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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">苏联人民委员会</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。21种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8" title="مجلس مفوضي الشعب – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجلس مفوضي الشعب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" title="Савет Народных Камісараў СССР – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Савет Народных Камісараў СССР" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" title="Съвет на народните комисари на СССР – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съвет на народните комисари на СССР" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_der_Volkskommissare_der_Sowjetunion" title="Rat der Volkskommissare der Sowjetunion – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rat der Volkskommissare der Sowjetunion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_People%27s_Commissars_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsilio_de_Popolkomisaroj_de_Sovetunio" title="Konsilio de Popolkomisaroj de Sovetunio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konsilio de Popolkomisaroj de Sovetunio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consejo_de_Comisarios_del_Pueblo_de_la_Uni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Consejo de Comisarios del Pueblo de la Unión Soviética – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consejo de Comisarios del Pueblo de la Unión Soviética" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSV_Liidu_Rahvakomissaride_N%C3%B5ukogu" title="NSV Liidu Rahvakomissaride Nõukogu – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="NSV Liidu Rahvakomissaride Nõukogu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobietar_Batasuneko_Herri_Komisarioen_Kontseilua" title="Sobietar Batasuneko Herri Komisarioen Kontseilua – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sobietar Batasuneko Herri Komisarioen Kontseilua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_des_commissaires_du_peuple_(URSS)" title="Conseil des commissaires du peuple (URSS) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conseil des commissaires du peuple (URSS)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsilistaro_di_Popula_Komisarii_di_Soviet-Uniono" title="Konsilistaro di Popula Komisarii di Soviet-Uniono – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Konsilistaro di Popula Komisarii di Soviet-Uniono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consiglio_dei_commissari_del_popolo_dell%27Unione_Sovietica" title="Consiglio dei commissari del popolo dell'Unione Sovietica – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Consiglio dei commissari del popolo dell'Unione Sovietica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%93%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0" title="ソビエト連邦人民委員会議 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソビエト連邦人民委員会議" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%A1%D0%A0%D0%9E_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="КСРО халық комиссарлар кеңесі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="КСРО халық комиссарлар кеңесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSRS_Liaudies_komisar%C5%B3_taryba" title="TSRS Liaudies komisarų taryba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="TSRS Liaudies komisarų taryba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rada_Komisarzy_Ludowych_ZSRR" title="Rada Komisarzy Ludowych ZSRR – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rada Komisarzy Ludowych ZSRR" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" title="Совет Народных Комиссаров СССР – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Совет Народных Комиссаров СССР" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konseho_ng_mga_Komisaryong_Bayan_ng_Unyong_Sobyetiko" title="Konseho ng mga Komisaryong Bayan ng Unyong Sobyetiko – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Konseho ng mga Komisaryong Bayan ng Unyong Sobyetiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0%D0%91_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="ССРБ Халык Комиссарлары Шурасы – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="ССРБ Халык Комиссарлары Шурасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A0%D0%A1%D0%A0" title="Рада народних комісарів СРСР – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рада народних комісарів СРСР" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_D%C3%A2n_%E1%BB%A7y_Li%C3%AAn_X%C3%B4" title="Hội đồng Dân ủy Liên Xô – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hội đồng Dân ủy Liên Xô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2136#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&oldid=80272461" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&id=80272461&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%258B%258F%25E8%2581%2594%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E6%25B0%2591%25E5%25A7%2594%25E5%2591%2598%25E4%25BC%259A"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%258B%258F%25E8%2581%2594%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E6%25B0%2591%25E5%25A7%2594%25E5%2591%2598%25E4%25BC%259A"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Council_of_People%27s_Commissars" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2136" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:18em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr" style="font-size:smaller"><span class="fn org country-name"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a></span> </div></th></tr><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1956%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="605" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏联政治（页面不存在）">苏联政府与政治</a></b><br /><small>系列条目</small></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="苏联共产党">苏联共产党</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E7%AB%A0%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏联共产党章程（页面不存在）">党章</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思列宁主义">马克思列宁主义</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="斯大林主义">斯大林主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC" title="集体领导">集体领导制</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%88%B6" title="民主集中制">民主集中制</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E9%A0%98%E5%B0%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="蘇聯最高領導人列表">最高領導人</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="苏联共产党代表大会">代表大会</a><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E6%AC%A1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="苏联共产党第二十八次代表大会">二十八大</a>）</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="苏共中央主要领导人列表">總書記</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E7%93%A6%E4%BB%80%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="弗拉基米尔·安东诺维奇·伊瓦什科">伊瓦什科</a><small>（末任）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="苏联共产党中央委员会">中央委員會</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%B1%80" title="苏联共产党中央政治局">中央政治局</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0%E5%A4%84" title="苏联共产党中央委员会书记处">书记处</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%EF%BC%88%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%80%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%EF%BC%89%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%B1%80" title="全联盟共产党（布尔什维克）中央组织局">中央组织局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%9B%91%E5%AF%9F%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="苏联共产党中央监察委员会">中央监察委员会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%AE%A1%E8%AE%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="苏联共产党中央审计委员会">中央审计委员会</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;"> <hr />政府</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">国家宪政体制</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="苏联成立条约">联盟条约</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="新聯盟條約">新聯盟條約</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="苏联宪法">宪法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%88%B6" title="联邦制">社会主义联邦制</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="民主">社会主义民主</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="蘇聯法律">法律</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%A8%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏联全联盟法律（页面不存在）">全联盟法律</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E7%9B%9F%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏联加盟共和国法律（页面不存在）">加盟共和国法律</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏联自治共和国法律（页面不存在）">自治共和国法律</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E5%86%B3%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地方人民代表苏维埃决定（页面不存在）">地方各级人民代表苏维埃决定</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">国家权力机关</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83" title="苏联最高苏维埃">最高蘇維埃</a>→<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="苏联人民代表大会">人民代表大会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E5%9B%A2" title="苏联最高苏维埃主席团">最高苏维埃主席團</a> <ul><li>主席：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%87%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E5%9F%BA%E6%89%AC%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB" title="阿纳托利·伊万诺维奇·卢基扬诺夫">阿纳托利·卢基扬诺夫</a><small>（末任）</small></li></ul></li> <li><s><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏联人民监督委员会（页面不存在）">苏联人民监督委员会</a></s></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="苏联国家元首列表">国家元首</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E5%9B%A2" title="苏联最高苏维埃主席团">最高苏维埃主席團主席</a>→<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="蘇聯總統">蘇聯總統</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E4%B9%94%E5%A4%AB" title="米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫">戈尔巴乔夫</a><small>（末任）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E5%9B%A2" title="苏联最高苏维埃主席团">最高苏维埃主席團副主席</a>→<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%89%AF%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="苏联副总统">苏联副总统</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E7%BA%B3%E5%AD%A3%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%B3%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB" title="根纳季·亚纳耶夫">亚纳耶夫</a><small>（末任）</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="苏联总统委员会">蘇聯總統會議</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83" title="最高苏维埃">各加盟共和国最高苏维埃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83" title="最高苏维埃">各自治共和国最高苏维埃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83" title="苏维埃">地方各级人民代表苏维埃</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">国家执行机关</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="苏联部长会议">部长会议</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="苏联部长会议主席">主席</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%87%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%8D%B7%E6%BD%98%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="伊万·斯捷潘诺维奇·西拉耶夫">西拉耶夫</a><small>（末任）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%89%AF%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="苏联部长会议第一副主席">第一副主席</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%87%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="弗拉基米尔·马卡罗维奇·韦利奇科">韦利奇科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%A1%9E%E4%BC%8A%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="维塔利·胡塞伊诺维奇·多古日耶夫">多古日耶夫</a><small>（末任）</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏联部长会议各部" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ministries of the Soviet Union"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%90%84%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏联部长会议各部（页面不存在）">部长会议各部</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministries_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="extiw" title="en:Ministries of the Soviet Union"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ministries of the Soviet Union</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="部长会议各国家委员会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="State Committee of the Soviet Union"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="部长会议各国家委员会（页面不存在）">委员会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Committee_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="extiw" title="en:State Committee of the Soviet Union"><span lang="en" dir="auto">State Committee of the Soviet Union</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-disambig" title="部长会议">各加盟共和国部长会议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-disambig" title="部长会议">各自治共和国部长会议</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="执行委员会（页面不存在）">地方各级执行委员会</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">国家司法机关</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="苏联最高法院">最高法院</a> <ul><li>院长：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%A4%AB%E6%A0%B9%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E8%B0%A2%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%8E%AB%E8%BF%9E%E9%87%87%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="叶夫根尼·阿列克谢耶维奇·斯莫连采夫">斯莫连采夫</a><small>（末任）</small></li></ul></li> <li>最高检察机关 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蘇聯總檢察長" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Генеральная прокуратура СССР"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%B8%BD%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E9%95%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯總檢察長（页面不存在）">總檢察長</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" class="extiw" title="ru:Генеральная прокуратура СССР"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Генеральная прокуратура СССР</span></a></span>）</span></span>：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼古拉·塞米诺维奇·特鲁宾" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Трубин, Николай Семёнович"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E9%B2%81%E5%AE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼古拉·塞米诺维奇·特鲁宾（页面不存在）">特鲁宾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Трубин, Николай Семёнович"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Трубин, Николай Семёнович</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（末任）</small></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2_(%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人民法院 (蘇聯)（页面不存在）">地方各级人民法院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98" title="檢察官">地方各级检察长</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;"> <hr />政治</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">经济·社会·文化</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="蘇聯經濟">經濟</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="蘇聯農業">農業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E5%93%81" title="苏联消费品">消費品</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="蘇聯五年計劃">五年計劃</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1965%E5%B9%B4%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1965年蘇維埃經濟改革（页面不存在）">柯西金改革</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯科技（页面不存在）">科学技术</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E9%85%8D%E7%BB%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏联统一配给（页面不存在）">统一配给</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="蘇聯文化">文化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="蘇聯人口">人口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="蘇聯教育">教育</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯家庭（页面不存在）">家庭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="蘇聯宗教">宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="蘇聯交通">運輸</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="苏联历史">历史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="十月革命">十月革命</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="俄国内战">内战</a>时期</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="新经济政策">新经济政策</a>时期</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="苏德战争">斯大林时期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E9%B2%81%E6%99%93%E5%A4%AB%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%BB" title="赫鲁晓夫解冻">赫鲁晓夫缓和期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%9C%E6%BB%AF%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="停滯時代">停滞期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="苏联解体">苏联解体</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">国防·国际关系</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8" title="苏联国防部">国防部</a> <ul><li>部长：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%A4%AB%E6%A0%B9%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%87%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E6%B3%A2%E4%BB%80%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="叶夫根尼·伊万诺维奇·沙波什尼科夫">沙波什尼科夫</a><small>（末任）</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F" title="苏联武装力量">苏联武装力量</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E8%BB%8D" title="俄羅斯戰略火箭軍">战略火箭军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="蘇聯陸軍">陆军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E9%98%B2%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B" title="苏联国土防空军">国土防空军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D" title="蘇聯空軍">空军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="蘇聯海軍">海军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%BE%B9%E9%98%B2%E5%86%9B" title="苏联边防军">边防军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%86%85%E5%8D%AB%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="俄罗斯内卫部队">内务部队</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8" title="苏联外交部">外交部</a> <ul><li>部长：<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B3%E6%B3%BD" title="爱德华·谢瓦尔德纳泽">谢瓦尔德纳泽</a><small>（末任）</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="苏联外交">苏联外交</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" title="第三国际">第三国际</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="经济互助委员会">经济互助委员会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="华沙条约组织">华沙条约组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7%E5%89%A7%E5%8F%98" title="东欧剧变">东欧剧变</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="苏联解体">苏联解体</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Soviet_Union" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Soviet Union">地图</a></span></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%:"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:苏联">苏联主题</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soviet_Union_sidebar" title="Template:Soviet Union sidebar"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soviet_Union_sidebar" title="Template talk:Soviet Union sidebar"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Soviet_Union_sidebar" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Soviet Union sidebar"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>苏联人民委员会</b>（俄语：<span lang="ru">Совет народных коммиссаров or Совнарком</span>，拉丁转写：<i>Soviet narodnykh kommissarov</i> 或Sovnarkom，缩写为SNK），它成立于1922年底，由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国人民委员会">俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国人民委员会</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="苏联成立条约">苏联成立</a>时转化而来，在<a href="/wiki/1924%E5%B9%B4%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="1924年苏联宪法">1924年苏联宪法</a>第38条中指出，委员会的权力、功能与义务是由<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="苏联中央执行委员会">苏联中央执行委员会</a>授予的，中执委同时监督人民委员会工作与立法。人民委员会所颁布的法令与决定通行於蘇聯<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1946年3月第二届苏联<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83" title="最高苏维埃">最高苏维埃</a>第一次会议决定将其改称为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="苏联部长会议">苏联部长会议</a>，各人民委员部改称为部，各人民委员也随之改称为部长<sup id="cite_ref-Law_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="苏联人民委员会成立时的各个部"><span id=".E8.8B.8F.E8.81.94.E4.BA.BA.E6.B0.91.E5.A7.94.E5.91.98.E4.BC.9A.E6.88.90.E7.AB.8B.E6.97.B6.E7.9A.84.E5.90.84.E4.B8.AA.E9.83.A8"></span>苏联人民委员会成立时的各个部</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：苏联人民委员会成立时的各个部"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" height="50" align="center"><b>苏联人民委员会成立时的各个部</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>部门名称</td> <td>负责人称呼 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="农业人民委员部（页面不存在）">农业人民委员部</a></td> <td>农业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8" title="陆军人民委员部">陆军人民委员部</a></td> <td>陆军人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8" title="海军人民委员部">海军人民委员部</a></td> <td>海军人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E4%B8%8E%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贸易与工业人民委员部（页面不存在）">贸易与工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>贸易与工业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="教育人民委員部">教育人民委员部</a></td> <td>教育人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%AE%E9%A3%9F%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="粮食人民委员部（页面不存在）">粮食人民委员部</a></td> <td>粮食人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="外交人民委员部">外交人民委员部</a></td> <td>外交人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A1%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="内务人民委员部">内务人民委员部</a></td> <td>内务人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E9%83%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="司法人民委員部">司法人民委员部</a></td> <td>司法人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劳动人民委员部（页面不存在）">劳动人民委员部</a></td> <td>劳动人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民族人民委员部（页面不存在）">民族人民委员部</a></td> <td>民族人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E9%82%AE%E7%94%B5%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8" title="苏联邮电人民委员部">邮电人民委员部</a></td> <td>邮电人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%81%E9%81%93%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="铁道人民委员会（页面不存在）">铁道人民委员会</a></td> <td>铁道人民委员（1917-1918） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E9%83%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="財政人民委員部">财政人民委员部</a></td> <td>财政人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会保障人民委员部（页面不存在）">社会保障人民委员部</a></td> <td>社会保障人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木材工业人民委员部（页面不存在）">木材工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>木材工业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%91%E5%AF%9F%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="监察人民委员部（页面不存在）">监察人民委员部</a></td> <td>监察人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="机械工业人民委员部（页面不存在）">机械工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>机械工业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E8%A3%85%E5%A4%87%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="武器装备人民委员部（页面不存在）">武器装备人民委员部</a></td> <td>武器装备人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B9%E8%8D%AF%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弹药工业人民委员部（页面不存在）">弹药工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>弹药工业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="农业机械工业人民委员部（页面不存在）">农业机械工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>农业机械工业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国内贸易人民委员部（页面不存在）">国内贸易人民委员部</a></td> <td>国内贸易人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建筑工业人民委员部（页面不存在）">建筑工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>建筑工业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建筑材料工业人民委员部（页面不存在）">建筑材料工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>建筑材料工业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食品工业人民委员部（页面不存在）">食品工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>食品工业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E8%B4%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="采购人民委员部（页面不存在）">采购人民委员部</a></td> <td>采购人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="广播电影人民委员部（页面不存在）">广播电影人民委员部</a></td> <td>广播电影人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E8%BF%90%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海运人民委员部（页面不存在）">海运人民委员部</a></td> <td>海运人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="渔业人民委员部（页面不存在）">渔业人民委员部</a></td> <td>渔业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坦克制造工业人民委员部（页面不存在）">坦克制造工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>坦克制造工业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8" title="国防工业人民委员部">国防工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>国防工业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="航空工业人民委员部">航空工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>航空工业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卫生人民委员部（页面不存在）">卫生人民委员部</a></td> <td>卫生人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%BB%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轻工业人民委员部（页面不存在）">轻工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>轻工业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%96%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对外贸易人民委员部（页面不存在）">对外贸易人民委员部</a></td> <td>对外贸易人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8" title="交通人民委员部">交通人民委员部</a></td> <td>交通人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8" title="重工业人民委员部">重工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>重工业人民委员 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E8%88%B9%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="造船工业人民委员部">造船工业人民委员部</a></td> <td>造船工业人民委员 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="苏联人民委员会历任主席"><span id=".E8.8B.8F.E8.81.94.E4.BA.BA.E6.B0.91.E5.A7.94.E5.91.98.E4.BC.9A.E5.8E.86.E4.BB.BB.E4.B8.BB.E5.B8.AD"></span>苏联人民委员会历任主席</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：苏联人民委员会历任主席"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="95%"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" width="6%"> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="1" width="10%">相片 </th> <th scope="col" colspan="1" width="13%">姓名<br />(生–卒) </th> <th scope="col" width="24%">任期 </th> <th scope="col" width="17%">选举 </th> <th scope="col" width="30%">内阁 </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" align="center">1 </th> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir-Ilich-Lenin-1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Vladimir-Ilich-Lenin-1918.jpg/90px-Vladimir-Ilich-Lenin-1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Vladimir-Ilich-Lenin-1918.jpg/135px-Vladimir-Ilich-Lenin-1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Vladimir-Ilich-Lenin-1918.jpg/180px-Vladimir-Ilich-Lenin-1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1167" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="列宁">列宁</a><br />(1870–1924)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>1922年12月30日 - 1924年1月21日 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="列宁第一政府（页面不存在）">列宁第一政府</a>–<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="列宁第二政府（页面不存在）">第二政府</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="列宁">列宁</a>是苏联部长会议的第一任主席，他领导<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="俄罗斯社会民主工党">俄罗斯社会民主工党</a>进行了两次<a href="/wiki/1917%E5%B9%B4%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="1917年俄国革命">俄国革命</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="俄国二月革命">二月革命</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="十月革命">十月革命</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，并成功地建立了世界上第一个社会主义国家，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国">俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国</a>（苏俄）<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>且在1922年建立起了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" align="center">2 </th> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexei_Rykov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Alexei_Rykov.jpg/90px-Alexei_Rykov.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Alexei_Rykov.jpg/135px-Alexei_Rykov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Alexei_Rykov.jpg/180px-Alexei_Rykov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="505" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E8%B0%A2%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%AB" title="阿列克谢·李可夫">阿列克谢·李可夫</a><br />(1881–1938)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>1924年2月2日—1930年12月19日 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=1929%E5%B9%B4%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1929年苏联苏维埃代表大会代表选举（页面不存在）">1929年</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%AB%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="李可夫政府（页面不存在）">李可夫政府</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E8%B0%A2%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%AB" title="阿列克谢·李可夫">阿列克谢·李可夫</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%80%E7%B6%AD%E5%85%8B%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="布爾什維克黨">布尔什维克党</a>内的一名温和派成员，他与其他温和派成员在1930年被迫对党“承认了错误”，并因此失去了这一职位<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他在1936年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%97" title="大清洗">大清洗</a>中被撤职，1937年被开除党籍，1938年被处死，1988年被恢复名誉。 <p><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" align="center">3 </th> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Molotov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Molotov.jpg/90px-Molotov.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Molotov.jpg/135px-Molotov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Molotov.jpg/180px-Molotov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="425" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%B4%9B%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="莫洛托夫">莫洛托夫</a><br />(1890–1986)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>1930年12月19日 – 1941年5月6日 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937%E5%B9%B4%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937年苏联最高苏维埃代表选举（页面不存在）">1937年</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%B4%9B%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫洛托夫政府（页面不存在）">莫洛托夫政府</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%B4%9B%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="莫洛托夫">莫洛托夫</a>积极协助<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="斯大林">斯大林</a>的执行他的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96" title="苏联农业集体化">农业集体化</a>政策，完成了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" class="mw-redirect" title="苏联第一个五年计划">苏联第一个五年计划</a>的实现。期间苏联实现了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="工业化">工业化</a>，并在1937–38年实施了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%97" title="大清洗">大清洗</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 忽略巨大的人力消耗<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，莫洛托夫名义上领导下的苏联，在工农业科技的采用和广泛应用出现了巨大的飞跃<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 <p><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" align="center">4 </th> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg/90px-Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg/135px-Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg/180px-Stalin_Museum_Batumi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2318" data-file-height="3090" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" title="约瑟夫·斯大林">约瑟夫·斯大林</a><br />(1878–1953)<sup id="cite_ref-stalinbirthdeath_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stalinbirthdeath-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>1941年5月6日 - 1946年3月15日 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=1946%E5%B9%B4%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1946年苏联最高苏维埃代表选举（页面不存在）">1946年</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯大林第一政府（页面不存在）">斯大林第一政府</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="斯大林">斯大林</a>领导国家渡过了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="苏德战争">苏德战争</a>时期（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>的一部分）并开始了国家的重建阶段。他将人民委员会改组并重新命名为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="苏联部长会议">部长会议</a><sup id="cite_ref-Stalin_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stalin-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" colspan="6" align="center" height="60">1946年3月，苏联人民委员会被改组为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="苏联部长会议">苏联部长会议</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading 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class="reference-text"><span lang="ru">Центральный Исполнительный Комитет съезда Советов. Статья №38 от Декабрь 1977 «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1924/">Суверенные права союзных республик</a>». </span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union（页面不存在）">Central Executive Committee</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Soviets_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union（页面不存在）">Congress of Soviets</a>. Article #38 of December 1924 <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answers.com/topic/1924-constitution-of-the-ussr">Sovereign Rights of the Member Republics</a></i>. ).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Law-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Law_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190603155345/http://www.economics.kiev.ua/download/ZakonySSSR/data04/tex16360.htm">«О преобразовании Совета Народных Комиссаров СССР в Совет Министров СССР и Советов Народных Комиссаров Союзных и Автономных республик в Советы Министров Союзных и Автономных республик» 15 марта 1946 года [On Reforming the Council of People's Commissars into the Council of Ministers of the USSR, and the Councils of People's Commissars of Union and Autonomous Republics into the Councils of Ministers of Union and Autonomous Republics, 15 March 1946]</a>. Legislation of the USSR 1946-1952. World and Market Economy - Collection of Articles on Economy, Igor Averin. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2010]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economics.kiev.ua/download/ZakonySSSR/data04/tex16360.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2019-06-03） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到俄语网页">（俄语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.atitle=%C2%AB%D0%9E+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0+%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%C2%BB+15+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0+1946+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislation+of+the+USSR+1946-1952&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economics.kiev.ua%2Fdownload%2FZakonySSSR%2Fdata04%2Ftex16360.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">John Cull, Nicholas; Culbert, David Holbrook; Welch, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Byzv7rf6gL8C&dq">Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC-CLIO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC-CLIO（页面不存在）">ABC-CLIO</a>. 2003: 182 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-10-04</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978%E2%80%931576078205" title="Special:网络书源/978–1576078205"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978–1576078205</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> 请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn=</code>值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_isbn" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608092916/https://books.google.com/books?id=Byzv7rf6gL8C&dq">存档</a>于2019-06-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.au=John+Cull%2C+Nicholas%3B+Culbert%2C+David+Holbrook%3B+Welch%2C+David&rft.btitle=Propaganda+and+Mass+Persuasion%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia%2C+1500+to+the+Present&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781576078205&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DByzv7rf6gL8C%26dq&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">D. Young, Gregory; Braden, Nate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Tnq8WB4Us5AC&dq">The Last Sentry: The True Story That Inspired the Hunt for Red October</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naval_Institute_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naval Institute Press（页面不存在）">Naval Institute Press</a>. 2005: 40 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-10-04</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978%E2%80%931591149924" title="Special:网络书源/978–1591149924"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978–1591149924</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> 请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn=</code>值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_isbn" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190610134909/https://books.google.com/books?id=Tnq8WB4Us5AC&dq">存档</a>于2019-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.au=D.+Young%2C+Gregory%3B+Braden%2C+Nate&rft.btitle=The+Last+Sentry%3A+The+True+Story+That+Inspired+the+Hunt+for+Red+October&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781591149924&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTnq8WB4Us5AC%26dq&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Service_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Service (historian)（页面不存在）">Service, Robert</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=frDGHIxc4EUC&dq">Lenin: A Biography</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. 2000: 1 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-10-04</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978%E2%80%930674008286" title="Special:网络书源/978–0674008286"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978–0674008286</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> 请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn=</code>值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_isbn" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190611173120/https://books.google.com/books?id=frDGHIxc4EUC&dq">存档</a>于2019-06-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.au=Service%2C+Robert&rft.btitle=Lenin%3A+A+Biography&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780674008286&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfrDGHIxc4EUC%26dq&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190728232249/http://hrono.info/sobyt/1900sob/cccp.php">Образование СССР</a>. Hrono.info. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2010]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrono.info/sobyt/1900sob/cccp.php">原始内容</a>存档于2019-07-28） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到俄语网页">（俄语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Hrono.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrono.info%2Fsobyt%2F1900sob%2Fcccp.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Phillips, Steven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=_na0zfdhKQMC&dq">Lenin and the Russian Revolution</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinemann_(book_publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinemann (book publisher)（页面不存在）">Heinemann</a>. 2000: 82 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-10-04</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978%E2%80%930435327194" title="Special:网络书源/978–0435327194"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978–0435327194</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> 请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn=</code>值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_isbn" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301060919/https://books.google.com/books?id=_na0zfdhKQMC&dq">存档</a>于2021-03-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Steven&rft.btitle=Lenin+and+the+Russian+Revolution&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780435327194&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_na0zfdhKQMC%26dq&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rappaport, Helen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lsKClpnX8qwC&dq">Joseph Stalin: A Biographical Companion</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC-CLIO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC-CLIO（页面不存在）">ABC-CLIO</a>. 1999: 238–9 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-10-04</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978%E2%80%931576072088" title="Special:网络书源/978–1576072088"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978–1576072088</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> 请检查<code style="color:inherit; 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border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn=</code>值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_isbn" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301060919/https://books.google.com/books?id=_na0zfdhKQMC&dq">存档</a>于2021-03-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Steven&rft.btitle=Lenin+and+the+Russian+Revolution&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780435327194&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_na0zfdhKQMC%26dq&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_F._Hough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry F. Hough（页面不存在）">Hough, Jerry F</a>; Fainsod, Merle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=38gMzMRXCpQC&dq">How the Soviet Union is Governed</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. 1979: 295 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-10-04</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978%E2%80%930674410300" title="Special:网络书源/978–0674410300"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978–0674410300</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> 请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn=</code>值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_isbn" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511090016/http://books.google.com/books?id=38gMzMRXCpQC&dq">存档</a>于2011-05-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.au=Hough%2C+Jerry+F%3B+Fainsod%2C+Merle&rft.btitle=How+the+Soviet+Union+is+Governed&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780674410300&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D38gMzMRXCpQC%26dq&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Sebag-Montefiore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Sebag-Montefiore（页面不存在）">Sebag-Montefiore, Simon</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stalincourtofred0000seba_s9j1">Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage Books</a>. 2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stalincourtofred0000seba_s9j1/page/n125">125</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978%E2%80%931400076781" title="Special:网络书源/978–1400076781"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978–1400076781</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> 请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn=</code>值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_isbn" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.au=Sebag-Montefiore%2C+Simon&rft.btitle=Stalin%3A+The+Court+of+the+Red+Tsar&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781400076781&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstalincourtofred0000seba_s9j1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Sebag-Montefiore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Sebag-Montefiore（页面不存在）">Sebag-Montefiore, Simon</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stalincourtofred0000seba_s9j1">Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage Books</a>. 2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stalincourtofred0000seba_s9j1/page/n236">236</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978%E2%80%931400076781" title="Special:网络书源/978–1400076781"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978–1400076781</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> 请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn=</code>值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_isbn" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.au=Sebag-Montefiore%2C+Simon&rft.btitle=Stalin%3A+The+Court+of+the+Red+Tsar&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781400076781&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstalincourtofred0000seba_s9j1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stalinbirthdeath-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stalinbirthdeath_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Totten, Samuel; Robert Bartrop, Paul; L Jacobs, Steven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=xWKjSc0ql3cC&dq">Dictionary of Genocide: A–L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. 2008: 76 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-10-04</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978%E2%80%930313346429" title="Special:网络书源/978–0313346429"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978–0313346429</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> 请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn=</code>值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_isbn" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602234116/https://books.google.com/books?id=xWKjSc0ql3cC&dq">存档</a>于2019-06-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.au=Totten%2C+Samuel%3B+Robert+Bartrop%2C+Paul%3B+L+Jacobs%2C+Steven&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Genocide%3A+A%E2%80%93L&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780313346429&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxWKjSc0ql3cC%26dq&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stalin-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stalin_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Service_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Service (historian)（页面不存在）">Service, Robert</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=hSWK6Dh4wRgC&dq">Stalin: A Biography</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. 2005: 3–4 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-10-04</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978%E2%80%930674016971" title="Special:网络书源/978–0674016971"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978–0674016971</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> 请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn=</code>值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_isbn" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804150236/https://books.google.com/books?id=hSWK6Dh4wRgC&dq">存档</a>于2020-08-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.au=Service%2C+Robert&rft.btitle=Stalin%3A+A+Biography&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780674016971&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhSWK6Dh4wRgC%26dq&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 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