CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917a04ef7ed4fdcf',cH: 'tihD_HrKkzxSHzB0sq7LPpVse.p56e2RUDWrgqjmzsw-1740510876-1.2.1.1-K.XMCtCY.6J99wDGQEUFAYgSDa8zytS9LXba68VTTeWMQOrwePQMLwPOIxhKXgLj',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=MEF&__cf_chl_tk=X8a49NTbllAvBTtag8VNihgU7iXsZ099BcTmB5lqF.s-1740510876-1.0.1.1-_81yHpf9ckPKQZ5hYU_tBEsWvnXtDVcxwB.yHE.CpIU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740510876',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=MEF&__cf_chl_f_tk=X8a49NTbllAvBTtag8VNihgU7iXsZ099BcTmB5lqF.s-1740510876-1.0.1.1-_81yHpf9ckPKQZ5hYU_tBEsWvnXtDVcxwB.yHE.CpIU",md: "P4zqyV7j00KcunECYQQ6pRJmboHXpVJCkEk9Y3rxA3U-1740510876-1.2.1.1-MSZbt9vKEN8PVUQDWM0F4ZWvJSmSujje9fzlCKI8_JS3bQ6SCU2TEP6HHI8tK2MizJ6_1UqiG2m1qlff4CREe.L4VuTQI9JIrhIPCgFNFgiZCq44L1djbrF5LUutttilOZulCEk7w03sQIJ66VU5CF935ZxOIQ6Giho2H7VUX_HOff6MpgAQkfjlt0DaTNuSukvqChYxjx3sZGCEHoAr9T3UtDxjdldEtMhqz9k8oenea0sRKLCbuL07N47lM.K_m2rK286SotPu1dt.L2oMKakD1sYOKAPs7lWLY_ymfh1iLEl9qKjzhG6XqbxMLuKTBKPkHVX8aAYcAgRH7TNtKn5c7KhXAOeaeI.sDQaXMVlgCO1SWZsT0oA3ntSWQvtJohjJhUm6y4vYjR1fYzO0GS_zsl1U3p6S2biZ_Y8o6UdM4JknMLvU8XUuflRITDpdo3sdlhTyZUY1DJem4PPZfkBrknJKJAOA8TaT.2sQOF4mlHbU.wsmZ7.GCMZ8Aa3QZWl2ib33ZKx1PcbrYlmTqRunJ5GLDvhXr11JYgIdeR_zlO4J.vzW6j8T8SUwA5843ru_eYSkF2wsxChrfqWPTOeMrxAXqA8F9jE8tUmaSa1Zto_Dm_DDmuYtdvCQPMeHz9beLL0pyL5hEj5TKLvantBB8w2DcMTu8XYjfkbEPfwDiG8rrogeTGlRoFS3bpVmI686mdCpAImAiTWbX5CGyJJEdwcgR8Kwe3aSCxMaZr6NWPLYPpfzC3C6XBmNa26Vg_JM9r1edmzIP0_l.8JjL2cA0EPROSStoofgPEGaWtkkMYGMmgNAQsYoLPoD43fUvAUYl2EIzTjyYVkiagdiza6.TpRyPr_chzUOjUw3uELePXcUHQlOb6uRRFdLjxGrsFXC0FEjJEh6QtWdXics_T4MaG0.vX354mg650NoQD3.nGpbCig8SYePPriHjVgvsj_VHI.44oQNLVxjNvkhlZvC7muzW7tX8ZLaEmn6lGbX2zfThk8Nh._K9_hqfCyjgFtnxKkwv1HTnhgAd6p1_m2By5ng38ojHgz.6AU.BLBQHrOyhw_pgLV7rRHHgzsg5QriIS5q8AWIyR_EpvTUGL8CVfFa4bpiyMHonQFfdkscFia0d1KpZ5isR1lsyDP_9ys_3J6pgs1kCJ9yCXJI0YlCDvZsU4bYsIt1De_Yji_lixsuXRMaRemRFEZxW.SCvT0NrOQeM0slxW8sm16uO.PbEi3OL0iV6CY0lUlmI4H5Q1sDQ3cRd41gGMnUGxpHr1TL.MMbQP3S1i8Z5FWgkC18dEbdUbQdsM674rNTrNyDzPXjfpWiXJ8vzeUnDeg6TcqKAH4vIh3bhBqgwjiwzUdbG3N_TybOIprTOwgwQgttx.kApnXJOVJujpxpFYwD28GsGaDFbZJ6_x6PowPjMmXtNCS_Mysnyzesfxgxe1xXPP8J5N1b6KFqFM1UsNVqTFhGtZK0.G2xW_fp_jXIj8EdBBkGyl4qqXXR.XhLleRD67OJCcAlIqSWJ9luOEZSVtisJ7u59YbHFP272HAJxMdrDtYrxulQjWm_TUwH8gT4R4Ptm5nWNQIclcKnFlsUqBVt5sjjlVTXyrvpCYS7wdVmD5.0MiLgtd7yNGaZm_YqlWjV9AxD9H4VIJNVFfo4Kh9EnWa7Cs5VgumQ0RaK15IWZm0DgUygDsBVzci3vVNxBsQ..KO3FcblVF_aSkCqNqXS0RuZ1LEfze4h_Y80MSYvSSTHhuqk1FP1MML3Qw1.wSDodCCVFyavzL18UisviTnD4jCj8seS83HgaXAgAiBl78EJxSfwJR_FJgM4nPIQzq2PORTCcMl.ETPTyzuZLaI2IvTFP1whTZf16IgPD8wLGGQXuFDpSXTMYaHS1dnCWQwuSMEucWw_Xu.PCxbx",mdrd: "4ikxdEdIsywK1gq.Ihw8jPIFvVYeZ8sI6TsYHUgE17s-1740510876-1.2.1.1-13CTnaRJqC.RSYLrHGrlbTWZ89lAwD_140BQU1VQTN8VoBDZjRiqYn7T8XQICoNCknreCtPcYb0fxrQoMCWwWye9o._3HFmWYoY0uGLZo.BtQn2dUlbNtvPkIQvPcnqNn5Q6yZpPV2YxsxkN5tZoTh_klrMt7DsWunKV_LQfrB2JCTmmyG9HyflqRHSvPdUgDqTvQ4IY.aoEXQban9mA.juRUwSD.SXvTzwObKj2NfGYLQdjahe4fKHOpZd_wWp6hByEvSdLFnMvW2G7BJ8MGdbdXdvGxzlB7vzMnuIVnUzvpn3QYlXfdkNCaQxOWJYc5NzVlVjmprIH29YgDCBOyi_P6w6nWpICPfFWoaDgez2DCMuxWKSyKGs..lH0A.TV79GMdN4a3Qu9S2pZm.A9k1XsHgO._ZolNbxPrSMGftxMiCMkYjOHVkAUn1MCPeRRuBqWxWNP2fzb1JhsGVa8C5RxJGZD9suRpyw6yiS.VMdyF9EaszZJeL_.LTxhTsOGCtyHmzEMcIS3gEFvGODucyTaDCqY.NSuvpGu1pByGe3ON8Oishwm1BySCIq6NsnHsm8cnuC_9Ld74uLvmak76ur852fV.xEIwRALOiAAoC79oCAgO8pBRrGqiW1G.qzdUJGVIrV.T6wNYaeK8YPZQiBzlHLAk7LI1zRoY_2_.Nzw9PVaC32TIiSsdBECmAEAxTARAYGdb.nv7_YDzMgfwJ3PNY6.EplWDBKf8PHiY61UO0oX.G9cpk2nF5Jx3U7O0Dwz4S8QE4e4qjK2cF7J6vdZVw8a_.Rj_wZ.itZ1svqO.xWzt9dnjvk2cEB9KQagACGzROxEoP3YQBNCZzxWQbeyZmluYnn9fzuZR8nfzdU3ZM4MZSMcomB3OEuSJQY20pPHcdCWcqBlz1SKBkR0A8coao3B7Sat4vgyjxodXTqWCpj5.dEqlL3iUC0LSPZBnQH_0YbKB7ZvBGu6XRaSm7FvDs0wRumckB3.8sa_9pVsAfLBGCIx94co_XqJZDnWcnE57.otxkSwK8gTpY6gAvgaZ0yO.8qCt9Fj1.txVIH8LHhJM.WLploaep0pUduzmVNjtfFGIzh36aqjVv0jJIr4OVt9rT0HsjrWsvR7EtLfHynjLdyLh0XMEM0lW6THCACfNoSVr4gIm.LaerADskXMK_PsvUePiOnmHChXIevZkiiOvts.tN6nVbDuKB4hUe.Ip1vF6DcVCpqLu6iSPfnMLuIr7Zanj_astJbOm9j1zQ1QgxrMYJop277y9fgXFLxwfb8b.xUspCrqzq8B4Xu6W0MRaSwWc3fTUPdHAH8AlBtZvyxXtgu7X6lVV4z9G4aAhvH1MkbuiVzpQTc0nP6IF_AXNWc9ZJEiw4qfWgxDYcEkNm.VDBYcX3qv7_Qgz7A91_6PPwiVJdlz4iJkYp7BrofiDP92PjG3sr1I4X85Lly6kAaXtmoETJAmKnBJCotpC.oaQ8M6i4yJz4m1suU6tSQOZbOPXb0vAt453MOlsi9URsjfR0k16biHk4ZdE2iZiO8yfyvUI1Zz8_dI8QC8CX8f2HqOMOiC.L7elZrfmj1SjU6E_Y7m4BJKj8CEwphtU8v65YSJjF4gy0IZC8fy.NgJgzMuA1np8WsUWcESYtuPqz5lcMrZa2.SAttRt09JbFXeFt553woX2i1l2aGgtzSD_O_EDk7QQLdfz4rveG7SdPXPNcKkBtFlT1dVutJE7Ij4kQoz0k6AM1S9tBJMLzrl7Dq1IUiFKdhmxICb5vqIo9y0EAsr5.IadcECWXUVJ4gcNMAtrTVZY6d76ZXYWinpnJoeZAJNhWQQ.m9LQd47sFK6BLjBRik1Cqo3qSV3MfhCo5p0kvMyCxZ.tSlb9nSZXSbobzTsF4lrw7xcGO2y9jsjLEyIxdN0tJJl3k7c4RpG5TwcP.XBmCQCJXLiY2SHs5va12CZ8bqoV5s"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917a04ef7ed4fdcf';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=MEF&__cf_chl_rt_tk=X8a49NTbllAvBTtag8VNihgU7iXsZ099BcTmB5lqF.s-1740510876-1.0.1.1-_81yHpf9ckPKQZ5hYU_tBEsWvnXtDVcxwB.yHE.CpIU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>