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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_racism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 On racism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_racism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Selected awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Literary Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Literary_Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Literary Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Literary_Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nonfiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nonfiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Nonfiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nonfiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Poetry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Adrienne Rich</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" > 40 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="أدريان ريتش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أدريان ريتش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienna_Ri%C3%A7" title="Adrienna Riç – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adrienna Riç" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86" title="آدرین ریچ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آدرین ریچ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Richov%C3%A1" title="Adrienne Richová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Adrienne Richová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD_%CE%A1%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%82" title="Αντριέν Ριτς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντριέν Ριτς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86" title="آدرین ریچ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آدرین ریچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%88_%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%98" title="아드리안 리치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아드리안 리치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Ադրիեննա Ռիչ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ադրիեննա Ռիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A" title="एड्रियेन रिच – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एड्रियेन रिच" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A5%27" title="אדריאן ריץ' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדריאן ריץ'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98" title="ადრიანა რიჩი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ადრიანა რიჩი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadriana_Rich" title="Hadriana Rich – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hadriana Rich" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D" title="അഡ്രിയൻ റിച്ച് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അഡ്രിയൻ റിച്ച്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="ادريان ريتش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادريان ريتش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8C%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%81" title="アドリエンヌ・リッチ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アドリエンヌ・リッチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9A" title="ਐਡਰੀਨ ਰਿਚ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਡਰੀਨ ਰਿਚ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87,_%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рич, Адриенна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рич, Адриенна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Adrienne Rich" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87" title="Адрієнн Річ – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Адрієнн Річ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%BD%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87" title="艾德丽安·里奇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾德丽安·里奇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q270705#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Adrienne_Rich" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American poet, essayist and feminist (1929–2012)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Adrienne Rich</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Adrienne_Rich_1980.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rich in 1980"><img alt="Rich in 1980" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Adrienne_Rich_1980.jpg/220px-Adrienne_Rich_1980.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="451" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Adrienne_Rich_1980.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="457" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Rich in 1980</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Adrienne Cecile Rich (1929-05-16)May 16, 1929 <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">March 27, 2012(2012-03-27) (aged 82) <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California" title="Santa Cruz, California">Santa Cruz, California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Poet</li> <li>non-fiction writer</li> <li>essayist</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">Poetry, non-fiction</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Diving Into the Wreck and The Trees</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a> 1974 <a href="/wiki/Bollingen_Prize" title="Bollingen Prize">Bollingen Prize</a> 2003 <a href="/wiki/Griffin_Poetry_Prize" title="Griffin Poetry Prize">Griffin Poetry Prize</a> 2010 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Haskell_Conrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Haskell Conrad">Alfred Haskell Conrad</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1953; died 1970)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Cliff" title="Michelle Cliff">Michelle Cliff</a> (1976–2012)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">3</td></tr></tbody></table> Adrienne Cecile Rich (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈædriən/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">AD-ree-ən</a>; May 16, 1929 – March 27, 2012) was an American poet, essayist and <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminist</a>. She was called "one of the most widely read and influential poets of the second half of the 20th century",<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> and was credited with bringing "the <a href="/wiki/Oppression_of_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Oppression of women">oppression of women</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">lesbians</a> to the forefront of poetic discourse".<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Rich criticized rigid forms of feminist identities, and valorized what she coined the "lesbian continuum", which is a female continuum of solidarity and creativity that impacts and fills women's lives.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Her first collection of poetry, A Change of World, was selected by icon <a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">W. H. Auden</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Yale_Series_of_Younger_Poets_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale Series of Younger Poets Award">Yale Series of Younger Poets Award</a>. Auden went on to write the introduction to the book. Rich famously declined the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> to protest <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a>'s vote to end funding for the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> Adrienne Cecile Rich was born in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland, on May 16, 1929,<a href="#cite_note-nytobit-5">[5]</a> the elder of two sisters. Her father, pathologist <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Rice_Rich" title="Arnold Rice Rich">Arnold Rice Rich</a>, was the chairman of <a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">pathology</a> at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins Medical School">The Johns Hopkins Medical School</a>. Her mother, Helen Elizabeth (Jones) Rich,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> was a concert pianist and a composer. Her father was from a Jewish family,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> and her mother was a Southern Protestant;<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> the girls were raised as Christians. Her paternal grandfather Samuel Rice was an <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a> immigrant from <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a> in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (present day <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Slovakia" title="History of the Jews in Slovakia">Slovakia</a>), while his mother was a <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardic Jew</a> from <a href="/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi">Vicksburg, Mississippi</a>. Samuel Rice owned a successful shoe store in Birmingham.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Adrienne Rich's early poetic influence stemmed from her father, who encouraged her to read but also to write poetry. Her interest in literature was sparked within her father's library, where she read the work of writers such as <a href="/wiki/Ibsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibsen">Ibsen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Shuman1278-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">Keats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti" title="Dante Gabriel Rossetti">Dante Gabriel Rossetti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Tennyson</a>. Her father was ambitious for Adrienne and "planned to create a prodigy". Adrienne Rich and her younger sister were home schooled by their mother until Adrienne commenced public education in the fourth grade. The poems Sources and After Dark document her relationship with her father, describing how she worked hard to fulfill her parents' ambitions—moving into a world in which excellence was expected.<a href="#cite_note-Shuman1278-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In later years, Rich went to <a href="/wiki/Roland_Park_Country_School" title="Roland Park Country School">Roland Park Country School</a>, which she described as a "good old fashioned girls' school [that] gave us fine role models of single women who were intellectually impassioned."<a href="#cite_note-Martin-12">[12]</a> After graduating from high school, Rich earned her diploma at <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_College" title="Radcliffe College">Radcliffe College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, where she focused on poetry and learning the writing craft, encountering no women teachers at all.<a href="#cite_note-Martin-12">[12]</a> In 1951, her senior year at college, Rich's first collection of poetry, A Change of World, was chosen by the poet <a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">W. H. Auden</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Yale_Series_of_Younger_Poets_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale Series of Younger Poets Award">Yale Series of Younger Poets Award</a>. He went on to write the introduction to the published volume. Following graduation, Rich received a <a href="/wiki/John_Simon_Guggenheim_Memorial_Foundation" title="John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation">Guggenheim Fellowship</a> to study at Oxford for a year. After visiting <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, she chose not to return to Oxford, and spent her remaining time in Europe writing and exploring Italy.<a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career:_1953–75">Early career: 1953–75</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career: 1953–75">edit</a>]</div> In 1953, Rich married <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Haskell_Conrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Haskell Conrad">Alfred Haskell Conrad</a>, an economics professor at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> she had met as an undergraduate. She said of the match: "I married in part because I knew no better way to disconnect from my first family. I wanted what I saw as a full woman's life, whatever was possible."<a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-13">[13]</a> They settled in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, and had three sons. In 1955, she published her second volume, The Diamond Cutters, a collection she said she wished had not been published, saying "a lot of the poems are incredibly derivative," and citing a "pressure to produce again... to make sure I was still a poet."<a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-13">[13]</a> That year she also received the Ridgely Torrence Memorial Award from the Poetry Society of America.<a href="#cite_note-Langdell-14">[14]</a> Her three children were born in 1955 (David), 1957 (Pablo) and 1959 (Jacob). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:300px; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> We are, I am, you are by cowardice or courage the one who find our way back to this scene carrying a knife, a camera a book of myths in which our names do not appear. </div></blockquote> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">—From "Diving into the Wreck" <a href="/wiki/Diving_into_the_Wreck:_Poems_1971%E2%80%931972" title="Diving into the Wreck: Poems 1971–1972">Diving into the Wreck: Poems 1971–1972</a> (1973)<a href="#cite_note-legend-15">[15]</a></cite></div> </div> The 1960s began a period of change in Rich's life: she received the National Institute of Arts and Letters award (1960), her second Guggenheim Fellowship to work at the Netherlands Economic Institute (1961), and the <a href="/wiki/Bollingen_Foundation" title="Bollingen Foundation">Bollingen Foundation</a> grant for the translation of Dutch poetry (1962).<a href="#cite_note-Langdell-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shuman1281-17">[17]</a> In 1963, Rich published her third collection, Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law, which was a much more personal work examining her female identity, reflecting the increasing tensions she experienced as a wife and mother in the 1950s, marking a substantial change in Rich's style and subject matter. In her 1982 essay "<a href="/wiki/Split_at_the_Root:_An_Essay_on_Jewish_Identity" title="Split at the Root: An Essay on Jewish Identity">Split at the Root: An Essay on Jewish Identity</a>", Rich states: "The experience of motherhood was eventually to radicalize me." The book met with harsh reviews. She comments, "I was seen as 'bitter' and 'personal'; and to be personal was to be disqualified, and that was very shaking because I'd really gone out on a limb ... I realised I'd gotten slapped over the wrist, and I didn't attempt that kind of thing again for a long time."<a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-13">[13]</a> Moving her family to New York in 1966, Rich became involved with the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> and became heavily involved in anti-war, civil rights, and feminist activism. Her husband took a teaching position at <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shuman1281-17">[17]</a> In 1968, she signed the "<a href="/wiki/Writers_and_Editors_War_Tax_Protest" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers and Editors War Tax Protest">Writers and Editors War Tax Protest</a>" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Her collections from this period include Necessities of Life (1966), Leaflets (1969), and The Will to Change (1971), which reflect increasingly radical political content and interest in poetic form.<a href="#cite_note-Shuman1281-17">[17]</a> From 1967 to 1969, Rich lectured at <a href="/wiki/Swarthmore_College" title="Swarthmore College">Swarthmore College</a> and taught at Columbia University School of the Arts as an adjunct professor in the Writing Division. Additionally, in 1968, she began teaching in the SEEK program in City College of New York, a position she continued until 1975.<a href="#cite_note-Langdell-14">[14]</a> During this time, Rich also received the Eunice Tietjens Memorial Prize from Poetry Magazine.<a href="#cite_note-Langdell-14">[14]</a> Rich and Conrad hosted anti-war and Black Panther fundraising parties at their apartment. Rising tensions began to split the marriage, and Rich moved out in mid-1970, getting herself a small studio apartment nearby.<a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Shortly afterward, in October, Conrad drove into the woods and shot himself, widowing Rich.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shuman1281-17">[17]</a> In 1971, she was the recipient of the Shelley Memorial Award from the Poetry Society of America and spent the next year and a half teaching at <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a> as the Hurst visiting professor of creative writing.<a href="#cite_note-Langdell-14">[14]</a> Diving into the Wreck, a collection of exploratory and often angry poems, split the 1974 <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award_for_Poetry" title="National Book Award for Poetry">National Book Award for Poetry</a> with <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>, The Fall of America.<a href="#cite_note-nba1974-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poets.org-22">[22]</a> Declining to accept it individually, Rich was joined by the two other feminist poets nominated, <a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a>, to accept it on behalf of all women "whose voices have gone and still go unheard in a patriarchal world."<a href="#cite_note-Shuman1276-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The following year, Rich took up the position of the Lucy Martin Donnelly Fellow at <a href="/wiki/Bryn_Mawr_College" title="Bryn Mawr College">Bryn Mawr College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life:_1976–2012">Later life: 1976–2012</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later life: 1976–2012">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Audre_Lorde,_Meridel_Lesueur,_Adrienne_Rich_1980.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Audre_Lorde%2C_Meridel_Lesueur%2C_Adrienne_Rich_1980.jpg/220px-Audre_Lorde%2C_Meridel_Lesueur%2C_Adrienne_Rich_1980.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Audre_Lorde%2C_Meridel_Lesueur%2C_Adrienne_Rich_1980.jpg/330px-Audre_Lorde%2C_Meridel_Lesueur%2C_Adrienne_Rich_1980.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Audre_Lorde%2C_Meridel_Lesueur%2C_Adrienne_Rich_1980.jpg/440px-Audre_Lorde%2C_Meridel_Lesueur%2C_Adrienne_Rich_1980.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Rich (right), with writers <a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Meridel_Le_Sueur" title="Meridel Le Sueur">Meridel Le Sueur</a> (middle) in Austin, Texas, 1980</figcaption></figure> In 1976, Rich began her partnership with Jamaican-born novelist and editor <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Cliff" title="Michelle Cliff">Michelle Cliff</a>, which lasted until her death. In her controversial work Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution, published the same year, Rich acknowledged that, for her, lesbianism was a political as well as a personal issue, writing, "The suppressed lesbian I had been carrying in me since adolescence began to stretch her limbs."<a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-13">[13]</a> The pamphlet Twenty-One Love Poems (1977), which was incorporated into the following year's Dream of a Common Language (1978), marked the first direct treatment of lesbian desire and sexuality in her writing, themes which run throughout her work afterwards, especially in A Wild Patience Has Taken Me This Far (1981) and some of her late poems in The Fact of a Doorframe (2001).<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In her analytical work Adrienne Rich: the moment of change, Langdell suggests these works represent a central rite of passage for the poet, as she (Rich) crossed a threshold into a newly constellated life and a "new relationship with the universe".<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> During this period, Rich also wrote a number of key socio-political essays, including "<a href="/wiki/Compulsory_Heterosexuality_and_Lesbian_Existence" title="Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence">Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence</a>", one of the first to address the theme of lesbian existence.<a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-13">[13]</a> In this essay, she asks "how and why women's choice of women as passionate comrades, life partners, co-workers, lovers, community, has been crushed, invalidated, forced into hiding".<a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-13">[13]</a> Some of the essays were republished in <a href="/wiki/On_Lies,_Secrets_and_Silence" title="On Lies, Secrets and Silence">On Lies, Secrets and Silence</a>: Selected Prose, 1966–1978 (1979). In integrating such pieces into her work, Rich claimed her sexuality and took a role in leadership for sexual equality.<a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-13">[13]</a> From 1976 to 1979, Rich taught at City College and <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a> as an English professor. In 1979, she received an honorary doctorate from Smith College and moved with Cliff to Montague, MA. Ultimately, they moved to Santa Cruz, where Rich continued her career as a professor, lecturer, poet, and essayist. Rich and Cliff took over editorship of the lesbian arts journal <a href="/wiki/Sinister_Wisdom" title="Sinister Wisdom">Sinister Wisdom</a> (1981–1983).<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-CAWP-29">[29]</a> Rich taught and lectured at <a href="/wiki/UC_Santa_Cruz" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Santa Cruz">UC Santa Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scripps_College" title="Scripps College">Scripps College</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_State_University" title="San Jose State University">San Jose State University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> during the 1980s and 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-CAWP-29">[29]</a> From 1981 to 1987, Rich served as an A.D. White Professor-At-Large for <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Rich published several volumes in the next few years: Your Native Land, Your Life (1986), Blood, Bread, and Poetry (1986), and Time's Power: Poems 1985–1988 (1989). She also was awarded the Ruth Paul Lilly Poetry Prize (1986), the Elmer Holmes Bobst Award in Arts and Letters from <a href="/wiki/NYU" class="mw-redirect" title="NYU">NYU</a>, and the National Poetry Association Award for Distinguished Service to the Art of Poetry (1989).<a href="#cite_note-Langdell-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poets.org-22">[22]</a> In 1977, Rich became an associate of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Institute_for_Freedom_of_the_Press" title="Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press">Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press</a> (WIFP).<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media. <a href="/wiki/Janice_Raymond" title="Janice Raymond">Janice Raymond</a>, in the foreword of her 1979 book <a href="/wiki/The_Transsexual_Empire" title="The Transsexual Empire">The Transsexual Empire</a>, thanked Rich for "constant encouragement"<a href="#cite_note-What_Kind_of_Times_are_These-32">[32]</a> and cited her in the book's chapter "Sappho by Surgery."<a href="#cite_note-Was_Adrienne_Rich_Anti-Trans-33">[33]</a> "The Transsexual Empire" is considered by some LGBT and feminist critics to be <a href="/wiki/Transphobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Transphobic">transphobic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> and many have criticized Rich for her involvement in and support of its production. While Rich never explicitly disavowed her support for Raymond's work, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Feinberg" title="Leslie Feinberg">Leslie Feinberg</a> cites Rich as having been supportive during Feinberg's writing of <a href="/wiki/Transgender_Warriors" title="Transgender Warriors">Transgender Warriors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-What_Kind_of_Times_are_These-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Was_Adrienne_Rich_Anti-Trans-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> By the early 1980s, Rich was using canes and wheelchairs due to <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>. Diagnosed with the condition at age 22, Rich kept her disability quiet for decades. The cold air in New England motivated Rich and Cliff to settle in California. A 1992 spinal operation required Rich to wear a <a href="/wiki/Ilizarov_apparatus" title="Ilizarov apparatus">metal halo</a> screwed into her head.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In June 1984, Rich presented a speech at the International Conference of Women, Feminist Identity, and Society in <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> titled Notes Toward a Politics of Location.<a href="#cite_note-:0-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Her keynote speech is a major document on politics of location and the birth of the concept of female "locatedness". In discussing the locations from which women speak, Rich attempts to reconnect female thought and speech with the female body, with an intent to reclaim the body through verbalizing self-representation.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Rich begins the speech by noting that while she speaks the words in Europe, she has searched for them in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-40">[40]</a> By acknowledging her location in an essay on the progression of the women's movement, she expresses her concern for all women, not just women in Providence. Through widening her audience to women across the world Rich not only influences a larger movement but she invites all women to consider their existence. Through imagining geographical locations on a map as history and as places where women are created, and further focusing on those locations, Rich asks women to examine where they were created. In an attempt to try to find a sense of belonging in the world, Rich asks the audience not to begin with a continent, country, or house, but to start with the geography closest to themselves –which is their body.<a href="#cite_note-:0-40">[40]</a> Rich, therefore, challenges members of the audience and readers to form their own identity by refusing to be defined by the parameters of government, religion, and home.<a href="#cite_note-:0-40">[40]</a> The essay hypothesizes the women's movement at the end of the 20th century. In an encouraging call for the women's movement, Rich discusses how the movement for change is an evolution in itself. Through de-masculinizing and de-Westernizing itself, the movement becomes a critical mass of many different voices, languages and overall actions. She pleads for the movement to change in order to experience change. She further insists that women must change it.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> In her essay, Rich considers how one's background might influence their identity. She furthers this notion by noting her own exploration of the body, her body, as female, as white, as <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> and as a body in a nation.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Rich is careful to define the location in which her writing takes place. Throughout her essay, Rich refers back to the concept of location. She recounts her growth towards understanding how the women's movement grounded in <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a> and limited to the concerns of white women, then incorporated verbal and written expression of black United States citizens. Such professions have allowed her to experience the meaning of her whiteness as a point of location for which she needed to take responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-:0-40">[40]</a> In 1986, she published the essay in her prose collection Blood, Bread, and Poetry.<a href="#cite_note-:0-40">[40]</a> Rich's work with the <a href="/wiki/New_Jewish_Agenda" title="New Jewish Agenda">New Jewish Agenda</a> led to the founding of Bridges: A Journal for Jewish Feminists and Our Friends in 1990, a journal for which Rich served as editor.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> This work explored the relationship between private and public histories, especially in the case of Jewish women's rights. Her next published piece, An Atlas of the Difficult World (1991), won both the Los Angeles Times Book Award in Poetry and the Lenore Marshall/Nation Award as well as the Poet's Prize in 1993 and Commonwealth Award in Literature in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-Langdell-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poets.org-22">[22]</a> During the 1990s Rich joined advisory boards such as the Boston Woman's Fund, <a href="/wiki/National_Writers_Union" title="National Writers Union">National Writers Union</a> and Sisterhood in Support of Sisters in South Africa. On the role of the poet, she wrote, "We may feel bitterly how little our poems can do in the face of seemingly out-of-control technological power and seemingly limitless corporate greed, yet it has always been true that poetry can break isolation, show us to ourselves when we are outlawed or made invisible, remind us of beauty where no beauty seems possible, remind us of kinship where all is represented as separation."<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In July 1994, Rich won the <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur Fellowship">MacArthur Fellowship</a>, the "Genius Grant" for her work as a poet and writer.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Also in 1992, Rich became a grandmother to Julia Arden Conrad and Charles Reddington Conrad.<a href="#cite_note-Langdell-14">[14]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:550px; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> There's a place between two stands of trees where the grass grows uphill and the old revolutionary road breaks off into shadows near a meeting-house abandoned by the persecuted who disappeared into those shadows. I've walked there picking mushrooms at the edge of dread, but don't be fooled this isn't a Russian poem, this is not somewhere else but here, our country moving closer to its own truth and dread, its own ways of making people disappear. </div></blockquote> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">—From "What kinds of times are these?"<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></cite></div> </div> In 1997, Rich declined the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> in protest against the House of Representatives' vote to end the National Endowment for the Arts as well as policies of the Clinton Administration regarding the arts generally, and literature in particular, stating that "I could not accept such an award from President Clinton or this White House because the very meaning of art, as I understand it, is incompatible with the cynical politics of this administration ... [Art] means nothing if it simply decorates the dinner table of the power which holds it hostage".<a href="#cite_note-Shuman1281-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Her next few volumes were a mix of poetry and essays: Midnight Salvage: Poems 1995–1998 (1999), The Art of the Possible: Essays and Conversations (2001), and Fox: Poems 1998–2000 (2001). In the early 2000s, Rich participated in anti-war activities, protesting against the threat of war in Iraq, both through readings of her poetry and other activities. In 2002, she was appointed a chancellor of the newly augmented board of the Academy of American Poets, along with <a href="/wiki/Yusef_Komunyakaa" title="Yusef Komunyakaa">Yusef Komunyakaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucille_Clifton" title="Lucille Clifton">Lucille Clifton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Wright_(poet)" title="Jay Wright (poet)">Jay Wright</a> (who declined the honor), <a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Louise Glück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heather_McHugh" title="Heather McHugh">Heather McHugh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosanna_Warren" title="Rosanna Warren">Rosanna Warren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wright_(poet)" title="Charles Wright (poet)">Charles Wright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="Robert Creeley">Robert Creeley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Palmer_(poet)" title="Michael Palmer (poet)">Michael Palmer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Langdell-14">[14]</a> She won the 2003 Yale Bollingen Prize for American Poetry and was applauded by the panel of judges for her "honesty at once ferocious, humane, her deep learning, and her continuous poetic exploration and awareness of multiple selves."<a href="#cite_note-Poets.org-22">[22]</a> In October 2006, Equality Forum honored Rich's work, featuring her as an icon of LGBT history.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In 2009, despite initially having reservations about the movement, Rich endorsed the call for a cultural and <a href="/wiki/Academic_boycott_of_Israel" title="Academic boycott of Israel">academic boycott of Israel</a>, denouncing "the Occupation's denial of Palestinian humanity, destruction of Palestinian lives and livelihoods, the "settlements", the state's physical and psychological walls against dialogue."<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-53">[53]</a> Rich died on March 27, 2012, at the age of 82 in her Santa Cruz, California, home. Her son, Pablo Conrad, reported that her death resulted from long-term <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Her last collection was published the year before her death. Rich was survived by her sons, two grandchildren<a href="#cite_note-nytobit-5">[5]</a> and her partner <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Cliff" title="Michelle Cliff">Michelle Cliff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Views">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_feminism">On feminism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: On feminism">edit</a>]</div> Adrienne Rich wrote several pieces that address the rights of women in society. In Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law she offered a critical analysis of the life of being both a mother and a daughter-in-law, and the impact of their gender in their lives. Diving Into the Wreck was written in the early 'seventies, and the collection marks the start of her darkening tone as she wrote about feminism and other social issues.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In particular, she wrote openly about her outrage at the patriarchal nature of the greater society. In doing so, she became an example for other women to follow in the hopes that continued proactive work against sexism would eventually counteract it.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Her poems are also famous for their feminist elements. One such poem is "Power", which was written about <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a>, one of the most important female icons of the 20th century. In this poem, she discussed the element of power and feminism. Curie was slowly succumbing to the radiation that she absorbed in her research, to which Rich refers in the poem as her source of power. The poem discusses the concept of power, particularly from a woman's point of view.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Besides poems and novels, Rich also wrote nonfiction books that tackled feminist issues. Some of them were: Of Woman Born, Motherhood as Experience and Institution, Blood, Bread and Poetry, etc. Especially, Bread and Poetry contains the famous feminist essay entitled "Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence", and Feminism and Community. Her works, interviews, and documentaries demonstrated Rich's in-depth perspective on feminism and society. For one, Rich had something to say about the use of the term itself. She preferred using the term "women's liberation" rather than feminism. She thought the latter term was more likely to induce resistance from women of the next generation. Also, she feared that the term would amount to nothing more than a label if used extensively. On the other hand, using the term women's liberation means that women can finally be free from factors that can be seen as oppressive to their rights.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Rich also wrote in depth about "white feminism" and the need for <a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">intersectionality</a> within the feminist movement. In Blood, Bread, and Poetry, Rich wrote that "feminism became a political and spiritual base from which I could move to examine rather than try to hide my own racism, recognize that I have anti-racist work to do continuously within myself". She went on to write that "so long as [feminists] identify only with white women, we are still connected to that system of objectification and callousness and cruelty called racism".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Rich implored white feminists to consider the fact that "[they], as victims of objectification, have objectified other women" through their role as the oppressor, and through the white privilege they inherently possess under a racist regime. Rich's views on feminism are evident in her works. She says in Of Woman Born that "we need to understand the power and powerlessness embodied in motherhood in patriarchal culture."<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> She also speaks regarding the need for women to unite in her book On Lies, Secrets and Silence. In this book, she wrote: "Women have often felt insane when cleaving to the truth of our experience. Our future depends on the sanity of each of us, and we have a profound stake, beyond the personal, in the project of describing our reality as candidly and fully as we can to each other."[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Given the feminist conditions during the 1950s–1970s, it can be said that Rich's works on feminism were revolutionary. Her views on equality and the need for women to maximize their potential can be seen as progressive for the time. Her views strongly coincided with feminist thinking during that period. According to Rich, society was founded on patriarchy and limits the rights of women. For equality to be achieved between the sexes, the prevailing notions must be readjusted to accommodate the female perspective.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_racism">On racism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: On racism">edit</a>]</div> Rich wrote at length on the topic of white feminism and intersectionality within the feminist movement. Citing such prominent black feminist activists and academics as <a href="/wiki/Akasha_Gloria_Hull" title="Akasha Gloria Hull">Gloria T. Hull</a>, Michele Russel, <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Bethel" title="Lorraine Bethel">Lorraine Bethel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a> in her works, Rich dedicated several chapters of her book Blood, Bread, and Poetry to the subject of racism. Of her essay Of Woman Born, Rich wrote that it "could have been stronger had it drawn on more of the literature by Black women toward which Toni Morrison's Sula inevitably pointed me."<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Touching on the privilege conferred to her as a white feminist author, Rich wrote in Blood, Bread, and Poetry that she "is probably going to be taken more seriously in some quarters than the Black woman scholar whose combined experience and research give her far more penetrating knowledge and awareness than mine. I will be taken more seriously because I am white, [..] and because the invisibility of the woman of color who is the scholar/critic or the poet or the novelist is part of the structure of my privilege, even my credibility."<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In 1981, Rich co-presented the keynote address for the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Studies_Association" title="National Women's Studies Association">National Women's Studies Association</a> Convention in <a href="/wiki/Storrs,_Connecticut" title="Storrs, Connecticut">Storrs, Connecticut</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a>, delivering her speech entitled "Disobedience is What NWSA is Potentially About." The theme of the convention was "Women Respond to Racism", and Rich noted the <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">homophobia</a> and racism that still existed "in the enclave of Women's studies itself, where lesbians are still feared and women of color are still ignored". Rich went on to say that "women of color who are found in the wrong place as defined at any given time by the white fathers will receive their retribution unseen: if they are beaten, raped, insulted, harassed, mutilated, murdered, these events will go unreported, unpunished, unconnected; and white women are not even supposed to know they occur, let alone identify with the sufferings endured." Rich asked the audience: "how disobedient will Women's Studies be in the 1980s; how will this Association address the racism, misogyny, homophobia of the university and of the corporate and militist society in which it is embedded; how will white feminist scholars and teachers and students practice disobedience to patriarchy?" Rich implored the audience to rid themselves of the idea that "by opposing racist violence, by doing anti-racist work, or by becoming feminists white women somehow cease to carry racism within them", asserting that white women are never absolved of their white privilege and must continually commit to anti-racist work while they are still in the role of the oppressor.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In 2009, Rich came forward with a statement in support of the U.S. Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel (USACBI), criticizing <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli occupation</a> and expressing her “continued solidarity with the Palestinian people’s long resistance.”<a href="#cite_note-:1-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_awards_and_honors">Selected awards and honors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Selected awards and honors">edit</a>]</div> Each year links to its corresponding "[year]() in poetry" article: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1950_in_poetry" title="1950 in poetry">1950</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yale_Younger_Poets_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale Younger Poets Award">Yale Younger Poets Award</a> for A Change of World.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_in_poetry" title="1952 in poetry">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_in_poetry" title="1960 in poetry">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Arts_and_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Arts and Letters">National Institute of Arts and Letters</a> Award</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_in_poetry" title="1970 in poetry">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shelley_Memorial_Award" title="Shelley Memorial Award">Shelley Memorial Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_poetry" title="1974 in poetry">1974</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award_for_Poetry" title="National Book Award for Poetry">National Book Award for Poetry</a> (a split award) for Diving into the Wreck<a href="#cite_note-nba1974-21">[21]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_poetry" title="1979 in poetry">1979</a>: Honorary Doctorate Smith College</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_poetry" title="1986 in poetry">1986</a>: Inaugural <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Lilly_Poetry_Prize" title="Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize">Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_poetry" title="1989 in poetry">1989</a>: Honorary doctorate from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li> <li>1989: National Poetry Association Award for Distinguished Service to the Art of Poetry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_poetry" title="1990 in poetry">1990</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Whitehead_Award" title="Bill Whitehead Award">Bill Whitehead Award</a> for Lifetime Achievement (for gay or lesbian writing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_poetry" title="1991 in poetry">1991</a>: <a href="/wiki/Common_Wealth_Award_of_Distinguished_Service" title="Common Wealth Award of Distinguished Service">Common Wealth Award of Distinguished Service</a></li> <li>1991: Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-66">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_in_poetry" title="1992 in poetry">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lenore_Marshall_Poetry_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize">Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Prize" title="Poets' Prize">Poets' Prize</a> for Atlas of the Difficult World</li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Frost_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Frost Medal">Frost Medal</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_the_Academy_of_American_Poets" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets">Academy of American Poets Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_in_poetry" title="1994 in poetry">1994</a>: <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur Fellowship">MacArthur Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_poetry" title="1996 in poetry">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stevens_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace Stevens Award">Wallace Stevens Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_in_poetry" title="1997 in poetry">1997</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> (refused)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_poetry" title="1999 in poetry">1999</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lannan_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Lannan Lifetime Achievement Award">Lifetime Achievement Award</a> from the Lannan Foundation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_poetry" title="2006 in poetry">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Foundation" title="National Book Foundation">National Book Foundation</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award#Medal_for_Distinguished_Contribution_to_American_Letters" title="National Book Award">Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters</a><a href="#cite_note-medal-67">[67]</a></li> <li>2006: David R Kessler Award for LGBTQ Studies, <a href="/wiki/CLAGS:_The_Center_for_LGBTQ_Studies" title="CLAGS: The Center for LGBTQ Studies">CLAGS: The Center for LGBTQ Studies</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_poetry" title="2010 in poetry">2010</a>: Lifetime Recognition Award from the <a href="/wiki/Griffin_Poetry_Prize" title="Griffin Poetry Prize">Griffin Poetry Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_poetry" title="2017 in poetry">2017</a>: Finalist, <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Poetry" title="Pulitzer Prize for Poetry">Pulitzer Prize for Poetry</a> (posthumous)<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li>2019: In June 2019, Rich was one of the inaugural fifty American "pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes" inducted on the <a href="/wiki/National_LGBTQ_Wall_of_Honor" title="National LGBTQ Wall of Honor">National LGBTQ Wall of Honor</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_National_Monument" title="Stonewall National Monument">Stonewall National Monument</a> (SNM) in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Inn" title="Stonewall Inn">Stonewall Inn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:23-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-SDGLN-71">[71]</a> The SNM is the first <a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">U.S. national monument</a> dedicated to <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBTQ rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="History of LGBT people">history</a>,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> and the wall's unveiling was timed to take place during the <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_50_%E2%80%93_WorldPride_NYC_2019" title="Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019">50th anniversary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_Works">Literary Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Literary Works">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (May 2017)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nonfiction">Nonfiction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nonfiction">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_literature" title="1976 in literature">1976</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">Of Woman Born: Motherhood As Experience And Institution. Norton. 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31284-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31284-3"><bdi>978-0-393-31284-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Of+Woman+Born%3A+Motherhood+As+Experience+And+Institution&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-393-31284-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_literature" title="1979 in literature">1979</a>: <a href="/wiki/On_Lies,_Secrets_and_Silence" title="On Lies, Secrets and Silence">On Lies, Secrets and Silence</a>: Selected Prose, 1966–1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_literature" title="1986 in literature">1986</a>: Blood, Bread, and Poetry: Selected Prose, 1979–1985 (Includes the noted essay: "<a href="/wiki/Compulsory_Heterosexuality_and_Lesbian_Existence" title="Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence">Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_literature" title="1993 in literature">1993</a>: What Is Found There: Notebooks on Poetry and Politics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_literature" title="1995 in literature">1995</a>: If Not with Others, How? pp. 399–405 in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeissFriedman1995" class="citation book cs1">Weiss, Penny A.; <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Friedman" title="Marilyn Friedman">Friedman, Marilyn</a> (1995). Feminism and community. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/Temple_University_Press" title="Temple University Press">Temple University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781566392761" title="Special:BookSources/9781566392761"><bdi>9781566392761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminism+and+community&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781566392761&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Penny+A.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+Marilyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_literature" title="2001 in literature">2001</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Arts of the Possible: Essays and Conversations. W.W. Norton. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05045-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05045-5"><bdi>978-0-393-05045-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arts+of+the+Possible%3A+Essays+and+Conversations&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-393-05045-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_literature" title="2007 in literature">2007</a>: Poetry and Commitment: An Essay</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_literature" title="2009 in literature">2009</a>: A Human Eye: Essays on Art in Society, 1997–2008</li> <li>2018: Essential Essays: Culture, Politics, and the Art of Poetry, W.W. Norton, 2018 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393652369" title="Special:BookSources/9780393652369">9780393652369</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry">Poetry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Poetry">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Collections">Collections</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Collections">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1951_in_poetry" title="1951 in poetry">1951</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">A Change of World. Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Change+of+World&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_in_poetry" title="1955 in poetry">1955</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/diamondcuttersot0000rich">The Diamond Cutters, and Other Poems</a>. Harper.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diamond+Cutters%2C+and+Other+Poems&rft.pub=Harper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiamondcuttersot0000rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_in_poetry" title="1963 in poetry">1963</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Snapshots of a daughter-in-law: poems, 1954–1962. Harper & Row.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Snapshots+of+a+daughter-in-law%3A+poems%2C+1954%E2%80%931962&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_in_poetry" title="1966 in poetry">1966</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Necessities of life: poems, 1962–1965. W.W. Norton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Necessities+of+life%3A+poems%2C+1962%E2%80%931965&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_in_poetry" title="1967 in poetry">1967</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Selected Poems. Chatto & Hogarth P Windus.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Poems&rft.pub=Chatto+%26+Hogarth+P+Windus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_in_poetry" title="1969 in poetry">1969</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Leaflets. W.W. Norton. 1962. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-930419-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-930419-5"><bdi>978-0-03-930419-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leaflets&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=978-0-03-930419-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_in_poetry" title="1971 in poetry">1971</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/willtochange00adri">The Will to Change: Poems 1968-1970</a>. Norton. 1971.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Will+to+Change%3A+Poems+1968-1970&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwilltochange00adri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_in_poetry" title="1973 in poetry">1973</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/divingintowreck00adri">Diving into the Wreck</a>. W.W. Norton. 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31163-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31163-1"><bdi>978-0-393-31163-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diving+into+the+Wreck&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-393-31163-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdivingintowreck00adri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_in_poetry" title="1975 in poetry">1975</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poemsselectednew00rich">Poems: Selected and New, 1950-1974</a>. Norton. 1974. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04392-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04392-1"><bdi>978-0-393-04392-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poems%3A+Selected+and+New%2C+1950-1974&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-393-04392-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoemsselectednew00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_poetry" title="1976 in poetry">1976</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Twenty-one Love Poems. Effie's Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twenty-one+Love+Poems&rft.pub=Effie%27s+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_in_poetry" title="1978 in poetry">1978</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_of_a_Common_Language" title="The Dream of a Common Language">The Dream of a Common Language</a>. Norton. 1978. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04502-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04502-4"><bdi>978-0-393-04502-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dream+of+a+Common+Language&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-393-04502-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_poetry" title="1982 in poetry">1982</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wildpatiencehast00rich">A Wild Patience Has Taken Me this Far: Poems 1978-1981</a>. W. W. Norton & Company, Incorporated. 1981. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31037-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31037-5"><bdi>978-0-393-31037-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Wild+Patience+Has+Taken+Me+this+Far%3A+Poems+1978-1981&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-393-31037-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwildpatiencehast00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> (reprint 1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_poetry" title="1983 in poetry">1983</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Sources. Heyeck Press.</cite></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_poetry" title="1984 in poetry">1984</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/factofdoorframep00rich">The Fact of a Doorframe: Poems Selected and New, 1950-1984</a>. W. W. Norton & Company, Incorporated. 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31075-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31075-7"><bdi>978-0-393-31075-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fact+of+a+Doorframe%3A+Poems+Selected+and+New%2C+1950-1984&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-393-31075-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffactofdoorframep00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_poetry" title="1986 in poetry">1986</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yournativelandyo00rich">Your Native Land, Your Life: Poems</a>. Norton. 1986. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-02318-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-02318-3"><bdi>978-0-393-02318-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Your+Native+Land%2C+Your+Life%3A+Poems&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-393-02318-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyournativelandyo00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_poetry" title="1989 in poetry">1989</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/timespowerpoems100rich">Time's Power: Poems, 1985-1988</a>. Norton. 1989. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-02677-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-02677-1"><bdi>978-0-393-02677-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time%27s+Power%3A+Poems%2C+1985-1988&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-393-02677-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftimespowerpoems100rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_poetry" title="1991 in poetry">1991</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atlasofdifficult00rich">An Atlas of the Difficult World: Poems 1988-1991</a>. Norton. 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-03069-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-03069-3"><bdi>978-0-393-03069-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Atlas+of+the+Difficult+World%3A+Poems+1988-1991&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-393-03069-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatlasofdifficult00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_poetry" title="1993 in poetry">1993</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/collectedearlypo00rich">Collected Early Poems, 1950-1970</a>. W. W. Norton & Company, Incorporated. 1993. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31385-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31385-7"><bdi>978-0-393-31385-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collected+Early+Poems%2C+1950-1970&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-393-31385-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcollectedearlypo00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_poetry" title="1995 in poetry">1995</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/darkfieldsofrepu00rich">Dark Fields of the Republic: Poems, 1991-1995</a>. W.W. Norton. 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-03868-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-03868-2"><bdi>978-0-393-03868-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dark+Fields+of+the+Republic%3A+Poems%2C+1991-1995&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-393-03868-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdarkfieldsofrepu00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_poetry" title="1996 in poetry">1996</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Selected poems, 1950-1995. Salmon Pub. January 1996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897648-78-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897648-78-0"><bdi>978-1-897648-78-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+poems%2C+1950-1995&rft.pub=Salmon+Pub.&rft.date=1996-01&rft.isbn=978-1-897648-78-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_poetry" title="1999 in poetry">1999</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/midnightsalvagep0000rich">Midnight Salvage: Poems, 1995-1998</a>. Norton. 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04682-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04682-3"><bdi>978-0-393-04682-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Midnight+Salvage%3A+Poems%2C+1995-1998&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-393-04682-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmidnightsalvagep0000rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_poetry" title="2001 in poetry">2001</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Fox: Poems 1998-2000. W W Norton & Co Inc. March 17, 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32377-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32377-1"><bdi>978-0-393-32377-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fox%3A+Poems+1998-2000&rft.pub=W+W+Norton+%26+Co+Inc&rft.date=2003-03-17&rft.isbn=978-0-393-32377-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> (reprint 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_poetry" title="2004 in poetry">2004</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/schoolamongruin00rich">The School Among the Ruins: Poems, 2000-2004</a>. W. W. Norton & Co. 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32755-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32755-7"><bdi>978-0-393-32755-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+School+Among+the+Ruins%3A+Poems%2C+2000-2004&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Co.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-393-32755-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fschoolamongruin00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_poetry" title="2007 in poetry">2007</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich2007" class="citation book cs1">Rich, Adrienne Cecile (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/telephoneringing0000rich">Telephone Ringing in the Labyrinth: Poems 2004–2006</a>. W.W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06565-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06565-7"><bdi>978-0-393-06565-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Telephone+Ringing+in+the+Labyrinth%3A+Poems+2004%E2%80%932006&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-393-06565-7&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Adrienne+Cecile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftelephoneringing0000rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_poetry" title="2010 in poetry">2010</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich2011" class="citation book cs1">Rich, Adrienne (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tonightnopoetryw00rich">Tonight No Poetry Will Serve: Poems 2007-2010</a>. W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-07967-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-07967-8"><bdi>978-0-393-07967-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tonight+No+Poetry+Will+Serve%3A+Poems+2007-2010&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-393-07967-8&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftonightnopoetryw00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_poetry" title="2016 in poetry">2016</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich2016" class="citation book cs1">Rich, Adrienne (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393285116/">Collected Poems 1950-2012</a>. W.W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-28511-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-28511-6"><bdi>978-0-393-28511-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collected+Poems+1950-2012&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-393-28511-6&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwnorton.com%2Fbooks%2F9780393285116%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill_and_ink.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/28px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/42px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/56px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="152" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poetry" title="Portal:Poetry">Poetry portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">American philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_philosophers" title="List of American philosophers">List of American philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_poets_portraying_sexual_relations_between_women" title="List of poets portraying sexual relations between women">Lesbian Poetry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Nelson, Cary, editor. Anthology of Modern American Poetry. Oxford University Press. 2000. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2012/03/adrienne-rich.html">"Poet Adrienne Rich, 82, has died"</a>. Los Angeles Times. March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Poet+Adrienne+Rich%2C+82%2C+has+died&rft.date=2012-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Fjacketcopy%2F2012%2F03%2Fadrienne-rich.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlood2012" class="citation news cs1">Flood, Alison (March 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/mar/29/adrienne-rich-poet-essayist-dies">"Adrienne Rich, award-winning poet and essayist, dies"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved March 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Adrienne+Rich%2C+award-winning+poet+and+essayist%2C+dies&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2012%2Fmar%2F29%2Fadrienne-rich-poet-essayist-dies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerstner2006" class="citation book cs1">Gerstner, David A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/routledgeinterna0000unse/page/484">Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture</a>. New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/routledgeinterna0000unse/page/484">484</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-30651-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-30651-5"><bdi>0-415-30651-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+International+Encyclopedia+of+Queer+Culture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=484&rft.pub=Routledge+Taylor+and+Francis+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-415-30651-5&rft.aulast=Gerstner&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froutledgeinterna0000unse%2Fpage%2F484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytobit-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2012" class="citation news cs1">Fox, Margalit (March 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/29/books/adrienne-rich-feminist-poet-and-author-dies-at-82.html">"Adrienne Rich, Influential Feminist Poet, Dies at 82"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved October 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Adrienne+Rich%2C+Influential+Feminist+Poet%2C+Dies+at+82&rft.date=2012-03-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Margalit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F03%2F29%2Fbooks%2Fadrienne-rich-feminist-poet-and-author-dies-at-82.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/rich-adrienne-cecile">"Adrienne Cecile Rich"</a>. Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved March 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adrienne+Cecile+Rich&rft.pub=Jewish+Women%27s+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjwa.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Farticle%2Frich-adrienne-cecile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangdell2004" class="citation book cs1">Langdell, Cheri Colby (2004). Adrienne Rich: the moment of change. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31605-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31605-0"><bdi>978-0-313-31605-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adrienne+Rich%3A+the+moment+of+change&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-313-31605-0&rft.aulast=Langdell&rft.aufirst=Cheri+Colby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKort2007" class="citation book cs1">Kort, Carol (October 30, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QyvXLgnTNpIC&q=%22around+that+time%22+Adrienne+Rich&pg=PA274">A to Z of American women writers – Carol Kort</a>. Infobase. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438107936" title="Special:BookSources/9781438107936"><bdi>9781438107936</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+to+Z+of+American+women+writers+%E2%80%93+Carol+Kort&rft.pub=Infobase&rft.date=2007-10-30&rft.isbn=9781438107936&rft.aulast=Kort&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQyvXLgnTNpIC%26q%3D%2522around%2Bthat%2Btime%2522%2BAdrienne%2BRich%26pg%3DPA274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu/eng2100fall19/files/2019/11/rich-split-at-the-root.pdf">"Split at the Root: An Essay on Jewish Identity"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Baruch_College" title="Baruch College">Baruch College</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616044445/https://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu/eng2100fall19/files/2019/11/rich-split-at-the-root.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Split+at+the+Root%3A+An+Essay+on+Jewish+Identity&rft.pub=Baruch+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.baruch.cuny.edu%2Feng2100fall19%2Ffiles%2F2019%2F11%2Frich-split-at-the-root.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shuman1278-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shuman1278_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shuman1278_10-1">b</a> Shuman (2002) p1278 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Critical Survey of Poetry (1992) Ed. Frank Northen Magill, Salem Press, p. 2752 </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Martin_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martin_12-1">b</a> Martin, Wendy (1984), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bzml68WjzmcC&pg=PA174">An American triptych: Anne Bradstreet, Emily Dickinson, Adrienne Rich</a>, The University of North Carolina Press, p. 174; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-4112-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-4112-9">0-8078-4112-9</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pioneer-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_13-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_13-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_13-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_13-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_13-9">j</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Mahoney2002" class="citation web cs1">O'Mahoney, John (June 15, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2002/jun/15/featuresreviews.guardianreview6">"Poet and pioneer"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved August 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Poet+and+pioneer&rft.date=2002-06-15&rft.aulast=O%27Mahoney&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2002%2Fjun%2F15%2Ffeaturesreviews.guardianreview6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Langdell-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Langdell_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langdell_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langdell_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langdell_14-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langdell_14-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langdell_14-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langdell_14-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langdell_14-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langdell_14-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangdell2004" class="citation book cs1">Langdell, Cherl Colby (2004). Adrienne Rich: The Moment of Change. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. pp. xv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adrienne+Rich%3A+The+Moment+of+Change&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=xv&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Langdell&rft.aufirst=Cherl+Colby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-legend-15"><a href="#cite_ref-legend_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329124018/http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/15228">"Diving into the Wreck"</a>. The Academy of American Poets. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/15228">the original</a> on March 29, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diving+into+the+Wreck&rft.pub=The+Academy+of+American+Poets&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poets.org%2Fviewmedia.php%2FprmMID%2F15228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081013232000/http://www.artsandletters.org/awards2_popup.php?abbrev=Academy">"American Academy of Arts and Letters"</a>. American Academy of Arts and Letter Award Winners. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artsandletters.org/awards2_popup.php?abbrev=Academy">the original</a> on October 13, 2008. 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Conrad, City College Professor, Dies"</a> (PDF), The New York Times, New York, New York, October 20, 1970</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dr.+Alfred+H.+Conrad%2C+City+College+Professor%2C+Dies&rft.date=1970-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1970%2F10%2F20%2F78818847.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nba1974-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nba1974_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nba1974_21-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1974">"National Book Awards – 1974"</a>. National Book Foundation. Retrieved March 11, 2012. (With acceptance speech by Rich and essay by <a href="/wiki/Evie_Shockley" title="Evie Shockley">Evie Shockley</a> from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.) </li> <li id="cite_note-Poets.org-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poets.org_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poets.org_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poets.org_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poets.org_22-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/49">"Poets.org"</a>. Adrienne Rich. Retrieved December 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adrienne+Rich&rft.atitle=Poets.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poets.org%2Fpoet.php%2FprmPID%2F49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shuman1276-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Shuman1276_23-0">^</a> Shuman (2002) p1276 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/adrienne-rich">"National Book Foundation"</a>. National Book Awards Acceptance Speeches. Retrieved September 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Book+Awards+Acceptance+Speeches&rft.atitle=National+Book+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryfoundation.org%2Fbio%2Fadrienne-rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/adrienne-rich">"The Poetry Foundation"</a>. Adrienne Rich. Retrieved December 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adrienne+Rich&rft.atitle=The+Poetry+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryfoundation.org%2Fbio%2Fadrienne-rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Aldrich and Wotherspoon (2000) Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History, Vol 2. Routledge p352 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-22974-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-22974-X">0-415-22974-X</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Langdell, Cheri Colby (2004) Adrienne Rich: the moment of change. p159 Praeger Publishers <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-31605-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-31605-8">0-313-31605-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinisterwisdom.org/about.html#history">Sinister Wisdom history</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208094710/http://www.sinisterwisdom.org/about.html">Archived</a> February 8, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-CAWP-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CAWP_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAWP_29-1">b</a> Cucinella, Catherine (2002) Contemporary American women poets: an A-to-Z guide. p295 Greenwood Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-31783-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-31783-6">0-313-31783-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adwhiteprofessors.cornell.edu/all.html">"Andrew D. 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Retrieved March 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jenniferboylan.net&rft.atitle=What+Kind+of+Times+are+These%3F&rft.date=2012-04-18&rft.aulast=Boylan&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjenniferboylan.net%2Fwhat-kind-of-times-are-these-on-adrienne-rich-and-trans-misogyny%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Was_Adrienne_Rich_Anti-Trans-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Was_Adrienne_Rich_Anti-Trans_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Was_Adrienne_Rich_Anti-Trans_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukhopadhyay2012" class="citation web cs1">Mukhopadhyay, Samhita (April 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prospect.org/civil-rights/adrienne-rich-anti-trans/">"Was Adrienne Rich Anti-Trans?"</a>. www.prospect.org. Retrieved March 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.prospect.org&rft.atitle=Was+Adrienne+Rich+Anti-Trans%3F&rft.date=2012-04-16&rft.aulast=Mukhopadhyay&rft.aufirst=Samhita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprospect.org%2Fcivil-rights%2Fadrienne-rich-anti-trans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Rose, Katrina C. (2004) "The Man Who Would be Janice Raymond." Transgender Tapestry 104, Winter 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Julia Serano (2007) Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity, pp. 233–234 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Namaste, Viviane K. (2000) Invisible Lives: The Erasure of Transsexual and Transgendered People, pp. 33–34. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Hayes, Cressida J., 2003, "Feminist Solidarity after Queer Theory: The Case of Transgender," in Signs 28(4):1093–1120. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadin2017" class="citation web cs1">Ladin, Joy (August 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eoagh.com/diving-into-the-wreck-trans-and-anti-trans-feminism/">"Diving Into the Wreck: Trans and Anti-Trans Feminism"</a>. eoagh.com. Retrieved March 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eoagh.com&rft.atitle=Diving+Into+the+Wreck%3A+Trans+and+Anti-Trans+Feminism&rft.date=2017-08-12&rft.aulast=Ladin&rft.aufirst=Joy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feoagh.com%2Fdiving-into-the-wreck-trans-and-anti-trans-feminism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/12/hilary-holladay-adrienne-rich/616935/">"The Many Lives of Adrienne Rich"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. November 14, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Many+Lives+of+Adrienne+Rich&rft.pub=The+Atlantic&rft.date=2020-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F2020%2F12%2Fhilary-holladay-adrienne-rich%2F616935%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_40-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_40-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_40-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_40-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich1986" class="citation book cs1">Rich, Adrienne (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bloodbreadpoetry00adri">Blood, Bread, and Poetry: Selected Prose, 1979–1985</a>. New York: Norton. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bloodbreadpoetry00adri/page/210">210</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393311627" title="Special:BookSources/0393311627"><bdi>0393311627</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood%2C+Bread%2C+and+Poetry%3A+Selected+Prose%2C+1979%E2%80%931985&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0393311627&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbloodbreadpoetry00adri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich1984" class="citation web cs1">Rich, Adrienne (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openspaceofdemocracy.files.wordpress.com/2017/01/adrienne-rich-notes-toward-a-politics-of-location.pdf">"Notes toward a Politic of Location"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notes+toward+a+Politic+of+Location&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenspaceofdemocracy.files.wordpress.com%2F2017%2F01%2Fadrienne-rich-notes-toward-a-politics-of-location.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittman2003" class="citation journal cs1">Littman, Linda (2003). 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NWSA Journal. 8 (3): 46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2FNWS.1996.8.3.36">10.2979/NWS.1996.8.3.36</a> (inactive November 1, 2024). <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4316460">4316460</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NWSA+Journal&rft.atitle=%22The+End+of+a+Century%22%3A+Feminist+Millennial+Vision+in+Adrienne+Rich%27s+%22Dark+Fields+of+the+Republic%22&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=46&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2FNWS.1996.8.3.36&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4316460%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=DeShazer&rft.aufirst=Mary+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEagleton2000" class="citation journal cs1">Eagleton, Mary (2000). "Adrienne Rich, Location And The Body". Journal of Gender Studies. 9 (3): 299–312. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F713678003">10.1080/713678003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143486606">143486606</a> – via Academic Search Premier.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Gender+Studies&rft.atitle=Adrienne+Rich%2C+Location+And+The+Body.&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=299-312&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F713678003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143486606%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Eagleton&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich2001" class="citation book cs1">Rich, Adrienne (2001). Arts of the Possible: Essays and Conversations. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 138–144.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arts+of+the+Possible%3A+Essays+and+Conversations&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=138-144&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/m_r/rich/onlineessays.htm">"Adrienne Rich: Online Essays and Letters"</a>. English.illinois.edu. Retrieved March 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adrienne+Rich%3A+Online+Essays+and+Letters&rft.pub=English.illinois.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.english.illinois.edu%2Fmaps%2Fpoets%2Fm_r%2Frich%2Fonlineessays.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.959463/k.9D7D/Fellows_Program.htm">"MacArthur: The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation"</a>. Fellow Program. Retrieved December 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fellow+Program&rft.atitle=MacArthur%3A+The+John+D.+and+Catherine+T.+MacArthur+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macfound.org%2Fsite%2Fc.lkLXJ8MQKrH%2Fb.959463%2Fk.9D7D%2FFellows_Program.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/181516#poem">"What kinds of times are these?"</a>. Poetry Foundation. August 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poetry+Foundation&rft.atitle=What+kinds+of+times+are+these%3F&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryfoundation.org%2Fpoem%2F181516%23poem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/11/us/in-a-protest-poet-rejects-arts-medal.html">"In a Protest, Poet Rejects Arts Medal"</a>, The New York Times, July 11, 1997. Retrieved February 10, 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich2001" class="citation book cs1">Rich, Adrienne (2001). Adrienne Rich (ed.). Arts of the Possible: Essays and Conversations. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 95–105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arts+of+the+Possible%3A+Essays+and+Conversations&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=95-105&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lgbthistorymonth.com/adrienne-rich">"Adrienne Rich"</a>. LGBTHistoryMonth.com. August 20, 2011. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adrienne+Rich&rft.pub=LGBTHistoryMonth.com&rft.date=2011-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgbthistorymonth.com%2Fadrienne-rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mronline.org/2009/02/08/why-support-the-u-s-campaign-for-the-academic-and-cultural-boycott-of-israel/">"Why Support the U.S. Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Monthly_Review" title="Monthly Review">Monthly Review</a>. February 8, 2009. Retrieved March 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Support+the+U.S.+Campaign+for+the+Academic+and+Cultural+Boycott+of+Israel%3F&rft.pub=Monthly+Review&rft.date=2009-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmronline.org%2F2009%2F02%2F08%2Fwhy-support-the-u-s-campaign-for-the-academic-and-cultural-boycott-of-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCable2022" class="citation journal cs1">Cable, Umayyah (April 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0377919X.2022.2040324">"Compulsory Zionism and Palestinian Existence: A Genealogy"</a>. Journal of Palestine Studies. 51 (2): 66–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0377919X.2022.2040324">10.1080/0377919X.2022.2040324</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248281682">248281682</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Compulsory+Zionism+and+Palestinian+Existence%3A+A+Genealogy&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=66-71&rft.date=2022-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A248281682%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0377919X.2022.2040324&rft.aulast=Cable&rft.aufirst=Umayyah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F0377919X.2022.2040324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2012/03/adrienne-rich.html">"Poet Adrienne Rich, 82, has died"</a>. Los Angeles Times. March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Poet+Adrienne+Rich%2C+82%2C+has+died&rft.date=2012-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Fjacketcopy%2F2012%2F03%2Fadrienne-rich.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9174640/Adrienne-Rich.html">"Adrienne Rich"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. March 29, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Adrienne+Rich&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F9174640%2FAdrienne-Rich.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKloeckner2015" class="citation book cs1">Kloeckner, Christian (2015). Contemporary Women's Poetry: Adrienne Rich's 'Diving into the Wreck' and Harryette Mullen's 'She Swam On from Sea to Shine'. Trier, Germany: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier (WVT). p. 400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783868216103" title="Special:BookSources/9783868216103"><bdi>9783868216103</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Women%27s+Poetry%3A+Adrienne+Rich%27s+%27Diving+into+the+Wreck%27+and+Harryette+Mullen%27s+%27She+Swam+On+from+Sea+to+Shine%27&rft.place=Trier%2C+Germany&rft.pages=400&rft.pub=Wissenschaftlicher+Verlag+Trier+%28WVT%29&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9783868216103&rft.aulast=Kloeckner&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley2016" class="citation book cs1">Riley, Jeannette E. (August 31, 2016). Understanding Adrienne Rich. Columbia, South Carolina: The University of South Carolina Press. pp. 39–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781611177008" title="Special:BookSources/9781611177008"><bdi>9781611177008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Adrienne+Rich&rft.place=Columbia%2C+South+Carolina&rft.pages=39-41&rft.pub=The+University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2016-08-31&rft.isbn=9781611177008&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Jeannette+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelvalakshmi,_S._&_Girija_Rajaram" class="citation book cs1">Selvalakshmi, S. & Girija Rajaram. Power for Women: Poems of Adrienne Cecile Rich.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+for+Women%3A+Poems+of+Adrienne+Cecile+Rich&rft.au=Selvalakshmi%2C+S.+%26+Girija+Rajaram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheridan" class="citation book cs1">Sheridan, Susan. Adrienne Rich and the Women's Liberation Movement: A Politics of Reception.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adrienne+Rich+and+the+Women%27s+Liberation+Movement%3A+A+Politics+of+Reception&rft.aulast=Sheridan&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/rich-adrienne-cecile">"Adrienne Cecile Rich"</a>. Jewish Women's Archive. June 23, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Women%27s+Archive&rft.atitle=Adrienne+Cecile+Rich&rft.date=2021-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjwa.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Farticle%2Frich-adrienne-cecile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins" class="citation journal cs1">Collins, Michael J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarship.shu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1067&context=theses">"The Unearthing of the Body in Adrienne Rich's Politics"</a>. Seton Hall ERepository, Seton Hall University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seton+Hall+ERepository%2C+Seton+Hall+University&rft.atitle=The+Unearthing+of+the+Body+in+Adrienne+Rich%27s+Politics&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Michael+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.shu.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1067%26context%3Dtheses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich1980" class="citation book cs1">Rich, Adrienne (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EfKyBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT50">"Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence"</a>. Blood, Bread, and Poetry: Selected Prose 1979-1985. W. W. Norton & Company (published 1994). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-34804-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-34804-0"><bdi>978-0-393-34804-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Compulsory+Heterosexuality+and+Lesbian+Existence&rft.btitle=Blood%2C+Bread%2C+and+Poetry%3A+Selected+Prose+1979-1985&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-393-34804-0&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEfKyBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich1980" class="citation book cs1">Rich A (1980). "Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence". In Parker R, Aggleton P (eds.). Culture, Society and Sexuality: A Reader. London: UCL Press (published 1999). p. 220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85728-811-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85728-811-7"><bdi>978-1-85728-811-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Compulsory+Heterosexuality+and+Lesbian+Existence&rft.btitle=Culture%2C+Society+and+Sexuality%3A+A+Reader&rft.place=London&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=UCL+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-1-85728-811-7&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exhibitions.lib.udel.edu/four-poets/exhibition-item/blood-bread-and-poetry-selected-prose-1979-1985/">"Blood, Bread, and Poetry: selected prose, 1979–1985 – Four Poets"</a>. Retrieved October 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blood%2C+Bread%2C+and+Poetry%3A+selected+prose%2C+1979%E2%80%931985+%E2%80%93+Four+Poets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexhibitions.lib.udel.edu%2Ffour-poets%2Fexhibition-item%2Fblood-bread-and-poetry-selected-prose-1979-1985%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich1981" class="citation journal cs1">Rich, Adrienne (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40003904">"Disobedience Is What NWSA Is Potentially about"</a>. Women's Studies Quarterly. 9 (3): 4–6. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0732-1562">0732-1562</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40003904">40003904</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Disobedience+Is+What+NWSA+Is+Potentially+about&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=4-6&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40003904%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0732-1562&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40003904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-66"><a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterR.pdf">"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter R"</a> (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060618090045/http://amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterR.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 18, 2006. Retrieved April 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Members%2C+1780%E2%80%932010%3A+Chapter+R&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-medal-67"><a href="#cite_ref-medal_67-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalbook.org/amerletters.html">"Distinguished Contribution to American Letters"</a>. National Book Foundation. Retrieved March 11, 2012. (With acceptance speech by Rich and introduction by Mark Doty.) </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clags.org/articles/fifteenth-annual-kessler-lecture-delivered-by-adrienne-rich/">"Fifteenth Annual Kessler Lecture Delivered by Adrienne Rich – CLAGS: Center for LGBTQ Studies"</a>. Retrieved May 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fifteenth+Annual+Kessler+Lecture+Delivered+by+Adrienne+Rich+%E2%80%93+CLAGS%3A+Center+for+LGBTQ+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclags.org%2Farticles%2Ffifteenth-annual-kessler-lecture-delivered-by-adrienne-rich%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2017">"2017 Pulitzer Prizes"</a>. Pulitzer. Retrieved April 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pulitzer&rft.atitle=2017+Pulitzer+Prizes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pulitzer.org%2Fprize-winners-by-year%2F2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-70"><a href="#cite_ref-:23_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlasses-Baker2019" class="citation web cs1">Glasses-Baker, Becca (June 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metro.us/news/local-news/new-york/stonewall-inn-lgbtq-wall-honor">"National LGBTQ Wall of Honor unveiled at Stonewall Inn"</a>. www.metro.us. Retrieved June 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metro.us&rft.atitle=National+LGBTQ+Wall+of+Honor+unveiled+at+Stonewall+Inn&rft.date=2019-06-27&rft.aulast=Glasses-Baker&rft.aufirst=Becca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metro.us%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fnew-york%2Fstonewall-inn-lgbtq-wall-honor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SDGLN-71"><a href="#cite_ref-SDGLN_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRawles2019" class="citation web cs1">Rawles, Timothy (June 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sdgln.com/news/2019/06/19/national-lgbtq-wall-honor-be-unveiled-historic-stonewall-inn">"National LGBTQ Wall of Honor to be unveiled at historic Stonewall Inn"</a>. San Diego Gay and Lesbian News. Retrieved June 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Diego+Gay+and+Lesbian+News&rft.atitle=National+LGBTQ+Wall+of+Honor+to+be+unveiled+at+historic+Stonewall+Inn&rft.date=2019-06-19&rft.aulast=Rawles&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsdgln.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F06%2F19%2Fnational-lgbtq-wall-honor-be-unveiled-historic-stonewall-inn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaird" class="citation web cs1">Laird, Cynthia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebar.com/news/news//272833">"Groups seek names for Stonewall 50 honor wall"</a>. The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc. Retrieved May 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bay+Area+Reporter+%2F+B.A.R.+Inc.&rft.atitle=Groups+seek+names+for+Stonewall+50+honor+wall&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebar.com%2Fnews%2Fnews%2F%2F272833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachet2019" class="citation web cs1">Sachet, Donna (April 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfbaytimes.com/stonewall-50/">"Stonewall 50"</a>. San Francisco Bay Times. Retrieved May 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Stonewall+50&rft.date=2019-04-03&rft.aulast=Sachet&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsfbaytimes.com%2Fstonewall-50%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+Rich" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Colby Langdell, Cheri (2004) Adrienne Rich: The Moment of Change Praeger <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-31605-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-31605-8">0-313-31605-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Gioia" title="Dana Gioia">Gioia, Dana</a> (January 1999) "Midnight Salvage: Poems 1995–1998" (first published in San Francisco Magazine)</li> <li>Henneberg, Sylvia (2010) The Creative Crone: Aging and the Poetry of May Sarton and Adrienne Rich University of Missouri <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8262-1861-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8262-1861-X">0-8262-1861-X</a></li> <li>Holladay, Hilary (2020) The Power of Adrienne Rich: A Biography Nan A. Talese/Doubleday <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-3855-4150-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-3855-4150-3">0-3855-4150-3</a></li> <li>Keyes, Claire (2008) The Aesthetics of Power: The Poetry of Adrienne Rich University of Georgia Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8203-3351-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8203-3351-4">0-8203-3351-4</a></li> <li>Shuman, R. Baird (2002) Great American Writers: Twentieth Century. Marshall Cavendish</li> <li>Yorke, Liz (1998) Adrienne Rich: Passion, Politics and the Body Sage Publications <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8039-7727-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8039-7727-1">0-8039-7727-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_Rich&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Adrienne Rich at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Adrienne_Rich" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Adrienne Rich">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" class="extiw" title="q:Adrienne Rich">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adriennerich.net/">Official Adrienne Rich Website</a>. Managed by The Adrienne Rich Literary Trust.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/adrienne-rich">Adrienne Rich: Profile, Poems, Essays at Poets.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/adrienne-rich">Profile and poems written and audio at Poetry Foundation</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-08</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308160746/http://www.poetryarchive.org/poetryarchive/singlePoet.do?poetId=428">Profile and poems written and audio at Poetry Archive</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-08</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/m_r/rich/rich.htm">Profile at Modern American Poets</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201025948/http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/m_r/rich/rich.htm">Archived</a> February 1, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-08</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barclayagency.com/rich_a.html">Profile at Barclay Agency</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111010232942/http://www.barclayagency.com/rich_a.html">Archived</a> October 10, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barclayagency.com/speakers/videos/rich_a.html">and Rich videos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729133243/http://barclayagency.com/speakers/videos/rich_a.html">Archived</a> July 29, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-08</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.griffinpoetryprize.com/awards-and-poets/lifetime-recognition-award/adrienne-rich/">Griffin Poetry Prize Profile and videos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501045917/https://www.griffinpoetryprize.com/awards-and-poets/lifetime-recognition-award/adrienne-rich/">Archived</a> May 1, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-08</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110115215931/http://www.lannan.org/lf/rc/event/adrienne-rich/">Reading and conversation at Lannan Foundation September 29 1999 (audio, 48 mins)</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-08</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://writing.upenn.edu/pennsound/x/Rich.html">Extensive audio recordings of Rich at PennSound, University of Virginia.</a> Retrieved 2010-01-08</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,1950812,00.html">"Legislators of the world"</a> poetry article by Rich at <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, November 18, 2006. Retrieved 2010-01-08</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch00021">"Adrienne Rich Papers"</a>. Archive at <a href="/wiki/Schlesinger_Library" title="Schlesinger Library">Schlesinger Library</a> from the Radcliffe Institute. Retrieved 2010-01-08</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/no2010203172">Adrienne Rich</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Authorities — with 61 catalog records</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1871108/">Adrienne Rich</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lesbian_feminism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lesbian_feminism" title="Template:Lesbian feminism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lesbian_feminism" title="Template talk:Lesbian feminism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lesbian_feminism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lesbian feminism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lesbian_feminism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian feminism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Gunn_Allen" title="Paula Gunn Allen">Paula Gunn Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Allison" title="Dorothy Allison">Dorothy Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti-Grace_Atkinson" title="Ti-Grace Atkinson">Ti-Grace Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Bechdel" title="Alison Bechdel">Alison Bechdel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Torton_Beck" title="Evelyn Torton Beck">Evelyn Torton Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Ben-Shalom" title="Miriam Ben-Shalom">Miriam Ben-Shalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Bindel" title="Julie Bindel">Julie Bindel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Bottini" title="Ivy Bottini">Ivy Bottini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Clarke" title="Cheryl Clarke">Cheryl Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Cliff" title="Michelle Cliff">Michelle Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Clinton" title="Kate Clinton">Kate Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_C%C3%B3rdova" title="Jeanne Córdova">Jeanne Córdova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Daly" title="Mary Daly">Mary Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Dashu" title="Max Dashu">Max Dashu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm%C3%A9_DeLarverie" title="Stormé DeLarverie">Stormé DeLarverie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_DiMassa" title="Diane DiMassa">Diane DiMassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alix_Dobkin" title="Alix Dobkin">Alix Dobkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Dworkin" title="Andrea Dworkin">Andrea Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elana_Dykewomon" title="Elana Dykewomon">Elana Dykewomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Faderman" title="Lillian Faderman">Lillian Faderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferron" title="Ferron">Ferron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Frye" title="Marilyn Frye">Marilyn Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michiyo_Fukaya" title="Michiyo Fukaya">Michiyo Fukaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Gage" title="Carolyn Gage">Carolyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Gottschalk" title="Donna Gottschalk">Donna Gottschalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Hoagland" title="Sarah Hoagland">Sarah Hoagland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karla_Jay" title="Karla Jay">Karla Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jeffreys" title="Sheila Jeffreys">Sheila Jeffreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Johnston" title="Jill Johnston">Jill Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Kaye/Kantrowitz" title="Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz">Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Larkin" title="Joan Larkin">Joan Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Livia_(author)" title="Anna Livia (author)">Anna Livia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Martin_and_Phyllis_Lyon" title="Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon">Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherr%C3%ADe_Moraga" title="Cherríe Moraga">Cherríe Moraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_J._Morris" title="Bonnie J. Morris">Bonnie J. Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Mountaingrove" title="Ruth Mountaingrove">Ruth Mountaingrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_O%27Leary" title="Jean O'Leary">Jean O'Leary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Parker" title="Pat Parker">Pat Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Penelope" title="Julia Penelope">Julia Penelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Raymond" title="Janice Raymond">Janice Raymond</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adrienne Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sloan-Hunter" title="Margaret Sloan-Hunter">Margaret Sloan-Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Smith" title="Barbara Smith">Barbara Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cris_Williamson" title="Cris Williamson">Cris Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_Wittig" title="Monique Wittig">Monique Wittig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Zimmerman" title="Bonnie Zimmerman">Bonnie Zimmerman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lesbian_feminist_organizations" title="List of lesbian feminist organizations">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMASONG" title="AMASONG">AMASONG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Bookstore_Cooperative" title="Amazon Bookstore Cooperative">Amazon Bookstore Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjaree" title="Anjaree">Anjaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_Singers" title="Artemis Singers">Artemis Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Lesbian_Feminist_Alliance" title="Atlanta Lesbian Feminist Alliance">Atlanta Lesbian Feminist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi-National_Lesbian_Conference" title="Bi-National Lesbian Conference">Bi-National Lesbian Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Lesbian_Liberation" title="Chicago Lesbian Liberation">Chicago Lesbian Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combahee_River_Collective" title="Combahee River Collective">Combahee River Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connexxus_Women%27s_Center/Centro_de_Mujeres" title="Connexxus Women's Center/Centro de Mujeres">Connexxus Women's Center/Centro de Mujeres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Bilitis" title="Daughters of Bilitis">Daughters of Bilitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Bilitis_(Australia)" title="Daughters of Bilitis (Australia)">Daughters of Bilitis (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Feminists" title="The Feminists">The Feminists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Black_Lesbian_Conference" title="First Black Lesbian Conference">First Black Lesbian Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Furies_Collective" title="The Furies Collective">The Furies Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Women%27s_Alternative" title="Gay Women's Alternative">Gay Women's Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouines_rouges" title="Gouines rouges">Gouines rouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_L._Mazer_Lesbian_Archives" title="June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives">June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_Menace" title="Lavender Menace">Lavender Menace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Revolutionary_Feminist_Group" title="Leeds Revolutionary Feminist Group">Leeds Revolutionary Feminist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Art_Project" title="Lesbian Art Project">Lesbian Art Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Avengers" title="Lesbian Avengers">Lesbian Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Feminist_Liberation" title="Lesbian Feminist Liberation">Lesbian Feminist Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Herstory_Archives" title="Lesbian Herstory Archives">Lesbian Herstory Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Movement_(Denmark)" title="Lesbian Movement (Denmark)">Lesbian Movement (Denmark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Organization_of_Toronto" title="Lesbian Organization of Toronto">Lesbian Organization of Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_Against_Pit_Closures" title="Lesbians Against Pit Closures">Lesbians Against Pit Closures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Legion_of_Lesbians" title="Lincoln Legion of Lesbians">Lincoln Legion of Lesbians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujeres_Creando" title="Mujeres Creando">Mujeres Creando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Women%27s_Land_Trust" title="Oregon Women's Land Trust">Oregon Women's Land Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_Soul_Sisters" title="Salsa Soul Sisters">Salsa Soul Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Spit" title="Sister Spit">Sister Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_for_Homophile_Equality" title="Sisters for Homophile Equality">Sisters for Homophile Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Dykes" title="Van Dykes">Van Dykes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butch_(lesbian_slang)" title="Butch (lesbian slang)">Butch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butch_and_femme" title="Butch and femme">Butch and femme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_heterosexuality" title="Compulsory heterosexuality">Compulsory heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyke_(slang)" title="Dyke (slang)">Dyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_separatism" title="Feminist separatism">Feminist separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femme" title="Femme">Femme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism">Gender-critical feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_bed_death" title="Lesbian bed death">Lesbian bed death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_erasure" title="Lesbian erasure">Lesbian erasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_in_Francoist_Spain" title="Lesbians in Francoist Spain">Lesbians in Francoist Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_in_the_Spanish_Second_Republic" title="Lesbians in the Spanish Second Republic">Lesbians in the Spanish Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_lesbian" title="Lipstick lesbian">Lipstick lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_lesbianism" title="Political lesbianism">Political lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_lesbianism" title="Radical lesbianism">Radical lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_butch" title="Soft butch">Soft butch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_butch" title="Stone butch">Stone butch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_femme" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone femme">Stone femme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-Haul_lesbian" title="U-Haul lesbian">U-Haul lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womyn-born_womyn" title="Womyn-born womyn">Womyn-born womyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womyn%27s_land" title="Womyn's land">Womyn's land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Les_Gu%C3%A9rill%C3%A8res" title="Les Guérillères">Les Guérillères</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Nation" title="Lesbian Nation">Lesbian Nation</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Corps_Lesbien" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Corps Lesbien">Le Corps Lesbien</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lover_(novel)" title="Lover (novel)">Lover</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wanderground" title="The Wanderground">The Wanderground</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zami:_A_New_Spelling_of_My_Name" title="Zami: A New Spelling of My Name">Zami: A New Spelling of My Name</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian/Woman" title="Lesbian/Woman">Lesbian/Woman</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Straight_Mind_and_Other_Essays" title="The Straight Mind and Other Essays">The Straight Mind and Other Essays</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boots_of_Leather,_Slippers_of_Gold" title="Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold">Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_Silence_Will_Not_Protect_You" title="Your Silence Will Not Protect You">Your Silence Will Not Protect You</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Die_Freundin" title="Die Freundin">Die Freundin</a> (1924–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Versa_(magazine)" title="Vice Versa (magazine)">Vice Versa</a> (1947–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ladder_(magazine)" title="The Ladder (magazine)">The Ladder</a> (1956–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Three" title="Arena Three">Arena Three</a> (1963-1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Woman-Identified_Woman" title="The Woman-Identified Woman">The Woman-Identified Woman</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off_Our_Backs" title="Off Our Backs">Off Our Backs</a> (1970–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_Woman" title="Lavender Woman">Lavender Woman</a> (1971–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Tide" title="Lesbian Tide">Lesbian Tide</a> (1971–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dykes_%26_Gorgons" title="Dykes & Gorgons">Dykes & Gorgons</a> (1973–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Feminist_Circle" title="Lesbian Feminist Circle">Lesbian Feminist Circle</a> (1973–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WomanSpirit" title="WomanSpirit">WomanSpirit</a> (1974–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Connection" title="Lesbian Connection">Lesbian Connection</a> (1974–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditions_(magazine)" title="Conditions (magazine)">Conditions</a> (1976–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinister_Wisdom" title="Sinister Wisdom">Sinister Wisdom</a> (1976–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azalea:_A_Magazine_by_Third_World_Lesbians" title="Azalea: A Magazine by Third World Lesbians">Azalea: A Magazine by Third World Lesbians</a> (1977–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Lives/Lesbian_Lives" title="Common Lives/Lesbian Lives">Common Lives/Lesbian Lives</a> (1980–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx:_Black_Lesbian_Newsletter" title="Onyx: Black Lesbian Newsletter">Onyx: Black Lesbian Newsletter</a> (1982–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazones_d%27Hier,_Lesbiennes_d%27Aujourd%27hui" title="Amazones d'Hier, Lesbiennes d'Aujourd'hui">Amazones d'Hier, Lesbiennes d'Aujourd'hui</a> (1982–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dykes_to_Watch_Out_For" title="Dykes to Watch Out For">Dykes to Watch Out For</a> (1983–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hothead_Paisan" title="Hothead Paisan">Hothead Paisan</a> (1991–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_(magazine)" title="Diva (magazine)">Diva</a> (1994–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Lesbian_Studies" title="Journal of Lesbian Studies">Journal of Lesbian Studies</a> (1997–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_World" title="Jane's World">Jane's World</a> (1998–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curve_(magazine)" title="Curve (magazine)">Curve</a> (2000–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AfterEllen" title="AfterEllen">AfterEllen</a> (2002–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvetpark" title="Velvetpark">Velvetpark</a> (2007–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Gadsby:_Nanette" title="Hannah Gadsby: Nanette">Hannah Gadsby: Nanette</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Actions and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cineffable" title="Cineffable">Cineffable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyke_march" title="Dyke march">Dyke march</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_bar" title="Lesbian bar">Lesbian bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_flags" title="Lesbian flags">Lesbian flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_literature" title="Lesbian literature">Lesbian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_pulp_fiction" title="Lesbian pulp fiction">Lesbian pulp fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud%27s_(bar)" title="Maud's (bar)">Maud's (bar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Womyn%27s_Music_Festival" title="Michigan Womyn's Music Festival">Michigan Womyn's Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherpeace_Tarot" title="Motherpeace Tarot">Motherpeace Tarot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Moving_Coffeehouse" title="Mountain Moving Coffeehouse">Mountain Moving Coffeehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Records" title="Olivia Records">Olivia Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Lesbian_and_Feminist_Film_Festival" title="Paris Lesbian and Feminist Film Festival">Paris Lesbian and Feminist Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peg%27s_Place_(bar)" title="Peg's Place (bar)">Peg's Place (bar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Some_Prefer_Cake" title="Some Prefer Cake">Some Prefer Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_music" title="Women's music">Women's music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Week_Provincetown" title="Women's Week Provincetown">Women's Week Provincetown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/16px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/24px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/32px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Feminism" title="Portal:Feminism">Feminism portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270705#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270705#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270705#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000118721672">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/16565">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1799606/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvxy3PHQ7FkxcmMTCXDbd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118744895">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2010203172">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119218283">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119218283">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00473725">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV054658">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35450548">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2003193270&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1087791">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/75939">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068537972">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90107402">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000005751&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000066609&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200206416">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/0xbfj5vj3h6fw66">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810651416705606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007267015405171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058508866406706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14311980">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01125770?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/5f61e5fd-4338-4f89-a286-ad6ee5e0a514">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/957343">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118744895.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118744895">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027687805">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60m2zqs">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output 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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/21px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/32px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/42px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="274" /> <a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/29px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/38px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Feminism" title="Portal:Feminism">Feminism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/19px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/29px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/38px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" 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