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accesskey="z"><span>Početna strana</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-featured" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Istaknuti_%C4%8Dlanci"><span>Istaknuti članci</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Portali</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorije"><span>Kategorije</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Nedavne_izmjene" title="Spisak nedavnih izmjena na wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Nedavne izmjene</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Nasumi%C4%8Dna_stranica" title="Učitaj nasumičnu stranicu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Nasumična stranica</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Interakcija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Sadr%C5%BEaj" title="Mjesto gdje možete nešto da naučite."><span>Pomoć</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-sandbox" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igrali%C5%A1te"><span>Igralište</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vrata_zajednice" title="O projektu, šta možete da uradite, gdje se šta nalazi"><span>Vrata zajednice</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Pretraga"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Traži</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Lični alati"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izgled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izgled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=bs.wikipedia.org&uselang=bs" class=""><span>Donacije</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Napravi_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Soli+%28hemijski+spojevi%29" title="Predlažemo vam da napravite račun i prijavite se; međutim, to nije obavezno" class=""><span>Napravi korisnički račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Korisni%C4%8Dka_prijava&returnto=Soli+%28hemijski+spojevi%29" title="Predlažemo vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijavi me</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Više opcija" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lični alati" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lični alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Korisnički meni" > <div 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<span>Prijavi me</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stranice za odjavljene urednike <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Uvod" aria-label="Saznajte više o uređivanju"><span>detaljnije</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moji_doprinosi" title="Spisak izmjena napravljenih s ove IP-adrese [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Doprinosi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moj_razgovor" title="Rasprava o izmjenama s ove IP-adrese [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Neorganske_soli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neorganske_soli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Neorganske soli</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Neorganske_soli-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Neorganske soli</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Neorganske_soli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primjeri_kationa_i_aniona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primjeri_kationa_i_aniona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Primjeri kationa i aniona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primjeri_kationa_i_aniona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osobine_soli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osobine_soli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Osobine soli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osobine_soli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drugi_kationi_i_anioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drugi_kationi_i_anioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Drugi kationi i anioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drugi_kationi_i_anioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kristalna_voda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kristalna_voda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Kristalna voda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kristalna_voda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dvostruke_soli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dvostruke_soli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Dvostruke soli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dvostruke_soli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obuhvat_pojma_soli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obuhvat_pojma_soli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Obuhvat pojma <i>soli</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obuhvat_pojma_soli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organske_soli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organske_soli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organske soli</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organske_soli-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Organske soli</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organske_soli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primjeri_organskih_kationa_i_aniona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primjeri_organskih_kationa_i_aniona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Primjeri organskih kationa i aniona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primjeri_organskih_kationa_i_aniona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dobijanje_neorganskih_soli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dobijanje_neorganskih_soli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dobijanje neorganskih soli</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dobijanje_neorganskih_soli-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Dobijanje neorganskih soli</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dobijanje_neorganskih_soli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reakcije_kiselina_i_baza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reakcije_kiselina_i_baza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Reakcije kiselina i baza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reakcije_kiselina_i_baza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iz_drugih_soli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iz_drugih_soli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Iz drugih soli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iz_drugih_soli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reakcije_oksida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reakcije_oksida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Reakcije oksida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reakcije_oksida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Druge_reakcije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Druge_reakcije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Druge reakcije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Druge_reakcije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Soli (hemijski spojevi)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 115 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-115" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">115 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sout_(chemiese_stof)" title="Sout (chemiese stof) – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sout (chemiese stof)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salze" title="Salze – njemački (Švicarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Salze" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="njemački (Švicarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(quimica)" title="Sal (quimica) – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sal (quimica)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3" title="लवण – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लवण" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="ملح (كيمياء) – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملح (كيمياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%A3" title="লৱণ – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লৱণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(adob%C3%ADu)" title="Sal (adobíu) – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sal (adobíu)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duz_(kimya)" title="Duz (kimya) – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Duz (kimya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%99%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тоҙҙар – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тоҙҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droskas" title="Droskas – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Droskas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asin_(kimika)" title="Asin (kimika) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Asin (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Солі – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Солі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Солі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Солі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garem" title="Garem – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Garem" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Сол – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyah" title="Uyah – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Uyah" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A3_(%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8)" title="লবণ (রসায়ন) – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লবণ (রসায়ন)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_(kimiezh)" title="Hal (kimiezh) – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hal (kimiezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дабһан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дабһан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Sal (química) – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sal (química)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E_(%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="خوێ (کیمیا) – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خوێ (کیمیا)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soli" title="Soli – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Soli" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Тăварсем – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăварсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halwyn" title="Halwyn – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Halwyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(kemi)" title="Salt (kemi) – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Salt (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salze" title="Salze – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Salze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sole" title="Sole – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sole" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άλας – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry) – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Salt (chemistry)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salo_(kemio)" title="Salo (kemio) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Salo (kemio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Sal (química) – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sal (química)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soolad" title="Soolad – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Soolad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatz_(kimika)" title="Gatz (kimika) – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gatz (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%DA%A9_(%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="نمک (شیمی) – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نمک (شیمی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suola" title="Suola – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suola" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soolaq" title="Soolaq – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Soolaq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(chimie)" title="Sel (chimie) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sel (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saalten" title="Saalten – sjeverni frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Saalten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjeverni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Sal (química) – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sal (química)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juky_(k%C3%ADmika)" title="Juky (kímika) – gvarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Juky (kímika)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="מלח (כימיה) – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלח (כימיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3" title="लवण – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लवण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimak" title="Nimak – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Nimak" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soli" title="Soli – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Soli" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3" title="Só – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Só" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Աղեր – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աղեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(chimia)" title="Sal (chimia) – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sal (chimia)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam_(kimia)" title="Garam (kimia) – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Garam (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(efnafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Salt (efnafræði) – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Salt (efnafræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sale" title="Sale – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%A9_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="塩 (化学) – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="塩 (化学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saal_(kimischri)" title="Saal (kimischri) – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Saal (kimischri)" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/silna" title="silna – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="silna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მარილები – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარილები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Тұздар (химия) – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұздар (химия)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%BC" title="염 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="염" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B7_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Туз (химия) – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Туз (химия)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(chemia)" title="Sal (chemia) – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sal (chemia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saa" title="Saa – lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Saa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3ngwa" title="Móngwa – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Móngwa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druskos" title="Druskos – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Druskos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%81%C4%BCi" title="Sāļi – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sāļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sira" title="Sira – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sira" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Соли – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Соли" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="ലവണം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലവണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Санзалвлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Санзалвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam_(kimia)" title="Garam (kimia) – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Garam (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Салт – erzija" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Салт" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solt_(Chemie)" title="Solt (Chemie) – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Solt (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3" title="लवण – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लवण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3" title="लवण – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लवण" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zouten" title="Zouten – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zouten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt" title="Salt – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Salt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(kjemisk_forbindelse)" title="Salt (kjemisk forbindelse) – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Salt (kjemisk forbindelse)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(quimia)" title="Sal (quimia) – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sal (quimia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A3_(%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8)" title="ਲੂਣ (ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ) – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੂਣ (ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sole" title="Sole – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sole" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86" title="لون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άλας – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Άλας" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AB%D9%87_(%DA%A9%DB%90%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="مالګه (کېميا) – paštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مالګه (کېميا)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal" title="Sal – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachi" title="Kachi – kečua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kachi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sare_(chimie)" title="Sare (chimie) – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sare (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Соли – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Соли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%97" title="Солї – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Солї" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%BB_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="لوڻ (علم ڪيميا) – sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لوڻ (علم ڪيميا)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1lti_(kemiija)" title="Sálti (kemiija) – sjeverni sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sálti (kemiija)" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sjeverni sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="ලවණය – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලවණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt" title="Salt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Salt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%C4%BE_(ch%C3%A9mia)" title="Soľ (chémia) – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Soľ (chémia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol_(kemija)" title="Sol (kemija) – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sol (kemija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krip%C3%ABrat" title="Kripërat – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kripërat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE" title="Со – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Со" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyah_(kimia)" title="Uyah (kimia) – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Uyah (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salter" title="Salter – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Salter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chumvi_(kemia)" title="Chumvi (kemia) – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chumvi (kemia)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_(%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="உப்பு (வேதியியல்) – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உப்பு (வேதியியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)" title="เกลือ (เคมี) – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกลือ (เคมี)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asin_(kimika)" title="Asin (kimika) – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Asin (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuz_(kimya)" title="Tuz (kimya) – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tuz (kimya)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дустар – tuvinijski" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Дустар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96_(%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Солі (хімія) – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Солі (хімія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%DA%A9_(%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="نمک (کیمیاء) – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نمک (کیمیاء)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuzlar" title="Tuzlar – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tuzlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal" title="Sal – venecijanski" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sal" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venecijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%BB%91i_(h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Muối (hóa học) – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Muối (hóa học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9_(tchimeye)" title="Sé (tchimeye) – valun" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sé (tchimeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asin_(kimika)" title="Asin (kimika) – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Asin (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%90%EF%BC%88%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%89" title="盐（化学） – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="盐（化学）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A5_(%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2)" title="זאלץ (כעמיע) – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זאלץ (כעמיע)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%90_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="盐 (化学) – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="盐 (化学)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BD" title="鹽 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鹽" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A2m_(h%C3%B2a-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="Iâm (hòa-ha̍k) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iâm (hòa-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BD" title="鹽 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鹽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12370#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Salze_Natriumchloridgitter_Kugeln.svg/220px-Salze_Natriumchloridgitter_Kugeln.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Salze_Natriumchloridgitter_Kugeln.svg/330px-Salze_Natriumchloridgitter_Kugeln.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Salze_Natriumchloridgitter_Kugeln.svg/440px-Salze_Natriumchloridgitter_Kugeln.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>Kuglasta rešetka: struktura natrij-hlorida; ioni <a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij">natrija</a> prikazani su zeleno, a ioni <a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor">hlora</a> u plavoj boji</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sulphat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Sulphat.png/220px-Sulphat.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Sulphat.png/330px-Sulphat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Sulphat.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>Struktura aniona sulfata (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Pojmom <b>soli</b> označavaju se <a href="/wiki/Hemijski_spoj" title="Hemijski spoj">hemijski spojevi</a>, koji su građeni iz pozitivno (kation) i negativno naelektrisanih iona (anion).<sup id="cite_ref-goldbook_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goldbook-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Između tih iona stvaraju se <a href="/wiki/Ionska_veza" title="Ionska veza">ionske veze</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LdC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LdC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kod <i>neorganskih soli</i> kationi se najčešće grade od <a href="/wiki/Metal_(hemija)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal (hemija)">metala</a>, dok se anioni grade od nemetala ili njihovih oksida. Kao čvrsta supstanca, oni zajedno grade ionsku rešetku. Pojam <i>organskih soli</i> označava sve spojeve kod kojih je najmanje jedan anion ili kation neki organski spoj. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neorganske_soli">Neorganske soli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Neorganske soli"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Neorganske soli"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U najužem smislu, pod pojmom so misli se na <a href="/wiki/Natrij-hlorid" title="Natrij-hlorid">natrij-hlorid</a> (NaCl, odnosno <a href="/wiki/Kuhinjska_so" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuhinjska so">kuhinjska so</a>). U mnogo širem smislu, soli su svi oni spojevi, koji su poput NaCl načinjeni od aniona i kationa. Kao primjer takvih soli je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalcij-hlorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalcij-hlorid (stranica ne postoji)">kalcij-hlorid</a> (CaCl<sub>2</sub>). Natrij-hlorid sastavljen je iz kationa Na<sup>+</sup> i aniona Cl<sup>−</sup>. Slično tome, kalcij-hlorid se izgrađen iz iona Ca<sup>2+</sup> i Cl<sup>−</sup> Formule NaCl i CaCl<sub>2</sub> su sadržajne (sumarne) formule spojeva (omjer Na:Cl=1:1, odnosno Ca:Cl=1:2). Ioni mogu biti jednovalentni ili polivalentni, tj. nositi jedno ili više pozitivnih odnosno negativnih naelektrisanja. Sumarna formula neke soli određena je brojem naelektrisanja iona, jer se pozitivna i negativna naelektrisanja moraju međusobno kompenzirati (poništiti). Sumarne formule soli su u jasnoj suprotnosti s formulama spojeva poput <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O) ili <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metana</a> (CH<sub>4</sub>), koji su <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekularni</a> spojevi. </p><p>Kod neorganskih soli između iona djeluju ionske veze. Slijedeći omjer sumarne formule, veliki broj iona gradi ionsku rešetku određene <a href="/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura">kristalne strukture</a>. Prva slika desno prikazuje mali isječak građe kristalne rešetke natrij-hlorida. Pošto postoji veliki broj različitih kationa i aniona, poznato je i veoma veliki broj različitih soli. U donjoj tabeli prikazani su neki od iona. U solima, ioni se mogu sastojati i iz više od jednog atoma. Takvi ioni se nazivaju kompleksi ioni. Primjeri kompleksnih aniona su <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitratni</a> (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) i sulfatni anion (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>). Kod takvih kompleksa, jedan atom predstavlja centralni, na koji su spojevi drugi atomi (i atomske grupe), jednim imenom nazvani <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">ligandi</a>. U ovim primjerima, atomi <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">N</a> odnosno <a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor">S</a> su centralni atomi, dok su u oba slučaja ligandi atomi <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisika</a> (oksokompleksi). Centralni atomi i njihovi ligandi su povezani jedan s drugim <a href="/wiki/Kovalentna_veza" title="Kovalentna veza">kovalentnom vezom</a>. Ionske veze nalaze se samo između aniona i kationa. Među nitratima poznate soli su, naprimjer, <a href="/wiki/Natrij-nitrat" title="Natrij-nitrat">natrij-nitrat</a> (NaNO<sub>3</sub>), a među sulfatima <a href="/wiki/Natrij-sulfat" title="Natrij-sulfat">natrij-sulfat</a> (Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>). </p><p>Katione uglavnom grade metali a njihove soli nazivaju se <i>soli metala</i> ("metalne soli"). Od nemetala sastoji se kompleksni kation amonij (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) sa dušikom kao centralnim ionim i <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodikom</a> kao ligandom. Amonij ioni grade so poput <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amonij-sulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amonij-sulfat (stranica ne postoji)">amonij-sulfata</a> ((NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>). Pored amonijevih spojeva, postoje i njihovi analogi organski spojevi (kvartarni amonijevi spojevi). </p><p>Kod viševalentnih oksokompleksa mogu se javiti i OH-grupe kao ligandi, kao što je npr. kod soli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrij-hidrogensulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrij-hidrogensulfat (stranica ne postoji)">natrij-hidrogensulfata</a> (NaHSO<sub>4</sub>). Analoge soli su poznate i među fosfatima: pored <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrij-fosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrij-fosfat (stranica ne postoji)">natrij-fosfata</a> postoje i soli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinatrij-hidrogenfosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinatrij-hidrogenfosfat (stranica ne postoji)">dinatrij-hidrogenfosfat</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrij-dihidrogenfosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrij-dihidrogenfosfat (stranica ne postoji)">natrij-dihidrogenfosfat</a>. Iz uobičajenog formalnog načina pisanja (formulskih jedinica) za ove spojeve ne mogu se odmah prepoznati OH-grupe kao ligandi. Formulske jedinice takvih soli se izvode iz tradicionalnog načina pisanja za <a href="/wiki/Kiseline" title="Kiseline">kiseline</a> poput <a href="/wiki/Sumporna_kiselina" title="Sumporna kiselina">sumporne</a> (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) i <a href="/wiki/Fosforna_kiselina" title="Fosforna kiselina">fosfatne kiseline</a> (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hexacyanidoferrat(II).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hexacyanidoferrat%28II%29.svg/220px-Hexacyanidoferrat%28II%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hexacyanidoferrat%28II%29.svg/330px-Hexacyanidoferrat%28II%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hexacyanidoferrat%28II%29.svg/440px-Hexacyanidoferrat%28II%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="314" /></a><figcaption>Struktura heksacijanoferatnog(II) aniona</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Prelazni_metal" title="Prelazni metal">Prelazni metali</a> ne grade samo katione, nego i anione u vidu oksokompleksa. Tako naprimjer <a href="/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom">hrom</a> može graditi <a href="/wiki/Hromat" title="Hromat">hromate</a> ([CrO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>), koji je anion u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalij-hromat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalij-hromat (stranica ne postoji)">kalij-hromatu</a> K<sub>2</sub>[CrO<sub>4</sub>]), a <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a> <a href="/wiki/Permanganat" title="Permanganat">permanganate</a> ([MnO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup>), koji je anion u <a href="/wiki/Kalij-permanganat" title="Kalij-permanganat">kalij-permanganatu</a> (K[MnO<sub>4</sub>]). </p><p>Kompleksni anioni mogu imati i metale kao centralni atom. Kod kalijheksacijanoferata(II) (K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]), ion željeza Fe<sup>2+</sup> gradi stabilni anion sa četiri negativna naboja zajedno sa šest <a href="/wiki/Cijanid" title="Cijanid">cijanidnih</a> grupa (CN<sup>−</sup>). U solima, ionske veze se nalaze između kationa kalija i aniona heksacijanoferata(II). Slično tome, ion željeza Fe<sup>3+</sup> gradi kalijheksacijanoferat(III) (K<sub>3</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]), također jednu kompleksnu so. Kod K<sub>3</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>], ion željeza Fe<sup>3+</sup> gradi stabilni anion sa tri negativna naboja zajedno sa šest cijanidnih grupa (CN<sup>−</sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primjeri_kationa_i_aniona">Primjeri kationa i aniona</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Primjeri kationa i aniona"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Primjeri kationa i aniona"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="font-size:100%"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <table class="prettytable centered" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kation">Kationi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>jednovalentni</td> <td>dvovalentni</td> <td>trovalentni </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij">Kalij</a>, K<sup>+</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij">Kalcij</a>, Ca<sup>2+</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">Željezo(III)</a>, Fe<sup>3+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij">Natrij</a>, Na<sup>+</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij">Magnezij</a>, Mg<sup>2+</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij">Aluminij</a>, Al<sup>3+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amonij" title="Amonij">Amonij</a>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">Željezo(II)</a>, Fe<sup>2+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="prettytable centered" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">Anioni</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>jednovalentni</td> <td>dvovalentni</td> <td>oksidni kompleksi<br />(jedno- ili viševalentni)</td> <td>metalni kompleksi<br />(jedno- ili viševalentni) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorid (stranica ne postoji)">Fluorid</a>, F<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oksid" title="Oksid">Oksid</a>, O<sup>2−</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat">Karbonat</a>, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hromat" title="Hromat">Hromat</a>, CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hlorid" title="Hlorid">Hlorid</a>, Cl<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfid (stranica ne postoji)">Sulfid</a>, S<sup>2−</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sulfat" title="Sulfat">Sulfat</a>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Permanganat" title="Permanganat">Permanganat</a>, MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromid (stranica ne postoji)">Bromid</a>, Br<sup>−</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat">Fosfat</a>, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cijanid" title="Cijanid">Heksacijanoferat(II)</a>, [Fe<sup>II</sup>(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4−</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jodid (stranica ne postoji)">Jodid</a>, I<sup>−</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">Nitrat</a>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osobine_soli">Osobine soli</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Osobine soli"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Osobine soli"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Salze_Natriumchloridgitter_Loesen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Salze_Natriumchloridgitter_Loesen.svg/220px-Salze_Natriumchloridgitter_Loesen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Salze_Natriumchloridgitter_Loesen.svg/330px-Salze_Natriumchloridgitter_Loesen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Salze_Natriumchloridgitter_Loesen.svg/440px-Salze_Natriumchloridgitter_Loesen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Rastvor natrij-hlorida u vodi: desno su prikazani ioni okruženi (hidratizirani) molekulama vode</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Mnoge soli su na sobnoj temperaturi u čvrstom stanju sa relativno visokom <a href="/wiki/Tali%C5%A1te" title="Talište">tačkom topljenja</a>. Nagrizajuće soli su vrlo tvrde i krte te imaju glatke ivice pri lomu tokom mehaničke obrade. Ove osobine su uglavnom tipične za čvrste supstance, koje su izgrađene u vidu ionske rešetke te stoga grade <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristale</a>. Međutim, svaka kristalna supstance nije ujedno i so. Tako naprimjer <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0e%C4%87er" title="Šećer">šećer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saharoza" title="Saharoza">saharoza</a>) također gradi kristale, ali nema ionsku rešetku i ne ubraja se u soli.</li> <li>Brojne soli su <a href="/wiki/Rastvorljivost" title="Rastvorljivost">rastvorljive</a> u vodi a nisu rastvorljive u većini organskih <a href="/wiki/Otapalo" title="Otapalo">otapala</a>. Kod soli rastvorljivih u vodi, <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a> prevazilazi energiju ionske rešetke pomoću hidratacije. Ako je energija hidratacije približno velika ili veća od energije rešetke, so je relativno dobro ili vrlo dobro rastvorljiva. U rastvorima su pojedinačni ioni vrlo čvrsto i intenzivno okruženi molekulama vode. U vidu reakcije, ovo se u hemiji predstavlja na sljedeći način:<br /> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {NaCl_{(s)}\ \longrightarrow \ Na_{(aq)}^{+}\ +\ Cl_{(aq)}^{-}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {NaCl_{(s)}\ \longrightarrow \ Na_{(aq)}^{+}\ +\ Cl_{(aq)}^{-}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/06af3e6cafc15e49f69bfc3b500dd54cbb921e43" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.505ex; width:29.305ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {NaCl_{(s)}\ \longrightarrow \ Na_{(aq)}^{+}\ +\ Cl_{(aq)}^{-}} }"></span><br />Slovo (s) označava čvrstu supstancu dok (aq) označava, da se ion nalazi u hidratiziranom stanju.</li> <li>Suhi kristali soli su električni <a href="/wiki/Izolator" title="Izolator">izolatori</a>. Istopljene soli i vodene otopine provode električnu struju zbog svojih slobodno pokretnih iona kao nosilaca električnog naboja. Stoga su oni <a href="/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit">elektroliti</a>.</li> <li>Rastvaranje soli u vodi može promijeniti <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH vrijednost</a> tog rastvora. Ako se rastvaranjem određene soli ne promijeni ta vrijednost, onda se kaže da je ta so <i>neutralna</i>. Među neutralne soli se ubraja i natrij-hlorid. Osim ovih, postoje i <a href="/wiki/Baza_(hemija)" title="Baza (hemija)">bazične</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kiseline" title="Kiseline">kisele</a> soli. Iz sastava soli vrlo teško se može procijeniti kako će određena so reagirati. Međutim, vrijedi opće pravilo: anioni (kiselinski ostaci) jakih kiselina uglavnom reagiraju neutralno. Kiselinski ostaci slabih kiselina uglavnom reagiraju bazično. Primjer osobina soli, nastalih od višeprotonskih kiselina, jeste ponašanje fosfata. Rastvaranje soli u vodenim otopinama organskih molekula, kao npr. biomolekula, može dovesti do denaturiziranja tih biomolekula ali i djelovati na taloženje makromolekula. Ovakvo djelovanje soli karakterizirano je takozvanom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hofmeisterova_serija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hofmeisterova serija (stranica ne postoji)">Hofmeisterovom serijom</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drugi_kationi_i_anioni">Drugi kationi i anioni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Drugi kationi i anioni"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Drugi kationi i anioni"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Metalni oksidi u velikom postotku čine Zemljinu koru, ali se oni mogu posmatrati i kao soli. Anion O<sup>2−</sup> (oksidni ion) se javlja kao takav samo u čvrstom ili istopljenom stanju, dok u vodenim rastvorima on nije poznat. <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">Kisik</a> u oksidnom ionu ima <a href="/wiki/Oksidacijsko_stanje" title="Oksidacijsko stanje">oksidacijski broj</a> −2. Stoga, oksidacijski broj metala određuje sumarnu formulu određene soli odnosno spoja: M<sup>I</sup><sub>2</sub>O, M<sup>II</sup>O, M<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Ako je oksid rastvorljiv u vodi, dešava se specifična hemijska reakcija, naprimjer:<br /> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Na_{2}O_{(s)}+H_{2}O\longrightarrow 2\ Na_{(aq)}^{+}+2\ OH_{(aq)}^{-}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Na_{2}O_{(s)}+H_{2}O\longrightarrow 2\ Na_{(aq)}^{+}+2\ OH_{(aq)}^{-}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e7f9448883fd8f98686a6f442f7d2d8cd86f50d9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.505ex; width:39.679ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Na_{2}O_{(s)}+H_{2}O\longrightarrow 2\ Na_{(aq)}^{+}+2\ OH_{(aq)}^{-}} }"></span><br /> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrij-oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrij-oksid (stranica ne postoji)">Natrij-oksid</a> reagira s vodom dajući hidroksidne ione i sodu (ione natrija).</small></li></ul> <p>Slično reagira i kalcij-oksid (CaO), poznat i kao <i>živi kreč</i>, dajući <i>ugašeni kreč</i> odnosno <a href="/wiki/Kalcij-hidroksid" title="Kalcij-hidroksid">kalcij-hidroksid</a> (Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>). Međutim, postoji veliki broj oksida koji ne reagiraju s vodom. Naprimjer, spoj željezo(III)-oksid (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nije rastvorljiv u vodi. </p> <ul><li>Sulfidi: minerali se u prirodi često mogu naći u obliku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfid (stranica ne postoji)">sulfida</a> (S<sup>2−</sup>), naprimjer <a href="/wiki/Pirit_(mineral)" title="Pirit (mineral)">pirit</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Halkozin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halkozin (stranica ne postoji)">halkozin</a>. I sulfidi se mogu smatrati solima. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrij-sulfid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrij-sulfid (stranica ne postoji)">Natrij-sulfid</a> (Na<sub>2</sub>S) je rastvorljiva so, koja je u vodi gotovo nerastvorljiva, slično kao i većina sulfida poput <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cink-sulfid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cink-sulfid (stranica ne postoji)">cink-sulfida</a> (ZnS) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakar(II)_sulfid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakar(II) sulfid (stranica ne postoji)">bakar(II) sulfida</a> (CuS). U <a href="/wiki/Analiti%C4%8Dka_hemija" title="Analitička hemija">analitičkoj hemiji</a> se različita (slaba) rastvorljivost raznih metalnih sulfida koristi za razdvajanje sličnih hemijskih elemenata (u fazi razdvajanja sumporovodične funkcionalne grupe)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kristalna_voda">Kristalna voda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Kristalna voda"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kristalna voda"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mnoge soli, pored iona, sadržavaju i određene količine molekula <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a>, takozvanu <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristalna_voda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristalna voda (stranica ne postoji)">kristalnu vodu</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-webst_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webst-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ona se obično navodi u sumarnoj formuli, kao naprimjer u <a href="/wiki/Natrij-sulfat" title="Natrij-sulfat">natrij-sulfat</a> dekahidratu: Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> · 10 H<sub>2</sub>O. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dvostruke_soli">Dvostruke soli</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Dvostruke soli"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Dvostruke soli"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pored soli sa samo jednom vrstom kationa (M) poznate su i soli sa dva različita kationa. Takve soli nazivaju se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvostruke_soli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvostruke soli (stranica ne postoji)">dvostruke soli</a>, kao što su alauni sa općenitom sumarnom formulom M<sup>I</sup>M<sup>III</sup>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. Primjer takve soli je aluminijkalijsulfat-dodekahidrat (KAl(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> · 12 H<sub>2</sub>O). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obuhvat_pojma_soli">Obuhvat pojma <i>soli</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Obuhvat pojma soli"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Obuhvat pojma soli"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Supstance su soli, samo ako su hemijske veze između njihovih dijelova ionske. Da je zaista u nekom spoju prisutna ova vrsta veze, nije lahko zaključiti. Dok je kod kalcij-oksida (CaO) prisutna ionska veza, dok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hrom(IV)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hrom(IV) oksida (stranica ne postoji)">hrom(IV) oksida</a> (CrO<sub>3</sub>) radi se o <a href="/wiki/Kovalentna_veza" title="Kovalentna veza">kovalentnoj vezi</a> između atoma <a href="/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom">hroma</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisika</a>, pa ovaj spoj nije so. U ovakvim slučajevima je zbog toga bolje govoriti o <i>metalnim oksidima</i> umjesto solima.</li> <li>Historijski, soli su po pravilu obuhvatali <a href="/wiki/Hemijski_spoj" title="Hemijski spoj">hemijske spojeve</a>, koji imaju definirani sastav od različitih hemijskih elemenata. Međutim, poznati su i miješani kristali sastavljeni iz dvije soli, a koji nisu stehiometrijski građeni: tako naprimjer <a href="/wiki/Kalij-permanganat" title="Kalij-permanganat">kalij-permanganat</a> (K[MnO<sub>4</sub>]) sa <a href="/wiki/Barij-sulfat" title="Barij-sulfat">barij-sulfatom</a> sačinjava miješane kristale u gotovo proizvoljnim odnosima smjese (čak i kada se stavi i određena najveća količina barij-sulfata), tako da komponente u miješanim kristalima i dalje zadržavaju slične kristalne strukture i udaljenosti unutar mreže. Za dobijanje miješanih kristala nije neophodna hemijska sličnost uključenih spojeva niti njihova identična <a href="/wiki/Valencija_(hemija)" title="Valencija (hemija)">valencija</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organske_soli">Organske soli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak "Organske soli"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Organske soli"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osim gore opisanih neorganskih soli, također postoje i brojne soli <a href="/wiki/Organska_hemija" title="Organska hemija">organskih spojeva</a>. Anioni ovih soli nastali su od <a href="/wiki/Organska_kiselina" title="Organska kiselina">organskih kiselina</a>. Među ostalim, jedne od važnijih su soli karboksilnih kiselina, kao što je <a href="/wiki/Sir%C4%87etna_kiselina" title="Sirćetna kiselina">acetatna kiselina</a> od koje nastaju brojne soli, poznati kao <i>acetati</i> (CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>−</sup>). Tako naprimjer acetatna kiselina sa Na<sup>+</sup> daje so <a href="/wiki/Natrij-acetat" title="Natrij-acetat">natrij-acetat</a> dok sa Cu<sup>2+</sup> gradi bakar-acetat. Sirćetna kiselina je monougljična kiselina (ima samo jednu -COOH grupu) pa daje samo jednovalentne anione. Limunska kiselina (citratna kiselina) je trougljična kiselina (ima tri -COOH grupe) i može davati trovalentne anione; njene soli nazivaju se citrati. Među poznatijim solima citratima su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrij-citrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrij-citrat (stranica ne postoji)">natrij-citrat</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalcij-citrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalcij-citrat (stranica ne postoji)">kalcij-citrat</a>. Mnogi acetati i citrati grade kristale, ali to nije pravi razlog za njihovo uvrštavanje u soli. Jedini pravi razlog i osnova leži u postojanju ionskih veza između aniona i kationa. Unutar iona organskih spojeva nalaze se <a href="/wiki/Kovalentna_veza" title="Kovalentna veza">kovalentne veze</a>. </p><p>Praktični značaj imaju soli <a href="/wiki/Karboksilna_kiselina" title="Karboksilna kiselina">karboksilnih kiselina</a>, koje se ubrajaju u <a href="/wiki/Masne_kiseline" title="Masne kiseline">masne kiseline</a>. Natrijeve i kalijeve soli masnih kiselina nazivaju se <a href="/wiki/Sapun" title="Sapun">sapuni</a>. U komercijalnim sapunima nalazi se mješavina različitih soli masnih kiselina. Praktičan značaj imaju pri proizvodnji raznih tvrdih (natrijevih) i mehkih (kalijevih) sapuna. Konkretni primjer čine soli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmitinska_kiselina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmitinska kiselina (stranica ne postoji)">palmitinske kiseline</a> koji se nazivaju <i>palmitati</i>. Soli, koji se zasnivaju na tako velikim organskim molekulama, po pravilu nisu kristalizirane. </p><p>Analogno neorganskim sulfatima (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>) postoje i organski sulfati (R-O-SO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), poput <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrij-laurilsulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrij-laurilsulfat (stranica ne postoji)">natrij-laurilsulfata</a>, koji su svoju upotrebnu vrijednost pronašli kao tenzidi u komercijalnim šamponima i gelovima za tuširanje. Poznati su čak i soli <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkohola</a> koji se nazivaju alkoholati.<sup id="cite_ref-chemie_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemie-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alkoholi su izrazito slabe kiseline, ali se gotovo nikad ne nazivaju tako. Pod agresivnim uslovima reakcije mogu se dobiti spojevi oblika R-O<sup>−</sup>M<sup>+</sup> (gdje je <i>M</i> = metal). Po analogiji sa brojnim neorganskim oksidima (MO) alkoholati reagiraju pri kontaktu s vodom (<a href="/wiki/Hidroliza" title="Hidroliza">hidroliza</a>) dajući odgovarajuće alkohole. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" align="center">Hidroliza oksidnih soli </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrij-metanolat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrij-metanolat (stranica ne postoji)">Natrij-metanolat</a> </td> <td align="center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{2}H_{5}ONa+H_{2}O\longrightarrow \ C_{2}H_{5}OH+Na^{+}+OH^{-}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{2}H_{5}ONa+H_{2}O\longrightarrow \ C_{2}H_{5}OH+Na^{+}+OH^{-}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8a0595de843e928b446255db4da453f5b1cf5a5d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:47.606ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{2}H_{5}ONa+H_{2}O\longrightarrow \ C_{2}H_{5}OH+Na^{+}+OH^{-}} }"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrij-oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrij-oksid (stranica ne postoji)">Natrij-oksid</a> </td> <td align="center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Na_{2}O+H_{2}O\longrightarrow \ 2\ Na^{+}+2\ OH^{-}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Na_{2}O+H_{2}O\longrightarrow \ 2\ Na^{+}+2\ OH^{-}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/42e3d0a3641334e557850ce4571cf26fad99cce1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:34.695ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Na_{2}O+H_{2}O\longrightarrow \ 2\ Na^{+}+2\ OH^{-}} }"></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Među organskim kationima, spojevi analogni amonij-kationima (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) imaju veliki značaj. Općenito se nazivaju kvartarni amonijski spojevi. Kod ovih spojeva, atom <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">dušika</a> obično nosi četiri alkil grupe (R-) i pozitivno naelektrisanje. Alkilamonijski spoj cetiltrimetilamonijbromid, naprimjer, je organski spoj amonija, kod kojeg se atom <a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">broma</a> nalazi kao anion. Praktični značaj imaju spojevi amonija sa tri kratke i jednom dugom alkil grupom, jer takvi kationi u vodenim rastvorima pokazuju osobine <a href="/wiki/Surfaktant" title="Surfaktant">tenzida</a>. Spojevi ove vrste također igraju veoma važnu ulogu u <a href="/wiki/Metabolizam" title="Metabolizam">metabolizmu</a> živih bića, kao što je npr. <a href="/wiki/Holin" title="Holin">holin</a>. </p><p>U principu, gotovo svaki organski <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amin (stranica ne postoji)">amin</a> putem primanja jednog <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protona</a> (H<sup>+</sup>) može preći u kation. Slično kao i reakcija sa <a href="/wiki/Amonijak" title="Amonijak">amonijakom</a> (NH<sub>3</sub>) koji prelazi u amonij ion (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), reagira naprimjer i primarni amin (R-NH<sub>2</sub>; gdje je <i>R</i> = organski ostatak) prelazeći u kation R-NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>. Pošto su takvi spojevi uglavnom <a href="/wiki/Polarnost" title="Polarnost">polarni</a> i zbog toga lahko rastvorljivi u vodi, oni su i početne supstance koje prevode neke <a href="/wiki/Lijek" title="Lijek">lijekove</a> na bazi dušika putem njihovog razlaganja sa <a href="/wiki/Hlorovodi%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Hlorovodična kiselina">hlorovodičnom kiselinom</a> u soli, takozvane hidrohloride. Ovaj postupak olakšava njihovu apsorpciju u organizmu. Nasuprot amina, hidrohloridi se mogu mnogo lakše čistiti pomoći <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prekristalizacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prekristalizacija (stranica ne postoji)">prekristalizacije</a>. Sa bromovodikom amini grade hidrobromide a sa <a href="/wiki/Fluorovodik" title="Fluorovodik">fluorovodikom</a> hidrofluoride. Osim molekula, koji mogu nositi neko pozitivno <i>ili</i> negativno naelektrisanje, postoje također i molekule, koje posjeduju negativno <i>i</i> pozitivno naelektrisanje. One se nazivaju <i>unutrašnje soli</i> ili <i>cviterioni</i>. Grupa spojeva betaina se ubraja u takve soli, među kojima je najjednostavniji spoj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Betain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betain (stranica ne postoji)">betain</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aminokiselina" title="Aminokiselina">Aminokiseline</a> posjeduju jednu karboksilnu (-COOH) i jedno amino grupu (-NH<sub>2</sub>) pa zbog toga mogu reagirati i kiselo i bazno. Pri unutrašnjoj neutralizaciji stvaraju se anionske (-COO<sup>−</sup>) i kationske (-NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>) odnosno jedan cviterion. Jedna od najjednostavnijih aminokiselina je <a href="/wiki/Glicin" title="Glicin">glicin</a>, koji je vrlo dobro rastvorljiv u vodi. Nasuprot drugih iona koji su dobro rastvorljivi u vodi, cviterioni pokazuju vrlo slabu (gotovo nikakvu) <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_provodljivost" title="Električna provodljivost">električnu provodljivost</a> (amfoliti). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primjeri_organskih_kationa_i_aniona">Primjeri organskih kationa i aniona</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak "Primjeri organskih kationa i aniona"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Primjeri organskih kationa i aniona"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Anioni organskih spojeva </th></tr> <tr> <th>grupa spojeva</th> <th>primjer</th> <th>struktura </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Ugljične kiseline </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acetat" title="Acetat">acetati</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Acetat-Ion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Acetat-Ion.svg/75px-Acetat-Ion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Acetat-Ion.svg/113px-Acetat-Ion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Acetat-Ion.svg/150px-Acetat-Ion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="82" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmitinska_kiselina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmitinska kiselina (stranica ne postoji)">palmitati</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Palmitat-Ion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Palmitat-Ion.svg/370px-Palmitat-Ion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Palmitat-Ion.svg/555px-Palmitat-Ion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Palmitat-Ion.svg/740px-Palmitat-Ion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="92" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Citrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrat">citrati</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Citrat-Ion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Citrat-Ion.svg/150px-Citrat-Ion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Citrat-Ion.svg/225px-Citrat-Ion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Citrat-Ion.svg/300px-Citrat-Ion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="126" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td>organski <a href="/wiki/Sulfat" title="Sulfat">sulfati</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrij-laurilsulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrij-laurilsulfat (stranica ne postoji)">laurilsulfati</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Laurylsulfat-Ion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Laurylsulfat-Ion.svg/340px-Laurylsulfat-Ion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Laurylsulfat-Ion.svg/510px-Laurylsulfat-Ion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Laurylsulfat-Ion.svg/680px-Laurylsulfat-Ion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="107" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkoholat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alkoholat (stranica ne postoji)">alkoholati</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanolat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etanolat (stranica ne postoji)">etanolat</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ethanolat-Ion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ethanolat-Ion.svg/75px-Ethanolat-Ion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ethanolat-Ion.svg/113px-Ethanolat-Ion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ethanolat-Ion.svg/150px-Ethanolat-Ion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="35" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Kationi organskih spojeva </th></tr> <tr> <th>grupa spojeva</th> <th>primjer</th> <th>struktura </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvartarni_amonijski_spojevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvartarni amonijski spojevi (stranica ne postoji)">kvartarni<br /> amonijski<br /> spojevi</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetiltrimetilamonijbromid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cetiltrimetilamonijbromid (stranica ne postoji)">Cetiltrimetilamonij</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Cetyltrimethylammonium-Ion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Cetyltrimethylammonium-Ion.svg/400px-Cetyltrimethylammonium-Ion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Cetyltrimethylammonium-Ion.svg/600px-Cetyltrimethylammonium-Ion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Cetyltrimethylammonium-Ion.svg/800px-Cetyltrimethylammonium-Ion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="662" data-file-height="101" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Holin" title="Holin">holin</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Cholin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cholin.svg/125px-Cholin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cholin.svg/188px-Cholin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cholin.svg/250px-Cholin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="197" data-file-height="91" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amin_(hemija)" title="Amin (hemija)">organski<br />amonijski<br />spojevi</a> </td> <td>soli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anilin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anilin (stranica ne postoji)">anilina</a>,<br /> <small>npr. anilin-hidrohlorid</small> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Anilin-Ion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Anilin-Ion.svg/52px-Anilin-Ion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Anilin-Ion.svg/78px-Anilin-Ion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Anilin-Ion.svg/104px-Anilin-Ion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="86" data-file-height="140" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Unutrašnje soli: kationi i anioni u jednoj molekuli </th></tr> <tr> <th>grupa spojeva</th> <th>primjer</th> <th>struktura </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betaini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betaini (stranica ne postoji)">betaini</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betain (stranica ne postoji)">betain</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Betain2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Betain2.svg/120px-Betain2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Betain2.svg/180px-Betain2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Betain2.svg/240px-Betain2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="186" data-file-height="96" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aminokiselina" title="Aminokiselina">aminokiseline</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alanin" title="Alanin">alanin</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Alanin-Zwitterion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Alanin-Zwitterion.svg/100px-Alanin-Zwitterion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Alanin-Zwitterion.svg/150px-Alanin-Zwitterion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Alanin-Zwitterion.svg/200px-Alanin-Zwitterion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="131" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dobijanje_neorganskih_soli">Dobijanje neorganskih soli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak "Dobijanje neorganskih soli"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Dobijanje neorganskih soli"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reakcije_kiselina_i_baza">Reakcije kiselina i baza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak "Reakcije kiselina i baza"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Reakcije kiselina i baza"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soli nastaju pri reakciji kiselina sa <a href="/wiki/Baza_(hemija)" title="Baza (hemija)">bazama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik">grč.</a> <i>basis</i>; prema <a href="/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius">Arrheniusu</a>: baze su osnovice ("baze") za soli). Pri tome se stvaraju oksonij-ioni kiselina koji sa ionima hidroksida iz baza daju <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vodu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neutralizacija_(hemija)" title="Neutralizacija (hemija)">neutraliziraju se</a>). Neke soli su vrlo teško rastvorljive u vodi te odmah pri nastanku stvaraju čvrsti talog. Obično se soli nalaze otopljene u rastvoru te se kristaliziraju (prelaze u čvrsto stanje) isparavanjem vode. </p> <table class="prettytable centered" style="text-align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>kiselina + baza → so + voda </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {\ HCl_{(aq)}+NaOH_{(aq)}\longrightarrow \ NaCl_{(aq)}+H_{2}O_{(l)}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {\ HCl_{(aq)}+NaOH_{(aq)}\longrightarrow \ NaCl_{(aq)}+H_{2}O_{(l)}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b384fc8b201e5faf1e574a9e462f86bdd7f9860" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:43.907ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {\ HCl_{(aq)}+NaOH_{(aq)}\longrightarrow \ NaCl_{(aq)}+H_{2}O_{(l)}} }"></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hlorovodoni%C4%8Dna_kiselina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hlorovodonična kiselina">hlorovodična kiselina</a> + <a href="/wiki/Natrij-hidroksid" title="Natrij-hidroksid">soda</a> → <a href="/wiki/Natrij-hlorid" title="Natrij-hlorid">natrij-hlorid</a> + voda </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {\ H_{2}SO_{4(aq)}+Ba(OH)_{2(aq)}\longrightarrow \ BaSO_{4(s)}+2\ H_{2}O_{(l)}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {\ H_{2}SO_{4(aq)}+Ba(OH)_{2(aq)}\longrightarrow \ BaSO_{4(s)}+2\ H_{2}O_{(l)}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8cd878508f9d07435173007c911e5e49f99df35c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:51.282ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {\ H_{2}SO_{4(aq)}+Ba(OH)_{2(aq)}\longrightarrow \ BaSO_{4(s)}+2\ H_{2}O_{(l)}} }"></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Sumporna_kiselina" title="Sumporna kiselina">sumporna kiselina</a> + <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barij-hidroksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barij-hidroksid (stranica ne postoji)">barij-hidroksid</a> → <a href="/wiki/Barij-sulfat" title="Barij-sulfat">barij-sulfat</a> + voda </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iz_drugih_soli">Iz drugih soli</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak "Iz drugih soli"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Iz drugih soli"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neke soli se mogu dobiti iz druge dvije soli. Ako se pomiješaju vodeni rastvori dviju soli, iz rastvora se može izdvojiti treća so u čvrstom obliku. Ovo vrijedi samo ako je treća so, nasuprot druge dvije, mnogo teže rastvorljiva. </p> <table class="prettytable centered" style="text-align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>rastvor soli A + rastvor soli B → so C + rastvor soli D </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {\ NaCl_{(aq)}+AgNO_{3(aq)}\longrightarrow AgCl_{(s)}+NaNO_{3(aq)}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {\ NaCl_{(aq)}+AgNO_{3(aq)}\longrightarrow AgCl_{(s)}+NaNO_{3(aq)}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f76276abf29de55e71d40cdcd843200e3470725" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:48.175ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {\ NaCl_{(aq)}+AgNO_{3(aq)}\longrightarrow AgCl_{(s)}+NaNO_{3(aq)}} }"></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Natrij-hlorid" title="Natrij-hlorid">natrij-hlorid</a> + <a href="/wiki/Srebro-nitrat" title="Srebro-nitrat">srebro-nitrat</a> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=Srebro-hlorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Srebro-hlorid (stranica ne postoji)">srebro-hlorid</a> + <a href="/wiki/Natrij-nitrat" title="Natrij-nitrat">natrij-nitrat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CaCl_{2(aq)}+Na_{2}CO_{3(aq)}\longrightarrow \ CaCO_{3(s)}+2\ NaCl_{(aq)}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {CaCl_{2(aq)}+Na_{2}CO_{3(aq)}\longrightarrow \ CaCO_{3(s)}+2\ NaCl_{(aq)}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/836d6fd406226cd3d6f3c98ab8ee8901bf42676e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:51.534ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CaCl_{2(aq)}+Na_{2}CO_{3(aq)}\longrightarrow \ CaCO_{3(s)}+2\ NaCl_{(aq)}} }"></span><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalcij-hlorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalcij-hlorid (stranica ne postoji)">kalcij-hlorid</a> + <a href="/wiki/Natrij-karbonat" title="Natrij-karbonat">natrij-karbonat</a> → <a href="/wiki/Kalcij-karbonat" title="Kalcij-karbonat">kalcij-karbonat</a> + <a href="/wiki/Natrij-hlorid" title="Natrij-hlorid">natrij-hlorid</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reakcije_oksida">Reakcije oksida</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak "Reakcije oksida"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Reakcije oksida"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kako je gore opisano, mnogi oksidi metala imaju afinitet da sa vodom grade hidrokside. U kiselim uslovima, također reagiraju i mnogi oksidi metala, a koji su u čistoj vodi <i>nerastvorljivi</i> (stabilni). Na ovaj način mogu se dobiti mnoge soli, kao što je naprimjer bakar-sulfat. </p> <table class="prettytable centered" style="text-align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>oksid metala + kiselina → so + voda </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CuO_{(s)}+H_{2}SO_{4(aq)}\longrightarrow \ CuSO_{4(aq)}+H_{2}O} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {CuO_{(s)}+H_{2}SO_{4(aq)}\longrightarrow \ CuSO_{4(aq)}+H_{2}O} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b5b12b1df722c60c03959f8abec383e7b25ef999" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:42.94ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CuO_{(s)}+H_{2}SO_{4(aq)}\longrightarrow \ CuSO_{4(aq)}+H_{2}O} }"></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakar(II)-oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakar(II)-oksid (stranica ne postoji)">bakar(II)-oksid</a> + <a href="/wiki/Sumporna_kiselina" title="Sumporna kiselina">sumporna kiselina</a> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakar-sulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakar-sulfat (stranica ne postoji)">bakar-sulfat</a> + voda </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Druge_reakcije">Druge reakcije</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak "Druge reakcije"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Druge reakcije"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oni ioni koji ne nastaju u gore opisanim reakcijama, postoje već i prije nastanka nekih novih soli. Ako se pri reakcijama dobijanja neke novi soli ne nalaze nikako ioni sa potrebnom valencijom ili se ne nalaze svi potrebni, onda se odvijaju <a href="/wiki/Redoks_reakcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Redoks reakcija">redoks reakcije</a>. Tako se naprimjer iz elementarnih metala i <a href="/wiki/Nemetal" title="Nemetal">nemetale</a> dobijaju soli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3627399">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3486241">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons logo"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" class="extiw" title="commons:Početna strana">Commons</a> ima datoteke na temu: <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Salt?uselang=bs">Soli (hemijski spojevi) </a></span></b></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-goldbook-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-goldbook_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the “Gold Book”). <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook.S05447">10.1351/goldbook.S05447</a> verzija: 2.2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LdC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LdC_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans-Dieter Jakubke, Ruth Karcher (izd.): <i>Lexikon der Chemie.</i>, 1. izd.; Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2001.; <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-3827405524" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-3827405524">978-3827405524</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webst-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-webst_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-28343538.html">water of crystallization,</a> Webster's NewWorld Dictionary. John Wiley & Sons Inc. 1988. Pristupljeno 28. april 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chemie-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chemie_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemie.de/lexikon/Alkoholate.html">Alkoholate</a>, na stranici chemie.de, pristupljeno 29. aprila 2015. <span class="languageicon" style="cursor:help; color:#606060; font-size:0.7em; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:middle;" title="njemački jezik">(de)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odlomak "Literatura"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Literatura"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mark Kurlansky (2002). <i>Salt: A World History</i>. Walker Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/0-14-200161-9" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/0-14-200161-9">0-14-200161-9</a>.</li> <li>Giričev G. V. (1999). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pereplet.ru/nauka/Soros/pdf/9911_040.pdf">Структура молекул солей кислородсодержащих кислот</a></i>, Sorovskij obrazovateljnij žurnal, br. 11, str. 40-44.</li> <li>Ivan Ljudvigovič Knunjanc; Nikolaj Serafimovič Zefirov (1995). <i>Химическая энциклопедия</i> (4. tom), <i>Pol</i> - <i>Tri</i>, "Sovetskaja Ėnciklopedija" <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/5-85270-092-4" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/5-85270-092-4">5-85270-092-4</a></li> <li>P. Wasserscheid, W. Keim (2000). <i>Ionic Liquids—New “Solutions” for Transition Metal Catalysis</i>, Angewandte Chemie, volume 39, izd. 21, str. 3772–3789 <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F1521-3773%2820001103%2939%3A21%3C3772%3A%3AAID-ANIE3772%3E3.0.CO%3B2-5">10.1002/1521-3773(20001103)39:21<3772::AID-ANIE3772>3.0.CO;2-5</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11091453?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11091453</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11091453">PubMed</a>)</li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Preuzeto iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&oldid=3146656">https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)&oldid=3146656</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Soli" title="Kategorija:Soli">Soli</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Sakrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Pages_using_PMID_magic_links" title="Kategorija:Pages using PMID magic links">Pages using PMID magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena na datum 1 februar 2020 u 21:03.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">slobodnom licencom Autorstvo-Dijeliti pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uvjeti. 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