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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Familie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Familie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Familie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Familie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 56 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="آلن لويد هودجكين – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آلن لويد هودجكين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="آلن لويد هودجكين – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="آلن لويد هودجكين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الن هاجکین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الن هاجکین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Алан Ходжкін – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алан Ходжкін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алън Ходжкин – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алън Ходжкин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="অ্যালান হজকিন – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যালান হজকিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%BE%DB%86%D8%AF%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ئالان ھۆدکین – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئالان ھۆدکین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%9B%CF%8C%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A7%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Άλαν Λόυντ Χότζκιν – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλαν Λόυντ Χότζκιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الن هاجکین – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الن هاجکین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%92%27%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אלן הודג'קין – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלן הודג'קין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BC%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A4_%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%BB%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ալան Լլոյդ Հոջկին – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալան Լլոյդ Հոջկին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3" title="アラン・ロイド・ホジキン – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラン・ロイド・ホジキン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ალან ლოიდ ჰოჯკინი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალან ლოიდ ჰოჯკინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алан Ходжкин – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алан Ходжкин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A8%EB%9F%B0_%ED%98%B8%EC%A7%80%ED%82%A8" title="앨런 호지킨 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="앨런 호지킨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanus_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alanus Lloyd Hodgkin – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alanus Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الن هاجکین – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="الن هاجکین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%88_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%AC%DA%A9%D9%86" title="ایلن لائڈ ہوجکن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایلن لائڈ ہوجکن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ходжкин, Алан – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ходжкин, Алан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%9F%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алан Хоџкин – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алан Хоџкин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_L._Hodgkin" title="Alan L. Hodgkin – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alan L. Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Алан Годжкін – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алан Годжкін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ایلن لائیڈ ہاجکین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایلن لائیڈ ہاجکین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E5%8A%B3%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A5%87%E9%87%91" title="艾伦·劳埃德·霍奇金 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="艾伦·劳埃德·霍奇金" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A5%87%E9%87%91" title="艾倫·勞埃德·霍奇金 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾倫·勞埃德·霍奇金" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" 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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelprijswinnaar"><img alt="Nobelprijswinnaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>  Alan Lloyd Hodgkin </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/5_februari" title="5 februari">5 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a> – <a href="/wiki/20_december" title="20 december">20 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (1963)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg/266px-Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%"><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_(titel)" title="Sir (titel)">sir</a></i> Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (1963)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteland </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Verenigd Koninkrijk">Verenigd Koninkrijk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury">Banbury</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overlijdensplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Cambridge (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Cambridge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nobelprijs </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <td colspan="2">1963 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reden </th> <td colspan="2">Voor het beschrijven van elektrische transmissie van impulsen langs <a href="/wiki/Zenuw" title="Zenuw">zenuwen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Samen met </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles">John Eccles</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Voorganger(s)</span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger(s) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Konrad Bloch">Konrad Bloch</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" class="mw-redirect" title="Feodor Lynen">Feodor Lynen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geneeskunde" title="Portaal:Geneeskunde">Geneeskunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</b>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Order of Merit (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">OM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orde_van_het_Britse_Rijk" title="Orde van het Britse Rijk">KBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">FRS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury">Banbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/5_februari" title="5 februari">5 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Cambridge (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/20_december" title="20 december">20 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was een Brits <a href="/wiki/Fysiologie" title="Fysiologie">fysioloog</a> en <a href="/wiki/Biofysica" title="Biofysica">biofysicus</a>. Hij won in 1963 samen met <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles">John Eccles</a> en <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a> voor het beschrijven van elektrische transmissie van impulsen langs <a href="/wiki/Zenuw" title="Zenuw">zenuwen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hodgkin werd geboren in Banbury, graafschap <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>, als zoon van George L. Hodgkin en Mary Wilson. Toen hij vier jaar oud was overleed zijn vader in bezet Bagdad aan <a href="/wiki/Dysenterie" title="Dysenterie">dysenterie</a>, waarna zijn moeder hertrouwde met Lionel Smith. Hodgkin studeerde aan de <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Downs_School_(Malvern)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Downs School (Malvern) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Downs School</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Gresham%27s_School" title="Gresham's School">Gresham's School</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_(Cambridge)" title="Trinity College (Cambridge)">Trinity College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Cambridge (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Met <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Fielding Huxley</a> werkte Hodgkin aan experimentele metingen, en kwam zo tot een van de eerste toepassingen van en techniek van <a href="/wiki/Elektrofysiologie" title="Elektrofysiologie">elektrofysiologie</a>, bekend als "<a href="/wiki/Voltage_clamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage clamp">voltage clamp</a>". Het tweede kritische onderdeel van hun onderzoek was de zogenaamde enorme <a href="/wiki/Axon" title="Axon">axon</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Pijlinktvis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pijlinktvis">pijlinktvis</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Loligo_pealeii" title="Loligo pealeii">Loligo pealeii</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-huxley01_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huxley01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiermee konden ze de ionische stromen meten die tot dan toe onmeetbaar waren in elk ander type <a href="/wiki/Zenuwcel" title="Zenuwcel">zenuwcel</a>, omdat deze te klein waren om te meten met destijds beschikbare technieken. Ze bemerkten dat stimulering van de zenuwcel gepaard gaat met een verandering van het elektrisch <a href="/wiki/Actiepotentiaal" title="Actiepotentiaal">potentiaal</a> over het membraan van de zenuwcel. Deze experimenten vonden plaats aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Cambridge" title="Universiteit van Cambridge">Universiteit van Cambridge</a>, en begonnen in 1935. De komst van de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a> legde het onderzoek tijdelijk stil. </p><p>Tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog werkte Hodgkin bij het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Aircraft_Establishment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Aircraft Establishment (de pagina bestaat niet)">Royal Aircraft Establishment</a> op het vliegveld <a href="/wiki/Farnborough_Airport" title="Farnborough Airport">Farnborough</a> aan de fysiologische problemen die piloten ondervonden bij het vliegen op grote hoogte. In februari 1940 werd hij overgeplaatst naar de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_Research_Establishment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications Research Establishment (de pagina bestaat niet)">Telecommunications Research Establishment</a> (TRE), waar hij werkte aan de ontwikkeling van een <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> die kon werken met <a href="/wiki/Golflengte" title="Golflengte">golflengtes</a> van 5 tot 10 centimeter, noodzakelijk voor het installeren van radarinstallaties in vliegtuigen. Hodgkin vloog tientallen keren mee op testvluchten. Het systeem dat hij hielp ontwikkelen was van groot belang bij de luchtsteun voor de geallieerde landing in Normandië in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-huxley00_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huxley00-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1944 bracht Hodgkin enkele maanden door in de <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a>, om ervaring met radarontwikkeling uit te wisselen. In juni 1945 keerde hij terug naar Cambridge om zijn fysiologische onderzoek voort te zetten. </p><p>In 1946 voegde Andrew Huxley zich weer bij hem en konden ze hun werk aan actiepotentialen weer voortzetten. Ze ontdekten dat als een zenuw actief wordt, de actiepotentiaal vele malen groter was dan in rust. In 1952 publiceerden Hodgkin en Huxley hun bevindingen<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over hoe de actiepotentiaal zich voortplant. Hun theorie was dat in een zenuwuitloper een instroom van natriumionen en een uitstroom van kalumionen optreedt, door het membraan van de zenuwcel.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pas decennia later werd het door hun gehypothetiseerde <a href="/wiki/Ionkanaal" title="Ionkanaal">ionkanaal</a> ontdekt. In 1963 kregen ze voor hun onderzoek de Nobelprijs. In 1965 verkreeg hij de <a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a>, nadat hij eerder al in 1958 met de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Medal (de pagina bestaat niet)">Royal Medal</a> was onderscheiden. Hun inzichten hebben onder andere bijgedragen aan het begrip dat 'elektrische impulsen' die zich langs een zenuw verplaatsen het gevolg zijn van geladen ionen die bewegen aan de binnenzijde naar de buitenzijde van de zenuwcel. </p><p>Van 1970 tot 1975 was Hodgkin <i>president</i> van de <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>, en van 1978 tot 1984 was hij <i>master</i> van het Trinity College. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Familie">Familie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Familie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Familie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zijn echtgenote Marion Rous Hodgkin was een succesvol schrijfster van kinderliteratuur, met boeken zoals <i>Young Winter's Tale</i> en <i>Dead Indeed</i>. Samen kregen een zoon en drie dochters. Hodgkins neef, historicus Thomas L. Hodgkin, was de echtgenote van Nobellaureaat <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin</a> en zijn schoonvader, patholoog <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis Peyton Rous</a>, won de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs" title="Nobelprijs">Nobelprijs</a> drie jaar na Hodgkin voor zijn onderzoek naar kanker veroorzaakt door virussen. </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <p><b>Bronnen</b> </p> <ul><li>Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin?oldid=">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a> op de Engelstalige Wikipedia, dat onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a> valt. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin?action=history">bewerkingsgeschiedenis</a></span> aldaar.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66936091">.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding{color:#ff0000;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding span{font-size:larger}</style></li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Arnold, Denise Adams</span> (1995). "Alan L. Hodgkin". <i>Notable Twentieth-Century Scientists</i>.  Detroit: Gale Research Inc. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0810391819" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0810391819">ISBN 978-0810391819 </a></span>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php?pageid=172">The Master of Trinity</a> at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1963/hodgkin/biographical/">Alan L. Hodgkin – Biographical</a>. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1963/hodgkin/speech/">Alan Hodgkin – Banquet speech</a>. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/239286.stm">BBC obituary</a></li></ul> <p><b>Noten</b> </p> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">GRO Register of Births: MAR 1914 3a 2167 BANBURY - Alan L. Hodgkin, mmn = Wilson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">GRO Register of Deaths: DEC 1998 B43C 32 CAMBRIDGE - Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, DoB = 5 Feb 1914, aged 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Benson, S. G. G., Crossley Evans, Martin, <i>I Will Plant Me a Tree: an Illustrated History of Gresham's School</i> (James & James, London, 2002) <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-907383-92-0" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-907383-92-0">ISBN 0-907383-92-0</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-huxley01-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-huxley01_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFA.L._Hodgkin,_A.F._Huxley,_B,_Katz1952"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A.L. Hodgkin, A.F. Huxley, B, Katz</span> (1952). <cite>Measurement of current-voltage relations in the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo</cite>. <i>Journal of Physiology</i> <b>116</b> (4): 424-448. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1392219">1392219</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-huxley00-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-huxley00_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFSir_Andrew_Huxley2000"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Sir Andrew Huxley</span> (2000). <cite>Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, O.M., K.B.E. 5 February 1914 -- 20 December 1998: Elected F.R.S. 1948</cite>. <i>Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</i> <b>46</b>: 219. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1999.0081">10.1098/rsbm.1999.0081</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFA.L._Hodgkin,_A.F._Huxley1952"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A.L. Hodgkin, A.F. Huxley</span> (1952). <cite>A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve</cite>. <i>Journal of Physiology</i> <b>117</b> (4): 500–544. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1392413">1392413</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFA.L._Hodgkin,_A.F._Huxley1952"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A.L. Hodgkin, A.F. Huxley</span> (1952). <cite>Properties of Nerve Axons, I. Movement of Sodium and Potassium Ions During Nervous Activity</cite>. <i>Cold Spring Harbor Symposia Quantitative Biology</i> (17): 43-52. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/SQB.1952.017.01.007">10.1101/SQB.1952.017.01.007</a>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output 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of Geneeskunde</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <p>1901: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Behring</a> · 1902: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a> · 1903: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Finsen</a> · 1904: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Pavlov</a> · 1905: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a> · 1906: <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a> · 1907: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran" title="Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran">Laveran</a> · 1908: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Iljitsj_Metsjnikov" title="Ilja Iljitsj Metsjnikov">Mechnikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a> · 1909: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a> · 1910: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a> · 1911: <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a> · 1912: <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a> · 1913: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Richet</a> · 1914: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a> · 1919: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a> · 1920: <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a> · 1922: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a> · 1923: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod_(medicus)" title="John Macleod (medicus)">Macleod</a> · 1924: <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a> · 1926: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Grib_Fibiger" title="Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger">Fibiger</a> · 1927: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a> · 1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a> · 1929: <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Hopkins</a> · 1930: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a> · 1931: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg</a> · 1932: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Adrian</a> · 1933: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a> · 1934: <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Murphy" title="William Murphy">Murphy</a> · 1935: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a> · 1936: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a> · 1937: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a> · 1938: <a href="/wiki/Corneel_Heymans" title="Corneel Heymans">Heymans</a> · 1939: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a> · 1943: <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a> · 1944: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Gasser</a> · 1945: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a> · 1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a> · 1947: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C. Cori</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G. Cori</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Houssay</a> · 1948: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Müller</a> · 1949: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">Moniz</a> · 1950: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Hench</a> · 1951: <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a> · 1952: <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Waksman</a> · 1953: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(arts)" title="Hans Krebs (arts)">Krebs</a>,<a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Lipmann</a> · 1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Robbins</a> · 1955: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a> · 1956: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Forssmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a> · 1957: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a> · 1958: <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a> · 1959: <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a> · 1960: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a> · 1961: <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a> · 1962: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a> · 1963: <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Huxley</a> · 1964: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen" title="Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen">Lynen</a> · 1965: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michael_Lwoff" title="André Michael Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Monod</a> · 1966: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Huggins</a> · 1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a> · 1968: <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a> · 1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Luria</a> · 1970: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Svante_von_Euler" title="Ulf Svante von Euler">Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a> · 1971: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_jr." title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland jr.">Sutherland</a> · 1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Porter" title="Rodney Porter">Porter</a> · 1973: <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niko_Tinbergen" title="Niko Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> · 1974: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">De Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">Palade</a> · 1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Temin</a> · 1976: <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a> · 1977: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Yalow</a> · 1978: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Othanel_Smith" title="Hamilton Othanel Smith">Smith</a> · 1979: <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a> · 1980: <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">Snell</a> · 1981: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sperry" title="Roger Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Wiesel</a> · 1982: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Karl_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Karl Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Ingemar_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Vane" title="John Robert Vane">Vane</a> · 1983: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a> · 1984: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_J.F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J.F. Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a> · 1985: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goldstein" title="Joseph Goldstein">Goldstein</a> · 1986: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemicus)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemicus)">Cohen</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a></span> · 1987: <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a> · 1988: <a href="/wiki/James_Whyte_Black" title="James Whyte Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Elion" title="Gertrude Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">Hitchings</a> · 1989: <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Bishop" title="John Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Varmus</a> · 1990: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray_(chirurg)" title="Joseph Murray (chirurg)">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a> · 1991: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a> · 1992: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Gerhard_Krebs" title="Edwin Gerhard Krebs">Krebs</a> · 1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Roberts" title="Richard John Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Sharp</a> · 1994: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Goodman_Gilman" title="Alfred Goodman Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a> · 1995: <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a> · 1996: <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a> · 1997: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Prusiner</a> · 1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a> · 1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a> · 2000: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a> · 2001: <a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a> · 2002: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Sulston" title="John Edward Sulston">Sulston</a> · 2003: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a> · 2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a> · 2005: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a> · 2006: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Mello</a> · 2007: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a> · 2008: <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Zur Hausen</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré–Sinoussi</a>,</span> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a> · 2009: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a> · 2010: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards_(fysioloog)" title="Robert Edwards (fysioloog)">Edwards</a> · 2011: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a> · 2012: <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a> · 2013: <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a> · 2014: <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Moser</a> · 2015: <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell_(wetenschapper)" title="William C. Campbell (wetenschapper)">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_Omura" title="Satoshi Omura">Omura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youyou_Tu" title="Youyou Tu">Tu</a> · 2016: <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Osumi" title="Yoshinori Osumi">Osumi</a> · 2017: <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a> · 2018: <a href="/wiki/James_Allison" title="James Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a> · 2019: <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_jr." title="William Kaelin jr.">Kaelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a> · 2020: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. 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