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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ënner-Abschnitt Grondbezéiung wiesselen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grondbezéiung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definitiounen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definitiounen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Definitiounen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definitiounen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Haaptsätz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haaptsätz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Haaptsätz</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Haaptsätz-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ënner-Abschnitt Haaptsätz wiesselen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Haaptsätz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nullten_Haaptsaz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nullten_Haaptsaz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Nullten Haaptsaz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nullten_Haaptsaz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Éischten_Haaptsaz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Éischten_Haaptsaz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Éischten Haaptsaz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Éischten_Haaptsaz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zweeten_Haaptsaz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zweeten_Haaptsaz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Zweeten Haaptsaz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zweeten_Haaptsaz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drëtten_Haaptsaz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drëtten_Haaptsaz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Drëtten Haaptsaz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drëtten_Haaptsaz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zoustandsequatiounen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zoustandsequatiounen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zoustandsequatiounen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zoustandsequatiounen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Molekular_Thermodynamik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molekular_Thermodynamik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Molekular Thermodynamik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molekular_Thermodynamik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wichteg_Persounen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wichteg_Persounen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Wichteg Persounen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wichteg_Persounen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Um_Spaweck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Um_Spaweck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Um Spaweck</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Um_Spaweck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhalter" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeechnes wiesselen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeechnes wiesselen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thermodynamik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Op en Artikel an enger anerer Sprooch wiesselen. Disponibel an 125 Sproochen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-125" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">125 Sproochen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamik" title="Thermodynamik - Schwäizerdäitsch" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Thermodynamik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Schwäizerdäitsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="उष्मागतिकी - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="उष्मागतिकी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ديناميكا حرارية - Arabesch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديناميكا حرارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamica" title="Termodinamica - Aragonesesch" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Termodinamica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তাপগতি বিজ্ঞান - Assamesesch" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তাপগতি বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodin%C3%A1mica" title="Termodinámica - Asturianesch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Termodinámica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturianesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodin%C3%A1mica" title="Termodinámica - Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Termodinámica" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Aserbaidschanesch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ترمودینامیک - Südaserbaidschanisch" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ترمودینامیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="Südaserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তাপগতিবিজ্ঞান - Bengalesch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাপগতিবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jia%CC%8Dt-le%CC%8Dk-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k - Min-Nan-Chinesesch" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min-Nan-Chinesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика - Baschkiresch" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baschkiresch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тэрмадынаміка - Wäissrussesch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэрмадынаміка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Wäissrussesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тэрмадынаміка - Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэрмадынаміка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика - Bulgaresch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaresch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamik" title="Thermodynamik - Bairesch" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Thermodynamik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bairesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Bosnesch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodin%C3%A0mica" title="Termodinàmica - Katalanesch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Termodinàmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика - Tschuwaschesch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tschuwaschesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamika" title="Termodynamika - Tschechesch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Termodynamika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynameg" title="Thermodynameg - Walisesch" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thermodynameg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Walisesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamik" title="Termodynamik - Dänesch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Termodynamik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83" title="طيرموديناميك - Marokkanescht Arabesch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طيرموديناميك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkanescht Arabesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamik" title="Thermodynamik - Däitsch" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thermodynamik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Däitsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termod%C3%BCnaamika" title="Termodünaamika - Estnesch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Termodünaamika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Θερμοδυναμική - Griichesch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερμοδυναμική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griichesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics - Englesch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thermodynamics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodin%C3%A1mica" title="Termodinámica - Spuenesch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Termodinámica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spuenesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamiko" title="Termodinamiko - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Termodinamiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodin%C3%A1mica" title="Termodinámica - Extremaduresch" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Termodinámica" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduresch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Baskesch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ترمودینامیک - Persesch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترمودینامیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics - Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Thermodynamics" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamique" title="Thermodynamique - Franséisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thermodynamique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Franséisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamika" title="Termodynamika - Westfriesesch" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Termodynamika" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Westfriesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teirmidinimic" title="Teirmidinimic - Iresch" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teirmidinimic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iresch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodin%C3%A1mica" title="Termodinámica - Galizesch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Termodinámica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galizesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="열역학 - Koreanesch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="열역학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Ջերմադինամիկա - Armenesch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջերմադինամիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="उष्मागतिकी - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उष्मागतिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Kroatesch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamiko" title="Termodinamiko - Ido-Sprooch" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Termodinamiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido-Sprooch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Ilokano-Sprooch" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilokano-Sprooch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Indonesesch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamica" title="Thermodynamica - Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Thermodynamica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varmafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Varmafræði - Islännesch" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Varmafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islännesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamica" title="Termodinamica - Italienesch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Termodinamica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="תרמודינמיקה - Hebräesch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תרמודינמיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%C5%8Bga%C9%A3_n%C9%9B_%C9%96o%C5%8B_kp%C9%9Bl%C9%9Bk%CA%8B%CA%8B_t%C9%9B" title="Soŋgaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tɛ - Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Soŋgaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="თერმოდინამიკა - Georgesch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თერმოდინამიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика - Kasachesch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasachesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwendojoto" title="Mwendojoto - Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwendojoto" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8modinamik" title="Tèmodinamik - Haitianesch" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tèmodinamik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitianesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamik" title="Termodinamik - Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Termodinamik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termod%C3%AEnam%C3%AEk" title="Termodînamîk - Kurdesch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Termodînamîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика - Kirgisesch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamica" title="Thermodynamica - Latäin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thermodynamica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latäin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Lettesch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Litauesch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termudinamica" title="Termudinamica - Lombardesch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Termudinamica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Ungaresch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungaresch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика - Mazedonesch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedonesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="താപഗതികം - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താപഗതികം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="ऊष्मागतिकी - Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऊष्मागतिकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="თერმოდინამიკა - Mingrelesch Sprooch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თერმოდინამიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelesch Sprooch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamik" title="Termodinamik - Malaiesch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Termodinamik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Термодинамик - Mongolesch" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Термодинамик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%99%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="သာမိုဒိုင်းနမစ် - Birmanesch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သာမိုဒိုင်းနမစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamica" title="Thermodynamica - Hollännesch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thermodynamica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Hollännesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="उष्मागतिकी - Nepalesesch" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उष्मागतिकी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="熱力学 - Japanesch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="熱力学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termod%C3%BCnaamik" title="Termodünaamik - Nordfriesesch" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Termodünaamik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Nordfriesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamikk" title="Termodynamikk - Norwegesch Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Termodynamikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegesch Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamikk" title="Termodynamikk - Norwegesch Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Termodynamikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegesch Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamica" title="Termodinamica - Okzitanesch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Termodinamica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daayinaamiksii_Ho%E2%80%99aa" title="Daayinaamiksii Ho’aa - Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Daayinaamiksii Ho’aa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Usbekesch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbekesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤਾਪ ਗਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ - Pandschabesch" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਪ ਗਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandschabesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="تھرموڈائینامکس - Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھرموڈائینامکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DA%89%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ترموډینامیک - Paschtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ترموډینامیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paschtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toermodainamix" title="Toermodainamix - Jamaikanesch-Kreolesch" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Toermodainamix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaikanesch-Kreolesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodin%C3%A0mica" title="Termodinàmica - Piemontesesch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Termodinàmica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamik" title="Thermodynamik - Nidderdäitsch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Thermodynamik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nidderdäitsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamika" title="Termodynamika - Polnesch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Termodynamika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodin%C3%A2mica" title="Termodinâmica - Portugisesch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Termodinâmica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugisesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamic%C4%83" title="Termodinamică - Rumänesch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Termodinamică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодінаміка - Russinesch" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Термодінаміка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Russinesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика - Russesch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика - Jakutesch" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakutesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodin%C3%A0mica" title="Termodinàmica - Sardesch" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Termodinàmica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics - Schottesch" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Thermodynamics" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schottesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Albanesch" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termudin%C3%A0mica" title="Termudinàmica - Sizilianesch" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Termudinàmica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sizilianesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="තාප ගති විද්‍යාව - Singhalesesch" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තාප ගති විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics - einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thermodynamics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BF%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DA%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AA%D8%B3" title="ٿرموڊائنامڪس - Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٿرموڊائنامڪس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamika" title="Termodynamika - Slowakesch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Termodynamika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Slowenesch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="تێرمۆدینامیک - Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تێرمۆدینامیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика - Serbesch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Serbo-Kroatesch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroatesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamiikka" title="Termodynamiikka - Finnesch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Termodynamiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Qualitéits-Artikel"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamik" title="Termodynamik - Schwedesch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Termodynamik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Dagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Dagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வெப்ப இயக்கவியல் - Tamilesch" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெப்ப இயக்கவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%E1%BA%93%C9%A3lasmussut" title="Taẓɣlasmussut - Taschelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taẓɣlasmussut" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Taschelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика - Tataresch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataresch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="ఉష్ణగతికశాస్త్రం - Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉష్ణగతికశాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อุณหพลศาสตร์ - Thailännesch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุณหพลศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailännesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика - Tadschikesch" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadschikesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamik" title="Termodinamik - Tierkesch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Termodinamik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tierkesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинаміка - Ukrainesch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Термодинаміка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حر حرکیات - Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حر حرکیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamik" title="Termodinamik - Wepsesch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Termodinamik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng_l%E1%BB%B1c_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Nhiệt động lực học - Vietnamesesch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiệt động lực học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4mm%C3%A4oppus" title="Lämmäoppus - Voro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Lämmäoppus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Voro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="熱力學 - Klassescht Chinesesch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="熱力學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassescht Chinesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika - Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="热力学 - Wu-Chinesesch" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="热力学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Chinesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7" title="טערמאדינאמיק - Jiddesch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טערמאדינאמיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="熱力學 - Kantonesesch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="熱力學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termuodinam%C4%97ka" title="Termuodinamėka - Samogitesch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Termuodinamėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitesch" 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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vu Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lb" dir="ltr"><p>D'<b>Thermodynamik</b> (v. <a href="/wiki/Griichesch" title="Griichesch">griich.</a>: <i>therme</i> - "Wäermt"; <i>dynamis</i> - "Kraaft") ass en Deelgebitt vun der Physik, dat d'physikalesch Eegenschafte vu makroskopesche Systemer vu Materialien an Energie an deenen hir Zoustänn, Zoustandsännerungen a géigesäiteg Beaflossung ënnersicht. </p><p>An der Thermodynamik ginn Ännerunge vun Zoustänn mat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoustandsgr%C3%A9isst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoustandsgréisst (Säit gëtt et net)">Zoustandsgréisste</a> beschriwwen. Dobäi ginn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extensiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extensiv (Säit gëtt et net)">extensiv</a> (ofhängeg vun der Quantitéit vun Deelecher, z. B. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpie (Säit gëtt et net)">Enthalpie</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/75a9edddcca2f782014371f75dca39d7e13a9c1b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H}"></span>, <a href="/wiki/Volumen" title="Volumen">Volumen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropie (Säit gëtt et net)">Entropie</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}"></span> oder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bannenzeg_Energie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bannenzeg Energie (Säit gëtt et net)">Bannenzeg Energie</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/458a728f53b9a0274f059cd695e067c430956025" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.783ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U}"></span>) an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intensiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intensiv (Säit gëtt et net)">intensiv</a> (onofhängeg vun der Quantitéit vun Deelecher, z. B. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezifesche_Volumen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spezifesche Volumen (Säit gëtt et net)">spezifesche Volumen</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molare_Volumen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molare Volumen (Säit gëtt et net)">molare Volumen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e07b00e7fc0847fbd16391c778d65bc25c452597" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.128ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v}"></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drock (Säit gëtt et net)">Drock</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}"></span> oder <a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">Temperatur</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span>) Zoustandsgréissten definéiert. </p><p>Fir Stoffer ze beschreiwe ginn an der Thermodynamik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoffmodell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stoffmodell (Säit gëtt et net)">Stoffmodeller</a> definéiert. Déi kënnen op reale <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miessung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miessung (Säit gëtt et net)">Miessunge</a> baséieren (z. B. Damptabell fir Waasser) oder op vereinfachten Unnahmen (z. B. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideale_Gas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideale Gas (Säit gëtt et net)">ideale Gas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideal_Fl%C3%ABssegkeet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideal Flëssegkeet (Säit gëtt et net)">ideal Flëssegkeet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideal_L%C3%A9isung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideal Léisung (Säit gëtt et net)">ideal Léisung</a>) </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grondbezéiung"><span id="Grondbez.C3.A9iung"></span>Grondbezéiung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt änneren: Grondbezéiung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Grondbezéiung"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>D'Grondbezéiung vun der Thermodynamik (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gibbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gibbs (Säit gëtt et net)">Gibbs-Fundamentalbezéeiung</a>) beschreift d'Zesummenhäng am <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%A4ichgewiicht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gläichgewiicht (Säit gëtt et net)">Gläichgewiicht</a> tëscht verschiddenen Zoustandsgréissten. Si ass fundamental e kompletten Differenzial vun der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bannenzeg_Energie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bannenzeg Energie (Säit gëtt et net)">bannenzeger Energie</a>. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} U=\left({\frac {\partial U}{\partial S}}\right)_{V,n}\mathrm {d} S+\left({\frac {\partial U}{\partial V}}\right)_{S,n}\mathrm {d} V+\sum _{\rm {i=1}}^{\rm {k}}\left({\frac {\partial U}{\partial n_{\rm {i}}}}\right)_{V,S,n_{\rm {j\not =i}}}\mathrm {d} n_{\rm {i}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo>+</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi> <mo>≠</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} U=\left({\frac {\partial U}{\partial S}}\right)_{V,n}\mathrm {d} S+\left({\frac {\partial U}{\partial V}}\right)_{S,n}\mathrm {d} V+\sum _{\rm {i=1}}^{\rm {k}}\left({\frac {\partial U}{\partial n_{\rm {i}}}}\right)_{V,S,n_{\rm {j\not =i}}}\mathrm {d} n_{\rm {i}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e520f68e5328cabc0734b27dc9b4863bb3127399" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:59.34ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} U=\left({\frac {\partial U}{\partial S}}\right)_{V,n}\mathrm {d} S+\left({\frac {\partial U}{\partial V}}\right)_{S,n}\mathrm {d} V+\sum _{\rm {i=1}}^{\rm {k}}\left({\frac {\partial U}{\partial n_{\rm {i}}}}\right)_{V,S,n_{\rm {j\not =i}}}\mathrm {d} n_{\rm {i}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Mat den Definitioune fir <a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">Temperatur</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drock (Säit gëtt et net)">Drock</a> an d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheemescht_Potenzial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheemescht Potenzial (Säit gëtt et net)">cheemescht Potenzial</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} U=T\,\mathrm {d} S-p\,\mathrm {d} V+\sum _{\rm {i=1}}^{\rm {k}}\mu _{\rm {i}}\,\mathrm {d} n_{\rm {i}}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo>+</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} U=T\,\mathrm {d} S-p\,\mathrm {d} V+\sum _{\rm {i=1}}^{\rm {k}}\mu _{\rm {i}}\,\mathrm {d} n_{\rm {i}}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b0077a1046617e592661f785f0d157b444ebae4b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:30.903ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} U=T\,\mathrm {d} S-p\,\mathrm {d} V+\sum _{\rm {i=1}}^{\rm {k}}\mu _{\rm {i}}\,\mathrm {d} n_{\rm {i}}\!}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Definitiounen">Definitiounen</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt änneren: Definitiounen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Definitiounen"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>D'<a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">Temperatur</a> ass défineiert als d'Ännerung vun der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bannenzeg_Energie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bannenzeg Energie (Säit gëtt et net)">bannenzeger Energie</a>, no der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropie (Säit gëtt et net)">Entropie</a> bei festem <a href="/wiki/Volumen" title="Volumen">Volumen</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialquantit%C3%A9it&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materialquantitéit (Säit gëtt et net)">Materialquantitéit</a>.</li> <li>Den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drock (Säit gëtt et net)">Drock</a> als d'Ännerung vun der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bannenzeg_Energie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bannenzeg Energie (Säit gëtt et net)">bannenzeger Energie</a> nom Volume bei fester <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropie (Säit gëtt et net)">Entropie</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialquantit%C3%A9it&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materialquantitéit (Säit gëtt et net)">Materialquantitéit</a>.</li> <li>D'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheemescht_Potenzial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheemescht Potenzial (Säit gëtt et net)">cheemescht Potenzial</a> als d'Ännerung vun der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bannenzeg_Energie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bannenzeg Energie (Säit gëtt et net)">bannenzeger Energie</a> no der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialquantit%C3%A9it&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materialquantitéit (Säit gëtt et net)">Materialquantitéit</a> bei fester <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropie (Säit gëtt et net)">Entropie</a> a <a href="/wiki/Volumen" title="Volumen">Volumen</a>.</li></ul> <p>Mat der Définitoun vun der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpie (Säit gëtt et net)">Enthalpie</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/75a9edddcca2f782014371f75dca39d7e13a9c1b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H}"></span>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H=U+p\cdot V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H=U+p\cdot V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/101967bd84ac11cfb428fd015d2fb88b6db60578" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.421ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H=U+p\cdot V}"></span></dd></dl> <p>kann d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Willard_Gibbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs (Säit gëtt et net)">Gibbs</a> Fundamentalbezéiung och ëmgeschriwwe ginn: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} H=T\,\mathrm {d} S+V\,\mathrm {d} p+\sum _{\rm {i=1}}^{\rm {k}}\mu _{\rm {i}}\,\mathrm {d} n_{\rm {i}}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>H</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>+</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} H=T\,\mathrm {d} S+V\,\mathrm {d} p+\sum _{\rm {i=1}}^{\rm {k}}\mu _{\rm {i}}\,\mathrm {d} n_{\rm {i}}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5d64852865ba6d2951179a55336745affbdf0b5b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:31.184ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} H=T\,\mathrm {d} S+V\,\mathrm {d} p+\sum _{\rm {i=1}}^{\rm {k}}\mu _{\rm {i}}\,\mathrm {d} n_{\rm {i}}\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>An dëser Equatioun stécht d'Définitioun vum <a href="/wiki/Volumen" title="Volumen">Volumen</a>: </p> <ul><li>De Volumen ass d'Ännerung vun der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpie (Säit gëtt et net)">Enthalpie</a> nom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drock (Säit gëtt et net)">Drock</a> bei fester <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropie (Säit gëtt et net)">Entropie</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialquantit%C3%A9it&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materialquantitéit (Säit gëtt et net)">Materialquantitéit</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Haaptsätz"><span id="Haapts.C3.A4tz"></span>Haaptsätz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt änneren: Haaptsätz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Haaptsätz"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An der Thermodynamik gëtt et véier Haaptsätz: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nullten_Haaptsaz">Nullten Haaptsaz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt änneren: Nullten Haaptsaz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Nullten Haaptsaz"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wann e System A mat engem System B am <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%A4ichgewiicht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gläichgewiicht (Säit gëtt et net)">Gläichgewiicht</a> ass, an de System B mat engem drëtte System C am <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%A4ichgewiicht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gläichgewiicht (Säit gëtt et net)">Gläichgewiicht</a> ass, dann sinn och de System A an C am <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%A4ichgewiicht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gläichgewiicht (Säit gëtt et net)">Gläichgewiicht</a>. Dësen Haaptsaatz gëllt souwuel fir d'thermescht (<a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">Temperatur</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%A4ichgewiicht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gläichgewiicht (Säit gëtt et net)">Gläichgewiicht</a>, fir d'meechanescht (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Drock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drock (Säit gëtt et net)">Drock</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%A4ichgewiicht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gläichgewiicht (Säit gëtt et net)">Gläichgewiicht</a> wei fir d'cheemescht <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%A4ichgewiicht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gläichgewiicht (Säit gëtt et net)">Gläichgewiicht</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Éischten_Haaptsaz"><span id=".C3.89ischten_Haaptsaz"></span>Éischten Haaptsaz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt änneren: Éischten Haaptsaz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Éischten Haaptsaz"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Energie ass eng Erhalungsgréisst. D'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bannenzeg_Energie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bannenzeg Energie (Säit gëtt et net)">bannenzeg Energie</a> vun engem System verännert sech nëmme wann <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%ABtzt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hëtzt (Säit gëtt et net)">Hëtzt</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8752c7023b4b3286800fe3238271bbca681219ed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.838ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q}"></span> oder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aarbecht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aarbecht (Säit gëtt et net)">Aarbecht</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>W</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/54a9c4c547f4d6111f81946cad242b18298d70b7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.435ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W}"></span> iwwer d'Grenzen vum System transferéiert ginn: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} U=\mathrm {d} Q+\mathrm {d} W\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>W</mi> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} U=\mathrm {d} Q+\mathrm {d} W\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ba8b91bf414bf66843721e225024033f4ffeb9e6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:15.873ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} U=\mathrm {d} Q+\mathrm {d} W\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Fir e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Station%C3%A4r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stationär (Säit gëtt et net)">stationäre</a> Fléissprozess gëtt dës Equatioun meeschtens op d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpie (Säit gëtt et net)">Enthalpie</a> bezunn: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} {\dot {H}}=\mathrm {d} {\dot {Q}}+\mathrm {d} P+\mathrm {d} {\dot {E}}_{\rm {a}}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>H</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} {\dot {H}}=\mathrm {d} {\dot {Q}}+\mathrm {d} P+\mathrm {d} {\dot {E}}_{\rm {a}}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cbd6ae86af2adaf91f3b13a97a896faa255c5dc9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:22.427ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} {\dot {H}}=\mathrm {d} {\dot {Q}}+\mathrm {d} P+\mathrm {d} {\dot {E}}_{\rm {a}}\!}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zweeten_Haaptsaz">Zweeten Haaptsaz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt änneren: Zweeten Haaptsaz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Zweeten Haaptsaz"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>D'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropie (Säit gëtt et net)">Entropie</a> vun engem System verännert sech duerch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropie (Säit gëtt et net)">Entropie</a>-Produktioun am System an duerch <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%ABtztiwwergang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hëtztiwwergang (Säit gëtt et net)">Hëtztiwwergang</a>. Duerch net-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Reversibilit%C3%A9it&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reversibilitéit (Säit gëtt et net)">Reversibilitéite</a> gëtt am System Entropie produzéiert. Dësen Terme ass ëmmer mei grouss oder gläich null (fir de Grenzfall vun engem reversibele System gëtt keng Entropie produzéiert). Duerch <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%ABtztiwwergang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hëtztiwwergang (Säit gëtt et net)">Hëtztiwwergang</a> kann de System Entropie dobäi kréien oder e kann der ewechgeholl kréien, ofhängeg op <a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%A4ermt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wäermt (Säit gëtt et net)">Wäermt</a> an de System eran- oder erausfléisst. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} S=\mathrm {d} S^{\rm {irr}}+\sum {\frac {\mathrm {d} {Q}_{\rm {i}}}{T_{\rm {m,i}}}}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} S=\mathrm {d} S^{\rm {irr}}+\sum {\frac {\mathrm {d} {Q}_{\rm {i}}}{T_{\rm {m,i}}}}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4052e060854aa9f7042ea725841317abc872cc07" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; margin-right: -0.108ex; width:21.697ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} S=\mathrm {d} S^{\rm {irr}}+\sum {\frac {\mathrm {d} {Q}_{\rm {i}}}{T_{\rm {m,i}}}}\!}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drëtten_Haaptsaz"><span id="Dr.C3.ABtten_Haaptsaz"></span>Drëtten Haaptsaz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Abschnitt änneren: Drëtten Haaptsaz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Drëtten Haaptsaz"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropie (Säit gëtt et net)">Entropie</a> ass eng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absolut (Säit gëtt et net)">absolut</a> Gréisst. Den Nullpunkt vun der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropie (Säit gëtt et net)">Entropie</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>s</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7903b8069a44c70f6f96511675bdd9a4ff200ed7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.351ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s=0}"></span>) ass fir de perfekte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristall (Säit gëtt et net)">Kristall</a> definéiert, dat heescht bei der minimal méiglecher Temperatur: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T=0~{\rm {K}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T=0~{\rm {K}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/761cb1dbaa1a02643dc1b7aa7d22c84bd5e04b95" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.286ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T=0~{\rm {K}}}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zoustandsequatiounen">Zoustandsequatiounen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Abschnitt änneren: Zoustandsequatiounen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Zoustandsequatiounen"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zoustandsequatioune sinn Equatiounen, déi den Zusammenhank tëscht thermodynameschen Zoustänn uginn. Déi Equatioune stellen ni e reaalt Verhale vu Stoffer duer, mä baséieren ëmmer op vereinfachten Unnahmen. Déi einfachst a bescht bekannt Zoustandsequatioun ass d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideaalt_Gasgesetz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideaalt Gasgesetz (Säit gëtt et net)">ideaalt Gasgesetz</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\cdot V=n\cdot R\cdot T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\cdot V=n\cdot R\cdot T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/880705aafa9df50d30e0e262e9c418b98ad1bde8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:15.977ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\cdot V=n\cdot R\cdot T}"></span></dd></dl> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}"></span> ass eng universell <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstant (Säit gëtt et net)">Konstant</a> an ass de Produit vun der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boltzmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boltzmann (Säit gëtt et net)">Boltzmann</a> Konstant <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{\rm {B}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{\rm {B}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4bd537f082cb894d2f69b1cc050dd36f7d489a3d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.607ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{\rm {B}}}"></span> an der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avogadro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avogadro (Säit gëtt et net)">Avogadro</a> Zuel <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3946f5f7156e3ba9741c49e24adc5e35b18f3cbc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.331ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}}"></span>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R=8,314472(15){\frac {\rm {J}}{\rm {mol\cdot K}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>314472</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>15</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R=8,314472(15){\frac {\rm {J}}{\rm {mol\cdot K}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/321901b93c3e54c2141b1b18325b97cf4d0a2a0d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:26.236ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R=8,314472(15){\frac {\rm {J}}{\rm {mol\cdot K}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>D'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideaalt_Gasgesetz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideaalt Gasgesetz (Säit gëtt et net)">ideaalt Gasgesetz</a> baséiert op der Unnahm, datt d'Molekülle keen Eegevolumen hunn, an datt tëscht hinne keng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiesselwierkung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiesselwierkung (Säit gëtt et net)">Wiesselwierkunge</a> bestinn. Dofir gëllt d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideaalt_Gasgesetz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideaalt Gasgesetz (Säit gëtt et net)">ideaalt Gasgesetz</a> strikt fir verschwannend Dichten (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho =0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho =0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2ba6310b27df5f9c9b0b1732e08cce27b99d68cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.463ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho =0}"></span>) a kann dofir fir kleng Dichte gutt ugewannt ginn. </p><p>Eng Verbesserung vum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideaalt_Gasgesetz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideaalt Gasgesetz (Säit gëtt et net)">ideale Gasgesetz</a> ass d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virialequatioun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virialequatioun (Säit gëtt et net)">Virialequatioun</a>. Si ass eng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taylor_Entw%C3%A9cklung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taylor Entwécklung (Säit gëtt et net)">Taylor Entwécklung</a> vum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideaalt_Gasgesetz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideaalt Gasgesetz (Säit gëtt et net)">ideale Gasgesetz</a> am Beräich <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26819344e55f5e671c76c07c18eb4291fcec85ae" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.656ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=0}"></span> (resp. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho =0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho =0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2ba6310b27df5f9c9b0b1732e08cce27b99d68cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.463ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho =0}"></span>): </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {pv}{RT}}=1+{\frac {B(T)}{v}}+{\frac {C(T)}{v^{2}}}+\ldots }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>v</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mo>…</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {pv}{RT}}=1+{\frac {B(T)}{v}}+{\frac {C(T)}{v^{2}}}+\ldots }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b043597d2d1fb578946afbb1aa8976666d9cce4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:31.835ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {pv}{RT}}=1+{\frac {B(T)}{v}}+{\frac {C(T)}{v^{2}}}+\ldots }"></span></dd></dl> <p>woubäi <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B(T)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B(T)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/58329c775b28dba986ce47422a4eeca8ef9613b3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.21ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B(T)}"></span> als zweete Virialkoeffizient an <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C(T)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C(T)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2a2d4f8c78ce899f92c15e2ce79fbecb97e16b8a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.212ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C(T)}"></span> als drëtte Virialkoeffizient bezeechent ginn. </p><p>Weider Zoustandsequatioune sinn an de leschte Joerzéngten aus verschiddene Methoden entstanen. Eng Method déi an de leschte Jore verstäerkt agesat gëtt ass d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%A9ierungstheorie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stéierungstheorie (Säit gëtt et net)">Stéierungstheorie</a>. Déi bekanntst Zoustandsequatioun déi doraus entstanen ass, ass d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_der_Waals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van der Waals (Säit gëtt et net)">Van der Waals</a> Equatioun: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left(p+{\frac {a}{v_{m}}}\right)\left(v-b\right)=RT}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>a</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left(p+{\frac {a}{v_{m}}}\right)\left(v-b\right)=RT}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e2ff63aa6fd948fdb73beb957f28e4764ee8eee3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:24.73ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left(p+{\frac {a}{v_{m}}}\right)\left(v-b\right)=RT}"></span></dd></dl> <p>woubäi <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}"></span> als <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koh%C3%A4siounsdrock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohäsiounsdrock (Säit gëtt et net)">Kohäsiounsdrock</a> an <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}"></span> als <a href="/w/index.php?title=KovolumenKovolume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KovolumenKovolume (Säit gëtt et net)">KovolumenKovolume</a> bezeechent ginn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Molekular_Thermodynamik">Molekular Thermodynamik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Abschnitt änneren: Molekular Thermodynamik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Molekular Thermodynamik"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wichteg_Persounen">Wichteg Persounen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Abschnitt änneren: Wichteg Persounen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamik&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Wichteg Persounen"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (Säit gëtt et net)">Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Clausius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Clausius (Säit gëtt et net)">Rudolf Clausius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Willard_Gibbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs (Säit gëtt et net)">Josiah Willard Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_von_Helmholtz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann von Helmholtz (Säit gëtt et net)">Hermann von Helmholtz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomson,_1._Baron_Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomson, 1. 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