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63rem){.ssrcss-qgttmg-AccountText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:block;border-left:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;height:1.5rem;margin-top:1rem;}}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En{-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(8){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;margin-left:0.5rem;}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-1paxuuj-NavigationLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;}.ssrcss-1paxuuj-NavigationLink:hover .eki2hvo20::after,.ssrcss-1paxuuj-NavigationLink:focus .eki2hvo20::after,.ssrcss-1paxuuj-NavigationLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo20::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1paxuuj-NavigationLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-583jps-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-583jps-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-583jps-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-583jps-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-583jps-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid 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37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct#more-menu-button{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;max-width:3rem;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;}}.ssrcss-cm7xyi-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;min-width:2.75rem;margin-top:-0.25rem;}.ssrcss-cm7xyi-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:hover .eki2hvo20::after,.ssrcss-cm7xyi-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:focus .eki2hvo20::after,.ssrcss-cm7xyi-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo20::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-cm7xyi-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 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no-preference){.ssrcss-1haxo67-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1haxo67-NavItemHoverState{width:2rem;}}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.25rem;height:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper>svg{vertical-align:0.1875rem;}}.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;padding-left:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{padding-left:0;}}.ssrcss-yh2b0z-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2.5rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-yh2b0z-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-yh2b0z-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-yh2b0z-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-yh2b0z-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-yh2b0z-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-yh2b0z-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;width:1.5rem;height:1.375rem;vertical-align:-0.5em;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1xu0338-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1xu0338-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-1xu0338-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1xu0338-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1xu0338-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;background:none;min-width:2.75rem;text-align:center;margin-top:-0.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover .eki2hvo20::after,.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus .eki2hvo20::after,.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo20::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus,.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:3rem;width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink{background:#E6E8EA;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:1rem;padding:0.75rem 0.625rem;margin-left:0.5rem;min-width:11.25rem;}.ssrcss-1iq2rry-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{display:none;}}.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.625rem;height:1.625rem;vertical-align:middle;color:#000000;width:1.75rem;height:1.8125rem;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1.375rem;height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1rem;height:1rem;vertical-align:-0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-1tt7th2-SearchText{padding-left:0.5rem;color:#000000;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1tt7th2-SearchText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;}}.ssrcss-1khdpny-GlobalNavigationDrawer{overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1khdpny-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-property:max-height,height;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);transition-delay:0s,0s,0.4s;transition-duration:0.4s,0.4s,0s;}.ssrcss-1khdpny-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-property:max-height,height,display;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1khdpny-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-duration:0.2s,0.2s,0s;}}}.ssrcss-1khdpny-GlobalNavigationDrawer:focus{outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;}.ssrcss-1ivbxxw-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu{height:0;}.ssrcss-1ivbxxw-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{visibility:visible;display:block;height:20rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1ivbxxw-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1ivbxxw-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:8.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1ivbxxw-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}.ssrcss-1obp207-MenuWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En:focus{outline:none;}.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En>li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En>li{-webkit-flex-basis:auto;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto;}}@supports (display: grid){.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En{display:grid;grid-gap:0 0.5rem;gap:0 0.5rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(7.5rem, 1fr));}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}}.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En>li{min-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En >li{padding-right:1.25rem;}.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-10cgzye-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:none;}}.ssrcss-m7ej3o-MenuLinkListItem{height:3.5rem;margin:0.25rem 0;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;}.ssrcss-m7ej3o-MenuLinkListItem:focus>*::after,.ssrcss-m7ej3o-MenuLinkListItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-1pmm1c3-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1pmm1c3-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#141414;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.5rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}.ssrcss-1pmm1c3-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1pmm1c3-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1pmm1c3-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pmm1c3-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1pmm1c3-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1pmm1c3-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1ejv6c9-CloseButtonWrapper{margin-top:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-xyqpea-CallToActionLink{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;padding:calc(0.5rem - 2px) calc(0.75rem - 2px);border:2px solid 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#FFFFFF;outline-offset:calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem);}.ssrcss-1hfawy1-IconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.125rem;height:1.125rem;min-width:1.25rem;vertical-align:middle;}.ssrcss-1hzm4i8-ProductNavigationContainer{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;background-color:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;position:relative;}.ssrcss-1o55znp-Masthead{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;background:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;}.ssrcss-12x0ma7-ContentWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-kpltdl-LogoWrapper{margin:0.25rem 0;}.ssrcss-1vyfvn-LogoLink{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:auto;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none),(-ms-high-contrast: active){.ssrcss-1vyfvn-LogoLink{width:100%;}}.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{display:block;padding:calc(0.75rem - 0.25rem) 0;height:1.625rem;fill:currentcolor;max-width:10rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{padding:calc(0.875rem - 0.25rem) 0;height:1.75rem;max-width:15.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{padding:calc(1rem - 0.25rem) 0;max-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-as2ggt-Navigation{border-top:0.0625rem solid #DB7F7F;}}html.no-js .ssrcss-wlpshj-MainNavBarContainer{border-bottom:0.25rem solid #B80000;}.ssrcss-325dy3-MenuContainer-PrimaryNavBarContainer{background-color:#FFFFFF;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-325dy3-MenuContainer-PrimaryNavBarContainer{background-color:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;}}.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{margin:0 -0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{margin:0 -1rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;}.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer .e14xdrat1 .eis6szr3:not(:last-of-type) .eis6szr2 .eis6szr1{border-right-style:solid;border-right-width:0.0625rem;border-right-color:#DB7F7F;}}.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer{position:absolute;right:0.5rem;top:0.25rem;background-color:transparent;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer{top:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591{border:0.0625rem solid;border-color:#DB7F7F;}.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:hover,.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:focus,.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:active{color:#141414;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-color:transparent;}.ssrcss-1omh580-StyledToggle{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;position:relative;padding:0.5rem;cursor:pointer;color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#B80000;border:none;}html.no-js .ssrcss-1omh580-StyledToggle{background-color:#FFFFFF;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1omh580-StyledToggle{min-height:2.375rem;}@media (pointer: 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37.5rem){.ssrcss-1oh7j5p-StyledMenuList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;position:relative;left:-0.5rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-1oh7j5p-StyledMenuList{-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;}}}.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #8A8C8E;position:relative;break-inside:avoid;margin:0;padding:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{border-bottom:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;}}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0.25rem 0 0.25rem 0.5rem;color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;min-height:2.375rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{min-height:2.75rem;}}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:hover,.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:focus{background-color:#E6E8EA;}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:focus-visible{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem) #FFFFFF;outline:0.125rem solid #000000;outline-offset:-0.125rem;}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink::after{content:none;position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0;width:0.25rem;height:100%;background-color:#B80000;}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:active::after{content:'';}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:focus-visible::after{content:none;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{padding-left:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{width:auto;padding-left:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:hover,.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#FFFFFF;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink::after{background-color:#FFFFFF;width:100%;height:0.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{padding-left:0;width:auto;color:#FFFFFF;}}.ssrcss-1u47p8g-LinkTextContainer{line-height:1.125rem;padding:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1u47p8g-LinkTextContainer{padding:0 0.45rem;}}.ssrcss-16neiqp-StyledLink{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0.25rem 0 0.25rem 0.5rem;color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;min-height:2.375rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-16neiqp-StyledLink{min-height:2.75rem;}}.ssrcss-16neiqp-StyledLink:hover,.ssrcss-16neiqp-StyledLink:focus{background-color:#E6E8EA;}.ssrcss-16neiqp-StyledLink:focus-visible{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem) #FFFFFF;outline:0.125rem solid 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https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg.webp 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg.webp 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg.webp 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="A general view of a street near the city market in Bujumbura, Burundi, on March 14, 2022" loading="eager" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg 976w" width="976" height="549" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Getty Images</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The commercial capital, Bujumbura. Burundi is classified as one of the poorest nations in the world in terms of GDP per capita, according to the World Bank</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Chronology-of-key-events" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-1ipj56t-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Chronology of key events:</span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1500s </b>- Distinct Burundian kingdom emerges.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1890 </b>- The kingdoms of Urundi (Burundi) and neighbouring Ruanda (Rwanda) incorporated into German East Africa.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1916 </b>- Belgian army occupies the area.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1923 </b>- Belgium receives League of Nations mandate to administer Ruanda-Urundi.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1959 </b>- Influx of Tutsi refugees from Ruandan half of the territory following ethnic violence there.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1959-1961</b> - Independence drive led by cross-communal UPRONA party of Prince Louis Rwagasore, which wins 1961 legislative elections. Prince Louis becomes prime minister of Ruanda-Urundi but is assassinated shortly afterwards. (NOTE Rwagasore was Prime minister of only Burundi. Though the Ruanda-Urundi territory was under the same colonial administration with a resident general, each country had its own local administration topped by the King as Head of state. Ruanda had its own King, and Burundi had its own).</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1962 </b>- Burundi and Rwanda become independent as separate nations. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1965 </b>- King Mwambutsa refuses to appoint a Hutu prime minister after Hutus win a majority in parliamentary elections; attempted coup put down by army chief Michel Micombero.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1966 </b>- Michel Micombero abolishes the monarchy and declares himself president.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1972 </b>- About 120,000 Hutus are massacred by government forces and their supporters in the wake of a Hutu-led uprising in the south. Thousands of Hutus flee to Rwanda.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1976 </b>- President Micombero is deposed in a military coup by Jean-Baptiste Bagaza.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1981 </b>- A new constitution makes Burundi a one-party state under Uprona.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1987 </b>- President Bagaza is deposed in a coup led by Pierre Buyoya.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1988 </b>- Some Burundi Hutu refugees make an incursion from Rwanda into northern Burundi and massacre Tutsi people. Thousands odf Hutus are killed in subsequent Tutsi-dominated military reprisals in the area.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1992 </b>- New constitution providing for a multiparty system is adopted in a referendum.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1993</b> - Melchior Ndadaye's Frodebu wins multi-party polls, ending military rule and leading to the installation of a pro-Hutu government.</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-8589xk-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-5zsoxt-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg.webp 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg.webp 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg.webp 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg.webp 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg.webp 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Melchior Ndadaye" loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg 976w" width="976" height="549" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Getty Images</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Melchior Ndadaye was assassinated in 1993</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1993 </b>October - Tutsi soldiers assassinate President Ndadaye. In revenge, some Frodebu members massacre Tutsis, and the army begins reprisals. Burundi is plunged into an ethnic conflict which claims some 300,000 lives.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1994 </b>January- Parliament appoints a Hutu, Cyprien Ntaryamira, as president.</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-8589xk-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-5zsoxt-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg.webp 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg.webp 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg.webp 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg.webp 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg.webp 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Wreckage from plane crash in which Burundi's former President Ntaryamira and his Rwandan opposite number died in 1994" loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg 976w" width="976" height="549" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>AFP</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Wreckage from the plane crash in which killed Burundi's former President Ntaryamira and his Rwandan opposite number</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1994 </b>April - Plane carrying President Ntaryamira and his Rwandan counterpart is shot down over the Rwandan capital Kigali, killing both and triggering genocide in Rwanda in which 800,000 are killed.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1994 </b>October - Parliament speaker Sylvestre Ntibantunganya appointed president.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1995 </b>- Massacre of Hutu refugees leads to renewed ethnic violence in the capital, Bujumbura.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">Buyoya </b><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">returns</b></p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-8589xk-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-12jfuxk-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg.webp 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg.webp 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg.webp 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg.webp 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg.webp 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Pierre Buyoya" loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg 976w" width="976" height="650" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Getty Images</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Pierre Buyoya (R) seized power twice</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">1996 </b>- Ex-president Buyoya seizes power.</p></div></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Transitional-government" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-1ipj56t-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Transitional government</span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2001 </b>October - Talks brokered by South African President Nelson Mandela lead to installation of transitional government, but main Hutu rebel groups refuse to sign and fighting intensifies.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2003 </b>April - Domitien Ndayizeye - a Hutu - succeeds Pierre Buyoya as president, under terms of three-year, power-sharing transitional government inaugurated in 2001.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2003 </b>July - Major rebel assault on Bujumbura. Some 300 rebels and 15 government soldiers are killed. Thousands flee their homes.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2003 </b>November - President Ndayizeye and Hutu rebel group Forces for Defence of Democracy (FDD) leader Pierre Nkurunziza sign agreement to end the civil war at summit of African leaders in Tanzania. Smaller Hutu rebel group, Forces for National Liberation (FNL), remains active.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2004 </b>- UN force takes over peacekeeping duties from African Union troops.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2005 </b>January - President signs law to set up new national army, incorporating government forces and all but one Hutu rebel group, the FNL.</p></div></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Nkurunziza-becomes-president" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-1ipj56t-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Nkurunziza becomes president</span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2005 </b>August - Pierre Nkurunziza, from the Hutu FDD group, is elected as president by the two houses of parliament. The FDD won parliamentary elections in June.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2006 </b>April - A curfew, imposed during the violence of 1972, is lifted.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2006 </b>September - The last major rebel group, the Forces for National Liberation (FNL), and the government sign a ceasefire at talks in Tanzania. Sporadic clashes recur over the next two years.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2007 </b>February - UN shuts down its peacekeeping mission and refocuses its operations on helping with reconstruction.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2007 </b>April - DR Congo, Rwanda and Burundi relaunch the regional economic bloc - Great Lakes Countries Economic Community - known under its French acronym CEPGL.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2007 </b>December - Burundian soldiers join African Union peacekeepers in Somalia.</p></div></div><div id="piano-inline1"></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Peace-agreement" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-1ipj56t-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Peace agreement</span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2009 </b>March - The Paris Club of creditor nations cancels all of the $134.3m debt Burundi owed to its members.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2009 </b>April - FNL lays down arms and officially becomes a political party in a ceremony supervised by the African Union.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2010 </b>June - President Nkurunziza re-elected in uncontested poll after main opposition parties boycott the vote.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2013 </b>June - President Nkurunziza approves new media law which critics condemn as an attack on press freedom. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2013 </b>August - The leader of the former rebel FML, Agathon Rwasa, resurfaces after three years in hiding and says he will stand in the 2015 presidential election.</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-8589xk-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-5zsoxt-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg.webp 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg.webp 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg.webp 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg.webp 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg.webp 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Burundian soldier in Somalia" loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg 976w" width="976" height="549" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Getty Images</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Burundian troops have been part of an African Union peacekeeping mission in Somalia since 2007 and have suffered some casualties</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2014 </b>March - Parliament blocks a government attempt to introduce changes to the constitution seen as threatening the balance of power between the country's main ethnic groups.</p></div></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Authoritarian-moves" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-1ipj56t-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Authoritarian moves</span></h2></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-8589xk-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-5zsoxt-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg.webp 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg.webp 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg.webp 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg.webp 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg.webp 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Burundians protest in the capital Bujumbura against plans by President Pierre Nkurunziza to stand for a third term." loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg 976w" width="976" height="549" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>AFP</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">President Pierre Nkurunziza's decision to stand for a third term prompted months of protests</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2015 </b>May - Constitutional Court rules in favour of President Nkurunziza's decision to stand for a third term, amid reports of judges being intimidated. Protestors take to the streets and tens of thousands flee the violence. An army officer's coup attempt fails.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2015 </b>July - President Nkurunziza wins a third term in the presidential election with 70% of the vote. Opposition leader Agathon Rwasa describes the polls as a "joke".</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2016 </b>January - President Nkurunziza threatens to counter the deployment of external peacekeepers after the African Union announces plans to send in 5,000 troops to protect civilians from escalating violence between government and rebel forces.</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-8589xk-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-5zsoxt-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/21DD/production/_104596680_burundi.png.webp 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/21DD/production/_104596680_burundi.png.webp 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/21DD/production/_104596680_burundi.png.webp 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/21DD/production/_104596680_burundi.png.webp 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/21DD/production/_104596680_burundi.png.webp 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/21DD/production/_104596680_burundi.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Burundian President Pierre Nkurunziza" loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/21DD/production/_104596680_burundi.png" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/21DD/production/_104596680_burundi.png 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/21DD/production/_104596680_burundi.png 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/21DD/production/_104596680_burundi.png 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/21DD/production/_104596680_burundi.png 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/21DD/production/_104596680_burundi.png 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240712092125im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/21DD/production/_104596680_burundi.png 976w" width="976" height="549" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Sean Gallup/Getty Images</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Critics accused Pierre Nkurunziza of authoritarian tendencies</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2016</b> March - With the political situation showing little sign of improvement, the EU announces that it is suspending direct financial aid to the Burundian government.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2017 </b>October - Burundi becomes the first ever country to leave the International Criminal Court (ICC).</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2017 </b>November - ICC judges approve the opening of a full investigation into alleged crimes against humanity in Burundi, where at least 1,200 people have died in unrest since 2015.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2018 </b>May - Official results say a referendum backed constitutional reforms that could allow President Nkurunziza to stay in office for another sixteen years. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2018 </b>December - Burundi issues international arrest warrant for former president Pierre Buyoya over the killing of President Melchior Ndadaye in 1993. Mr Buyoya's supporters say the move is politically motivated.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2019 </b>April - Capital moved to Gitega, although Bujumbura remains the commercial capital.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">2020 </b>June - Former Hutu rebel leader Evariste Ndayishimiye takes office as president, a week after President Pierre Nkurunziza died suddenly in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic.</p></div></div></article></main><aside id="mpu-main-aside-content" data-testid="mpu-main-aside-content" aria-label="mpu-main" aria-hidden="true" label="mpu-main"></aside><aside id="content-rec-aside-content" data-testid="content-rec-aside-content" aria-label="content-rec" aria-hidden="true" label="content-rec"></aside></div><div class="ssrcss-115e9m-StyledZone e1mcntqj3"><aside id="topStories-label-aside-content" data-testid="topStories-label-aside-content" 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Burundi is classified as one of the poorest nations in the world in terms of GDP per capita, according to the World Bank\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"A general view of a street near the city market in Bujumbura, Burundi, on March 14, 2022\",\"copyright\":\"Getty Images\",\"height\":549,\"width\":976,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1121B/production/_127517107_gettyimages-1240610226.jpg 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Chronology of key events:\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Chronology of key events:\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Chronology-of-key-events\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1500s - Distinct Burundian kingdom emerges.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1500s \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- Distinct Burundian kingdom emerges.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1890 - The kingdoms of Urundi (Burundi) and neighbouring Ruanda (Rwanda) incorporated into German East Africa.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1890 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- The kingdoms of Urundi (Burundi) and neighbouring Ruanda (Rwanda) incorporated into German East Africa.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1916 - Belgian army occupies the area.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1916 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- Belgian army occupies the area.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1923 - Belgium receives League of Nations mandate to administer Ruanda-Urundi.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1923 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- Belgium receives League of Nations mandate to administer Ruanda-Urundi.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1959 - Influx of Tutsi refugees from Ruandan half of the territory following ethnic violence there.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1959 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- Influx of Tutsi refugees from Ruandan half of the territory following ethnic violence there.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1959-1961 - Independence drive led by cross-communal UPRONA party of Prince Louis Rwagasore, which wins 1961 legislative elections. Prince Louis becomes prime minister of Ruanda-Urundi but is assassinated shortly afterwards. (NOTE Rwagasore was Prime minister of only Burundi. Though the Ruanda-Urundi territory was under the same colonial administration with a resident general, each country had its own local administration topped by the King as Head of state. Ruanda had its own King, and Burundi had its own).\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1959-1961\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" - Independence drive led by cross-communal UPRONA party of Prince Louis Rwagasore, which wins 1961 legislative elections. Prince Louis becomes prime minister of Ruanda-Urundi but is assassinated shortly afterwards. (NOTE Rwagasore was Prime minister of only Burundi. Though the Ruanda-Urundi territory was under the same colonial administration with a resident general, each country had its own local administration topped by the King as Head of state. Ruanda had its own King, and Burundi had its own).\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1962 - Burundi and Rwanda become independent as separate nations. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1962 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- Burundi and Rwanda become independent as separate nations. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1965 - King Mwambutsa refuses to appoint a Hutu prime minister after Hutus win a majority in parliamentary elections; attempted coup put down by army chief Michel Micombero.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1965 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- King Mwambutsa refuses to appoint a Hutu prime minister after Hutus win a majority in parliamentary elections; attempted coup put down by army chief Michel Micombero.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1966 - Michel Micombero abolishes the monarchy and declares himself president.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1966 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- Michel Micombero abolishes the monarchy and declares himself president.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1972 - About 120,000 Hutus are massacred by government forces and their supporters in the wake of a Hutu-led uprising in the south. Thousands of Hutus flee to Rwanda.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1972 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- About 120,000 Hutus are massacred by government forces and their supporters in the wake of a Hutu-led uprising in the south. Thousands of Hutus flee to Rwanda.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1976 - President Micombero is deposed in a military coup by Jean-Baptiste Bagaza.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1976 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- President Micombero is deposed in a military coup by Jean-Baptiste Bagaza.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1981 - A new constitution makes Burundi a one-party state under Uprona.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1981 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- A new constitution makes Burundi a one-party state under Uprona.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1987 - President Bagaza is deposed in a coup led by Pierre Buyoya.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1987 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- President Bagaza is deposed in a coup led by Pierre Buyoya.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1988 - Some Burundi Hutu refugees make an incursion from Rwanda into northern Burundi and massacre Tutsi people. Thousands odf Hutus are killed in subsequent Tutsi-dominated military reprisals in the area.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1988 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- Some Burundi Hutu refugees make an incursion from Rwanda into northern Burundi and massacre Tutsi people. Thousands odf Hutus are killed in subsequent Tutsi-dominated military reprisals in the area.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1992 - New constitution providing for a multiparty system is adopted in a referendum.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1992 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- New constitution providing for a multiparty system is adopted in a referendum.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1993 - Melchior Ndadaye's Frodebu wins multi-party polls, ending military rule and leading to the installation of a pro-Hutu government.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1993\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" - Melchior Ndadaye's Frodebu wins multi-party polls, ending military rule and leading to the installation of a pro-Hutu government.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Melchior Ndadaye was assassinated in 1993\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Melchior Ndadaye was assassinated in 1993\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Melchior Ndadaye\",\"copyright\":\"Getty Images\",\"height\":549,\"width\":976,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/14744/production/_104608738_burundi_melchior_ndadaye_976.jpg 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1993 October - Tutsi soldiers assassinate President Ndadaye. In revenge, some Frodebu members massacre Tutsis, and the army begins reprisals. Burundi is plunged into an ethnic conflict which claims some 300,000 lives.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1993 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"October - Tutsi soldiers assassinate President Ndadaye. In revenge, some Frodebu members massacre Tutsis, and the army begins reprisals. Burundi is plunged into an ethnic conflict which claims some 300,000 lives.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1994 January- Parliament appoints a Hutu, Cyprien Ntaryamira, as president.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1994 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"January- Parliament appoints a Hutu, Cyprien Ntaryamira, as president.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Wreckage from the plane crash in which killed Burundi's former President Ntaryamira and his Rwandan opposite number\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Wreckage from the plane crash in which killed Burundi's former President Ntaryamira and his Rwandan opposite number\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Wreckage from plane crash in which Burundi's former President Ntaryamira and his Rwandan opposite number died in 1994\",\"copyright\":\"AFP\",\"height\":549,\"width\":976,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/14BF4/production/_104608948_burundi_ntarya_crash_976.jpg 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1994 April - Plane carrying President Ntaryamira and his Rwandan counterpart is shot down over the Rwandan capital Kigali, killing both and triggering genocide in Rwanda in which 800,000 are killed.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1994 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"April - Plane carrying President Ntaryamira and his Rwandan counterpart is shot down over the Rwandan capital Kigali, killing both and triggering genocide in Rwanda in which 800,000 are killed.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1994 October - Parliament speaker Sylvestre Ntibantunganya appointed president.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1994 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"October - Parliament speaker Sylvestre Ntibantunganya appointed president.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1995 - Massacre of Hutu refugees leads to renewed ethnic violence in the capital, Bujumbura.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1995 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- Massacre of Hutu refugees leads to renewed ethnic violence in the capital, Bujumbura.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Buyoya returns\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Buyoya \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"returns\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Pierre Buyoya (R) seized power twice\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Pierre Buyoya (R) seized power twice\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Pierre Buyoya\",\"copyright\":\"Getty Images\",\"height\":650,\"width\":976,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/39BC/production/_104608741_burundi_pierre_976.jpg 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1996 - Ex-president Buyoya seizes power.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"1996 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- Ex-president Buyoya seizes power.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Transitional government\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Transitional government\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Transitional-government\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2001 October - Talks brokered by South African President Nelson Mandela lead to installation of transitional government, but main Hutu rebel groups refuse to sign and fighting intensifies.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2001 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"October - Talks brokered by South African President Nelson Mandela lead to installation of transitional government, but main Hutu rebel groups refuse to sign and fighting intensifies.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2003 April - Domitien Ndayizeye - a Hutu - succeeds Pierre Buyoya as president, under terms of three-year, power-sharing transitional government inaugurated in 2001.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2003 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"April - Domitien Ndayizeye - a Hutu - succeeds Pierre Buyoya as president, under terms of three-year, power-sharing transitional government inaugurated in 2001.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2003 July - Major rebel assault on Bujumbura. Some 300 rebels and 15 government soldiers are killed. Thousands flee their homes.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2003 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"July - Major rebel assault on Bujumbura. Some 300 rebels and 15 government soldiers are killed. Thousands flee their homes.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2003 November - President Ndayizeye and Hutu rebel group Forces for Defence of Democracy (FDD) leader Pierre Nkurunziza sign agreement to end the civil war at summit of African leaders in Tanzania. Smaller Hutu rebel group, Forces for National Liberation (FNL), remains active.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2003 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"November - President Ndayizeye and Hutu rebel group Forces for Defence of Democracy (FDD) leader Pierre Nkurunziza sign agreement to end the civil war at summit of African leaders in Tanzania. Smaller Hutu rebel group, Forces for National Liberation (FNL), remains active.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2004 - UN force takes over peacekeeping duties from African Union troops.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2004 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"- UN force takes over peacekeeping duties from African Union troops.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2005 January - President signs law to set up new national army, incorporating government forces and all but one Hutu rebel group, the FNL.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2005 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"January - President signs law to set up new national army, incorporating government forces and all but one Hutu rebel group, the FNL.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Nkurunziza becomes president\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Nkurunziza becomes president\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Nkurunziza-becomes-president\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2005 August - Pierre Nkurunziza, from the Hutu FDD group, is elected as president by the two houses of parliament. The FDD won parliamentary elections in June.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2005 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"August - Pierre Nkurunziza, from the Hutu FDD group, is elected as president by the two houses of parliament. The FDD won parliamentary elections in June.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2006 April - A curfew, imposed during the violence of 1972, is lifted.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2006 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"April - A curfew, imposed during the violence of 1972, is lifted.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2006 September - The last major rebel group, the Forces for National Liberation (FNL), and the government sign a ceasefire at talks in Tanzania. Sporadic clashes recur over the next two years.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2006 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"September - The last major rebel group, the Forces for National Liberation (FNL), and the government sign a ceasefire at talks in Tanzania. Sporadic clashes recur over the next two years.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2007 February - UN shuts down its peacekeeping mission and refocuses its operations on helping with reconstruction.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2007 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"February - UN shuts down its peacekeeping mission and refocuses its operations on helping with reconstruction.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2007 April - DR Congo, Rwanda and Burundi relaunch the regional economic bloc - Great Lakes Countries Economic Community - known under its French acronym CEPGL.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2007 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"April - DR Congo, Rwanda and Burundi relaunch the regional economic bloc - Great Lakes Countries Economic Community - known under its French acronym CEPGL.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2007 December - Burundian soldiers join African Union peacekeepers in Somalia.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2007 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"December - Burundian soldiers join African Union peacekeepers in Somalia.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Peace agreement\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Peace agreement\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Peace-agreement\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2009 March - The Paris Club of creditor nations cancels all of the $134.3m debt Burundi owed to its members.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2009 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"March - The Paris Club of creditor nations cancels all of the $134.3m debt Burundi owed to its members.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2009 April - FNL lays down arms and officially becomes a political party in a ceremony supervised by the African Union.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2009 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"April - FNL lays down arms and officially becomes a political party in a ceremony supervised by the African Union.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2010 June - President Nkurunziza re-elected in uncontested poll after main opposition parties boycott the vote.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2010 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"June - President Nkurunziza re-elected in uncontested poll after main opposition parties boycott the vote.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2013 June - President Nkurunziza approves new media law which critics condemn as an attack on press freedom. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2013 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"June - President Nkurunziza approves new media law which critics condemn as an attack on press freedom. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2013 August - The leader of the former rebel FML, Agathon Rwasa, resurfaces after three years in hiding and says he will stand in the 2015 presidential election.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2013 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"August - The leader of the former rebel FML, Agathon Rwasa, resurfaces after three years in hiding and says he will stand in the 2015 presidential election.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Burundian troops have been part of an African Union peacekeeping mission in Somalia since 2007 and have suffered some casualties\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Burundian troops have been part of an African Union peacekeeping mission in Somalia since 2007 and have suffered some casualties\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Burundian soldier in Somalia\",\"copyright\":\"Getty Images\",\"height\":549,\"width\":976,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/3E6C/production/_104608951_burundi_somalia_976.jpg 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2014 March - Parliament blocks a government attempt to introduce changes to the constitution seen as threatening the balance of power between the country's main ethnic groups.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2014 \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"March - Parliament blocks a government attempt to introduce changes to the constitution seen as threatening the balance of power between the country's main ethnic groups.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Authoritarian moves\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Authoritarian moves\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Authoritarian-moves\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"President Pierre Nkurunziza's decision to stand for a third term prompted months of protests\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"President Pierre Nkurunziza's decision to stand for a third term prompted months of protests\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Burundians protest in the capital Bujumbura against plans by President Pierre Nkurunziza to stand for a third term.\",\"copyright\":\"AFP\",\"height\":549,\"width\":976,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/F92B/production/_84578736_musagabujumburademo_280415_afp.jpg 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"2015 May - 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