Introduction - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Drafting History - Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Introduction - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Drafting History - Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">    <meta name="dc.title" content="Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="The Universal Declaration of Human Rights — Historical Record of the Drafting Process"/> <meta name="dc.contributor" content="United Nations. Dag Hammarskjöld Library"/> <meta name="dc.contributor" content="United Nations Office at Geneva. Library & Archives"/> <meta name="dc.contributor" content="United Nations. Department of Public Information"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="United Nations. Dag Hammarskjöld Library"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Human Rights"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Universal Declaration on Human Rights"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="procedural history"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="drafting process"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="travaux préparatoires"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="official documents"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="research guide"/> <meta name="dc.keyworkds" content="Drafting Committee, Commission on Human Rights, Economic and Social Council, General Assembly, Nuclear Commission on Human Rights"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Malik, Charles (Lebanon)"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Bogomolov, Alexandre (USSR)"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Peng-chun Chang (China)"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Cassin. René (France)"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Roosevelt, Eleanor (United States of America)"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Dukes, Charles (United Kingdom)"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Hodgson, William (Australia)"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Santa Cruz, Hernan (Chile)"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Humphrey, John P. (Canada)"/>  <meta name="DC.Title" content="Research Guides: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Drafting History: Introduction"/> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Dag Hammarskjöld Library"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" content="Human Rights, International Law, UN Documentation, United Nations"/> <meta name="DC.Description" content="An Historical Record of the Drafting Process of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights Introduction to the drafting process of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights"/> <meta name="DC.Publishers" content="United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library 2025"/> <meta name="DC.Language" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/introduction"/> <meta name="DC.Date.Created" content="Jun 20, 2014"/> <meta name="DC.Date.Modified" content="Jan 31, 2025"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Research Guides: Universal Declaration of 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id="s-lib-bc-group" class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://research.un.org/en">Research Guides</a></li><li id="s-lib-bc-guide" class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr">Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Drafting History</a></li><li id="s-lib-bc-page" class="active breadcrumb-item">Introduction</li></ol> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-desc-container"> <span id="s-lg-guide-description">  </span> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="s-lg-guide-tabs-title-bar" class="container s-lib-side-borders"></div> <div id="s-lg-side-nav-content" class="container s-lib-side-borders pad-top-med"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 s-lg-tabs-side pad-bottom-med"> <div id="s-lg-tabs-container"> <div id="s-lg-guide-tabs"> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked split-button-nav"><li class="active"><a title="Introduction to the drafting process of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights" class="active" href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/introduction" ><span>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="dropdown clearfix"><a title="The Drafting Committee on an International Bill of Human Right was established by the Commission on Human Rights. Its members were Eleanor Roosevelt, Pen-Chun Chang, Charles Malik, John Humphrey, William Hodgson, Hernán Santa Cruz, René Cassin, Alexander" class="s-lg-tab-top-link" href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/draftingcommittee" ><span>Drafting Committee</span></a><a class="s-lg-tab-drop dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></a><ul class="s-lg-subtab-ul dropdown-menu"><li class=""><a title="During its first session, the Drafting Committee on an International Bill of Human Rights considered the preliminary draft prepared by the UN Secretariat." href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/draftingcommittee/1" style="" >First Session </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/draftingcommittee/2" style="" >Second Session </a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown clearfix"><a title="" class="s-lg-tab-top-link" href="http://research.un.org/en/undhr/chr/1" ><span>Commission on Human Rights</span></a><a class="s-lg-tab-drop dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></a><ul class="s-lg-subtab-ul dropdown-menu"><li class=""><a title="" href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/chr/1" style="" >First session </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/chr/2" style="" >Second Session </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/chr/3" style="" >Third Session </a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown clearfix"><a title="" class="s-lg-tab-top-link" href="http://research.un.org/en/undhr/ecosoc/2" ><span>Economic & Social Council</span></a><a class="s-lg-tab-drop dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></a><ul class="s-lg-subtab-ul dropdown-menu"><li class=""><a title="" href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/ecosoc/2" style="" >Second Session </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/ecosoc/4" style="" >Fourth Session </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/ecosoc/6" style="" >Sixth Session </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/ecosoc/7" style="" >Seventh Session </a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown clearfix"><a title="" class="s-lg-tab-top-link" href="http://research.un.org/en/undhr/ga/thirdcommittee" ><span>General Assembly</span></a><a class="s-lg-tab-drop dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></a><ul class="s-lg-subtab-ul dropdown-menu"><li class=""><a title="" href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/ga/thirdcommittee" style="" >Third Session - 3rd Committee </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/ga/plenary" style="" >Third Session - Plenary </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/nuclearcommission" ><span>Nuclear Commission on Human Rights</span></a></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://research.un.org/en/docs/humanrights" ><span>UN Human Rights Documentation Guide</span></a></li></ul> <div class="s-lg-row margin-top-med"><div id="s-lg-col-0"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-4030100" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-4030100"><div id="s-lg-box-3424319-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-3424319" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Timeline</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-3424319" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-6451573" class=" clearfix"> <div class="panel-dhl"><a class="bold" data-parent="#s-lg-general-accordion" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse1946">1946</a></div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse " id="collapse1946"> <ul> <li><a href="http://research.un.org/en/undhr/nuclearcommission">Nuclear Commission on Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="http://research.un.org/en/undhr/ecosoc/2">Economic and Social Council, 2nd Session</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="panel-dhl"><a class="bold" data-parent="#s-lg-general-accordion" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse1947">1947</a></div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse " id="collapse1947"> <ul> <li><a href=" http://research.un.org/en/undhr/chr/1">Commission on Human Rights - 1st Session</a></li> <li><a href="http://research.un.org/en/undhr/ecosoc/4">Economic & Social Council - 4th Session</a></li> <li><a href="http://research.un.org/en/undhr/draftingcommittee/1">Drafting Committee - 1st Session</a></li> <li><a href=" http://research.un.org/en/undhr/chr/2">Commission on Human Rights - 2nd Session</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="panel-dhl"><a class="bold" data-parent="#s-lg-general-accordion" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse1948">1948</a></div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse " id="collapse1948"> <ul> <li><a href=" http://research.un.org/en/undhr/ecosoc/6">Economic & Social Council - 6th Session</a></li> <li><a href=" http://research.un.org/en/undhr/draftingcommittee/2">Drafting Committee - 2nd session</a></li> <li><a href=" http://research.un.org/en/undhr/chr/3">Commission on Human Rights - 3rd Session</a></li> <li><a href=" http://research.un.org/en/undhr/ecosoc/7">Economic & Social Council - 7th Session</a></li> <li><a href="http://research.un.org/en/undhr/ga/thirdcommittee">General Assembly 3rd session - 3rd Committee</a></li> <li><a href="http://research.un.org/en/undhr/ga/plenary">General Assembly 3rd session - Plenary</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-15850111" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-15850111"><div id="s-lg-box-13433653-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-13433653" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std s-lib-floating-box"> <div id="s-lg-box-collapse-13433653" > <div class="s-lib-box-content s-lib-floating-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-28736032" class=" clearfix"> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/"><img alt="" src="//s3.amazonaws.com/libapps/accounts/80758/images/E_SDG_Logo_UN_Emblem-02.png" /></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <div class="s-lg-tab-content"> <div id="s-lg-guide-main" class="tab-pane active">  <div class="row s-lg-row-1"> <div id="s-lg-col-1" class="col-md-12"> <div class="s-lg-col-boxes"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row s-lg-row-2"> <div id="s-lg-col-2" class="col-md-8"> <div class="s-lg-col-boxes"> <div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-3427354" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-3427354"><div id="s-lg-box-2911752-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-2911752" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">A Historical Record of the Drafting Process</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-2911752" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-5680805" class=" clearfix"> <p><img alt="Children reading the Human Rights Declaration" src="//s3.amazonaws.com/libapps/customers/49/images/unis_udhr.jpg" style="line-height:20.7999992370605px;" /></p> <p>The <a href="http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/" target="_blank">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly resolution <a href="http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=A/RES/217(III)&Lang=E" target="_blank">217A</a> at its 3rd session in Paris on 10 December 1948. From 1946-1948 delegates to the United Nations discussed and drafted an international declaration on the subject of human rights that has become a standard of principles for human rights.</p> <p>This website provides access to United Nations documentation related to the drafting of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The documents are presented in chronological order, arranged according to the various bodies that met to discuss, draft and re-draft the Declaration. There are also brief biographic notes for the members of the Drafting Committee formed by the UN Commission on Human Rights.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div id="s-lg-col-3" class="col-md-4"> <div class="s-lg-col-boxes"> <div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-4073237" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-4073237"><div id="s-lg-box-3460191-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-3460191" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">UN Human Rights Research Resources</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-3460191" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-79176695" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-76698090" class=""><span><a href="https://libraryresources.unog.ch/hr" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '76698090',_st_inc_return: this});">UNOG Library Human Rights research guides</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-8234757" class=""><span><a href="https://libraryresources.unog.ch/hrtimeline/timeline" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '8234757',_st_inc_return: this});">OHCHR Library : Human Rights Timeline</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-8234757" class="s-lg-link-desc">The Human Rights Timeline is a guide to the history of human rights through official documents of the United Nations.</div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-74670692" class=""><span><a href="https://archives.un.org/content/universal-declaration-human-rights" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '74670692',_st_inc_return: this});">UN Archives: UDHR 70th anniversary page</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-74670692" class="s-lg-link-desc">Provides links to scans of selected archival material from the time of the negotiations on the text.</div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-5039330" class=""><span><a href="http://research.un.org/en/docs/humanrights" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '5039330',_st_inc_return: this});">UN Documents : Human Rights Research Guide</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-5039330" class="s-lg-link-desc">Find UN documents on human rights with this guide.</div></div></li></ul></div> <div id="s-lg-content-74502978" class="s-lg-widget "><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/sqGqw4YqbF8?si=uUd7b64raIkRZZCk" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div><div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-79176897" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-76698280" class=""><span><a href="https://research.un.org/en/docs/humanrights" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '76698280',_st_inc_return: this});">UN Human Rights Research Guide</a></span></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-4073257" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-4073257"><div id="s-lg-box-3460211-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-3460211" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">A Living Document</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-3460211" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-7302551" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-5"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-6521800" class="s-lg-book clearfix"><div class="s-lg-book-props"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '3',_st_content_id: '6521800',_st_inc_return: this});"><span id="s-lg-book-cover-6521800" class="s-lg-book-cover"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/libapps/customers/49/images/hr_dessin.jpeg" class="pull-left s-lg-book-cover-img-2" /></span><span id="s-lg-book-title-6521800" class="s-lg-book-title">The Universal Declaration on Human Rights</span><span id="s-lg-book-author-6521800" class="s-lg-book-author"></span></a></div></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row s-lg-row-3"> <div id="s-lg-col-4" class="col-md-12"> <div class="s-lg-col-boxes"> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> <ul id="s-lg-page-prevnext" class="pager s-lib-hide"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a href="https://research.un.org/en/undhr/draftingcommittee"><strong>Next:</strong> Drafting Committee >></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="section section-fluid home-footer gray-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="row topmargin"> <div class="divider"></div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <section 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Introduction - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Drafting History - Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library