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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolegium_Kardynalskie_Grzegorza_VIII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolegium_Kardynalskie_Grzegorza_VIII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kolegium Kardynalskie Grzegorza VIII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolegium_Kardynalskie_Grzegorza_VIII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grzegorz VIII (antypapież)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 26 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenpous_Gregorius_VIII" title="Teenpous Gregorius VIII – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Teenpous Gregorius VIII" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregori_VIII_(antipapa)" title="Gregori VIII (antipapa) – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gregori VIII (antipapa)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_VIII._(Gegenpapst)" title="Gregor VIII. (Gegenpapst) – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gregor VIII. (Gegenpapst)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%97%CE%84" title="Αντίπαπας Γρηγόριος Η΄ – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντίπαπας Γρηγόριος Η΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Gregory_VIII" title="Antipope Gregory VIII – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Antipope Gregory VIII" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_VIII_(antipapa)" title="Gregorio VIII (antipapa) – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gregorio VIII (antipapa)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_VIII.a_(antipapa)" title="Gregorio VIII.a (antipapa) – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gregorio VIII.a (antipapa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_VIII_(antipape)" title="Grégoire VIII (antipape) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grégoire VIII (antipape)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_VIII,_antipapa" title="Gregorio VIII, antipapa – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gregorio VIII, antipapa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80_VIII_(%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BA)" title="Գրիգոր VIII (հակապապ) – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրիգոր VIII (հակապապ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grgur_VIII.,_protupapa" title="Grgur VIII., protupapa – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grgur VIII., protupapa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa_Gregorio_VIII" title="Antipapa Gregorio VIII – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antipapa Gregorio VIII" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_(%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99-%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8)" title="גרגוריוס השמיני (אנטי-אפיפיור) – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרגוריוס השמיני (אנטי-אפיפיור)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorius_VIII_(antipapa)" title="Gregorius VIII (antipapa) – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gregorius VIII (antipapa)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIII._Gergely_(ellenp%C3%A1pa)" title="VIII. Gergely (ellenpápa) – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="VIII. Gergely (ellenpápa)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_(%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)" title="جريجورى التامن (قسيس من فرنسا) – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جريجورى التامن (قسيس من فرنسا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegenpaus_Gregorius_VIII" title="Tegenpaus Gregorius VIII – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tegenpaus Gregorius VIII" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B98%E4%B8%96_(%E5%AF%BE%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%87)" title="グレゴリウス8世 (対立教皇) – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グレゴリウス8世 (対立教皇)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa_Greg%C3%B3rio_VIII" title="Antipapa Gregório VIII – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antipapa Gregório VIII" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_VIII_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0)" title="Григорий VIII (антипапа) – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Григорий VIII (антипапа)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protipape%C5%BE_Gregor_VIII." title="Protipapež Gregor VIII. – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Protipapež Gregor VIII." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa_Grgur_VIII" title="Antipapa Grgur VIII – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antipapa Grgur VIII" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorius_VIII_(motp%C3%A5ve)" title="Gregorius VIII (motpåve) – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gregorius VIII (motpåve)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa_Gregorio_VIII" title="Antipapa Gregorio VIII – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Antipapa Gregorio VIII" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9_VIII_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0)" title="Григорій VIII (антипапа) – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Григорій VIII (антипапа)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1o_ho%C3%A0ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_l%E1%BA%ADp_Gr%C3%AAg%C3%B4ri%C3%B4_VIII" title="Giáo hoàng đối lập Grêgôriô VIII – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo hoàng đối lập Grêgôriô VIII" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65229128">.mw-parser-output .infobox.duchowny-ksiadz .naglowek{color:white;background:black}.mw-parser-output .infobox.duchowny-biskup .naglowek{color:white;background:#E56DC4}.mw-parser-output .infobox.duchowny-patriarcha .naglowek{color:white;background:#BA55D3}.mw-parser-output .infobox.duchowny-kardynal .naglowek{color:white;background:#FF2400}.mw-parser-output .infobox.duchowny-papiez .naglowek{color:black;background:gold}.mw-parser-output .infobox.duchowny-cywil .naglowek{color:black;background:#C0C0C0}.mw-parser-output .infobox.duchowny-ksiadz .naglowek a{color:#a7d4ff}</style> <table class="infobox duchowny-papiez"> <caption class="naglowek"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Grzegorz VIII</div><div class="iboxt-2">Maurice Bourdin</div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Antypapie%C5%BC" title="Antypapież">antypapież</a> </td></tr> <tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Burdinus,_Antipope_under_Pope_Calixtus_II_(CXCVIIv).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antypapież Grzegorz VIII przed papieżem Kalikstem II (ilustracja z Kroniki norymberskiej)"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Burdinus%2C_Antipope_under_Pope_Calixtus_II_%28CXCVIIv%29.jpg/240px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Burdinus%2C_Antipope_under_Pope_Calixtus_II_%28CXCVIIv%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Burdinus%2C_Antipope_under_Pope_Calixtus_II_%28CXCVIIv%29.jpg/360px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Burdinus%2C_Antipope_under_Pope_Calixtus_II_%28CXCVIIv%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Burdinus%2C_Antipope_under_Pope_Calixtus_II_%28CXCVIIv%29.jpg/480px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Burdinus%2C_Antipope_under_Pope_Calixtus_II_%28CXCVIIv%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="1948" /></a></span><br />Antypapież Grzegorz VIII przed papieżem <a href="/wiki/Kalikst_II" title="Kalikst II">Kalikstem II</a> (ilustracja z <a href="/wiki/Liber_Chronicarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Chronicarum">Kroniki norymberskiej</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data urodzenia </th> <td> <p>brak danych </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data śmierci </th> <td> <p>ok. 1140 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">Antypapież </td></tr> <tr> <th>Okres sprawowania </th> <td> <p>1118-1121 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">Arcybiskup Bragi </td></tr> <tr> <th>Okres sprawowania </th> <td> <p>1109-1118 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Wyznanie" title="Wyznanie">Wyznanie</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Katolicyzm" title="Katolicyzm">katolicyzm</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_(organizacja)" title="Kościół (organizacja)">Kościół</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_%C5%82aci%C5%84ski" title="Kościół łaciński">rzymskokatolicki</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pontyfikat" title="Pontyfikat">Pontyfikat</a> </th> <td> <p>8 marca 1118 </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gregorius_VIII_(antipapa)" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gregorius_VIII_(antipapa)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gregorius VIII (antipapa)">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Grzegorz VIII</b> (właśc. <b>Maurice Bourdin</b>; zm. ok. <a href="/wiki/1140" title="1140">1140</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-1">[1]</a></sup>) – <a href="/wiki/Antypapie%C5%BC" title="Antypapież">antypapież</a> w okresie od 8 marca 1118 do kwietnia 1121<sup id="cite_ref-Wollpert_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wollpert-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grzegorz_VIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grzegorz_VIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Z pochodzenia <a href="/wiki/Francja" title="Francja">Francuz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benedyktyni" title="Benedyktyni">benedyktyn</a> z <a href="/wiki/Cluny" title="Cluny">Cluny</a>, od 1099 sprawował urząd <a href="/wiki/Biskup" title="Biskup">biskupa</a> <a href="/wiki/Diecezja_Coimbra" class="mw-redirect" title="Diecezja Coimbra">Coimbry</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-1">[1]</a></sup>. Po odbyciu pielgrzymki do <a href="/wiki/Ziemia_%C5%9Awi%C4%99ta" title="Ziemia Święta">Ziemi Świętej</a> został <a href="/wiki/Archidiecezja_Bragi" title="Archidiecezja Bragi">arcybiskupem Bragi</a> w 1109<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-1">[1]</a></sup>. Dążąc do rozszerzenia jurysdykcji <a href="/wiki/Metropolia_Bragi" title="Metropolia Bragi">swojej metropolii</a> popadł w konflikt z <a href="/wiki/Biskupi_i_arcybiskupi_Toledo" title="Biskupi i arcybiskupi Toledo">prymasem Hiszpanii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arcybiskup" title="Arcybiskup">arcybiskupem</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_de_Sedirac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard de Sedirac (strona nie istnieje)">Bernardem</a> z <a href="/wiki/Toledo_(Hiszpania)" title="Toledo (Hiszpania)">Toledo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-1">[1]</a></sup>. W związku z tym konfliktem został wezwany do Rzymu przez papieża <a href="/wiki/Paschalis_II" title="Paschalis II">Paschalisa II</a> w 1114<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-1">[1]</a></sup>. W 1116 Paschalis II powierzył mu misję wobec króla niemieckiego <a href="/wiki/Henryk_V_Salicki" title="Henryk V Salicki">Henryka V</a>, który przybył wówczas ze zbrojną wyprawą do Italii w związku z tzw. <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%B3r_o_inwestytur%C4%99" title="Spór o inwestyturę">sporem o inwestyturę</a>, między cesarstwem a papiestwem<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-1">[1]</a></sup>. Maurycy przeszedł wówczas na stronę cesarza i został <a href="/wiki/Ekskomunika" title="Ekskomunika">ekskomunikowany</a> przez Paschalisa II<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>Po śmierci Paschalisa II doszło do <a href="/wiki/Papieska_elekcja_1118" title="Papieska elekcja 1118">wyboru</a> <a href="/wiki/Gelazjusz_II" title="Gelazjusz II">Gelazjusza II</a>, którego nie uznała jednak partia cesarska w Rzymie. 8 marca 1118 Henryk V po uprzednim opanowaniu Rzymu doprowadził do unieważnienia elekcji Gelazjusza i desygnował na papieża arcybiskupa Maurycego, który przyjął imię Grzegorza VIII<sup id="cite_ref-Wollpert_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wollpert-2">[2]</a></sup>. W rewanżu koronował on Henryka V na cesarza. Obrzucony klątwą przez papieża Gelazjusza II Grzegorz VIII został ostatecznie pokonany i zdetronizowany przez <a href="/wiki/Kalikst_II" title="Kalikst II">Kaliksta II</a> w kwietniu 1121 roku<sup id="cite_ref-Wollpert_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wollpert-2">[2]</a></sup>. Do końca życia był więziony w różnych klasztorach<sup id="cite_ref-Wollpert_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wollpert-2">[2]</a></sup>. Zmarł prawdopodobnie w <a href="/wiki/Opactwo_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_Tr%C3%B3jcy_w_Cava_de%E2%80%99_Tirreni" title="Opactwo Świętej Trójcy w Cava de’ Tirreni">opactwie SS. Trinita di Cava</a>, ok. 1140 roku<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kolegium_Kardynalskie_Grzegorza_VIII">Kolegium Kardynalskie Grzegorza VIII</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grzegorz_VIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Kolegium Kardynalskie Grzegorza VIII" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grzegorz_VIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Kolegium Kardynalskie Grzegorza VIII"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brak danych o kardynałach mianowanych przez Grzegorza VIII, wiadomo jednak, że w marcu 1118 roku jego władzę uznało trzech kardynałów mianowanych jeszcze przez <a href="/wiki/Klemens_III_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Klemens III (antypapież)">antypapieża Klemensa III</a> (1084-1100): </p> <ul><li>Romanus – kardynał prezbiter S. Marco i prepozyt kościoła S. Marcello</li> <li>Cinthius – kardynał prezbiter S. Crisogono</li> <li>Teuzo – kardynał prezbiter</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grzegorz_VIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grzegorz_VIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antypapie%C5%BC" title="Antypapież">Antypapież</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poczet_papie%C5%BCy" title="Poczet papieży">Poczet papieży</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grzegorz_VIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grzegorz_VIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kelly-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_1-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_1-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_1-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_1-7">h</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/John_Norman_Davidson_Kelly" title="John Norman Davidson Kelly">John N. D. Kelly</a>: <i>Encyklopedia papieży</i>. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1997, s. 228-229. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8306026330" title="Specjalna:Książki/8306026330">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-06-02633-0</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyklopedia+papie%C5%BCy&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=John+N.+D.&rft.date=1997&rft.pub=Pa%C5%84stwowy+Instytut+Wydawniczy&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=228-229&rft.isbn=83-06-02633-0"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wollpert-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wollpert_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wollpert_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wollpert_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wollpert_2-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rudolf Fischer-Wollpert: <i>Leksykon papieży</i>. Kraków: Znak, 1996, s. 82. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/837006437X" title="Specjalna:Książki/837006437X">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-7006-437-X</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leksykon+papie%C5%BCy&rft.aulast=Fischer-Wollpert&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rft.date=1996&rft.pub=Znak&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pages=82&rft.isbn=83-7006-437-X"></span></cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grzegorz_VIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grzegorz_VIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06795b.htm">Gregory VIII</a>. Catholic Encyclopedia. [dostęp 2013-03-21]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .before,.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .after{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background:#ccf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Antypapie%C5%BCe" title="Szablon:Antypapieże"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Antypapie%C5%BCe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Antypapieże (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Antypapie%C5%BCe&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Antypapie%C5%BC" title="Antypapież">Antypapieże</a> według <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_katolicki" title="Kościół katolicki">Kościoła katolickiego</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/III_wiek" title="III wiek">III wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hipolit_Rzymski" title="Hipolit Rzymski">Hipolit Rzymski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowacjan" title="Nowacjan">Nowacjan</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/IV_wiek" title="IV wiek">IV wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feliks_II" title="Feliks II">Feliks II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursyn_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Ursyn (antypapież)">Ursyn</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/V_wiek" title="V wiek">V wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eulaliusz" title="Eulaliusz">Eulaliusz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawrzyniec_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Wawrzyniec (antypapież)">Wawrzyniec</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/VI_wiek" title="VI wiek">VI wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dioskur_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Dioskur (antypapież)">Dioskuros</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/VII_wiek" title="VII wiek">VII wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Teodor (antypapież)">Teodor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschalis_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Paschalis (antypapież)">Paschalis</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a6"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/VIII_wiek" title="VIII wiek">VIII wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantyn_II_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Konstantyn II (antypapież)">Konstantyn II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filip_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Filip (antypapież)">Filip</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a7"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/IX_wiek" title="IX wiek">IX wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_VIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Jan VIII (antypapież)">Jan VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastazy_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Anastazy (antypapież)">Anastazy III</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a8"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/X_wiek" title="X wiek">X wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Krzysztof (antypapież)">Krzysztof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donus_II" title="Donus II">Donus II</a> (domniemany antypapież)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonifacy_VII" title="Bonifacy VII">Bonifacy VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_XVI" title="Jan XVI">Jan XVI</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a9"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/XI_wiek" title="XI wiek">XI wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_VI_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Grzegorz VI (antypapież)">Grzegorz VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedykt_X" title="Benedykt X">Benedykt X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honoriusz_II_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Honoriusz II (antypapież)">Honoriusz II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_III_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Klemens III (antypapież)">Klemens III</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a10"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/XII_wiek" title="XII wiek">XII wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teodoryk_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Teodoryk (antypapież)">Teodoryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Albert (antypapież)">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylwester_IV" title="Sylwester IV">Sylwester IV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grzegorz VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teobaldo_Boccapecora" title="Teobaldo Boccapecora">Celestyn II</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[A]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaklet_II" title="Anaklet II">Anaklet II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiktor_IV_(antypapie%C5%BC_1138)" title="Wiktor IV (antypapież 1138)">Wiktor IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiktor_IV_(antypapie%C5%BC_1159%E2%80%931164)" title="Wiktor IV (antypapież 1159–1164)">Wiktor IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschalis_III" title="Paschalis III">Paschalis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalikst_III_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Kalikst III (antypapież)">Kalikst III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenty_III_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Innocenty III (antypapież)">Innocenty III</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a11"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/XIV_wiek" title="XIV wiek">XIV wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_V_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Mikołaj V (antypapież)">Mikołaj V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_VII_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Klemens VII (antypapież)">Klemens VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedykt_XIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Benedykt XIII (antypapież)">Benedykt XIII</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a12"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/XV_wiek" title="XV wiek">XV wiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_V_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Aleksander V (antypapież)">Aleksander V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_XXIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Jan XXIII (antypapież)">Jan XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_VIII_(antypapie%C5%BC)" title="Klemens VIII (antypapież)">Klemens VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feliks_V" title="Feliks V">Feliks V</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="hlist navbox-below below"> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection refsection-nav"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Celestyn II ostatecznie nie objął urzędu. Od czasów badań Mercatiego zaliczany do antypapieży, jednak we współczesnej historiografii klasyfikacja ta jest kwestionowana i proponuje się określać go jako „papież elekt”</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/77110777">77110777</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/nb2007018238">nb2007018238</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118718703">118718703</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/132216043">132216043</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3908473.html">3908473</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gregory-VIII-antipope">biography/Gregory-VIII-antipope</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0031075.xml">0031075</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grzegorz_VIII_(antypapież)&oldid=65328655">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grzegorz_VIII_(antypapież)&oldid=65328655</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Antypapie%C5%BCe" title="Kategoria:Antypapieże">Antypapieże</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ekskomunikowani_przez_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_katolicki" title="Kategoria:Ekskomunikowani przez Kościół katolicki">Ekskomunikowani przez Kościół katolicki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Zmarli_w_XII_wieku" title="Kategoria:Zmarli w XII wieku">Zmarli w XII wieku</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Urodzeni_w_XI_wieku" title="Kategoria:Urodzeni w XI wieku">Urodzeni w XI wieku</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 16 lis 2021, 01:30.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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