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href="#Historical_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historical use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Superstitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superstitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Superstitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superstitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Onyx</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B9_(%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85)" title="جزع (حجر كريم) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزع (حجر كريم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93niz" title="Óniz – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Óniz" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oniks" title="Oniks – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oniks" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Онікс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Онікс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Онікс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Онікс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Оникс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Оникс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92nix" title="Ònix – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ònix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Onyx" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Onyx" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyx_(Mineral)" title="Onyx (Mineral) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Onyx (Mineral)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oon%C3%BCks" title="Oonüks – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oonüks" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CE%BD%CF%85%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Όνυχας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όνυχας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93nix" title="Ónix – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ónix" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onikso" title="Onikso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Onikso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onize" title="Onize – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Onize" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سنگ باباغوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنگ باباغوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyx_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Onyx (minéral) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Onyx (minéral)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oinisc" title="Oinisc – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oinisc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93nix" title="Ónix – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ónix" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%A7%88%EB%85%B8" title="호마노 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호마노" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%BD_(%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AC)" title="Օնիքս (միներալ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օնիքս (միներալ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onixo" title="Onixo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Onixo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_unam" title="Batu unam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Batu unam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93nyx" title="Ónyx – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ónyx" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onice" title="Onice – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Onice" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9D_(%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%97%D7%9F)" title="שוהם (אבן חן) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שוהם (אבן חן)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Оникс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оникс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Оникс – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Оникс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onikss" title="Onikss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Onikss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oniksas" title="Oniksas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oniksas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93nix" title="Ónix – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ónix" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Оникс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оникс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഓണിക്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓണിക്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3" title="اونيكس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اونيكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyx_(mineraal)" title="Onyx (mineraal) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Onyx (mineraal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9" title="オニキス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オニキス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Onyx" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyks" title="Onyks – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Onyks" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oniks_(mineral)" title="Oniks (mineral) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oniks (mineral)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyks" title="Onyks – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Onyks" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93nix" title="Ónix – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ónix" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onix" title="Onix – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Onix" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Оникс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оникс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Onyx" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oniks" title="Oniks – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Oniks" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Onyx" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="سنگ بابا گوري – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سنگ بابا گوري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oniks" title="Oniks – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oniks" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Оникс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оникс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyksi" title="Onyksi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Onyksi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Onyx" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onise" title="Onise – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Onise" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="โอนิกซ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โอนิกซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oniks" title="Oniks – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oniks" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Онікс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Онікс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89%D9%83%D8%B3" title="ساردونىكس – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ساردونىكس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the mineral. For the New York hip hop group, see <a href="/wiki/Onyx_(hip_hop_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Onyx (hip hop group)">Onyx (hip hop group)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Onyx_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Onyx (disambiguation)">Onyx (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Onyx</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agate-Quartz-49959.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black onyx with concentric white bands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Agate-Quartz-49959.jpg/250px-Agate-Quartz-49959.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Agate-Quartz-49959.jpg/375px-Agate-Quartz-49959.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Agate-Quartz-49959.jpg/500px-Agate-Quartz-49959.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="564" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Onyx with concentric banding</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">General</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a> variety, <a href="/wiki/Chalcedony" title="Chalcedony">Chalcedony</a> variety, <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> group, <a href="/wiki/Tectosilicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectosilicate">tectosilicate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(repeating unit)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">SiO<sub>2</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silicon dioxide</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_system" title="Crystal system">Crystal system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hexagonal_crystal_family" title="Hexagonal crystal family">Trigonal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>), <a href="/wiki/Monoclinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclinic">Monoclinic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moganite" title="Moganite">moganite</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Identification</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Formula_mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula mass">Formula mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data">60.08 g/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td class="infobox-data">Black and white; red to brown with black or white (sardonyx)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">Cleavage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fracture_(mineralogy)" title="Fracture (mineralogy)">Fracture</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Uneven, <a href="/wiki/Conchoidal_fracture" title="Conchoidal fracture">conchoidal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs scale</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">hardness</span></th><td class="infobox-data">6.5–7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(mineralogy)" title="Lustre (mineralogy)">Luster</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Vitreous, silky</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Streak_(mineralogy)" title="Streak (mineralogy)">Streak</a></th><td class="infobox-data">White</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency" title="Transparency and translucency">Diaphaneity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Translucent</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">Specific gravity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.55–2.70</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Optical properties</th><td class="infobox-data">Uniaxial/+</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.530–1.543</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">References</th><td class="infobox-data"><sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Onyx</b> is a typically black-and-white banded variety of <a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">agate</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Silicate_mineral" title="Silicate mineral">silicate mineral</a>. The bands can also be monochromatic with alternating light and dark bands. <i>Sardonyx</i> is a variety with red to brown bands alternated with black or white bands. The name “onyx” is also frequently used for <a href="/wiki/Agate#Level-banded_agates" title="Agate">level-banded</a> (parallel-banded) agates, but in proper usage it refers to color pattern not band structure.<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Onyx, as a descriptive term, has also been incorrectly applied to parallel-banded varieties of <a href="/wiki/Alabaster" title="Alabaster">alabaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">obsidian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">opal</a>, and misleadingly to materials with contorted banding, such as "cave onyx" and "Mexican onyx".<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onyx&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Onyx</i> comes through Latin (of the same spelling), from the Ancient Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὄνυξ</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">onyx</i></span>), meaning <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">claw</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> or <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">fingernail</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>. Onyx with pink and white bands can sometimes resemble a fingernail.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English word "nail" is <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> with the Greek word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onyx&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_onyx_-_Handicraft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Red_onyx_-_Handicraft.jpg/220px-Red_onyx_-_Handicraft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Red_onyx_-_Handicraft.jpg/330px-Red_onyx_-_Handicraft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Red_onyx_-_Handicraft.jpg/440px-Red_onyx_-_Handicraft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cabochon" title="Cabochon">Cabochons</a> of red onyx, also called sardonyx</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Onyx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of 6 smooth black pebbles with white markings, arranged in a circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Black_Onyx.jpg/220px-Black_Onyx.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Black_Onyx.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Black onyx with white streaks</figcaption></figure> <p>Onyx is formed of <a href="/wiki/Chalcedony" title="Chalcedony">chalcedony</a> bands in alternating colors. It is <a href="/wiki/Cryptocrystalline" title="Cryptocrystalline">cryptocrystalline</a>, consisting of fine intergrowths of the <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> minerals <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moganite" title="Moganite">moganite</a>. Its bands are parallel, unlike the more chaotic banding that often occurs in <a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">agates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Sardonyx</b> is a variant in which the colored bands are <a href="/wiki/Sard" class="mw-redirect" title="Sard">sard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shades_of_red" title="Shades of red">shades of red</a>) rather than black. Black onyx is perhaps the most famous variety, but it is not as common as onyx with colored bands. Artificial treatments have been used since ancient times to produce the black color in "black onyx" and the reds and yellows in sardonyx. Most "black onyx" on the market is artificially colored.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SA_July_1874_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA_July_1874-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (July 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Disputed statement"><span title="This claim has reliable sources with contradicting facts (July 2024)">disputed</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Onyx" title="Talk:Onyx">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Imitations_and_treatments">Imitations and treatments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onyx&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Imitations and treatments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name has also commonly been used to label other banded materials, such as banded <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a> found in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and other places, and often carved, polished, and sold. This material is much softer than true onyx and more readily available. The majority of carved items sold as "onyx" today are this <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonate</a> material.<sup id="cite_ref-Mindat_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artificial onyx types have also been produced from common chalcedony and plain agates. The first-century naturalist <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> described these techniques used in Roman times.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Donoghue_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Donoghue-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treatments for producing black and other colors include soaking or boiling chalcedony in sugar solutions, then treating with <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">hydrochloric acid</a> to carbonize sugars which had been absorbed into the top layers of the stone.<sup id="cite_ref-SA_July_1874_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA_July_1874-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These techniques are still used, as well as other dyeing treatments, and most so-called "black onyx" sold is artificially treated.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to dye treatments, heating and treatment with <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a> have been used to lighten or eliminate undesirable colors.<sup id="cite_ref-SA_July_1874_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA_July_1874-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_occurrence">Geographic occurrence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onyx&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geographic occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Onyx can be found in various regions of the world, including Greece, Yemen, Uruguay, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, Madagascar, Latin America, the UK, and various states in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-Mindat_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_use">Historical use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onyx&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Historical use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kunsthistorisches_Museum_Vienna_June_2006_031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph showing a roughly rectangular gem set in a gold frame with 2 carved panels with various figures carved in shallow from translucent white chalcedony against a solid black background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kunsthistorisches_Museum_Vienna_June_2006_031.jpg/220px-Kunsthistorisches_Museum_Vienna_June_2006_031.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kunsthistorisches_Museum_Vienna_June_2006_031.jpg/330px-Kunsthistorisches_Museum_Vienna_June_2006_031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kunsthistorisches_Museum_Vienna_June_2006_031.jpg/440px-Kunsthistorisches_Museum_Vienna_June_2006_031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1739" data-file-height="1619" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Gemma_Augustea" title="Gemma Augustea">Gemma Augustea</a> is a Roman <a href="/wiki/Cameo_(carving)" title="Cameo (carving)">cameo</a> produced 9–12 AD and <a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">carved</a> in a two-layered onyx gem (19 × 23 cm)</figcaption></figure> <p>It has a long history of use for <a href="/wiki/Hardstone_carving" title="Hardstone carving">hardstone carving</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewelry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewelry">jewelry</a>, where it is usually cut as a <a href="/wiki/Cabochon" title="Cabochon">cabochon</a> or into beads. It has also been used for <a href="/wiki/Intaglio_(jewelry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intaglio (jewelry)">intaglio</a> and hardstone <a href="/wiki/Cameo_(carving)" title="Cameo (carving)">cameo</a> <a href="/wiki/Engraved_gems" class="mw-redirect" title="Engraved gems">engraved gems</a>, where the bands make the image contrast with the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some onyx is natural but much of the material in commerce is produced by the staining of agate.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Onyx was used in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> as early as the Second Dynasty to make bowls and other pottery items.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use of sardonyx appears in the art of <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a> <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, notably from the archaeological recoveries at <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brazilian green onyx was often used as plinths for <a href="/wiki/Art_deco" class="mw-redirect" title="Art deco">art deco</a> sculptures created in the 1920s and 1930s. The German sculptor <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Preiss" title="Ferdinand Preiss">Ferdinand Preiss</a> used Brazilian green onyx for the base on the majority of his <a href="/wiki/Chryselephantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chryselephantine">chryselephantine</a> sculptures.<sup id="cite_ref-Hickmet_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hickmet-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Green onyx was also used for trays and pin dishes – produced mainly in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> – often with small bronze animals or figures attached.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Onyx is mentioned in the Bible many times.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sardonyx (onyx in which white layers alternate with sard - a brownish color) is mentioned in the Bible as well.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Onyx was known to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first-century naturalist <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> described both types of onyx and various artificial treatment techniques in his <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Naturalis Historia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Donoghue_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Donoghue-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slabs of onyx (from the <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" title="Atlas Mountains">Atlas Mountains</a>) were famously used by <a href="/wiki/Mies_van_der_Rohe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mies van der Rohe">Mies van der Rohe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Villa_Tugendhat" title="Villa Tugendhat">Villa Tugendhat</a> at <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a> (completed 1930) to create a shimmering semi-translucent interior wall.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_la_Pa%C3%AFva" title="Hôtel de la Païva">Hôtel de la Païva</a> in Paris is noted for its yellow onyx décor, and the new <a href="/wiki/Mariinsky_Theatre_Second_Stage" title="Mariinsky Theatre Second Stage">Mariinsky Theatre Second Stage</a> in St.Petersburg uses yellow onyx in the lobby. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superstitions">Superstitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onyx&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Superstitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ancient Romans entered battle carrying amulets of sardonyx engraved with <a href="/wiki/Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mars</a>, the god of war. This was believed to bestow courage in battle. In Renaissance Europe, wearing sardonyx was believed to bestow eloquence.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A traditional <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a> belief is that it helped with <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sardonyx was traditionally used by English midwives to ease childbirth by laying it between the breasts of the mother.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onyx&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" 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class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/show.php?id=2999">"Onyx"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mindat.org" title="Mindat.org">Mindat.org</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mindat.org&rft.atitle=Onyx&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fshow.php%3Fid%3D2999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gemdat.org/gem-2999.html">"Onyx"</a>. gemdat.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Onyx&rft.pub=gemdat.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgemdat.org%2Fgem-2999.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManutchehr-Danai2013" class="citation book cs1">Manutchehr-Danai, Mohsen (2013). <i>Dictionary of Gems and Gemology</i>. 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Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton, New Jersey</a>: <a href="/wiki/David_Van_Nostrand" title="David Van Nostrand">Van Nostrand</a>. p. 316.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gemstones+of+North+America&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=316&rft.pub=Van+Nostrand&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Sinkankas&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SA_July_1874-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SA_July_1874_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SA_July_1874_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SA_July_1874_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The Manufacture of Gem Stones". <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i>. 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New York, New York: Wiley. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/danasmineralshow00hurl/page/200">200</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-15677-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-15677-9"><bdi>0-471-15677-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dana%27s+Minerals+and+How+to+Study+Them&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=200&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-471-15677-9&rft.aulast=Hurlbut&rft.aufirst=Cornelius+S.&rft.au=Sharp%2C+W.+Edwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdanasmineralshow00hurl%2Fpage%2F200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Donoghue-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O'Donoghue_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Donoghue_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Donoghue1997" class="citation book cs1">O'Donoghue, Michael (1997). <i>Synthetic, Imitation, and Treated Gemstones</i>. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. <span class="nowrap">125–</span>127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7506-3173-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7506-3173-2"><bdi>0-7506-3173-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Synthetic%2C+Imitation%2C+and+Treated+Gemstones&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E125-%3C%2Fspan%3E127&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7506-3173-2&rft.aulast=O%27Donoghue&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRead1999" class="citation book cs1">Read, Peter G. (1999). <i>Gemmology</i>. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7506-4411-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7506-4411-7"><bdi>0-7506-4411-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gemmology&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7506-4411-7&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=Peter+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddicoat1987" class="citation book cs1">Liddicoat, Richard Thomas (1987). <i>Handbook of Gem Identification</i> (12th ed.). Santa Monica, California: Gemological Institute of America. pp. <span class="nowrap">158–</span>160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87311-012-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87311-012-9"><bdi>0-87311-012-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Gem+Identification&rft.place=Santa+Monica%2C+California&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E158-%3C%2Fspan%3E160&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=Gemological+Institute+of+America&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-87311-012-9&rft.aulast=Liddicoat&rft.aufirst=Richard+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrausSlawson1947" class="citation book cs1">Kraus, Edward Henry; Slawson, Chester Baker (1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280103"><i>Gems and Gem Materials</i></a>. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280103/page/n234">227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gems+and+Gem+Materials&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Kraus&rft.aufirst=Edward+Henry&rft.au=Slawson%2C+Chester+Baker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.280103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddicoatCopeland1974" class="citation book cs1">Liddicoat, Richard Thomas; Copeland, Lawrence L. (1974). <i>The Jewelers' Manual</i>. 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Rome: H. Frowde. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatromewasbuilt00portiala/page/108">108</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Rome+was+Built+with%3A+A+Description+of+the+Stones+Employed&rft.place=Rome&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=H.+Frowde&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Mary+Winearls&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhatromewasbuilt00portiala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Michael Hogan (2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/10854/knossos.html#fieldnotes"><i>Knossos fieldnotes</i>, The Modern Antiquarian</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hickmet-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hickmet_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hickmet.com/artist/fritz-ferdinand-preiss">"Ferdinand Preiss"</a>. <i>Hickmet.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hickmet.com&rft.atitle=Ferdinand+Preiss&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hickmet.com%2Fartist%2Ffritz-ferdinand-preiss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artvalue.com/auctionresult--schmidt-hofer-otto-1873-1925-g-art-deco-skulptur-in-form-eine-2160708.htm">"Lot 419, Schmidt-Hofer, Otto, 1873-1925 (Germany)"</a>. <i>ArtValue.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArtValue.com&rft.atitle=Lot+419%2C+Schmidt-Hofer%2C+Otto%2C+1873-1925+%28Germany%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artvalue.com%2Fauctionresult--schmidt-hofer-otto-1873-1925-g-art-deco-skulptur-in-form-eine-2160708.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=Onyx&version=DRA&resultspp=25">"BibleGateway"</a>. <i>biblegateway.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biblegateway.com&rft.atitle=BibleGateway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fquicksearch%2F%3Fquicksearch%3DOnyx%26version%3DDRA%26resultspp%3D25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=sardOnyx&qs_version=DRA">"BibleGateway"</a>. <i>biblegateway.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biblegateway.com&rft.atitle=BibleGateway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fquicksearch%2F%3Fquicksearch%3DsardOnyx%26qs_version%3DDRA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdministrator" class="citation web cs1">Administrator. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/onyx.html">"Onyx"</a>. <i>gemstone.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gemstone.org&rft.atitle=Onyx&rft.au=Administrator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gemstone.org%2Fgem-by-gem%2Fenglish%2Fonyx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tugendhat.eu">"The Interiors"</a>. Villa Tugendhat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Interiors&rft.pub=Villa+Tugendhat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tugendhat.eu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1052">"Tugendhat Villa in Brno"</a>. UNESCO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tugendhat+Villa+in+Brno&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Firefly Guide to Gems By Cally Oldershaw, p.168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Mining World, Volume 32, June 25, 1910, p.1267</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Three thousand years of mental healing By George Barton Cutten, 1911 P.202</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onyx&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Onyx" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Onyx"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Onyx</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onyx" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:onyx">onyx</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudler1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rudler, Frederick William (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Onyx"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Onyx">"Onyx" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jewellery187" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jewellery_types" title="List of jewellery types">Forms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklet" title="Anklet">Anklet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_clip" title="Hair clip">Barrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belly_chain" title="Belly chain">Belly chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_buckle" title="Belt buckle">Belt buckle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bindi (decoration)">Bindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">Bolo tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracelet" title="Bracelet">Bracelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooch" title="Brooch">Brooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_chain" title="Jewellery chain">Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatelaine_(chain)" title="Chatelaine (chain)">Chatelaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_pin" title="Collar pin">Collar pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">Cufflink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earring" title="Earring">Earring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferronni%C3%A8re" title="Ferronnière">Ferronnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_jewellery" class="mw-redirect" title="Genital jewellery">Genital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapel_pin" title="Lapel pin">Lapel pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necklace" title="Necklace">Necklace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_ring" title="Neck ring">Neck ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Pectoral (Ancient Egypt)">Pectoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendant" title="Pendant">Pendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">Tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_chain" title="Tie chain">Tie chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_clip" title="Tie clip">Tie clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_pin" title="Tie pin">Tie pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_ring" title="Toe ring">Toe ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch_strap" title="Watch strap">strap</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Making</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bench_jeweler" title="Bench jeweler">Bench jeweler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clockmaker" title="Clockmaker">Clockmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_design" title="Jewellery design">Jewellery designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapidary" title="Lapidary">Lapidarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silversmith" title="Silversmith">Silversmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchmaker" title="Watchmaker">Watchmaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_(carving)" title="Cameo (carving)">Carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_casting" title="Metal casting">Casting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_casting_(silversmithing)" title="Centrifugal casting (silversmithing)">centrifugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost-wax_casting" title="Lost-wax casting">lost-wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_casting" title="Metal casting">vacuum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">Enameling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">Engraving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filigree" title="Filigree">Filigree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewelry_model" title="Jewelry model">Jewelry model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_clay" title="Metal clay">Metal clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plating" title="Plating">Plating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polishing_(metalworking)" title="Polishing (metalworking)">Polishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing" title="Repoussé and chasing">Repoussé and chasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">Soldering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonesetting" title="Stonesetting">Stonesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_sculpture" title="Wire sculpture">Wire sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_wrapped_jewelry" title="Wire wrapped jewelry">Wire wrapped jewelry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draw_plate" title="Draw plate">Draw plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_(tool)" title="File (tool)">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandrel" title="Mandrel">Mandrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliers" title="Pliers">Pliers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precious metal <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_silver" title="Britannia silver">Britannia silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colored_gold" title="Colored gold">Colored gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_gold" title="Crown gold">Crown gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrum" title="Electrum">Electrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakud%C5%8D" title="Shakudō">Shakudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuichi" title="Shibuichi">Shibuichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_silver" title="Sterling silver">Sterling silver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentium_sterling_silver" title="Argentium sterling silver">Argentium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbaga" title="Tumbaga">Tumbaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Base_metal" title="Base metal">Base metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">Brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokume-gane" title="Mokume-gane">Mokume-gane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_silver" title="Nickel silver">Nickel silver (alpacca)</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pewter" title="Pewter">Pewter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchbeck_(alloy)" title="Pinchbeck (alloy)">Pinchbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">Stainless steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mineral <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gemstones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonite" title="Amazonite">Amazonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">Amethyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventurine" title="Aventurine">Aventurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl">Beryl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Red_beryl" title="Red beryl">red</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnelian" title="Carnelian">Carnelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysoberyl" title="Chrysoberyl">Chrysoberyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysocolla" title="Chrysocolla">Chrysocolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrine_(quartz)" title="Citrine (quartz)">Citrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diopside" title="Diopside">Diopside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">Emerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">Fluorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howlite" title="Howlite">Howlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyanite" title="Kyanite">Kyanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labradorite" title="Labradorite">Labradorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">Lapis lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larimar" title="Larimar">Larimar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">Malachite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcasite_jewellery" title="Marcasite jewellery">Marcasite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonstone_(gemstone)" title="Moonstone (gemstone)">Moonstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">Opal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridot" title="Peridot">Peridot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasiolite" title="Prasiolite">Prasiolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smoky_quartz" title="Smoky quartz">smoky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire" title="Sapphire">Sapphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodalite" title="Sodalite">Sodalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">Spinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunstone" title="Sunstone">Sunstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanite" title="Tanzanite">Tanzanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger%27s_eye" title="Tiger's eye">Tiger's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">Topaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">Tourmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">Turquoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variscite" title="Variscite">Variscite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organic gemstones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">Amber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammolite" title="Ammolite">Ammolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copal" title="Copal">Copal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">Coral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_coral" title="Black coral">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_coral" title="Precious coral">Precious</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">Ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_(gemstone)" title="Jet (gemstone)">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">Nacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operculum_(gastropod)" title="Operculum (gastropod)">Operculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell" title="Tortoiseshell">Tortoiseshell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other natural objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bezoar" title="Bezoar">Bezoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bog-wood" title="Bog-wood">Bog-wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebonite" title="Ebonite">Ebonite (vulcanite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_jewellery" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair jewellery">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_jewelry" title="Shell jewelry">Shell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spondylus" title="Spondylus">Spondylus shell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toadstone" title="Toadstone">Toadstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_jewelry" title="Art jewelry">Art jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carat_(mass)" title="Carat (mass)">Carat</a> (mass)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fineness#Carat" title="Fineness">Carat</a> (purity)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_(jewelcrafting)" title="Finding (jewelcrafting)">Finding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fineness" title="Fineness">Fineness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Related topics</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Body_piercing" title="Body piercing">Body piercing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gemology" title="Gemology">Gemology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">Metalworking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phaleristics" title="Phaleristics">Phaleristics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wearable_art" title="Wearable art">Wearable art</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Silica_minerals152" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Silica_minerals" title="Template:Silica minerals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Silica_minerals" title="Template talk:Silica minerals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Silica_minerals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Silica minerals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Silica_minerals152" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">Silica</a> <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystalline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coesite" title="Coesite">Coesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristobalite" title="Cristobalite">Cristobalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keatite" title="Keatite">Keatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moganite" title="Moganite">Moganite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seifertite" title="Seifertite">Seifertite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stishovite" title="Stishovite">Stishovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridymite" title="Tridymite">Tridymite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cryptocrystalline" title="Cryptocrystalline">Cryptocrystalline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedony" title="Chalcedony">Chalcedony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">Chert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">Jasper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amorphous_solid" title="Amorphous solid">Amorphous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulgurite" title="Fulgurite">Fulgurite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechatelierite" title="Lechatelierite">Lechatelierite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">Opal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiger%27s_eye" title="Tiger's eye">Tiger's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqeeq" title="Aqeeq">Aqeeq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chalcedony" title="Chalcedony">Chalcedony</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnelian" title="Carnelian">Carnelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_chalcedony" title="Chrome chalcedony">Chrome chalcedony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysoprase" title="Chrysoprase">Chrysoprase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliotrope_(mineral)" title="Heliotrope (mineral)">Heliotrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_agate" title="Moss agate">Moss agate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Onyx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">Opal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiorite" title="Fiorite">Fiorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyserite" title="Geyserite">Geyserite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">Amethyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ametrine" title="Ametrine">Ametrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herkimer_diamond" title="Herkimer diamond">Herkimer diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrine_(quartz)" title="Citrine (quartz)">Citrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoky_quartz" title="Smoky quartz">Smoky quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shocked_quartz" title="Shocked quartz">Shocked quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasiolite" title="Prasiolite">Prasiolite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/23px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/34px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/46px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="3552" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Minerals" title="Portal:Minerals">Minerals portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shades_of_black237" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks wraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:black; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shades_of_black" title="Template:Shades of black"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shades_of_black" title="Template talk:Shades of black"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shades_of_black" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shades of black"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shades_of_black237" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black" title="Shades of black"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Shades of black</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0"><table style="background:transparent; width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Bistre" title="Bistre">Bistre</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">Black</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Black_bean_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black bean (color)">Black bean</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crayola_crayon_colors#Pearl_Brite_Crayons" title="List of Crayola crayon colors">Black Coral Pearl</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Olive_(color)#Black_olive" title="Olive (color)">Black olive</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors:_A%E2%80%93F" title="List of colors: A–F">Black Shadows</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_gray#Charcoal" title="Shades of gray">Charcoal</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black#Charleston_green" title="Shades of black">Charleston green</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black#Cool_plack" title="Shades of black">Cool black</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black#Davy's_gray" title="Shades of black">Davy's gray</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#3D2B1F!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#000000!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#3D0C02!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#54626F!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#3B3C36!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#BFAFB2!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#36454F!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#232B2B!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#002E63!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#555555!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black#Dim_gray" title="Shades of black">Dim gray</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black#Ebony" title="Shades of black">Ebony</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black#Eerie_black" title="Shades of black">Eerie black</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crayola_crayon_colors" title="List of Crayola crayon colors">Eggplant</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">Gray</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black#Jet" title="Shades of black">Jet</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Jungle_green#Jungle_green" title="Jungle green">Jungle green</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black#Licorice" title="Shades of black">Licorice</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Midnight_blue" title="Midnight blue">Midnight blue</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crayola_crayon_colors#Midnight_blue" title="List of Crayola crayon colors">Midnight blue (Crayola)</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#696969!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#555D50!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#1B1B1B!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#614051!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#808080!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#343434!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#1A2421!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#1A1110!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#000040!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#003366!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crayola_crayon_colors#Milky_Way" title="List of Crayola crayon colors">Milky way</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Olive_(color)" title="Olive (color)">Olive</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black#Onyx" title="Shades of black">Onyx</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black#Outer_Space" title="Shades of black">Outer space</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Raisin_black" title="Raisin black">Raisin black</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Rich_black" title="Rich black">Rich black</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_violet#Russian_violet" title="Shades of violet">Russian violet</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Smoky_black" title="Smoky black">Smoky black</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Super_black" title="Super black">Super black</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Taupe" title="Taupe">Taupe</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#070707!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#808000!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#353839!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#414A4C!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#242124!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#010B13!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#32174D!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#100C08!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td 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