CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head profile="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/themes/aasjournals/css/reset.css"/> <link href="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/themes/aasjournals/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">  <link href="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/themes/aasjournals/css/fontawesome.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>About AAS Journals - AAS Journals</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://journals.aas.org/why-aas-journals/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="About AAS Journals - AAS Journals" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://journals.aas.org/why-aas-journals/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="AAS Journals" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/AmericanAstronomicalSociety" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-10-20T15:52:35+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/hero-img-whyAAS-1500x300px.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1500" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="300" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AAS_Publishing" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="2 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://journals.aas.org/why-aas-journals/","url":"https://journals.aas.org/why-aas-journals/","name":"About AAS Journals - AAS Journals","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://journals.aas.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://journals.aas.org/why-aas-journals/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://journals.aas.org/why-aas-journals/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/hero-img-whyAAS-1500x300px.jpg","datePublished":"2021-08-12T17:32:25+00:00","dateModified":"2023-10-20T15:52:35+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://journals.aas.org/why-aas-journals/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://journals.aas.org/why-aas-journals/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://journals.aas.org/why-aas-journals/#primaryimage","url":"https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/hero-img-whyAAS-1500x300px.jpg","contentUrl":"https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/hero-img-whyAAS-1500x300px.jpg","width":1500,"height":300},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://journals.aas.org/why-aas-journals/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://journals.aas.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"About AAS Journals"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://journals.aas.org/#website","url":"https://journals.aas.org/","name":"AAS Journals","description":"Journals | American Astronomical Society","publisher":{"@id":"https://journals.aas.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://journals.aas.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://journals.aas.org/#organization","name":"AAS","url":"https://journals.aas.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://journals.aas.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/AAS-Publishing-2-black.png","contentUrl":"https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/AAS-Publishing-2-black.png","width":2040,"height":390,"caption":"AAS"},"image":{"@id":"https://journals.aas.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/AmericanAstronomicalSociety","https://x.com/AAS_Publishing","https://www.instagram.com/aas_office/","https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-astronomical-society/"]}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="AAS Journals » Feed" href="https://journals.aas.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="AAS Journals » Comments Feed" href="https://journals.aas.org/comments/feed/" />  <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-F747N6BYNY" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '9.2.0'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/journals.aas.org\/why-aas-journals\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-F747N6BYNY', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-F747N6BYNY', {"forceSSL":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/journals.aas.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='aasjournals-theme-css' href='https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/themes/aasjournals/style.css?ver=2.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='layerslider-css' href='https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/plugins/LayerSlider/static/css/layerslider.css?ver=5.6.9' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ls-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:100,300,regular,700,900%7COpen+Sans:300%7CIndie+Flower:regular%7COswald:300,regular,700&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.9.8' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='contact-form-7-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wpcf7 .wpcf7-recaptcha iframe {margin-bottom: 0;}.wpcf7 .wpcf7-recaptcha[data-align="center"] > div {margin: 0 auto;}.wpcf7 .wpcf7-recaptcha[data-align="right"] > div {margin: 0 0 0 auto;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='js_composer_front-css' href='https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/css/js_composer.min.css?ver=7.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-for-wordpress/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?ver=9.2.0" id="monsterinsights-frontend-script-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>/* <![CDATA[ */ var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[]","home_url":"https:\/\/journals.aas.org","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-F747N6BYNY"};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/plugins/LayerSlider/static/js/greensock.js?ver=1.11.8" id="greensock-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="layerslider-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var LS_Meta = {"v":"5.6.9"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/plugins/LayerSlider/static/js/layerslider.kreaturamedia.jquery.js?ver=5.6.9" id="layerslider-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/plugins/LayerSlider/static/js/layerslider.transitions.js?ver=5.6.9" id="layerslider-transitions-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-7341249-15&ver=6.6.2" id="wk-analytics-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wk-analytics-script-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function shouldTrack(){ var trackLoggedIn = false; var loggedIn = false; if(!loggedIn){ return true; } else if( trackLoggedIn ) { return true; } return false; } function hasWKGoogleAnalyticsCookie() { return (new RegExp('wp_wk_ga_untrack_' + document.location.hostname)).test(document.cookie); } if (!hasWKGoogleAnalyticsCookie() && shouldTrack()) { //Google Analytics window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-7341249-15', { 'anonymize_ip': true }); } /* ]]> */ </script>  <script></script><meta name="generator" content="Powered by LayerSlider 5.6.9 - Multi-Purpose, Responsive, Parallax, Mobile-Friendly Slider Plugin for WordPress." />  <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://journals.aas.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://journals.aas.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/2135" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://journals.aas.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://journals.aas.org/?p=2135' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://journals.aas.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.aas.org%2Fwhy-aas-journals%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://journals.aas.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.aas.org%2Fwhy-aas-journals%2F&format=xml" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/themes/aasjournals/images/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://journals.aas.org/xmlrpc.php" />  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5L5HRLB');</script> <meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> strong { color: #333333 !important; } a strong{color:#007aa0 !important;} #page-content-wrapper a { text-decoration: underline; } h3.vc_custom_heading a { text-decoration: none !important; } a.vc_general.vc_btn3 { text-decoration: none !important; } a.btn { text-decoration: none !important; } h4 a { text-decoration: none !important; } .wpb_single_image .vc_figure-caption { font-size: 12px !important; } /* top right menu*/ .header_right ul li {margin-right:10px; padding-right:10px} /*visit journals button on journal pages*/ .visit-button a { font-size: 14px !important; } .visit-button { margin-top:-15px } #page-content-wrapper { background: #ffffff;} </style> <style type="text/css" data-type="vc_shortcodes-default-css">.vc_do_custom_heading{margin-bottom:0.625rem;margin-top:0;}</style><noscript><style> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript><link href="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/themes/aasjournals/css/responsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Sans:400,400i,700,700i&subset=cyrillic-ext,latin-ext" rel="stylesheet">   <script src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/themes/aasjournals/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/themes/aasjournals/js/js-functions.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <style type="text/css"> .no-js #loader { display: none; } .js #loader { display: block; position: absolute; left: 100px; top: 0; } .se-pre-con { position: fixed; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; background: url(https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/themes/aasjournals/images/preloader.png) center no-repeat #fff; z-index: 9999; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery( document ).ready( function ( j$ ) { // Animate loader off screen j$( ".se-pre-con" ).fadeOut(); } ); </script> </head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-2135 page-parent header-full-width content-sidebar wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-7.6 vc_responsive"> <div class="se-pre-con"></div> <div class="main inner-page-content">  <div class="header_wrapper">  <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container">  <div class="navbar-header"> </div>  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse padd_none" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <div class="menu-header-top-container"><ul id="menu-header-top" class="nav navbar-nav"><li id="menu-item-8" class="nav-left menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://aas.org/"><i class="fas fa-globe-americas"></i> AAS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9" class="nav-left current-site menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-9"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/">AAS Journals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10" class="nav-left menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://baas.aas.org/">BAAS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-11" class="nav-left menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-11"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="/aas-iop-ebooks/">AAS-IOP eBooks</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12" class="nav-left menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://aasnova.org/">AAS Nova</a></li> <li id="menu-item-948" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-948"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/aastex-package-for-manuscript-preparation/"><i class="fas fa-cog"></i> AASTeX</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.astroexplorer.org/">Astronomy Image Explorer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-15" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-15"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://astrothesaurus.org/">Unified Astronomy Thesaurus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-16"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFhVT3VzlwKrArGdcNhtSCF4NbDBd6K5_">YouTube Interviews</a></li> </ul></div> </div>  </div> </nav>  <div class="header"> <div class="header_top"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-md-12 padd_none"> <div class="logo"> <a href="https://journals.aas.org"> <img src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/AAS-Publishing-2-black.png"> </a> </div> <div class="header_right"> <div class="menu-header-right-container"><ul id="menu-header-right" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-3197" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3197"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/submission/">SUBMIT</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3019" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3019"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/author-resources/">Author Tools</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item menu-item-18"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/why-aas-journals/" aria-current="page">About AAS Journals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3456"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/policies/">Policies</a></li> </ul></div> <form role="search" method="get" class="header_right_form" action="https://journals.aas.org/"> <input value="" name="s" type="text"> <button type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="navigation"> <div class="container"> <span class="menu-text">Navigate: AAS Journals</span> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse padd_none" id="navbarNav"> <div class="menu-primary-container"><ul id="menu-primary" class="navigation-menu"><li id="menu-item-195" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-195"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/astrophysical-journal-letters/">astrophysical<br> journal letters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-194" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-194"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/astronomical-journal/">astronomical<br> journal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-193" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-193"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/astrophysical-journal/">astrophysical<br> journal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-192" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-192"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/astrophysical-supplement-series/">Astrophysical Journal<br> Supplement Series</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1636" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1636"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/planetary-science-journal/">Planetary Science<br>Journal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-191" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-191"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/research-notes/">Research Notes<br>of the AAS</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="menu-mobile-menu-container"><ul id="menu-mobile-menu" class="navigation-menu mobile-menu"><li id="menu-item-274" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-274"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/astrophysical-journal-letters/">Astrophysical Journal Letters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-276" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-276"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/astronomical-journal/">Astronomical Journal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-277" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-277"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/astrophysical-journal/">Astrophysical Journal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-278" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-278"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/astrophysical-supplement-series/">Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1637" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1637"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/planetary-science-journal/">Planetary Science Journal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-279" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-279"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/research-notes/">Research Notes of the AAS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-280" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-280"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://aas.org/"><i class="fas fa-globe-americas"></i> AAS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-281" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-281"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/">AAS Journals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-282" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-282"><a href="https://baas.aas.org/">BAAS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-283" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-283"><a href="https://aas.org/posts/news/2016/07/aas-iop-ebooks-welcomes-material-submissions">AAS-IOP eBooks</a></li> <li id="menu-item-284" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-284"><a href="https://aasnova.org/">AAS Nova</a></li> <li id="menu-item-286" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-286"><a href="http://www.astroexplorer.org/">Astronomy Image Explorer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-287" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-287"><a href="http://astrothesaurus.org/">Unified Astronomy Thesaurus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-288"><a href="http://worldwidetelescope.org/webclient/">WorldWide Telescope</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </nav> </div>  </div>   <div class="home_slider"> <div class="row"> <div class="banner"> <img width="1500" height="300" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/hero-img-whyAAS-1500x300px.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/hero-img-whyAAS-1500x300px.jpg 1500w, https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/hero-img-whyAAS-1500x300px-300x60.jpg 300w, https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/hero-img-whyAAS-1500x300px-1024x205.jpg 1024w, https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/hero-img-whyAAS-1500x300px-768x154.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px" />  <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div>  </div> </div> </div>  <div class="container"> <ul id="breadcrumbs" class="breadcrumbs"><li class="item-home 1"><a class="bread-link bread-home" href="https://journals.aas.org" title="Home">Home</a></li><li class="separator separator-home 2">   ❯   </li><li class="item-current item-2135 20"><span class="bread-current bread-2135"> About AAS Journals</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="content-wrapper"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-9 col-xs-12 content-right"> <div id="page-content-wrapper" class="content_wrapper_inner"> <h1 class="page-title why-aas-journals">About AAS Journals</h1> <div class="wpb-content-wrapper"><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid journals-col"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_left wpb_content_element"> <figure class="wpb_wrapper vc_figure"> <a href="/topical-corridors/" target="_self" class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img decoding="async" width="600" height="400" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/sidebar-authors-600x400-1.jpg" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="" title="sidebar-authors-600x400" srcset="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/sidebar-authors-600x400-1.jpg 600w, https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/sidebar-authors-600x400-1-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a> </figure> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h3 style="text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading" ><a href="/topical-corridors/" title="Topical Corridors">Topical Corridors</a></h3> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Submissions to the AAS journals are directed to one of seven different topical corridors, each managed by a different Lead Editor.</p> <p><a class="readmore_icon_1" href="/topical-corridor/" rel="noopener">Read More</a></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid journals-col"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_left wpb_content_element"> <figure class="wpb_wrapper vc_figure"> <a href="https://journals.aas.org/oa/" target="_self" class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img decoding="async" width="979" height="687" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-OA-979x687-1.jpg" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="" title="listing-img-OA-979x687" srcset="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-OA-979x687-1.jpg 979w, https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-OA-979x687-1-300x211.jpg 300w, https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-OA-979x687-1-768x539.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 979px) 100vw, 979px" /></a> </figure> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h3 style="text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading" ><a href="https://journals.aas.org/oa/" title="AAS Journals Transition to Open Access">AAS Journals Will Be Open Access</a></h3> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Starting 1 January 2022, all AAS journals will be fully open access. Publishing your work open access ensures that it can be freely read, downloaded, and shared by anyone, anywhere.</p> <p><a class="readmore_icon_1" href="https://journals.aas.org/oa/" rel="noopener">Read More</a></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid journals-col"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_left wpb_content_element"> <figure class="wpb_wrapper vc_figure"> <a href="https://journals.aas.org/top-10-reasons-to-publish-with-the-aas/" target="_self" class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="255" height="179" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/thumbnail-image2.jpg" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="" title="thumbnail-image2" /></a> </figure> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h3 style="text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading" ><a href="https://journals.aas.org/top-10-reasons-to-publish-with-the-aas/">Top 10 Reasons to Publish with the AAS</a></h3> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Through our four publications, The Astronomical Journal (AJ), The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ), The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (ApJS) and The Astrophysical Journal Letters (ApJL), you can disseminate your research to interested readers across the globe.</p> <p><a class="readmore_icon_1 href=" href="https://journals.aas.org/top-10-reasons-to-publish-with-the-aas/">Read More</a></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid journals-col"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_left wpb_content_element"> <figure class="wpb_wrapper vc_figure"> <a href="https://journals.aas.org/editorial/" target="_self" class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="979" height="687" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-editors-979x687-1.jpg" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="" title="listing-img-editors-979x687" srcset="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-editors-979x687-1.jpg 979w, https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-editors-979x687-1-300x211.jpg 300w, https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-editors-979x687-1-768x539.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 979px) 100vw, 979px" /></a> </figure> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h3 style="text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading" ><a href="https://journals.aas.org/editorial/">AAS Journals Editorial Board</a></h3> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>AAS journal editors — members of the astronomy community from around the world — are here to help you publish the best version of your hard work.</p> <p><a class="readmore_icon_3" href="https://journals.aas.org/editorial/" target="_self" rel="noopener">Explore Editorial Board</a></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid journals-col"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_left wpb_content_element"> <figure class="wpb_wrapper vc_figure"> <a href="https://journals.aas.org/pub-staff/" target="_self" class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="979" height="687" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-staff-979x687-1.jpg" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="" title="listing-img-staff-979x687" srcset="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-staff-979x687-1.jpg 979w, https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-staff-979x687-1-300x211.jpg 300w, https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-staff-979x687-1-768x539.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 979px) 100vw, 979px" /></a> </figure> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h3 style="text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading" ><a href="https://journals.aas.org/pub-staff/">AAS Publishing Staff</a></h3> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Want to know who’s working behind the scenes to get your research published? Meet the AAS publishing staff, at your service!</p> <p><a class="readmore_icon_1" href="https://journals.aas.org/pub-staff/" target="_self" rel="noopener">Meet the Team</a></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid journals-col"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_left wpb_content_element"> <figure class="wpb_wrapper vc_figure"> <a href="/aas-name-change-policy/" target="_self" class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="979" height="687" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-2.jpg" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="" title="listing-img-2" srcset="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-2.jpg 979w, https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-2-300x211.jpg 300w, https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/listing-img-2-768x539.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 979px) 100vw, 979px" /></a> </figure> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h3 style="text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading" ><a href="/aas-name-change-policy/" title="Author Name-Change Policy">Author Name-Change Policy</a></h3> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>The AAS has adopted a new policy that will allow authors to change their names on previously published research. The policy covers changes to names, pronouns, author photographs, and contact details.</p> <p><a class="readmore_icon_1" href="/aas-name-change-policy/" target="_self" rel="noopener">Read More</a></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 sidebar-left"> <div id="sidebar-wrapper"> <div class="widget_text sidebar"><div class="widget_text widget-content"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/professional-and-ethical-standards-for-the-aas-journals/" target="_blank"><h4 class="sidebar-title">Policy News</h4></a><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/professional-and-ethical-standards-for-the-aas-journals"><img src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/sidebar-ethicspolicy-600x400-1.jpg"></a> <p> <a href="https://journals.aas.org/professional-and-ethical-standards-for-the-aas-journals">Read more about the AAS journals ethics policy.</a> </p></div></div></div><div class="widget_text sidebar"><div class="widget_text widget-content"><h4 class="sidebar-title">AAS | IOP Astronomy</h4><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/bookListInfo/aas-iop-astronomy#partner-series" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/AAS-ebooks-BN-1122_283-x-250px.jpg"></a> <p> The American Astronomical Society (AAS) have partnered with IOP Publishing to create an <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/bookListInfo/aas-iop-astronomy#partner-series" target="_blank" rel="noopener">exciting new collection of astronomy and astrophysics ebooks</a> to further the AAS mission: "to enhance and share humanity's scientific understanding of the universe." </p></div></div></div><div class="widget_text sidebar"><div class="widget_text widget-content"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/oa" target="_blank"><h4 class="sidebar-title">Announcement</h4></a><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/oa"><img src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Announcement-New-Sidebar.png"></a> <h3> <a href="https://journals.aas.org/oa" style="color:#333333;">AAS Journals Fully Open Access in 2022</a></h3> <p> In keeping with our mission, the entire AAS journals portfolio was made freely accessible as of 1 January 2022. <a href="https://journals.aas.org/oa">Read more.</a> </p></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <footer class="footer"> <div class="footer_top"> <div class="container padd_none"> <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 padd_none"> <h3>About AAS Journals</h3> <div class="footer_cell"> <p>The AAS owns and operates its flagship journals, the<em> Astronomical Journal</em>, the <em>Astrophysical Journal</em>, the <em>Astrophysical Journal Letters</em>, the <em>Planetary Science Journal</em>, and the <em>Astrophysical Journal Supplements</em> through its Board of Trustees, Publications Committee, and Executive Office for the benefit of the AAS community.</p> <a href="https://journals.aas.org/news-archive" class="btn btn_share_feedback">View News Archive</a> <a href="https://journals.aas.org/pub-staff/" class="btn btn_share_feedback">Contact AAS Publishing Staff</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 padd_none"> <h3>Get in Touch</h3> <div class="footer_cell"> <ul class="getintouch_link"> <li><i class="far fa-envelope"></i> <p>Questions about your submission?</p> <a href="mailto:journals.manager@aas.org">journals.manager@aas.org</a> <p>Data-Editor Support</p> <a href="mailto:data-editors@aas.org">data-editors@aas.org</a> <p>AASTeX Support</p> <a href="mailto:aastex@aas.org">aastex@aas.org</a> </li> <li><i class="fas fa-phone"></i> <p>(202) 328-2010</p> </li> <li><i class="fas fa-map-marker-alt"></i> <p>American Astronomical Society<br> 1667 K Street NW, Suite 800<br> Washington, DC 20006 USA</p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12 padd_none hide"> <h3>Latest Tweets</h3> <div class="footer_cell"> <div class="tweets_feed"><div id="tweets-slider-sec"><div class="container-fluid2">   <div class="carousel-inner-fusionspan"> <div class="carousel-inner"><div class="item active"> <div class="row"> <div class="twit-wrp"><div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="twitter-thumb"><img class="mgimg" align="left" src="" async data-pagespeed-no-transform /></div><div class="twitter-content"> <div class="left-box"> <span class="screen_link1"> <a href="https://twitter.com/" target="_blank"> @</a> </span> <span class="twit-link1">December 31, 1969</span> </div> <div class="twit-great1"></div> <div class="col-sm-4"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="controls"><ul class="nav"><li data-target="#custom_carousel02" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div> <a href="https://twitter.com/AAS_Publishing" class="btn btn_tweet_feed"><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i>Follow AAS Publishing on Twitter</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer_bottom"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12 footer_b_copy"> © 2024 The American Astronomical Society </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12 footer_b_menu"> <div class="menu-copyright-footer-menu-container"><ul id="menu-copyright-footer-menu" class="footer_link"><li id="menu-item-109" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-109"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/privacy-and-cookies/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-108" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-108"><a href="https://journals.aas.org/terms/">Terms & Conditions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-304" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-304"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://aas.org/donate/contributions">Donate</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12 footer_b_social"> <ul class="footer_link social_links"> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/AmericanAstronomicalSociety " target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/AAS_Publishing" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-astronomical-society/" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-linkedin-in"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/aas_office/ " target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-instagram"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  <script> jQuery('.page-title').html(function(_, existing) { var words = existing.trim().split(' '); words[0] = '<span class="title-firstword">' + words[0] + '</span>'; words[words.length - 1] = '<span class="title-lastword">' + words[words.length - 1] + '</span>'; return words.join(' '); }); </script>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5L5HRLB" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ts_style-css' href='https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/plugins/fs-tweets-slider/css/twitter-slider.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=5.9.8" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = {"api":{"root":"https:\/\/journals.aas.org\/wp-json\/","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"},"cached":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=5.9.8" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://journals.aas.org/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/js/dist/js_composer_front.min.js?ver=7.6" id="wpb_composer_front_js-js"></script> <script></script> </body> </html>