש" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_he.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=he"><span>תרומה לוויקיפדיה</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&amp;returnto=%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94+%28%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94%29" title="מומלץ ליצור חשבון ולהיכנס אליו, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>יצירת חשבון</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&amp;returnto=%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94+%28%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94%29" title="מומלץ להיכנס לחשבון, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>כניסה לחשבון</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> דפים לעורכים שלא נכנסו לחשבון <a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" aria-label="מידע נוסף על עריכה"><span>מידע נוסף</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99" title="רשימת העריכות שנעשו מכתובת IP זו [y]" accesskey="y"><span>תרומות</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99" title="דיון על העריכות שנעשו מכתובת IP זו [n]" accesskey="n"><span>שיחה</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eהסתרה\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"he\" dir=\"rtl\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eתמיד רציתם לכתוב בוויקיפדיה אבל לא ידעתם איך? אתם מוזמנים לסדנת עריכה בוויקיפדיה. הסדנה תתקיים בספרייה הלאומית (בבניינה החדש) בירושלים ביום שישי, 06.12.24, בשעה 09:00. 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aria-label="תוכן עניינים" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">תוכן עניינים</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">התחלה</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-תצורתם_של_שמות_משפחות" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#תצורתם_של_שמות_משפחות"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>תצורתם של שמות משפחות</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-תצורתם_של_שמות_משפחות-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ההיסטוריה_של_המונח" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ההיסטוריה_של_המונח"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ההיסטוריה של המונח</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ההיסטוריה_של_המונח-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-הערות_שוליים" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#הערות_שוליים"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>הערות שוליים</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-הערות_שוליים-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="תוכן עניינים" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="מצב תוכן העניינים" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">מצב תוכן העניינים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">משפחה (טקסונומיה)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="מעבר לערך בשפה אחרת. זמין ב־132 שפות" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-132" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">132 שפות</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology) – אנגלית" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Family (biology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie) – אפריקאנס" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Familie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="אפריקאנס" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie) – גרמנית שווייצרית" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Familie (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="גרמנית שווייצרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(bioloch%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (biolochía) – אראגונית" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Familia (biolochía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="אראגונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81)" title="فصيلة (تصنيف) – ערבית" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فصيلة (تصنيف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ערבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="فاميلة (بيولوجيا) – מרוקאית" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فاميلة (بيولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="מרוקאית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE)" title="পৰিয়াল (জীৱবিদ্যা) – אסאמית" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰিয়াল (জীৱবিদ্যা)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="אסאמית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (bioloxía) – אסטורית" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Familia (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="אסטורית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99sil%C9%99" title="Fəsilə – אזרית" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fəsilə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="אזרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="عائیله (بیولوژیک) – אזרבייג׳נית דרומית" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عائیله (بیولوژیک)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="אזרבייג׳נית דרומית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Ғаилә (биология) – בשקירית" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғаилә (биология)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="בשקירית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaluwarga_(Biologi)" title="Kaluwarga (Biologi) – באלינזית" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kaluwarga (Biologi)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="באלינזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famij_(Biologie)" title="Famij (Biologie) – בווארית" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Famij (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="בווארית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Сямейства (біялогія) – בלארוסית" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сямейства (біялогія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="בלארוסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Сямейства (біялёгія) – בלארוסית טרשקביץ׳" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сямейства (біялёгія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="בלארוסית טרשקביץ׳" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Семейство (биология) – בולגרית" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Семейство (биология)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="בולגרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="परिवार (जीव बिज्ञान) – בהוג׳פורית" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="परिवार (जीव बिज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="בהוג׳פורית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="পরিবার (জীববিজ্ঞান) – בנגלית" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পরিবার (জীববিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="בנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerentiad" title="Kerentiad – ברטונית" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kerentiad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ברטונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porodica_(biologija)" title="Porodica (biologija) – בוסנית" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Porodica (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="בוסנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_(biologia)" title="Família (biologia) – קטלאנית" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Família (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="קטלאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%AF%E1%8F%93" title="ᏧᏂᏍᎪᏯᏓ – צ׳רוקי" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᏂᏍᎪᏯᏓ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="צ׳רוקי" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%95_(%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="تیرە (ژینناسی) – כורדית סוראנית" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تیرە (ژینناسی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="כורדית סוראנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cele%C4%8F" title="Čeleď – צ׳כית" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čeleď" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="צ׳כית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodz%C3%ABzna_(biologi%C3%B4)" title="Rodzëzna (biologiô) – קשובית" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Rodzëzna (biologiô)" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="קשובית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D1%88_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Йыш (биологи) – צ׳ובשית" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йыш (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="צ׳ובשית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teulu_(bioleg)" title="Teulu (bioleg) – ולשית" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teulu (bioleg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ולשית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologi)" title="Familie (biologi) – דנית" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Familie (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="דנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie) – גרמנית" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Familie (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="גרמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familya" title="Familya – זזקית" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Familya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="זזקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sw%C3%B3j%C5%BAba_(biologija)" title="Swójźba (biologija) – סורבית תחתית" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Swójźba (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="סורבית תחתית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_(%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Οικογένεια (βιολογία) – יוונית" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οικογένεια (βιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="יוונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familio_(biologio)" title="Familio (biologio) – אספרנטו" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Familio (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="אספרנטו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (biología) – ספרדית" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Familia (biología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ספרדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugukond_(bioloogia)" title="Sugukond (bioloogia) – אסטונית" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sugukond (bioloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="אסטונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biologia)" title="Familia (biologia) – בסקית" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Familia (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="בסקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_(%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="تیره (زیست‌شناسی) – פרסית" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیره (زیست‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="פרסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimo_(biologia)" title="Heimo (biologia) – פינית" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heimo (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="פינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famille_(biologie)" title="Famille (biologie) – צרפתית" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Famille (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="צרפתית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famylje_(taksonomy)" title="Famylje (taksonomy) – פריזית מערבית" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Famylje (taksonomy)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="פריזית מערבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_(bitheola%C3%ADocht)" title="Fine (bitheolaíocht) – אירית" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fine (bitheolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="אירית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (bioloxía) – גליסית" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Familia (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="גליסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juehepeh%E1%BA%BD" title="Juehepehẽ – גוארני" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Juehepehẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="גוארני" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="कुल (जीवविज्ञान) – הינדי" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुल (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="הינדי" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porodica_(taksonomija)" title="Porodica (taksonomija) – קרואטית" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Porodica (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="קרואטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sw%C3%B3jba_(biologija)" title="Swójba (biologija) – סורבית עילית" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Swójba (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="סורבית עילית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanmi_(biyoloji)" title="Fanmi (biyoloji) – קראולית האיטית" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fanmi (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="קראולית האיטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csal%C3%A1d_(rendszertan)" title="Család (rendszertan) – הונגרית" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Család (rendszertan)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="הונגרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%84_(%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Ընտանիք (կենսաբանություն) – ארמנית" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ընտանիք (կենսաբանություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ארמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(rango_taxonomic)" title="Familia (rango taxonomic) – ‏אינטרלינגואה" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Familia (rango taxonomic)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="‏אינטרלינגואה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famili_(biologi)" title="Famili (biologi) – אינדונזית" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Famili (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="אינדונזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamilia_(biolohia)" title="Pamilia (biolohia) – אילוקו" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pamilia (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="אילוקו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Дезал (биологи) – אינגושית" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дезал (биологи)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="אינגושית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familio_(biologio)" title="Familio (biologio) – אידו" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Familio (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="אידו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86tt_(flokkunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Ætt (flokkunarfræði) – איסלנדית" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ætt (flokkunarfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="איסלנדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famiglia_(tassonomia)" title="Famiglia (tassonomia) – איטלקית" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Famiglia (tassonomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="איטלקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="科 (分類学) – יפנית" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="科 (分類学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="יפנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulawarga_(biologi)" title="Kulawarga (biologi) – יאוואית" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kulawarga (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="יאוואית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ოჯახი (ბიოლოგია) – גאורגית" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოჯახი (ბიოლოგია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="גאורגית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawacult_(tasnudert)" title="Tawacult (tasnudert) – קבילה" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tawacult (tasnudert)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="קבילה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Тұқымдас – קזחית" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұқымдас" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="קזחית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="과 (생물학) – קוריאנית" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과 (생물학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="קוריאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%9B%D9%B2%DA%98" title="پرٛٲژ – קשמירית" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پرٛٲژ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="קשמירית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%AEle" title="Famîle – כורדית כורמנג׳ית" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Famîle" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="כורדית כורמנג׳ית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тукум – קירגיזית" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тукум" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="קירגיזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(taxinomia)" title="Familia (taxinomia) – לטינית" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Familia (taxinomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="לטינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famill_(Biologie)" title="Famill (Biologie) – לוקסמבורגית" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Famill (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="לוקסמבורגית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femielje_(biologie)" title="Femielje (biologie) – לימבורגית" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Femielje (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="לימבורגית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%ACa_(biolog%C3%ACa)" title="Famìa (biologìa) – לומברדית" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Famìa (biologìa)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="לומברדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0eima_(biologija)" title="Šeima (biologija) – ליטאית" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šeima (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ליטאית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzimta_(biolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Dzimta (bioloģija) – לטבית" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzimta (bioloģija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="לטבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famili" title="Famili – מיננגקבאו" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Famili" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="מיננגקבאו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Семејство (биологија) – מקדונית" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Семејство (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="מקדונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="കുടുംബം (ജീവശാസ്ത്രം) – מליאלאם" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുടുംബം (ജീവശാസ്ത്രം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="מליאלאם" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluarga_(biologi)" title="Keluarga (biologi) – מלאית" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keluarga (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="מלאית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familja_(bijolo%C4%A1ija)" title="Familja (bijoloġija) – מלטית" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Familja (bijoloġija)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="מלטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familha_(biologie)" title="Familha (biologie) – מירנדזית" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Familha (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="מירנדזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မျိုးရင်း – בורמזית" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မျိုးရင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="בורמזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_(%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="خانواده (زیست) – מאזאנדראני" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خانواده (زیست)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="מאזאנדראני" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie) – גרמנית תחתית" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Familie (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="גרמנית תחתית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie) – הולנדית" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Familie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="הולנדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologisk_familie" title="Biologisk familie – נורווגית חדשה" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biologisk familie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="נורווגית חדשה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologi)" title="Familie (biologi) – נורווגית ספרותית" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Familie (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="נורווגית ספרותית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familha_(biologia)" title="Familha (biologia) – אוקסיטנית" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Familha (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="אוקסיטנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Бинонад – אוסטית" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бинонад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="אוסטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolohia)" title="Familia (biolohia) – פמפאניה" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Familia (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="פמפאניה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famia_(biologia)" title="Famia (biologia) – פפיאמנטו" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Famia (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="פפיאמנטו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodzina_(biologia)" title="Rodzina (biologia) – פולנית" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rodzina (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="פולנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famija_(tassonom%C3%ACa)" title="Famija (tassonomìa) – פיימונטית" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Famija (tassonomìa)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="פיימונטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_(%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA)" title="ٹبر (جیون پڑھت) – פנג׳בית מערבית" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹبر (جیون پڑھت)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="פנג׳בית מערבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_(biologia)" title="Família (biologia) – פורטוגזית" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Família (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="פורטוגזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikch%27aq_ayllu" title="Rikch&#039;aq ayllu – קצ׳ואה" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rikch&#039;aq ayllu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="קצ׳ואה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie) – רומנית" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Familie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="רומנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Семейство – רוסית" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семейство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="רוסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Родина (біолоґія) – רוסינית קרפטית" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Родина (біолоґія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="רוסינית קרפטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Кэргэн (биология) – סאחה" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кэргэн (биология)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="סאחה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famigghia_(biolugg%C3%ACa)" title="Famigghia (bioluggìa) – סיציליאנית" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Famigghia (bioluggìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="סיציליאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faimily_(biology)" title="Faimily (biology) – סקוטית" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Faimily (biology)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="סקוטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="خاندان (حياتيات) – סינדהית" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خاندان (حياتيات)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="סינדהית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porodica_(taksonomija)" title="Porodica (taksonomija) – סרבו-קרואטית" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Porodica (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="סרבו-קרואטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="කුලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව) – סינהלה" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කුලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="סינהלה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology) – אנגלית פשוטה" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Family (biology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית פשוטה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C4%BEa%C4%8F_(taxon%C3%B3mia)" title="Čeľaď (taxonómia) – סלובקית" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čeľaď (taxonómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="סלובקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%BEina_(biologija)" title="Družina (biologija) – סלובנית" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Družina (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="סלובנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Породица (биологија) – סרבית" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Породица (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="סרבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_(biologi)" title="Suku (biologi) – סונדנזית" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Suku (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="סונדנזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familj_(biologi)" title="Familj (biologi) – שוודית" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Familj (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="שוודית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolojia)" title="Familia (biolojia) – סווהילי" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Familia (biolojia)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="סווהילי" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="குடும்பம் (உயிரியல்) – טמילית" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குடும்பம் (உயிரியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="טמילית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82)" title="కుటుంబము (జీవశాస్త్రం) – טלוגו" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కుటుంబము (జీవశాస్త్రం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="טלוגו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3)" title="Тира (зистшиносӣ) – טג׳יקית" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тира (зистшиносӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="טג׳יקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="วงศ์ (ชีววิทยา) – תאית" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงศ์ (ชีววิทยา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="תאית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamilya_(biyolohiya)" title="Pamilya (biyolohiya) – טאגאלוג" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pamilya (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="טאגאלוג" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familya" title="Familya – טורקית" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Familya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="טורקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Гаиләлек (биология) – טטרית" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гаиләлек (биология)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="טטרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Родина (біологія) – אוקראינית" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Родина (біологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="אוקראינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="خاندان (حیاتیات) – אורדו" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خاندان (حیاتیات)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="אורדו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oila_(biologiya)" title="Oila (biologiya) – אוזבקית" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oila (biologiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="אוזבקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fameja_(tasonomia)" title="Fameja (tasonomia) – ונציאנית" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fameja (tasonomia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="ונציאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Họ (sinh học) – וייטנאמית" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ (sinh học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="וייטנאמית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie) – פלמית מערבית" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Familie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="פלמית מערבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famile_(biyolodjeye)" title="Famile (biyolodjeye) – ולונית" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Famile (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ולונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biyolohiya)" title="Familia (biyolohiya) – וראית" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Familia (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="וראית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%EF%BC%88%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%EF%BC%89" title="科(生物) – סינית וו" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科(生物)" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="סינית וו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usapho_(lwakwa_Bayoloji)" title="Usapho (lwakwa Bayoloji) – קוסה" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Usapho (lwakwa Bayoloji)" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="קוסה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ფანია (ბიოლოგია) – מינגרלית" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფანია (ბიოლოგია)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="מינגרלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2_(%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2)" title="פאמיליע (ביאלאגיע) – יידיש" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאמיליע (ביאלאגיע)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="יידיש" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femielje_(biologie)" title="Femielje (biologie) – זילנדית" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Femielje (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="זילנדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="科 (生物) – סינית" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科 (生物)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="סינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kho_(hun-l%C5%ABi-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="Kho (hun-lūi-ha̍k) – מין נאנית" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kho (hun-lūi-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="מין נאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91" title="科 – קנטונזית" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="קנטונזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umndeni_(kumchazampilo)" title="Umndeni (kumchazampilo) – זולו" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umndeni (kumchazampilo)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="זולו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35409#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="עריכת קישורים בין־לשוניים" class="wbc-editpage">עריכת הקישורים</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="מרחבי שם"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="צפייה בדף התוכן [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ערך</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97%D7%94:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" rel="discussion" title="שיחה על דף התוכן [t]" accesskey="t"><span>שיחה</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="שינוי הגוון השפה" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_%28%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94%29&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>הורדה כ־PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)&amp;printable=yes" title="גרסה להדפסה של הדף הזה [p]" accesskey="p"><span>גרסה להדפסה</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> במיזמים אחרים </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Families_(biology)" hreflang="en"><span>ויקישיתוף</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35409" title="קישור לפריט המשויך במאגר הנתונים [g]" accesskey="g"><span>פריט ויקינתונים</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="כלי דף"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="מראה"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">מראה</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">מתוך ויקיפדיה, האנציקלופדיה החופשית</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="he" dir="rtl"><table cellpadding="1" style="float: left; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; margin: 10px 2px 10px 2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #ccf; text-align: center;"><b>דרגה טקסונומית (<a href="/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="טקסונומיה (ביולוגיה)">טקסונומיה</a>)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><small>דרגות המיון המקובלות של עולם הטבע.<br />בכתב ישר: דרגות ראשיות. בנטוי: דרגות משניות.</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94" title="על-ממלכה">על־ממלכה</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ממלכה (טקסונומיה)">ממלכה</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="תת-ממלכה (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>תת־ממלכה</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="על-מערכה (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>על־מערכה</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="מערכה (טקסונומיה)">מערכה</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%94" title="תת-מערכה"><small><i>תת־מערכה</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="על-מחלקה (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>על־מחלקה</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="מחלקה (טקסונומיה)">מחלקה</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="תת-מחלקה (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>תת־מחלקה</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90-%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="אינפרא-מחלקה (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>אינפרא־מחלקה</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="על-סדרה (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>על־סדרה</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="סדרה (טקסונומיה)">סדרה</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="תת-סדרה (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>תת־סדרה</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90-%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="אינפרא-סדרה (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>אינפרא־סדרה</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="על-משפחה (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>על־משפחה</i></small></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">משפחה</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="תת-משפחה (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>תת־משפחה</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%98_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="שבט (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>שבט</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%98_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="תת-שבט (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>תת־שבט</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="סוג (טקסונומיה)">סוג</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="תת-סוג (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>תת־סוג</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="סקציה (טקסונומיה)"><small><i>סקציה</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="מין (טקסונומיה)">מין</a></li> <li><small><i><a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%AA%D6%BE%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="תת־מין">תת־מין</a></i></small></li> <li><small><i><a href="/wiki/%D7%96%D7%9F_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="זן (טקסונומיה)">זן</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A2_(%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="גזע (ביולוגיה)">גזע</a></i></small></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="executeJS" data-gadgetname="ImgToggle"></span></p><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 150px;display:table;"> <div class="img_toggle" align="center"> <div class="imgtogglebox"><span class="imgtoggleboxTitle">לחצו כדי להקטין חזרה</span> <figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Scientific_classification_he.png/150px-Scientific_classification_he.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="521" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Scientific_classification_he.png/225px-Scientific_classification_he.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Scientific_classification_he.png/300px-Scientific_classification_he.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="1191" usemap="#ImageMap_a384167faa561cb9" /></span><map name="ImageMap_a384167faa561cb9"><area href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94" shape="rect" coords="15,2,130,51" alt="על-ממלכה" title="על-ממלכה" /><area href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" shape="rect" coords="15,71,130,120" alt="ממלכה" title="ממלכה" /><area href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" shape="rect" coords="16,136,131,186" alt="מערכה" title="מערכה" /><area href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" shape="rect" coords="16,202,131,253" alt="מחלקה" title="מחלקה" /><area href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" shape="rect" coords="15,268,131,317" alt="סדרה" title="סדרה" /><area href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" shape="rect" coords="16,401,131,451" alt="סוג" title="סוג" /><area href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" shape="rect" coords="16,468,130,517" alt="מין" title="מין" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div class="imgtogglebox" style="display:none;"><span class="imgtoggleboxTitle">לחצו להגדלה</span> <figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Scientific_classification_he.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="2083" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="1191" usemap="#ImageMap_4754ec2e427351b9" /></span><map name="ImageMap_4754ec2e427351b9"><area href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94" shape="rect" coords="59,7,519,203" alt="על-ממלכה" title="על-ממלכה" /><area href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" shape="rect" coords="59,283,519,481" alt="ממלכה" title="ממלכה" /><area href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" shape="rect" coords="63,544,523,743" alt="מערכה" title="מערכה" /><area href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" shape="rect" coords="63,806,523,1011" alt="מחלקה" title="מחלקה" /><area href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" shape="rect" coords="59,1070,523,1266" alt="סדרה" title="סדרה" /><area href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" shape="rect" coords="63,1604,523,1803" alt="סוג" title="סוג" /><area href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" shape="rect" coords="63,1870,519,2069" alt="מין" title="מין" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <span style="float:left;direction:ltr"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Scientific_classification_he.png" title="לדף הקובץ"><img alt="לדף הקובץ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Magnify-clip.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="11" /></a></span></span></div><div style="float:left;clear:left;" class="nomobile"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תמונה אינטראקטיבית (לחצו להסבר)‏"><img alt="תמונה אינטראקטיבית (לחצו להסבר)‏" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Arrow_Button_He.png/15px-Arrow_Button_He.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Arrow_Button_He.png/23px-Arrow_Button_He.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Arrow_Button_He.png 2x" data-file-width="26" data-file-height="26" /></a></span></div><hr />דרגות המיון המקובלות של עולם הטבע. לחץ על הדרגות השונות על מנת להגיע לערכים המורחבים עליהם.</div> </div></div> <p><b>משפחה</b> (ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="לטינית">לטינית</a>: <b>familia</b>) היא אחת הקבוצות ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94" title="טקסונומיה">טקסונומיות</a> הבסיסיות ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="טקסונומיה (ביולוגיה)">מיון עולם הטבע</a>. לעיתים באות לידי שימוש גם קבוצות משנה: <b>על־משפחה</b> ו<b>תת־משפחה</b>. </p><p>בהיררכיה של מיון עולם הטבע, נמצאת המשפחה מתחת ל<a href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="סדרה (טקסונומיה)">סדרה</a>, ומעל ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="סוג (טקסונומיה)">סוג</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="תצורתם_של_שמות_משפחות"><span id=".D7.AA.D7.A6.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.AA.D7.9D_.D7.A9.D7.9C_.D7.A9.D7.9E.D7.95.D7.AA_.D7.9E.D7.A9.D7.A4.D7.97.D7.95.D7.AA"></span>תצורתם של שמות משפחות</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: תצורתם של שמות משפחות"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="עריכת פסקה: &quot;תצורתם של שמות משפחות&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>בעברית נהוג ששמה של המשפחה תבוא בסיומת <b>־ִיִּים</b> כגון במשפחות <a href="/wiki/%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חתוליים">חתוליים</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="דוביים">דוביים</a> ו<a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שושניים">שושניים</a>. לתת־משפחות, נהוג השימוש בסיומת <b>־ִים</b> כגון <a href="/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="יעלים">יעלים</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ערפדים">ערפדים</a>. לעיתים בוועדה למונחי זואולוגיה נוהגים לתת צירוף של 'משפחת + שם מיודע' ('משפחת אוזן־הים').<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99" title="שם מדעי">שמה המדעי הלטיני</a> של המשפחה, נקבע בהתאם לכללים המקובלים בקהילות ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%96%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="זואולוגיה">זואולוגים</a> וה<a href="/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="בוטניקה">בוטניקאים</a>. בזואולוגיה, נוצר שם המשפחה משם הסוג האופייני, בתוספת הסיומת idae. בבוטניקה, נוצר שם המשפחה משם הסוג האופייני בתוספת aceae. </p><p>לדוגמה, בזואולוגיה, שם המשפחה Canidae (<a href="/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="כלביים">כלביים</a>) נוצר על ידי תחילת שמו – Can מן הסוג <i>Canis</i> (<a href="/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%91_(%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92)" title="כלב (סוג)">כלב</a>) והסיומת idae. בבוטניקה, שם המשפחה Liliaceae (<a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שושניים">שושניים</a>) נוצר על ידי תחילת שמו – Lili מן הסוג <i>Lilium</i> (<a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9F_(%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92)" title="שושן (סוג)">שושן</a>) והסיומת aceae. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ההיסטוריה_של_המונח"><span id=".D7.94.D7.94.D7.99.D7.A1.D7.98.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.94_.D7.A9.D7.9C_.D7.94.D7.9E.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.97"></span>ההיסטוריה של המונח</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: ההיסטוריה של המונח"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="עריכת פסקה: &quot;ההיסטוריה של המונח&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>השימוש בביטוי 'משפחה' לציון קבוצה טקסונומית הנמצאת בין סדרה לסוג, נקבע רק בתחילת <a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-20" title="המאה ה-20">המאה ה־20</a>. </p><p>לראשונה השתמש הבוטניקאי ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="צרפת">צרפתי</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="פייר מגנול (הדף אינו קיים)">פייר מַניוֹל</a> <small class="noprint" dir="rtl">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Magnol" class="extiw" title="en:Pierre Magnol">אנ'</a>)</small> במונח משפחה (famille ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="צרפתית">צרפתית</a>) לציון קבוצה בשנת <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>. אחריו נעשה השימוש במילה לציון קבוצות שונות. <a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="קארולוס ליניאוס">קארולוס ליניאוס</a> בחיבורו Philosophia botanica בשנת <a href="/wiki/1751" title="1751">1751</a> כינה קבוצות גדולות בשם 'משפחה', להן הוא שייך צמחים שונים כדי לדון ביתר נוחות במורפולוגיה שלהם, אך לא השתמש בשם זה לצורך המיון שלו. רק במחצית השנייה של <a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-18" title="המאה ה-18">המאה ה־18</a> החלו להשתמש בביטוי משפחה לציון קבוצה בוטנית מוגדרת. זה נעשה כתרגום למילה הלטינית Ordo (כיום סדרה). השימוש בשיטה זו נפסק עם כניסת המוסכמות הבינלאומיות למיון עולם הטבע בשנת <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>. בזואולוגיה, נעשה שימוש במונח במשמעותו העדכנית כבר על ידי <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="פייר אנדרה לטרייל (הדף אינו קיים)">פייר אנדרה לטרייל</a> בשנת <a href="/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a>, והוא נכנס לשימוש קבוע במהלך <a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-19" title="המאה ה-19">המאה ה־19</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:left; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Strix_nebulosa_CT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Strix_nebulosa_CT.jpg/230px-Strix_nebulosa_CT.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Strix_nebulosa_CT.jpg/345px-Strix_nebulosa_CT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Strix_nebulosa_CT.jpg/460px-Strix_nebulosa_CT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3984" data-file-height="3064" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Asio_flammeus_-Fazenda_Campo_de_Ouro,_Piraju,_Sao_Paulo,_Brasil-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Asio_flammeus_-Fazenda_Campo_de_Ouro%2C_Piraju%2C_Sao_Paulo%2C_Brasil-8.jpg/220px-Asio_flammeus_-Fazenda_Campo_de_Ouro%2C_Piraju%2C_Sao_Paulo%2C_Brasil-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Asio_flammeus_-Fazenda_Campo_de_Ouro%2C_Piraju%2C_Sao_Paulo%2C_Brasil-8.jpg/330px-Asio_flammeus_-Fazenda_Campo_de_Ouro%2C_Piraju%2C_Sao_Paulo%2C_Brasil-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Asio_flammeus_-Fazenda_Campo_de_Ouro%2C_Piraju%2C_Sao_Paulo%2C_Brasil-8.jpg/440px-Asio_flammeus_-Fazenda_Campo_de_Ouro%2C_Piraju%2C_Sao_Paulo%2C_Brasil-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1424" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" title="לילית אפורה">לילית אפורה</a> ו<a href="/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A3_%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ינשוף שדות">ינשוף שדות</a>, שני מינים ממשפחת ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ינשופיים">ינשופיים</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="הערות_שוליים"><span id=".D7.94.D7.A2.D7.A8.D7.95.D7.AA_.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.9C.D7.99.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>הערות שוליים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: הערות שוליים"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="עריכת פסקה: &quot;הערות שוליים&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-small"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.hebrew-academy.org.il/Millonim/ShowMillon?KodMillon=241">מילון בעלי חיים: רכיכות (תשס"ד), 2003</a>, באתר <a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האקדמיה ללשון העברית">האקדמיה ללשון העברית</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="בקרת_זהויות_15px&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35409?uselang=he&amp;#124;עריכת_הנתון_בוויקינתונים" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="בקרת_זהויות_15px&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35409?uselang=he&amp;#124;עריכת_הנתון_בוויקינתונים" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%96%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="עזרה:בקרת זהויות">בקרת זהויות</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35409?uselang=he" title="עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים"><img alt="עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Blue_pencil_RTL.svg/15px-Blue_pencil_RTL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Blue_pencil_RTL.svg/23px-Blue_pencil_RTL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Blue_pencil_RTL.svg/30px-Blue_pencil_RTL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-right-width:2px;border-right-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div dir="ltr"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%91" title="קובץ בקרה משולב">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4291109-6">4291109-6</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- 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