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Phillips Prize in Jurisprudence (2013)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://today.law.harvard.edu/tribe-to-receive-henry-m-phillips-prize-in-jurisprudence/ |title=Tribe to receive Henry M. Phillips Prize in Jurisprudence |access-date=May 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208225618/http://today.law.harvard.edu/tribe-to-receive-henry-m-phillips-prize-in-jurisprudence/ |archive-date=December 8, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> | influences = {{hlist|[[Mathew Tobriner|Tobriner]]|[[Potter Stewart|Stewart]]|[[John Hart Ely|Ely]]}} | discipline = [[Constitutional law of the United States|Constitutional law]] | birth_name = Laurence Henry Tribe | caption = Tribe in 2019 | module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=|title=Laurence Tribe's voice|type=speech|description=Laurence Tribe's opening statement to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] in [[Bowers v. Hardwick]]<br />Recorded March 31, 1986}} }} '''Laurence Henry Tribe''' (born October 10, 1941) is an American legal scholar known for his studies of [[United States constitutional law]]. Tribe was a professor at [[Harvard Law School]] from 1968 until his retirement in 2020. He currently holds the position of Carl M. Loeb University Professor Emeritus. A constitutional law scholar,<ref name="Association1990">{{cite book |last=Kenneth Jost |title=ABA Journal |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29ZMcVhqM4MC&pg=PA110 |access-date=October 2, 2015 |date=May 1990 |publisher=American Bar Association |pages=110– |chapter=Roe Revisited (ABA Review) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508155334/https://books.google.com/books?id=29ZMcVhqM4MC&pg=PA110 |archive-date=May 8, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=archive201106142344>Gregory, Vanessa (December 6, 2010) [http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=indefensible10 Indefensible] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614234450/http://prospect.org/cs/articles?article=indefensible10 |date=June 14, 2011 }}, ''[[The American Prospect]]''</ref> Tribe is co-founder of the [[American Constitution Society]]. He is also the author of ''American Constitutional Law'' (1978), a major treatise in that field, and has argued before the [[United States Supreme Court]] 36 times.<ref name="wapo-justice"/> Tribe was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Laurence+H.+Tribe&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-21|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> ==Personal life and education== Tribe was born in 1941 in [[Shanghai]], which was then part of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] but had been taken over by the [[Empire of Japan]] in 1937 following the [[Battle of Shanghai]]. He was the son of Paulina (''née'' Diatlovitsky) and George Israel Tribe.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0BDAQAAIAAJ&q=Laurence+Tribe |title=Legal scholarship symposium: the scholarship of Laurence Tribe |last=Sullivan |first=Kathleen M |publisher=University of Tulsa College Of Law |year=2007 |author-link=Kathleen Sullivan (lawyer) |access-date=April 10, 2015}}</ref> His family is Jewish. His father was from [[Poland]] and his mother was born in [[Harbin]] to immigrants from Eastern Europe.<ref name=bight1>{{cite web |url=http://bigthink.com/videos/laurence-tribe-on-background |title=Laurence Tribe on Background |date=January 15, 2008 |publisher=[[Big Think]] |access-date=March 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621103321/http://bigthink.com/videos/laurence-tribe-on-background |archive-date=June 21, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=20061018thecrimson-a>{{cite web |last=Bhayani |first=Paras D. |title=A Humble Start on the Path to Stardom |publisher=[[The Harvard Crimson]] |date=October 18, 2006 |access-date=April 15, 2012 |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/10/18/a-humble-start-on-the-path |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006083207/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/10/18/a-humble-start-on-the-path/ |archive-date=October 6, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Inquisition 1991, pages 384-386">[[Carlton Sherwood]], ''[[Inquisition: The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon]]'', [[Regnery Publishing]], 1991, 0-89526-532-X, pages 384-386</ref> Tribe spent his early years in the [[Shanghai French Concession|French Concession of Shanghai]] before his family immigrated to the United States when he was six years old.<ref name=bight1/><ref name="HarvGazette">{{cite web |last1=Pazzanese |first1=Christina |title=Laurence Tribe Speaks on His Career in Constitutional Law |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/06/laurence-tribe-speaks-on-his-career-in-constitutional-law/ |website=Harvard Gazette |access-date=11 January 2021 |date=24 June 2020}}</ref> His family settled in [[San Francisco]], and he attended [[Abraham Lincoln High School (San Francisco)|Abraham Lincoln High School]]. After graduating from high school in 1958 at age 16, Tribe went to [[Harvard University]], where he majored in [[mathematics]] and was a member of the Harvard Debate Team that won the intercollegiate [[National Debate Tournament]] in 1961.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Benjamin Nugent |title=American Nerd: The Story of My People |date=May 13, 2008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h6IjHtxvzZQC&pg=PA104 |access-date=October 2, 2015 |page=104 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9781416565512 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611042800/https://books.google.com/books?id=h6IjHtxvzZQC&pg=PA104&dq=%22Laurence+Tribe%22+National+Debate+Tournament+in+1961&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMI1NKG6fqiyAIVAj8-Ch3xZgKw#v=onepage&q=%22Laurence%20Tribe%22%20National%20Debate%20Tournament%20in%201961&f=false |archive-date=June 11, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> He graduated from Harvard in 1962 with a [[Bachelor of Arts]], ''[[Latin honors#United States|summa cum laude]]''. Tribe then received a [[National Science Foundation]] fellowship to pursue doctoral studies in mathematics at Harvard, but dropped out after one year.<ref name="HarvGazette" /> He decided to attend the [[Harvard Law School]] instead, where he was a member of the [[Harvard Legal Aid Bureau]]. He graduated from Harvard Law in 1966 with a [[Juris Doctor]] ''magna cum laude''. Tribe married Carolyn Ricarda Kreye in 1964. They divorced in 2008. Their two children, [[Mark Tribe|Mark]] and [[Kerry Tribe|Kerry]], are visual artists.<ref>{{cite web |title=2002 Dedication - Laurence H. Tribe |url=http://www.law.nyu.edu/journals/annualsurveyofamericanlaw/dedications/laurencetribe |website=New York University School of Law |access-date=October 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002064610/http://www.law.nyu.edu/journals/annualsurveyofamericanlaw/dedications/laurencetribe |archive-date=October 2, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Blumenkranz |first=Carla |date=September 22, 2008 |title=Radical Speak Performance Artist Mark Tribe Breathes New Life Into Old Politics |journal=New York |publisher=New York Magazine Company |volume=41 |page=66}}</ref> On May 22, 2013, he was presented with an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from [[Columbia University]] during its Class of 2013 [[Graduation|commencement]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.columbia.edu/oncampus/3117 |title=Columbia Announces 2013 Honorary Degree Recipients |date=April 8, 2013 |publisher=[[Columbia University]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310045447/http://news.columbia.edu/oncampus/3117 |archive-date=March 10, 2015 }}</ref> ==Career== After graduating from law school, Tribe [[law clerk|clerked]] for justice [[Mathew Tobriner]] of the [[Supreme Court of California]] from 1966 to 1967, then for justice [[Potter Stewart]] of the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] from 1967 to 1968. He then joined the Harvard Law School faculty as an assistant professor, receiving tenure in 1972. Among his law students and research assistants while on the faculty at Harvard have been former President [[Barack Obama]] (a research assistant for over two years),<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Barack Obama Amazed His Harvard Law Professor|url=https://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2014/07/09/How-Barack-Obama-Amazed-His-Harvard-Law-Professor|access-date=2021-01-13|website=The Fiscal Times|language=en}}</ref> Chief Justice [[John Roberts]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=Opinion {{!}} Laurence Tribe says Trump should be impeached again — even if a Senate conviction is unlikely|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/podcasts/cape-up/laurence-tribe-says-trump-should-be-impeached-again--even-if-a-senate-conviction-is-unlikely/|access-date=2021-01-12|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en}}</ref> US Senator [[Ted Cruz]],<ref name=":1" /> former [[D.C. Circuit]] Chief Judge and [[U.S. attorney general|Attorney General]] [[Merrick Garland]],<ref name=":1" /> and Associate Justice [[Elena Kagan]].<ref>{{YouTube|wzmmBZ7i4BQ|Laurence Tribe discusses John Roberts' Supreme Court}}</ref> Other notable students of Tribe were U.S. Representative [[Adam Schiff]], Chair of the [[House Intelligence Committee]] and lead manager for the first [[First impeachment of Donald Trump|Impeachment of Donald Trump]],<ref name=20191001bostonglobe-adam>{{Cite news|last=Levenson|first=Michael|date=October 1, 2019|title=Adam Schiff, who steered clear of Harvard Law drama, now at the center of impeachment inquiry|work=Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/10/01/adam-schiff-who-steered-clear-harvard-law-drama-now-center-impeachment-inquiry/rIkibOBpZIgRHFotJKr5rJ/story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231045909/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/10/01/adam-schiff-who-steered-clear-harvard-law-drama-now-center-impeachment-inquiry/rIkibOBpZIgRHFotJKr5rJ/story.html|archive-date=December 31, 2019}}</ref> and [[Jamie Raskin]], lead manager for the second Donald Trump impeachment.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-24|title=Laurence Tribe speaks on his career in constitutional law|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/06/laurence-tribe-speaks-on-his-career-in-constitutional-law/|access-date=2021-01-13|website=Harvard Gazette|language=en-US}}</ref> In 1978, Tribe published the first version of what has become one of the core texts on its subject, ''American Constitutional Law''. It has since been updated and expanded a number of times.<ref>{{cite book |last=Levy |first=Richard E. |title=The Power to Legislate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OEr3Ym3LWgcC&pg=PA192 |year=2006 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780313086328 |page=192 |access-date=January 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000352/https://books.google.com/books?id=OEr3Ym3LWgcC&pg=PA192 |archive-date=May 8, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1983, Tribe represented [[Unification Church]] leader [[Sun Myung Moon]] in the appeal of his federal conviction on income tax charges.<ref name="Inquisition 1991, pages 384-386"/> Tribe represented the restaurant [[Grendel's Den]] in the case ''[[Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc.]]'', in which the restaurant challenged a Massachusetts law that allowed religious establishments to prohibit liquor sales in neighboring properties. The case reached the United States Supreme Court in 1982 and the court overturned the law as violating the separation of church and state.<ref name="Epps2001">{{cite book |last=Epps |first=Garrett |title=To An Unknown God: Religious Freedom On Trial |url=https://archive.org/details/tounknowngodreli00epps |url-access=registration |access-date=October 2, 2015 |date=March 15, 2001 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=9780312262396 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/tounknowngodreli00epps/page/79 79]–}}</ref> ''The Lawyer's Guide to Writing Well'' criticizes the opening of his brief as a "thicket of confusing citations and unnecessary definitions" stating that it would have been "measurably strengthened" if he had used the "more lively imagery" that he had used in a footnote later in the document.<ref name="GoldsteinLieberman2002">{{cite book |last1=Goldstein |first1=Tom |last2=Lieberman |first2=Jethro K. |title=The Lawyer's Guide to Writing Well: Second Edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlqUVnvd2_8C&pg=PA81 |access-date=October 2, 2015 |date=December 14, 2002 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520929074 |pages=81– |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508130042/https://books.google.com/books?id=nlqUVnvd2_8C&pg=PA81 |archive-date=May 8, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 1985 ''[[National Gay Task Force v. Board of Education]]'' Supreme Court case, Tribe represented the National Gay Task Force who had won an Appeals Court ruling against an Oklahoma law that would have allowed schools to fire teachers who were attracted to people of the same sex or spoke in favor of civil rights for gay people. The Supreme Court deadlocked, which left the Appeals Court's favorable ruling in place, declaring the law would have violated the First Amendment.<ref name="Blount2005">{{cite book |last=Blount |first=Jackie M. |title=Fit to Teach: Same-Sex Desire, Gender, and School Work in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=loz5qE50srgC&pg=PA160 |access-date=October 2, 2015 |year=2005 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=9780791462676 |pages=160– |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508011942/https://books.google.com/books?id=loz5qE50srgC&pg=PA160 |archive-date=May 8, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Supreme Court ruled against Tribe's client in ''[[Bowers v. Hardwick]]'' in 1986 and held that a [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] state law criminalizing [[sodomy]], as applied to consensual acts between persons of the same sex, did not violate fundamental liberties under the principle of substantive [[due process]]. However, in 2003 the Supreme Court overruled ''Bowers'' in ''[[Lawrence v. Texas]]'', a case for which Tribe wrote the ACLU's [[amicus curiae]] brief supporting Lawrence, who was represented by [[Lambda Legal]].<ref name="Blount2005"/> [[File:Larry Tribe Testifying.png|thumb|right|Tribe in 1987]] Tribe testified at length during the Senate confirmation hearings in 1987 about the [[Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination]], arguing that Bork's stand on the limitation of rights in the Constitution would be unique in the history of the Court.<ref name="Bronner2007">{{cite book |last=Bronner |first=Ethan |title=Battle for Justice: How the Bork Nomination Shook America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VpFLtmfnRaMC&pg=PA266 |access-date=October 2, 2015 |year=2007 |publisher=Union Square Press |isbn=9781402752278 |pages=266– |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509231807/https://books.google.com/books?id=VpFLtmfnRaMC&pg=PA266 |archive-date=May 9, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> His participation in the hearings raised his profile outside of the legal realm and he became a target of right-wing critics.<ref name="Bronner2007"/> His phone was later found to have been [[Telephone tapping|wiretapped]], but it has never been discovered who had placed the device or why.<ref name="Bronner2007"/> Tribe's 1990 book ''Abortion: Clash of Absolutes'', was called "informative, lucidly written and cogently reasoned" in a review in the ''Journal'' of the [[American Bar Association]].<ref name="Association1990"/> In 1992, Tribe reargued ''[[Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc.|Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc]].'', before the Supreme Court on behalf of Cipollone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oyez.org/cases/1991/90-1038|title=Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc.|website=Oyez|language=en|access-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818052410/https://www.oyez.org/cases/1991/90-1038|archive-date=August 18, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Tribe was part of [[Al Gore]]'s legal team regarding the results of the [[2000 United States presidential election]]. Due to the close nature of the vote count, [[Florida election recount|recounts had been initiated in Florida]], and the recounts had been challenged in court. Tribe argued the initial case in Federal Court in Miami in which they successfully argued that the court should not stop the recount of the votes which was taking place and scheduled to take place in certain counties.<ref name="Toobin2002">{{cite book |last=Toobin |first=Jeffrey |title=Too Close to Call: The Thirty-Six-Day Battle to Decide the 2000 Election |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1IHSL89yMIC&pg=PA100 |access-date=October 3, 2015 |date=October 1, 2002 |publisher=Random House |isbn=9780375761072 |pages=100– |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508141606/https://books.google.com/books?id=V1IHSL89yMIC&pg=PA100 |archive-date=May 8, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[David Boies]] argued for the Gore team in a related matter in the Florida State Courts regarding the dates that [[Secretary of State of Florida]] [[Katherine Harris]] would accept recounts.<ref name="Toobin2002" /> When the original Federal case, ''[[Bush v. Gore]]'', was appealed, Gore and his advisers decided at the last minute to have Boies instead of Tribe argue the case at the Supreme Court.<ref name="Toobin2002" /> The court determined that recounts of votes should cease and that accordingly George W. Bush had been elected president. Since the mid-1990s, Tribe has represented a number of corporations advocating for their free speech rights and constitutional personhood.<ref name="New Yorker 2015">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/did-laurence-tribe-sell-out |title=Did Laurence Tribe Sell Out? |last=Tim Wu |date=May 6, 2015 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=October 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930004319/http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/did-laurence-tribe-sell-out |archive-date=September 30, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tribe represented [[General Electric]] in its defense against its liability under the [[Superfund|Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act]] ("Superfund"), in which GE and Tribe unsuccessfully argued that the act unconstitutionally violated General Electric's [[Due Process Clause|due process]] rights.<ref name="New Yorker 2015"/><ref name=findlaw20090226>{{cite news |url=http://news.findlaw.com/andrews/en/haz/20090226/20090226_ge.html |title=GE Loses Last Issue in Lengthy Court Case on Superfund Liability |first=Jodine |last=Mayberry |date=February 26, 2009 |work=Findlaw.com |access-date=April 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528081306/http://news.findlaw.com/andrews/en/haz/20090226/20090226_ge.html |archive-date=May 28, 2009}}</ref> [[File:Larry Tribe.png|thumb|right|Tribe testifying in front of the [[Senate Judiciary Committee]] in 2006]] In 2014, Tribe was retained to represent [[Peabody Energy]] in a suit against the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]]. Tribe argued that EPA's use of the [[Clean Air Act (United States)|Clean Air Act]] to implement its [[Clean Power Plan]] was unconstitutional.<ref name=20150320nytimes-us>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/20/us/politics/mitch-mcconnell-urges-states-to-help-thwart-obamas-war-on-coal.html |title=McConnell urges states to help thwart Obama's war on coal |work=The New York Times |first=Coral |last=Davenport |date=March 19, 2015 |access-date=February 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223141603/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/20/us/politics/mitch-mcconnell-urges-states-to-help-thwart-obamas-war-on-coal.html |archive-date=February 23, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tribe's legal analysis has been criticized by other legal commentators, including fellow Harvard Law School professors Richard J. Lazarus and Jody Freeman, who described his conclusion as "wholly without merit".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://today.law.harvard.edu/is-the-presidents-climate-plan-unconstitutional |title=Is the President's Climate Plan Unconstitutional? |date=March 18, 2015 |work=Harvard Law Today |first1=Jody |last1=Freeman |first2=Richard J. |last2=Lazarus |access-date=March 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160429/http://today.law.harvard.edu/is-the-presidents-climate-plan-unconstitutional/ |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=20150325politico>{{cite web |url=http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/03/epa-climate-rules-mitch-mcconnell-116399.html |title=Larry Tribe and Mitch McConnell's Flagrant Constitutional Error |date=March 25, 2015 |work=Politico Magazine |access-date=April 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418163154/http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/03/epa-climate-rules-mitch-mcconnell-116399.html |archive-date=April 18, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> His advocacy for corporations like Peabody has been criticized by some legal experts.<ref name="New Yorker 2015"/> On September 25, 2020, Tribe was named as one of the 25 members of the "Real Facebook Oversight Board", an independent monitoring group over [[Facebook]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ortutay |first=Barbara |date=May 3, 2021 |title=A decision on suspended Trump Facebook account this week |url=https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-technology-business-3e0cb7002231ae2e9e24ba44d44112ca |access-date=May 22, 2022 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en}}</ref> ==Political involvement== Tribe is one of the co-founders of the liberal [[American Constitution Society]], the law and policy organization formed to counter the conservative [[Federalist Society]], and is one of a number of scholars at Harvard Law School who have expressed their support for [[animal rights]].<ref name=AAMC>[https://web.archive.org/web/20031019033752/http://www.aamc.org/newsroom/reporter/oct03/animalrights.htm "'Personhood' Redefined: Animal Rights Strategy Gets at the Essence of Being Human"], Association of American Medical Colleges. Retrieved April 10, 2011.</ref> Tribe served as a judicial adviser to [[Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign]].<ref name="beststu">{{cite news |first=Shira |last=Schoenberg |title=Law expert: Obama will preserve Constitution |url=http://www.cmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071114/NEWS01/711140429/1217/NEWS98 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722214352/http://www.cmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071114/NEWS01/711140429/1217/NEWS98 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 22, 2012 |work=Concord Monitor |date=November 14, 2007}}</ref><ref name="Egelko2008">{{cite news |first=Bob |last=Egelko |title=Next president will shape Supreme Court |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/10/19/MNES13IOES.DTL&type=politics |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=October 20, 2008 |access-date=July 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508040722/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F10%2F19%2FMNES13IOES.DTL&type=politics |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2010, he was named "Senior Counselor for Access to Justice" in the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]].<ref name="wapo-justice">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/25/AR2010022505697.html |title=Prominent Harvard law professor joins Justice Department |first=Carrie |last=Johnson |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 26, 2010 |access-date=April 6, 2012 |quote=Tribe has served as lead counsel in 35 cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, testified before Congress dozens of times and wrote a major treatise on constitutional law. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227033322/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/25/AR2010022505697.html |archive-date=February 27, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="harvard">{{cite web |url=http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2010/02/26_tribe.senior.counselor.html |title=Tribe named Senior Counselor for Access to Justice |date=February 26, 2010 |publisher=[[Harvard Law School]] |access-date=February 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604153147/http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2010/02/26_tribe.senior.counselor.html |archive-date=June 4, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> He resigned eight months later, citing health reasons.<ref>{{cite web |title=Laurence Tribe to return to Harvard Law School in January |url=http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2010/11/18_tribe.html |publisher=[[Harvard Law School]] |date=November 18, 2010 |access-date=April 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415200209/http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2010/11/18_tribe.html |archive-date=April 15, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2016, Tribe and notable lawyers [[Lawrence Lessig]] and Andrew Dhuey established The Electors Trust under the aegis of [[Equal Citizens]]. They provide [[pro bono]] legal counsel as well as a secure communications platform for those of the [[List of United States presidential electors, 2016|538 members]] of the [[United States Electoral College]] who were considering a [[unfaithful elector|vote of conscience]] against [[Donald Trump]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|presidential election]].<ref name="The Electors Trust">{{Cite web |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/larry-lessig-electors-trump-232231 |title=Lessig, lawyers to offer support to anti-Trump electors |last=Cheney |first=Kyle |website=[[Politico]] |date=December 5, 2016 |access-date=December 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220090025/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/larry-lessig-electors-trump-232231 |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> After the [[dismissal of James Comey]] in May 2017, Tribe wrote: "The time has come for Congress to launch an impeachment investigation of President Trump for [[obstruction of justice]]." Tribe argued that Trump's conduct rose to the level of "[[high crimes and misdemeanors]]" that are impeachable offenses under the Constitution.<ref name="Tribe">{{cite news |author=Laurence H. Tribe |date=May 13, 2017 |title=Trump must be impeached. Here's why. |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/trump-must-be-impeached-heres-why/2017/05/13/82ce2ea4-374d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html |access-date=May 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514153710/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/trump-must-be-impeached-heres-why/2017/05/13/82ce2ea4-374d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html |archive-date=May 14, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> He added: "It will require serious commitment to constitutional principle, and courageous willingness to put devotion to the national interest above self-interest and party loyalty, for a Congress of the president's own party to initiate an impeachment inquiry."<ref name="Tribe" /> Tribe is on the board of the [[Renew Democracy Initiative]], an American political organization founded in 2017 to promote and defend [[liberal democracy]] in the U.S. and abroad.<ref name=20180425washingtonpost-6170f646>{{cite news |last=Boot |first=Max |date=April 25, 2018 |title=The political center is fighting back |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/the-political-center-is-fighting-back/2018/04/25/6170f646-489b-11e8-827e-190efaf1f1ee_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508152332/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/the-political-center-is-fighting-back/2018/04/25/6170f646-489b-11e8-827e-190efaf1f1ee_story.html |archive-date=May 8, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2004, Tribe acknowledged having [[plagiarized]] several phrases and a sentence in his 1985 book, ''God Save this Honorable Court'', from a 1974 book by [[Henry J. Abraham|Henry Abraham]].<ref name=20041004weeklystandard>{{cite news |first=Joseph |last=Bottum |title=The Big Mahatma |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/674eijco.asp |work=[[The Weekly Standard]] |date=October 4, 2004 |access-date=May 11, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526004333/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/674eijco.asp |archive-date=May 26, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=20041124nytimes-nyregion>{{cite news |title=When Plagiarism's Shadow Falls on Admired Scholars |first=Sara |last=Rimer |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 24, 2004 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/24/nyregion/24harvard.html |access-date=May 11, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007175200/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/24/nyregion/24harvard.html |archive-date=October 7, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> After an investigation, Tribe was reprimanded by Harvard for "a significant lapse in proper academic practice," but the investigation concluded that Tribe did not intend to plagiarize.<ref>{{cite web |title=Harvard Reprimands Law Professor Over Book |first=Justin |last=Pope |agency=Associated Press |date=April 14, 2005 |url=http://www.newsday.com/news/nationworld/nation/wire/sns-ap-harvard-scholar,0,7302646.story?coll=sns-ap-nation-headlines |access-date=May 11, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050420102240/http://www.newsday.com/news/nationworld/nation/wire/sns-ap-harvard-scholar,0,7302646.story?coll=sns-ap-nation-headlines |archive-date=April 20, 2005 }}</ref> Tribe has stirred controversy due to his promotion of conspiracy theories about Donald Trump's fitness for the presidency.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/2-Professors-Walk-Into-a/240405 |title=2 Professors Walk Into a Dumpster Fire ... |date=June 20, 2017 |work=The Chronicle of Higher Education |access-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207192454/https://www.chronicle.com/article/2-Professors-Walk-Into-a/240405 |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/larry-tribe-why |title=Why Is A Top Harvard Law Professor Sharing Anti-Trump Conspiracy Theories? |work=BuzzFeed |access-date=December 7, 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205072220/https://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/larry-tribe-why |archive-date=December 5, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dartmouth political scientist [[Brendan Nyhan]] harshly criticized Tribe, saying that he "has become an important vector of misinformation and conspiracy theories on Twitter."<ref name=":0"/> According to McKay Coppins of ''[[The Atlantic]]'', Tribe has been "an especially active booster" of the [[Palmer Report]], "a liberal blog known for peddling conspiracy theories".<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/07/liberal-fever-swamps/530736/ |title=How the Left Lost Its Mind |last=Coppins |first=McKay |work=The Atlantic |access-date=December 7, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223012416/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/07/liberal-fever-swamps/530736/ |archive-date=December 23, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tribe removed the posted tweets following the Palmer Report and contests the accuracy of the story of controversy.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/> On August 8, 2023, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that [[Kenneth Chesebro]], who initially laid out "a plot to use [[Trump fake electors plot|false slates of electors]] to subvert the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]]", referred to comments by Tribe, to which Tribe responded that his referred comments were "a gross misrepresentation of my scholarship” by Chesebro, and were "taken out of context".<ref name="NYT-20230808">{{cite news |last1=Haberman |first1=Maggie |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |last3=Broadwater |first3=Luke |title=Previously Secret Memo Laid Out Strategy for Trump to Overturn Biden's Win - The House Jan. 6 committee's investigation did not uncover the memo, whose existence first came to light in last week's indictment. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/08/us/politics/trump-indictment-fake-electors-memo.html |date=August 8, 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20230809142035/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/08/us/politics/trump-indictment-fake-electors-memo.html |archivedate=August 9, 2023 |accessdate=August 10, 2023 }}</ref> On August 19, 2023, several legal constitutional scholars, including conservative legal scholar [[J. Michael Luttig]] and Tribe,<ref name="ATL-20230819">{{cite news |last1=Luttig |first1=J. Michael |last2=Tribe |first2=Laurence H. |title=The Constitution Prohibits Trump From Ever Being President Again - The only question is whether American citizens today can uphold that commitment. |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/08/donald-trump-constitutionally-prohibited-presidency/675048/ |date=August 19, 2023 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20230820122539/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/08/donald-trump-constitutionally-prohibited-presidency/675048/ |archivedate=August 20, 2023 |accessdate=August 20, 2023 }}</ref> have argued that the former U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] is now barred from presidential office under section 3 of the 14th Amendment because of his alleged support for the [[January 6 United States Capitol attack]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beauchamp |first=Zack |date=2023-08-11 |title=The constitutional case that Donald Trump is already banned from being president |url=https://www.vox.com/23828477/trump-2024-14th-amendment-banned |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-10 |title=Conservative Case Emerges to Disqualify Trump for Role on Jan. 6 |language=en |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/10/us/trump-jan-6-insurrection-conservatives.html |access-date=2023-08-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nichols |first=John |date=2023-08-04 |title=The Biggest Threat to Donald Trump Could Be the Constitution Itself |language=en-US |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/trump-14th-amendment-indictment/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |issn=0027-8378}}</ref> In 2025, Tribe argued that the power that [[Elon Musk]] and his [[Department of Government Efficiency]] attempt to exercise over the [[US federal government]] is illegal. Tribe says that Musk "absolutely" faces a conflict of interest in his roles as a government contractor and federal employee.<ref>{{cite news |title=Elon Musk’s gutting of US agencies is illegal, experts say. How do you muzzle Doge? |first=Ben |last=Makuch |date=February 10, 2025 |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/10/elon-musk-doge-agency-illegal }}</ref> ==Cases== {{Update|documentation|date=December 2022}} The following is a list of cases Tribe has argued in the Supreme Court, as of the end of 2005: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Case ! Citation ! Year |- | ''Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia'' || {{ussc|source=f|448|555}} || 1980 |- | ''Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness'' || {{ussc|source=f|452|640}} || 1981 |- | ''Crawford v. Board of Education'' || {{ussc|source=f|458|527}} || 1982 |- | ''Larkin v. Grendel’s Den, Inc.'' || {{ussc|source=f|459|116}} || 1982 |- | ''White v. Massachusetts Council'' || {{ussc|source=f|460|204}} || 1983 |- | ''Pacific Gas & Electric v. California'' || {{ussc|source=f|461|190}} || 1983 |- | ''Hawaii Housing Auth. v. Midkiff'' || {{ussc|source=f|467|229}} || 1984 |- | ''Northeast Bancorp v. Fed. Reserve'' || {{ussc|source=f|472|159}} || 1985 |- | ''[[National Gay Task Force v. Board of Education]]'' || {{ussc|source=f|470|159}} || 1985 |- | ''Fisher v. City of Berkeley'' || {{ussc|source=f|475|260}} || 1986 |- | ''[[Bowers v. Hardwick]]'' || {{ussc|source=f|478|186}} || 1986 |- | ''Pennzoil v. Texaco'' || {{ussc|source=f|481|1}} || 1986 |- | ''[[Schweiker v. Chilicky]]'' || {{ussc|source=f|487|412}} || 1988 |- | ''Granfinanciera v. Nordberg'' || {{ussc|source=f|492|33}} || 1989 |- | ''Sable Communications v. FCC'' || {{ussc|source=f|492|115}} || 1989 |- | ''Adams Fruit v. Barrett'' || {{ussc|source=f|494|638}} || 1990 |- | ''[[Rust v. Sullivan]]'' || {{ussc|source=f|500|173}} || 1991 |- | ''[[Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc.|Cipollone v. Liggett]]'' || {{ussc|source=f|505|504}} || 1992 |- | ''TXO v. Alliance Resources'' || {{ussc|source=f|509|443}} || 1993 |- | ''[[Honda Motor Co. v. Oberg]]'' || {{ussc|source=f|512|415}} || 1994 |- | ''U.S. v. Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone'' || {{ussc|source=f|516|415}} || 1996 |- | ''Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party'' || {{ussc|source=f|520|351}} || 1997 |- | ''[[Vacco v. Quill]]'' || {{ussc|source=f|521|793}} || 1997 |- | ''Amchem Products v. Windsor'' || {{ussc|source=f|521|591}} || 1997 |- | ''Baker v. General Motors'' || {{ussc|source=f|522|222}} || 1998 |- | ''AT&T v. Iowa Utilities Board'' || {{ussc|source=f|525|366}} || 1999 |- | ''Ortiz v. Fibreboard'' || {{ussc|source=f|527|815}} || 1999 |- | ''[[Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board]]'' || {{ussc|source=f|531|70}} || 2000 |- | ''[[New York Times Co. v. Tasini]]'' || {{ussc|source=f|533|438}} || 2001 |- | ''U.S. v. United Foods'' || {{ussc|source=f|533|405}} || 2001 |- | ''FCC v. NextWave'' || {{ussc|source=f|537|293}} || 2002 |- | ''[[State Farm v. Campbell]]'' || {{ussc|source=f|538|408}} || 2003 |- | ''Nike v. Kasky'' || {{ussc|source=f|539|654}} || 2003 |- | ''Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Association'' || {{ussc|source=f|544|550}} || 2005 |} Tribe has argued 26 cases in the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals:{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Case ! Citation ! Circuit ! Year |- | ''Worldwide Church of God v. California'' || [http://openjurist.org/623/f2d/613/worldwide-church-of-god-inc-v-state-of-california-j-r 623 F.2d 613]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} || 9th || 1980 |- | ''Grendel's Den v. Goodwin'' ||[http://openjurist.org/662/f2d/102/grendels-den-inc-v-n-goodwin-grendels-den-inc 662 F.2d 102] || 1st || 1981 |- | ''Pacific Legal Foundation v. State Energy Resources'' ||[http://openjurist.org/659/f2d/903/659-f2d-903-pacific-v-state 659 F.2d 903]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} || 9th || 1981 |- | ''[[United States v. Sun Myung Moon]]'' || 718 F.2d 1210 || 2nd || 1983 |- | ''Romany v. Colegio de Abogados'' || 742 F.2d 32 || 1st || 1984 |- | ''Westmoreland v. CBS'' || 752 F.2d 16 || 2nd || 1984 |- | ''Colombrito v. Kelly'' || [http://openjurist.org/764/f2d/122/colombrito-v-g-kelly 764 F.2d 122] || 2nd || 1985 |- | ''Texaco v. Pennzoil'' ||[http://openjurist.org/784/f2d/1133/texaco-inc-v-pennzoil-company 784 F.2d 1133] || 2nd || 1986 |- | ''U.S. v. Bank of New England'' ||[http://openjurist.org/821/f2d/844/united-states-v-bank-of-new-england-na 821 F.2d 844] || 1st || 1987 |- | ''U.S. v. Gallo'' ||[http://openjurist.org/859/f2d/1078/united-states-v-n-gallo 859 F.2d 1078] || 2nd || 1988 |- | ''U.S. v. GAF Corporation'' || 884 F.2d 670 || 2nd || 1989 |- | ''U.S. v. Western Electric Company'' || 900 F.2d 283 || D.C. || 1999 |- | ''Fineman v. Armstrong World Industries'' || 980 F.2d 171 || D.C. || 1992 |- | ''U.S. v. Western Electric Company'' || 993 F.2d 1572 || D.C. || 1993 |- | ''Lightning Lube v. Witco Corporation'' || 4 F.3d 1153 || 3rd || 1993 |- | ''Hopkins v. Dow Corning Corporation'' || 33 F.3d 1116 || 9th || 1994 |- | ''Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone v. U.S.'' || 42 F.3d 181 || 4th || 1994 |- | ''Georgine v. Amchem Products, Inc.'' || [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=3rd&navby=case&no=961312P 83 F.3d 610] || 3rd || 1996 |- | ''BellSouth Corp. v. F.C.C.'' || [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=dc&navby=case&no=971113A 144 F.3d 58] || D.C. || 1998 |- | ''[[SBC Communications v. F.C.C.]]'' || [http://laws.findlaw.com/5th/9810140cv0.html 154 F.3d 226] || 5th || 1998 |- | ''City of Dallas v. F.C.C.'' || [http://laws.findlaw.com/5th/9660502cv0.html165 F.3d 341] || 5th || 1999 |- | ''U.S. West v. Tristani'' || {{cite web |url=http://www.ck10.uscourts.gov/opinions/98/98-2053.pdf |title=182 F.3d 1202 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920142949/http://www.ck10.uscourts.gov/opinions/98/98-2053.pdf |archive-date=September 20, 2008 }}&nbsp;(90.5&nbsp;KB) || 10th || 1999 |- | ''U.S. West v. F.C.C.'' || {{cite web |url=http://www.ck10.uscourts.gov/opinions/98/98-9518.pdf |title=182 F.3d 1224 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920150907/http://www.ck10.uscourts.gov/opinions/98/98-9518.pdf |archive-date=September 20, 2008 }}&nbsp;(220&nbsp;KB) || 10th || 1999 |- | ''Southwest Voter Registration v. Shelley'' || {{cite web |url=http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/ca9/newopinions.nsf/BE5FACF826D7E79788256DAA00565FD7/$file/0356498eb.pdf |title=344 F.3d 914}}&nbsp;(23.0&nbsp;KB) || 9th || 2003 |- | ''Pacific Gas and Elec. v. California'' || {{cite web |url=http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data2/circs/9th/0216990ap.pdf |title=350 F.3d 932}}&nbsp;(144&nbsp;KB) || 9th || 2003 |- | ''General Electric v. E.P.A.'' || {{cite web |url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/data2/circs/dc/035114A.pdf |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20071127105625/http://login.findlaw.com/scripts/case_login?dest=http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data2/circs/dc/035114a.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= November 27, 2007 |title=360 F.3d 188}}&nbsp;(49.8&nbsp;KB) || D.C. || 2004 |} ==Selected works== ===Books=== *''Technology: Processes of Assessment and Choice'' (1969) *''Environmental Protection'' (1971; co-author with Louis Jaffe) *''Channeling Technology Through Law'' (1973) *''The American Presidency: Its Constitutional Structure'' (1974) *''American Constitutional Law'' (treatise; 1978, 1979, 1988, and 2000) *''The Supreme Court: Trends and Developments'' (1979, 1980, 1982, 1983) *''God Save This Honorable Court: How the Choice of Supreme Court Justices Shapes Our History'' (1985) *''Constitutional Choices'' (1985) *''Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes'' (1990) *''On Reading the Constitution'' (1991; co-author with Michael Dorf) *''The Invisible Constitution'' (2008) *''Uncertain Justice: The Roberts Court and the Constitution'' (2014; co-author with Joshua Matz) *''To End a Presidency: The Power of Impeachment'' (2018; co-author with Joshua Matz) ===Articles=== * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | title = An Ounce of Detention: Preventive Justice in the World of John Mitchell | journal = [[Virginia Law Review]] | volume = 56 | issue = 3 | pages = 371–407 | year = 1970 | jstor = 1071797 }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | title = Trial by Mathematics: Precision and Ritual in the Legal Process | journal = [[Harvard Law Review]] | volume = 84 | issue = 6 | pages = 1329–93 | year = 1971 | jstor = 1339610 }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | title = Technology Assessment and the Fourth Discontinuity: The Limits of Instrumental Rationality | journal = [[Southern California Law Review]] | volume = 46 | issue = 3 | pages = 617–60 | year = 1973 }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | title = Foreword: Toward a Model of Roles in the Due Process of Life and Law | journal = Harvard Law Review | volume = 87 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–53 | year = 1973 | jstor = 1339866 }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | title = Triangulating Hearsay | journal = Harvard Law Review | volume = 87 | issue = 5 | pages = 957–74 | year = 1974 | jstor = 1340046 }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | title = Ways Not to Think About Plastic Trees: New Foundations for Environmental Law | journal = [[The Yale Law Journal|Yale Law Journal]] | volume = 83 | issue = 7 | pages = 1315–48 | year = 1974 | jstor = 795326 }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | title = Structural Due Process | journal = [[Harvard Civil Rights–Civil Liberties Law Review]] | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = 269–312 | year = 1975 }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | title = Intergovernmental Federalism in Litigation, Taxation, and Regulation: Separation of Powers Issues in Controversies about Federalism | journal = Harvard Law Review | volume = 89 | issue = 4 | pages = 682–713 | year = 1976 | jstor = 1340218 }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | title = Unraveling ''National League of Cities'': The New Federalism and Affirmative Rights to Essential Government Services | journal = Harvard Law Review | volume = 90 | issue = 6 | pages = 1065–1104 | year = 1977 |jstor = 1340227 }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | title = The Puzzling Persistence of Process-Based Constitutional Theories | journal = Yale Law Journal | volume = 89 | issue = 6 | pages = 1063–80 | year = 1980 | jstor = 796023 }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | title = Constitutional Calculus: Equal Justice or Economic Efficiency? | journal = Harvard Law Review | volume = 98 | issue = 3 | pages = 592–621 | year = 1985 | jstor = 1340870 }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | title = The Curvature of Constitutional Space: What Lawyers Can Learn from Modern Physics | journal = Harvard Law Review | volume = 103 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–39 | year = 1989 | jstor = 1341407 }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | title = Taking Text and Structure Seriously: Reflections on Free-Form Method in Constitutional Interpretation | journal = Harvard Law Review | volume = 108 | issue = 6 | pages = 1221–1303 | year = 1995 | jstor = 1341856 }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | first2 = Michael C. | last2 = Dorf | authorlink2=Michael C. Dorf | title = Levels of Generality in the Definition of Rights | journal = [[University of Chicago Law Review]] | volume = 57 | issue = 7 | pages = 1057–1108 | year = 1990 | url = https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclrev/vol57/iss4/1/ }} * {{cite journal | first = Laurence H. | last = Tribe | author-mask = 1 | title = ''Lawrence v. Texas'': The 'Fundamental Right' That Dare Not Speak Its Name | journal = Harvard Law Review | volume = 117 | issue = 6 | pages = 1893–1956 | year = 2004 | jstor = 4093306 }} == See also == * [[Bill Clinton Supreme Court candidates]] * [[List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 8)]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Bibliography== * [[Leila Schneps]] and [[Coralie Colmez]], ''[[Math on Trial|Math on trial. How numbers get used and abused in the courtroom]]'', Basic Books, Chapter 2 (2013); {{ISBN|978-0-465-03292-1}}. ==External links== {{wikiquote}} *[https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10899/Tribe Laurence H. Tribe | Harvard Law School] *{{Charlie Rose view|418}} *[http://www.scotusblog.com/author/laurence-tribe Laurence Tribe essays] at [[ScotusBlog]] * washingtonpost.com May 13, 2017: [https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/trump-must-be-impeached-heres-why/2017/05/13/82ce2ea4-374d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html ''Trump must be impeached. Here’s why.''] * {{C-SPAN|411}} {{Jurisprudence}} {{Authority control}} {{Portal bar|Law|United States}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tribe, Laurence}} [[Category:1941 births]] [[Category:American legal writers]] [[Category:Chinese Jews]] [[Category:Educators from Shanghai]] [[Category:Harvard College alumni]] [[Category:Harvard Law School alumni]] [[Category:Harvard Law School faculty]] [[Category:American Jews]] [[Category:American lawyers]] [[Category:Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States]] [[Category:Lawyers from San Francisco]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American scholars of constitutional law]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ambox" title="Template:Ambox">Template:Ambox</a> 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