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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Yaroslavl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early Yaroslavl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Yaroslavl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foundation_of_the_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_of_the_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Foundation of the city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_of_the_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16th_century_and_the_Time_of_Troubles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16th_century_and_the_Time_of_Troubles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>16th century and the Time of Troubles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16th_century_and_the_Time_of_Troubles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trading_post_and_government_center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trading_post_and_government_center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Trading post and government center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trading_post_and_government_center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century_and_millennium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_and_millennium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>20th century and millennium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_and_millennium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Population-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Population subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_and_municipal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Administrative and municipal status</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative and municipal status subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>City divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Travel_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Travel_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Travel and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Travel_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Travel and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Travel_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_town" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_town"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Old town</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_town-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater_and_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater_and_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Theater and cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater_and_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_Policy_Forum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_Policy_Forum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Global Policy Forum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_Policy_Forum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Automotive_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automotive_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Automotive transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automotive_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Air transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Water transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Public transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yaroslavl</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 106 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslawl" title="Jaroslawl – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jaroslawl" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84" title="ياروسلافل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ياروسلافل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%AC" title="Եարոսլաւլ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Եարոսլաւլ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="یاروسلاول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاروسلاول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Яраслаўль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Яраслаўль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Яраслаўль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Яраслаўль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB" title="Ярославъл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ярославъл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavlj" title="Jaroslavlj – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jaroslavlj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaroslavl" title="Iaroslavl – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslawl" title="Jaroslawl – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jaroslawl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%BB" title="Γιαροσλάβλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιαροσλάβλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Ярославль ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ярославль ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="یاروسلاول – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یاروسلاول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaroslavl" title="Iaroslavl – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B8%94" title="야로슬라블 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야로슬라블" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AC" title="Յարոսլավլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յարոսլավլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="यरोस्लाव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यरोस्लाव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslawl" title="Jaroslawl – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jaroslawl" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavlj" title="Jaroslavlj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jaroslavlj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl%27" title="Jaroslavl' – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jaroslavl'" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9C" title="ירוסלבל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ירוסלבל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="იაროსლავლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იაროსლავლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaroslavl" title="Iaroslavl – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaroslavia" title="Iaroslavia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iaroslavia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav%C4%BCa" title="Jaroslavļa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jaroslavļa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslawl" title="Jaroslawl – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jaroslawl" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavlis" title="Jaroslavlis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jaroslavlis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroszlavl" title="Jaroszlavl – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jaroszlavl" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%99" title="Јарослављ – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јарослављ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="यारोस्लाव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="यारोस्लाव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="იაროსლავლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იაროსლავლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84" title="ياروسلافل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ياروسلافل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%9C%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ယာရိုစလဗာလ်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယာရိုစလဗာလ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B4%E3%83%AA" title="ヤロスラヴリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤロスラヴリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslawl_(Steed)" title="Jaroslawl (Steed) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jaroslawl (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="یاروسلاول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یاروسلاول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="ياروسلاول – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ياروسلاول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_(Rosja)" title="Jarosław (Rosja) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jarosław (Rosja)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaroslavl" title="Iaroslavl – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Iaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaroslavl" title="Iaroslavl – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Jaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav%C4%BE" title="Jaroslavľ – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jaroslavľ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavelj" title="Jaroslavelj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jaroslavelj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_(mjasto_we_Rusyji)" title="Jarosław (mjasto we Rusyji) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jarosław (mjasto we Rusyji)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%99" title="Јарослављ – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јарослављ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavlj" title="Jaroslavlj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jaroslavlj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="ยาโรสลัฟล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยาโรสลัฟล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ярославль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="یاروسلاول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یاروسلاول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl%27" title="Jaroslavl' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Jaroslavl'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Yaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%B0%94" title="雅罗斯拉夫尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="雅罗斯拉夫尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%88%BE" title="雅羅斯拉夫爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雅羅斯拉夫爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%B0%94" title="雅罗斯拉夫尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雅罗斯拉夫尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Jaroslavl" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2423#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other places with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_(inhabited_locality)" title="Yaroslavl (inhabited locality)">Yaroslavl (inhabited locality)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Sakhalin Shipping Company's steamship, see <a href="/wiki/SS_Yaroslavl" title="SS Yaroslavl">SS Yaroslavl</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Yaroslavl</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ru">Ярославль</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">City</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref154_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref154-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yaroslavl_Russia_Montage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clockwise, from top right: St. Alexander Nevsky's Chapel, St. John the Baptist's Church, Strelka Park from Volga Embankment, Znamenskaya Tower, Volkov Theater, St. Elijah the Prophet's Church"><img alt="Clockwise, from top right: St. Alexander Nevsky's Chapel, St. John the Baptist's Church, Strelka Park from Volga Embankment, Znamenskaya Tower, Volkov Theater, St. Elijah the Prophet's Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Yaroslavl_Russia_Montage.jpg/250px-Yaroslavl_Russia_Montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Yaroslavl_Russia_Montage.jpg/375px-Yaroslavl_Russia_Montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Yaroslavl_Russia_Montage.jpg/500px-Yaroslavl_Russia_Montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise, from top right: <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_(%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C)" class="extiw" title="ru:Часовня Александра Невского (Ярославль)">St. Alexander Nevsky's Chapel</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._John_the_Baptist_Church,_Yaroslavl" title="St. John the Baptist Church, Yaroslavl">St. John the Baptist's Church</a>, <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Парк на Стрелке">Strelka Park</a> from <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_(%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C)" class="extiw" title="ru:Волжская набережная (Ярославль)">Volga Embankment</a>, <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Власьевская башня и Знаменская церковь">Znamenskaya Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volkov_Russian_State_Academic_Theatre" title="Volkov Russian State Academic Theatre">Volkov Theater</a>, <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C)" class="extiw" title="ru:Церковь Ильи Пророка (Ярославль)">St. Elijah the Prophet's Church</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yaroslavl.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Yaroslavl"><img alt="Flag of Yaroslavl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Yaroslavl.svg/125px-Flag_of_Yaroslavl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Yaroslavl.svg/188px-Flag_of_Yaroslavl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Yaroslavl.svg/250px-Flag_of_Yaroslavl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_yaroslavl.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Yaroslavl"><img alt="Coat of arms of Yaroslavl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Coa_yaroslavl.svg/70px-Coa_yaroslavl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Coa_yaroslavl.svg/105px-Coa_yaroslavl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Coa_yaroslavl.svg/140px-Coa_yaroslavl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="467" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Yaroslavl</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_9fd906de9c7e6adf619083666e81c1d168b25b49"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Yaroslavl&revid=1280125865&groups=_9fd906de9c7e6adf619083666e81c1d168b25b49" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Yaroslavl&revid=1280125865&groups=_9fd906de9c7e6adf619083666e81c1d168b25b49 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Federation_Yaroslavl_Oblast_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yaroslavl is located in Yaroslavl Oblast"><img alt="Yaroslavl is located in Yaroslavl Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Russian_Federation_Yaroslavl_Oblast_location_map.svg/250px-Russian_Federation_Yaroslavl_Oblast_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Russian_Federation_Yaroslavl_Oblast_location_map.svg/375px-Russian_Federation_Yaroslavl_Oblast_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Russian_Federation_Yaroslavl_Oblast_location_map.svg/500px-Russian_Federation_Yaroslavl_Oblast_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="782" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.798%;left:63.333%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yaroslavl"><img alt="Yaroslavl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Yaroslavl</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Yaroslavl</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Yaroslavl Oblast</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Russia_location_map_(2014%E2%80%932022,_Crimea_disputed).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yaroslavl is located in European Russia"><img alt="Yaroslavl is located in European Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/250px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/375px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/500px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.459%;left:44.713%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yaroslavl"><img alt="Yaroslavl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Yaroslavl</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yaroslavl (European Russia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of European Russia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yaroslavl is located in Europe"><img alt="Yaroslavl is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.182%;left:71.897%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yaroslavl"><img alt="Yaroslavl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Yaroslavl</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yaroslavl (Europe)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yaroslavl&params=57_37_N_39_51_E_type:city(591486)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">57°37′N</span> <span class="longitude">39°51′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">57.617°N 39.850°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">57.617; 39.850</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subject</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavl Oblast</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref154_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref154-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1010<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/City_Duma" class="mw-redirect" title="City Duma">City Duma</a><sup id="cite_ref-ustav_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ustav-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor<sup id="cite_ref-ustav_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ustav-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">Artyom Molchanov<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">205.80 km<sup>2</sup> (79.46 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">100 m (300 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">591,486</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">608,722 (<span style="color:green;">+2.9%</span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Russia by population">23rd</a> in 2010</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,900/km<sup>2</sup> (7,400/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Administrative status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Subordinated to</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">city of oblast significance</a> of Yaroslavl<sup id="cite_ref-Ref154_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref154-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Yaroslavl Oblast,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref154_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref154-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavsky_District,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Yaroslavsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavsky District</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref154_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref154-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Municipal status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Urban okrug</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Yaroslavl Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref269_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref269-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Yaroslavl Urban Okrug,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref269_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref269-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yaroslavsky Municipal District</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moscow_Time" title="Moscow Time">MSK</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448?uselang=en#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-vremeni_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vremeni-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal code(s)</a><sup id="cite_ref-PostCode_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PostCode-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">150000—150066</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">Dialing code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+7 4852<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OKTMO" title="OKTMO">OKTMO</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">78701000001</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://city-yaroslavl.ru/">city-yaroslavl<wbr />.ru</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: ii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1170">1170</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2005 (29th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">110 ha</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">580 ha</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yaroslavl</b><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Ярославль</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[jɪrɐˈsɫavlʲ]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">city</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavl Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, located 250 kilometers (160 mi) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. The historic part of the city is a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, and is located at the <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kotorosl_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotorosl River">Kotorosl</a> rivers. It is part of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Ring_of_Russia" title="Golden Ring of Russia">Golden Ring</a>, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history. Population: <span class="nowrap">577,279 (<a href="/wiki/2021_Russian_census" title="2021 Russian census">2021 Census</a>)</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">591,486 (<a href="/wiki/2010_Russian_census" title="2010 Russian census">2010 Census</a>)</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">613,088 (<a href="/wiki/2002_Russian_census" title="2002 Russian census">2002 Census</a>)</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-PopCensus_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopCensus-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">632,991 (<a href="/wiki/1989_Soviet_census" title="1989 Soviet census">1989 Soviet census</a>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Census1989_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1989-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reportedly the capital of an independent <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Yaroslavl" title="Principality of Yaroslavl">Principality of Yaroslavl</a> from 1218, it was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Grand Duchy of Moscow</a> in 1463.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 17th century, it was Russia's second-largest city, and for a time (during the <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> occupation of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> in 1612), the country's <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> capital. Today, Yaroslavl is an important industrial center (petrochemical plant, tire manufacturing plant, diesel engines plant and many others). It developed at the confluence of major rivers, which were important for transportation and, later, for power. Because of the city's importance, several major <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">railways</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">highways</a> were constructed to intersect here. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Yaroslavl">Early Yaroslavl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early Yaroslavl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oldest settlement in the city is to be found on the left bank of the Volga River in front of the Strelka (a small cape at the confluence of the Volga and Kotorosl); this dates from the 5th–3rd millennium BCE.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 9th century the so-called Russian Khaganate formed, near Yaroslavl, a large Scandinavian-Slavic settlement in Timerevo. It is known for a surviving range of burial mounds. When excavations were carried out, a large number of artifacts, including Scandinavian weapons with runic inscriptions, chess pieces, and the largest collection of Arabian coins (treasure) in northern Europe (the earliest were struck in the first Idrisid), were found.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Timerevo the fourth set of Scandinavian brooches ever found in Russia was discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apparently, this "proto-Yaroslavl" was a major center for the <a href="/wiki/Volga_trade_route" title="Volga trade route">Volga trade route</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after the founding of Yaroslavl, the settlement went into decline, probably in connection with the termination of the operation of the Volga trade route.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upstream of the Volga River, just outside the boundaries of the modern city, archaeologists have studied a large <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a> with a predominance of ordinary graves of the Finno-Ugric-type.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_of_the_city">Foundation of the city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation of the city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based on its earliest date of foundation, Yaroslavl is the oldest of all the existing towns on the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yaroslavl was founded by <a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_the_Wise" title="Yaroslav the Wise">Yaroslav the Wise</a>, a prince of <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a>, during the period of his ruling the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Rostov" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Rostov">Principality of Rostov</a> (988—1010) when he stepped ashore for the first time near the area now known as 'Strelka.' This is used as a contemporary park. On this spot, which was well protected from attack by the high, steep banks of the Volga, Kotorosl and Medveditsa rivers, Yaroslavl and his men began to set about building the first Yaroslavl Kremlin. The first recorded event of Yaroslavl occurred as a result of <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a>; it was recorded as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rostov_Uprising_of_1071&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rostov Uprising of 1071 (page does not exist)">Rostov Uprising of 1071</a>. The name of the city is traditionally linked to that of its founder: Yaroslav. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yaroslav_I_the_Wise_in_Yaroslavl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Yaroslav_I_the_Wise_in_Yaroslavl.jpg/170px-Yaroslav_I_the_Wise_in_Yaroslavl.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Yaroslav_I_the_Wise_in_Yaroslavl.jpg/255px-Yaroslav_I_the_Wise_in_Yaroslavl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Yaroslav_I_the_Wise_in_Yaroslavl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>Yaroslav the Wise stands over the body of the bear which he, according to legend, killed before founding the city</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 12th century, the Petropavlovsky and Spaso-Preobrazhensky monasteries of Yaroslavl had already been developed. At that time, they were located well beyond the city limits, but the city later grew to encompass these institutions. During its first two centuries, Yaroslavl remained a minor fortified city of the Rostov-Suzdal lands.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>From the beginning of the thirteenth century, Yaroslavl was ruled by the lordship of <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_of_Rostov" title="Konstantin of Rostov">Konstantin</a> and became one of his primary residences. Just before his death in 1218, Konstantin broke up his land among his various sons, bequeathing the Yaroslave land to his second son Vsevolod. The son ruled it as the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Yaroslavl" title="Principality of Yaroslavl">Principality of Yaroslavl</a>. This principality, of which Yaroslavl became the capital, included a number of territories to the north and operated independently until its eventual absorption in 1463 into the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Moscow">Principality of Moscow</a>. </p><p>During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Yaroslavl was a city largely built from wood, as a result of which it often found itself plagued by disastrous fires, which in some cases almost destroyed the entire city, a good example of which would be that which took place just before the transfer of power in the city to <a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_the_Big_Nest" title="Vsevolod the Big Nest">Vsevolod</a> on 1221. Another constant source of danger for the city and for the many Russian princes of the time came from the East and the many foreign invaders, usually from the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol invasion of Rus'">Mongol Horde</a>. A particularly successful attack took place in 1257, when troops from the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> under <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a> overran the Principality of Yaroslavl and murdered both the larger population of the area and the prince's close family.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the site of that unfortunate event, on the right bank of the Kotorosl, there is now a memorial church and cross. A mass grave containing at least 300 bodies of victims of a Mongol invasion in the year 1238, was discovered during an excavation in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1293 and 1322 there were further disastrous attacks on Yaroslavl launched by the Golden Horde, and in 1278<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1364 the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Plague</a> struck.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On many an occasion Yaroslavl had to be completely rebuilt, both in terms of residential buildings which no longer exist, to those larger more permanent structures which remain to this day, such as the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery and 1314 Monastery of Maria of Tolga, which is located on the left bank of the Volga. In 1463 the Principality of Yaroslavl was finally absorbed into the Grand-duchy of Moscow, with the area it once covered becoming an oblast within the new structure of the Muscovite state. From this point onwards the history of the city and its lands became completely inseparable from that of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> and eventually <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16th_century_and_the_Time_of_Troubles">16th century and the Time of Troubles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 16th century and the Time of Troubles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg/220px-Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg/330px-Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg/440px-Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2064" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Bogolyubov" title="Alexey Bogolyubov">Alexey Bogolyubov</a>. <i>A <a href="/wiki/Crucession" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucession">Crucession</a> in Yaroslavl</i>, painted in 1863</figcaption></figure> <p>Even in the 16th century, Yaroslavl continued to suffer from large scale fires and the damage they did to the city's developing economy and infrastructure. As a result, the age old tradition of building in wood was abandoned and a new city built of stone began to appear; unfortunately, this meant that very little of the Yaroslavl of the Middle Ages remained unchanged. The most prominent example of this is the Spaso-Preobrazhensky monastery which was destroyed in 1501 and rebuilt in just under a few years. Resultantly the monastery's cathedral was built up in 1506–1516, a building which remains, to this day, the oldest unchanged building in the city. By the middle of the sixteenth century, a number of other building works had been completed in the monastery, also, other than this, for the first time in its history, Yaroslavl gained a stone-built wall with a number of large watchtowers which were intended to be used to spot attackers from miles away. During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_IV_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan IV (Russia)">Ivan the Terrible</a>, when all the Russian principalities gave up their traditional rights and submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a>, the two large monasteries of Yaroslavl profited very much from rich gifts from the court of the Tsar, largely because Ivan IV made a number of pilgrimages to Yaroslavl over the course of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New building works were also made affordable by a large upswing in Yaroslavl's economic fortunes which the city experienced in the middle part of the 16th century. The main reason for this largely unexpected improvement in Yaroslavl's fortunes came largely from the city's position on the Volga which allowed trade to be brought from and to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> via the river, linking the new Russian capital with the port of <a href="/wiki/Archangelsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangelsk">Archangelsk</a> darstellte. Resultantly Yaroslavl became an important place for the conduct of international trade and a number of shipping berths and warehouses grew up around the city for the use of merchants, especially those from <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yaroslavl_1731.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Yaroslavl_1731.jpg/220px-Yaroslavl_1731.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Yaroslavl_1731.jpg/330px-Yaroslavl_1731.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Yaroslavl_1731.jpg/440px-Yaroslavl_1731.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>Yaroslavl used to be known as the city of many churches</figcaption></figure> <p>The economic prosperity of Yaroslavl during the late 16th century was put to an end by the unsteady years of troubles which lasted from around 1598 until 1613. Like most Russian cities of the time, Yaroslavl was devastated by famine and became a potential target city for Polish-Lithuanian troops acting in their capacity as 'interventionists' in the troubled Russian state. The Polish-Lithuanian-supported <a href="/wiki/False_Dmitry_II" title="False Dmitry II">pretender to the Russian throne</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Karachev" title="Karachev">Karachev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a>, and other towns, was reinforced by the Poles, and in the spring of 1608 advanced upon <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, routing the army of <a href="/wiki/Vasily_IV_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasily IV of Russia">Tsar Vasily Shuisky</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bolkhov" title="Bolkhov">Bolkhov</a>. Promises of the wholesale confiscation of the estates of the boyars drew many common people to his side. The village of <a href="/wiki/Tushino" title="Tushino">Tushino</a>, twelve <a href="/wiki/Verst" title="Verst">versts</a> from the capital, was converted into an armed camp where Dmitry gathered his army. Resultantly this pretender won the appreciation of the powers in Yaroslavl and thus their loyalty. However, despite having promised to pay a higher rate of taxes and dues to the Polish occupiers, Yaroslavl was on numerous occasions plundered by the forces of the pretender Dmitry. This led to a number of popular uprisings. Thus in early 1609, a Russian peasant army was formed to free as many of the Volga's cities as possible, including, among others, <a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a> and Yaroslavl. </p><p>In May 1609, another Polish army under the command of <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_J%C3%B3zef_Lisowski" title="Aleksander Józef Lisowski">Aleksander Józef Lisowski</a> tried to bring the strategically important city of Yaroslavl under the power of the invaders. However, the majority of the city's citizens had withdrawn into the center of the city and found refuge behind the protective earthen wall, thus denying the Poles entry without a fight. Yet even when Lisowski successfully (through deceit) managed to get behind this wall, he found that the citizens of Yaroslavl had retreated into their ancient wooden Kremlin and the two stone-built monasteries. The ensuing siege of Yaroslavl lasted until 22 May, but despite constant attempts to take the city, the Poles had to return to Moscow having not fulfilled their duty to bring Yaroslavl under direct control of their command. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minin_i_Pozharskiy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Minin_i_Pozharskiy.jpg/250px-Minin_i_Pozharskiy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Minin_i_Pozharskiy.jpg/330px-Minin_i_Pozharskiy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Minin_i_Pozharskiy.jpg/500px-Minin_i_Pozharskiy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2229" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Minin and Pozharsky, whilst on their way to relieve Moscow, made Yaroslavl their base and thus de facto capital of Russia for two months in 1612</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite their failure at Yaroslavl, Polish forces remained in control of Moscow, and despite an attempt in 1610 by the Russian peasants' army to unseat the Poles from the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Kremlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Kremlin">Moscow Kremlin</a>, little was accomplished and there seemed no end in sight for the occupation of the Russian tsardom. One year later, however, <a href="/wiki/Kuzma_Minin" title="Kuzma Minin">Kuzma Minin</a> and Prince <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Pozharsky" title="Dmitry Pozharsky">Dmitry Pozharsky</a> founded yet another peasants' army in <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, that on the way to Moscow, found itself stationed in Yaroslavl for many months. In this time from April to June 1612, Yaroslavl became the <i>de facto</i> capital of Russia, since in this place the most important matters of state were settled until the eventual liberation of Moscow came. After its time in Yaroslavl the peasants' army moved on towards Moscow, and with thanks to the rest and help they had received voluntarily from the people of Yaroslavl, the army was able to liberate Moscow and finally put an end to the Polish-Lithuanian 'intervention' in the affairs of the Russian state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trading_post_and_government_center">Trading post and government center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Trading post and government center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yaroslavl-old-Volkov-sq2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Yaroslavl-old-Volkov-sq2.jpg/220px-Yaroslavl-old-Volkov-sq2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Yaroslavl-old-Volkov-sq2.jpg/330px-Yaroslavl-old-Volkov-sq2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Yaroslavl-old-Volkov-sq2.jpg/440px-Yaroslavl-old-Volkov-sq2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>Yaroslavl's Volkov Square as it would have appeared before the reconstruction of the Volkov Theater in the early 1900s</figcaption></figure> <p>With the general economic revival of the Russian state's economy after the end of the Troubles, Yaroslavl continued to be an important trading post and retained its place on the route of numerous traditional trading routes from the West to East and vice versa. By way of the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> trade was carried out with the lands of the <a href="/wiki/Orient" title="Orient">Orient</a>. The northern trade route through the city ran to the port of <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a> in Russia's far north, whilst other Eastern trade lines ran East over the <a href="/wiki/Urals" class="mw-redirect" title="Urals">Urals</a> to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. The town benefited very much from its geographical location over the years and the wealth which business produced for the town helped ensure its prosperous future. In fact, in the 17th century, a number of early industrial concerns were set up in the city, including a number of leather-working shops, in which around 700 people eventually came to work. Other trades for which Yaroslavl became a center over the years were in the production of textiles, cosmetics (fragrances) and silver work. </p><p>As a result of the prosperity enjoyed by the city, Yaroslavl saw a huge expansion in the size of its population over the course of the 17th century, and by the end of this century, the town had a population of around 15,000 people,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the second-largest city of the Russian Tsardom after Moscow. This period was also particularly important for the urban development of the city because during the 17th century a multitude of stone-walled churches were built in the city; today these churches still form a major part of the old town's city center. Work on most of these churches was begun with funds gifted to the city by rich local merchants, and thus they had a large say in what form the buildings would eventually take. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Living_quarters_for_workers_of_the_Yaroslavl_Major_Manufactory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Living_quarters_for_workers_of_the_Yaroslavl_Major_Manufactory.jpg/220px-Living_quarters_for_workers_of_the_Yaroslavl_Major_Manufactory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Living_quarters_for_workers_of_the_Yaroslavl_Major_Manufactory.jpg/330px-Living_quarters_for_workers_of_the_Yaroslavl_Major_Manufactory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Living_quarters_for_workers_of_the_Yaroslavl_Major_Manufactory.jpg/440px-Living_quarters_for_workers_of_the_Yaroslavl_Major_Manufactory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="923" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>The living quarters and workplace for employees of Yaroslavl's first major industrial enterprise, the city's textiles plant</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1658, Yaroslavl endured a disastrous fire that destroyed most of the city's few remaining wooden buildings, including the ancient Kremlin.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this point onwards the city began to develop in the same way as it has done up to this very day, as a city built almost exclusively out of brick and mortar. </p><p>At the beginning of the 18th century Yaroslavl finally began to transform itself from a trading post into a major industrial town; this largely came about because with the foundation by <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> in 1703, the importance of Arkhangelsk as a port on the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ocean">Northern Ocean</a> was drastically decreased, and the amount of trade being channeled through the city for export fell accordingly. Luckily, the wealth which Yaroslavl had amassed over its many years as an important trading post allowed it to invest great amounts of money into the development of the city's new industrial base, and thus make the city very attractive to new investors. In 1772 the textiles factory of Ivan Tames opened on the right bank of the Kotorosl. This plant was not only Yaroslavl's first major industrial enterprise but also one of Russia's largest textiles producers. The establishment still exists today under the name 'Textile factory 'Krasny Perekop' (russ. <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Красный Перекоп</span></span>). In addition to the rise in textile manufacturing, Yaroslavl's traditional position as a center for skilled leatherwork remained unchanged. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavilions_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pavilions_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg/220px-Pavilions_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pavilions_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg/330px-Pavilions_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pavilions_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg/440px-Pavilions_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption>Volga-Promenade with decorative Pavilion. A postcard from 1915.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1770s, as a result of the city's economic development and ever-rising population, the city became a major provincial center, thus in the course of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>'s administrative reforms under <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a> Yaroslavl, in 1777, became the center of its own <a href="/wiki/Guberniya" class="mw-redirect" title="Guberniya">governorate</a>, and in 1778 received its own grant of arms. In 1796, the city finally became the seat of one of the Empire's new governorates. As an administrative center of the highest order, Yaroslavl, in 1778, received its own plan for urban development specially drawn out by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Starov" title="Ivan Starov">Ivan Starov</a>. This led to another wave of building works in the city, the results of which are still visible in the city today. With the Ilyinskaya Square and Church of Elijah the Prophet at its center, the new plan called for the development of a network of long boulevards and streets that would be bordered by large classical-style buildings and numerous city parks. A prominent example of this later development is the former House of Charity (built in 1786), which is now one of the buildings of the city's <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_State_University" title="Yaroslavl State University">'Demidov' State University</a>. </p><p>For Yaroslavl, the 19th meant a period of intensive building work, infrastructural development and industrialization. In 1803 the 'School of Higher Sciences' was opened, this was the city's first educational institute and is recognized as the forerunner to the city's current state university. In 1812 the first permanent bridge (built near the Transfiguration Monastery) over the Kotorosl was finished, and by 1820 the city's Volga embankment was stabilized and turned into a large shaded promenade. Also, other major classicist building works were started, among which was the Governor's House (1821–1823) (today location of the city's gallery). In 1860 Yaroslavl was finally connected, through Moscow, via telegraph to the other major cities of Russia, and this was then soon followed, in 1870, by the building of Yaroslavl's first railway station<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and inauguration of Yaroslavl-Moscow railway. In 1873 the city gained municipal waterworks and by 1900 an electrified tramway. Just before the end of the 19th century in 1897, Yaroslavl had a recorded population of around 71,600 people.<sup id="cite_ref-mojgorod_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mojgorod-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_and_millennium">20th century and millennium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century and millennium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_takes_the_bread_and_salt_from_the_Yaroslavl_Old_Believer_communities_Ascension.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Emperor_takes_the_bread_and_salt_from_the_Yaroslavl_Old_Believer_communities_Ascension.JPG/220px-Emperor_takes_the_bread_and_salt_from_the_Yaroslavl_Old_Believer_communities_Ascension.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Emperor_takes_the_bread_and_salt_from_the_Yaroslavl_Old_Believer_communities_Ascension.JPG/330px-Emperor_takes_the_bread_and_salt_from_the_Yaroslavl_Old_Believer_communities_Ascension.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Emperor_takes_the_bread_and_salt_from_the_Yaroslavl_Old_Believer_communities_Ascension.JPG/440px-Emperor_takes_the_bread_and_salt_from_the_Yaroslavl_Old_Believer_communities_Ascension.JPG 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II" title="Nicholas II">Nicholas II</a> in Yaroslavl for the 300th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Romanov" title="House of Romanov">House of Romanov</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Right up until the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> Yaroslavl remained a large industrial town with a well-developed municipal infrastructure. However, the effects of the 1917 <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> were wide-reaching, and after the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> of 1917–1920 the city's economy suffered rather drastically; this led to a significant contraction of the city's population. The <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Uprising" title="Yaroslavl Uprising">Yaroslavl Rebellion</a>, which lasted from 6 to 21 July 1918 had particularly grave consequences. In this event, a group of conservative activists tried to remove the newly installed Bolshevik municipal authorities through an armed intervention. The rebels managed to secure a number of large parts of the city, however, this led only to an assault by the Red Army which saw the city surrounded, cut off from supplies and bombarded day and night with artillery and air forces. The rebellion was eventually put down, and ended with official figures putting the number of deaths among the city's residents at about 600, in addition to which around 2,000 of the city's buildings were either destroyed or badly damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yar_annunciation_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Yar_annunciation_3.jpg/250px-Yar_annunciation_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Yar_annunciation_3.jpg/330px-Yar_annunciation_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Yar_annunciation_3.jpg/500px-Yar_annunciation_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="734" /></a><figcaption>Yaroslavl's <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Church,_Yaroslavl" title="Ascension Church, Yaroslavl">Ascension Church</a>, which was badly damaged during the <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Uprising" title="Yaroslavl Uprising">Yaroslavl Uprising</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of Yaroslavl took part in the early Soviet Union's program of accelerated industrialization. Milestones for this period include the opening of the city's first municipal power plant in 1926, the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_rubber" title="Synthetic rubber">Synthetic rubber</a> mass production in factory <i>SK-1</i>, the reestablishment of domestic production facilities for the production of automobile and aircraft tires in the 1928-founded Yaroslavl Tyre Factory, and the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a>-<a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> combined works in 1933. In addition to all this, the Yaroslavl Automobile Works (founded 1916) continued to produce vehicles, including a number for the municipal transport administration of Moscow, well into the 1930s. </p><p>During the years of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Yaroslavl managed to escape the prospect of German occupation, since the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> did not manage to break through the Soviet defense lines surrounding <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. However, due to its location as a large transportation hub, and since the 1913-built railway bridge over the Volga in Yaroslavl was the only point at which to cross the river, the city became a major target for <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">air raids</a> during 1942–1943. During one of the heaviest of all these raids on 11 June 1943, over 120 of the city's inhabitants were killed, while another 150 or so were badly injured. In addition to this around 200 buildings (including one of the tire factory's main workshops) were completely destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the city's industry, including the automobile, tyre and textile plants, were converted, during the war, to produce armament and equipment for the Soviet Red Army. Overall about 200,000 people from the Yaroslavl area died on the fronts during World War II. This sacrifice is today memorialized through a monument and eternal flame which was opened near the mouth of the Kotorosl River in 1968. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%AF%D1%80-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C-1960.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/%D0%AF%D1%80-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C-1960.jpg/220px-%D0%AF%D1%80-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C-1960.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/%D0%AF%D1%80-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C-1960.jpg/330px-%D0%AF%D1%80-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C-1960.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/%D0%AF%D1%80-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C-1960.jpg/440px-%D0%AF%D1%80-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C-1960.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption>Red Square with its Lenin monument in Soviet-era Yaroslavl. Major building and infrastructure projects, as well as party slogans, such as that in this photo – 'Communism grows ever stronger upon the earth', were very characteristic of the urban development communism brought to the city</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockade of Leningrad">Blockade of Leningrad</a> a great number of children, who were brought over the frozen <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ladoga" title="Lake Ladoga">Lake Ladoga</a> (the so-called <a href="/wiki/Road_of_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Road of life">Road of life</a>) were evacuated to a safer new life in Yaroslavl. Yaroslavl was at the time also home to a camp for military prisoners of war 'Camp No. 276' for German soldiers imprisoned for taking part in hostilities against the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the second half of the century, the industrialization and development of the city took the foremost position in Yaroslavl's history, including the opening of <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Refinery" title="Yaroslavl Refinery">Yaroslavl Refinery</a> in 1961. Beginning in the 1960s, the city began to open up and a large number of residential districts began to spring up all over the city, including, for the first time in the city's history, on the left bank of the Volga, where development had traditionally not taken place. This left-bank development was further encouraged by the construction, in 1965, of a new Volga crossing for automobiles. In 1968 the city's population finally rose, for the first time, to over half a million inhabitants; it has been growing, almost constantly, ever since.<sup id="cite_ref-mojgorod_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mojgorod-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1000_years_of_Yaroslavl_(miniature_sheet).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1000_years_of_Yaroslavl_%28miniature_sheet%29.jpg/220px-1000_years_of_Yaroslavl_%28miniature_sheet%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1000_years_of_Yaroslavl_%28miniature_sheet%29.jpg/330px-1000_years_of_Yaroslavl_%28miniature_sheet%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/1000_years_of_Yaroslavl_%28miniature_sheet%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Russia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Russia">Russian postage stamp</a> celebrating the millennium of Yaroslavl</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 2005 Yaroslavl's historic city center was inscribed onto the list of UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>. The support for this was in line with the list's second (a unique example of the combining of cultural and architectural styles between Western Europe and the Russian Empire) and fourth (a unique example of urban development influenced by the Municipal Planning Reform in Russia of Empress Catherine the Great 1763–1830).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, the preparations for the celebration of the millennium of Yaroslavl's foundation began; this was finally celebrated on the second weekend in September 2010. Under the conditions of the preparations for the city's 1000th anniversary, the municipal authorities invested a great deal of money into the development of the city's road and rail infrastructure, much of the funds for which were granted by the federal government in Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Included in these preparations was the opening of a new bridge (in 2006) over the Volga; this is now known as the Jubilee Bridge. Also in August 2008, the newly built Yaroslavl Zoo was opened; this was then expanded further in 2010. </p><p>In 2009, Yaroslavl became a meeting place for global policy debates within the International Conference 'The Modern State and Global Security'. AKA <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Global_Policy_Forum" title="Yaroslavl Global Policy Forum">Yaroslavl Global Policy Forum</a>. The conference in Yaroslavl gathered the most authoritative representatives of political science, business community as well as the representatives of the governments of a number of different states. Dmitry Medvedev, President of the Russian Federation, José Luis Zapatero, Prime Minister of Spain and François Fillon, Prime Minister of France were all participants at the Conference. </p><p>In 2010, Russian officials gathered together with international authorities in Yaroslavl to discuss the challenges facing the modern state at the <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Global_Policy_Forum" title="Yaroslavl Global Policy Forum">Global Policy Forum</a> for 'The Modern State: Standards of Democracy and Criteria of Efficiency'. In 2011 Yaroslavl will bring together participants from all over the world to discuss the 2011 agenda: 'The modern state in the age of social diversity'. </p><p>On September 7, 2011, most of the members of the city's <a href="/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League" title="Kontinental Hockey League">KHL</a> (ice hockey) team, <a href="/wiki/Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl" title="Lokomotiv Yaroslavl">Lokomotiv Yaroslavl</a>, perished in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl_plane_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash">2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash</a> on takeoff from Yaroslavl's <a href="/wiki/Tunoshna_Airport" title="Tunoshna Airport">Tunoshna Airport</a>. Germans crossed the Moscow - Volga Canal in 1941 and briefly got into Yaroslavl, also they bombed it on and off in 1941-3 and with V1 and with V2 Rockets in 1941–5, the Abwehr attacked the City in 1941–5. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city lies in the eastern portion of <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavl Oblast</a>. The nearest large towns are <a href="/wiki/Tutayev" title="Tutayev">Tutayev</a> (34 kilometers or 21 miles to the northwest), <a href="/wiki/Gavrilov-Yam" title="Gavrilov-Yam">Gavrilov-Yam</a> (37 kilometers or 23 miles to the south), and <a href="/wiki/Nerekhta,_Kostroma_Oblast" title="Nerekhta, Kostroma Oblast">Nerekhta</a> (47 kilometers or 29 miles to the southeast). The historic center of Yaroslavl lies to the north of the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Kotorosl_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotorosl River">Kotorosl River</a> on the right bank of the larger <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River</a>. The city's entire urban area covers around 205 square kilometers (79 sq mi)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and includes a number of territories south of the Kotorosl and on the left bank of the Volga. </p><p>With nearly 600,000 residents, Yaroslavl is, by population, the largest town on the Volga until it reaches <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>. It is a large transport node, and a great number of important national and regional roads, railways, and waterways pass through the city. Many of the roads that connect Yaroslavl to Moscow and beyond are two-lane highways. </p><p>Yaroslavl and its respective oblast are located in the central area of the <a href="/wiki/East_European_Plain" title="East European Plain">East European Plain</a>, which in areas to the northeast of Moscow is characterized by rolling hills and a generally uneven landscape; however, most of these hills are no larger than 200 meters (660 ft) in height. Typical for this region, the area in and around Yaroslavl is rich in <a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest">mixed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forest" title="Temperate coniferous forest">coniferous</a> forests. In addition to these, there are also large areas of <a href="/wiki/Swampland" class="mw-redirect" title="Swampland">swampland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VolgaZimoy.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/VolgaZimoy.JPG/220px-VolgaZimoy.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/VolgaZimoy.JPG/330px-VolgaZimoy.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/VolgaZimoy.JPG/440px-VolgaZimoy.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A completely frozen Volga River in Yaroslavl (winter 2006)</figcaption></figure> <p>Yaroslavl and its local area have a typical <a href="/wiki/Temperateness" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperateness">temperate</a> <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental climate</a>, in comparison to central and western Europe. This makes for a climate of snowier, colder, and drier winters, and typically temperate, warmer summers. </p><p>The winter weather in Yaroslavl begins in about November and usually goes on for five months, into spring. The coldest month of the year is typically January, with an average temperature of −12.0 °C (10.4 °F). However, at this time it is not uncommon for temperatures to drop below −20 °C (−4 °F). In some cases (for example, most recently in <a href="/wiki/2006_European_cold_wave" title="2006 European cold wave">January 2006</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), temperatures of −35 to −40 °C (−31 to −40 °F) can be experienced. Record low is −46 °C (−51 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, Yaroslavl can also experience positive temperatures during this time of the year (for example, in 1932, when a <a href="/wiki/Thaw_(weather)" title="Thaw (weather)">thaw</a> lasted for seventeen days of January<sup id="cite_ref-gorodyaroslavl_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gorodyaroslavl-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Typically the Volga freezes over during the winter. Snow cover is usually 35–50-centimeter thick (14–20 in), but can in some cases be up to 70 centimeters (28 in) in depth. The springtime months are best characterized by a typical lack of precipitation. Precipitation in April is low - 30–40 mm; its increase begins in May, when more than 50 mm of precipitation falls. May has the lowest relative humidity of the year - about 70%. From the end of March into April, there is often a thaw, and much of the ice and snow melts to reveal foliage underneath. It is not uncommon for temperatures in April to reach +20 °C (68 °F). Summers in Yaroslavl are typically wet with some heavy rainstorms. The summer often reaches its hottest point during the months of June/July, and often days over +30 °C (86 °F). From September begins the two-month-long fall, which is characterized by relatively high humidity, fewer sunny days, and unpredictable temperatures (it is possible to first see ground frost in September). The average amount of precipitation during a year is 591 millimeters (23.3 in), of which 84 millimeters or 3.3 inches (the most precipitation in one month) falls in July. The very least precipitation occurs in winter and spring (particularly in February and March). </p><p>The following figures for precipitation and temperature values in Yaroslavl have been collated on the basis of data from the years 1961–1990. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Yaroslavl, Russia (1961–1990) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2<br />(17.2) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.8<br />(21.6) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.0<br />(10.4) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.0<br />(14.0) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.3<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.8<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.2<br />(6.4) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.6<br />(16.5) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.6<br />(11.1) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84<br />(3.3) </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">591<br />(23.3) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_front.jpg/175px-Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_front.jpg/263px-Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_front.jpg/350px-Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4428" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Yaroslavl's founder's monument and coat of arms are depicted on the front of the 1000 rouble note.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_back.jpg/175px-Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_back.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_back.jpg/263px-Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_back.jpg/350px-Banknote_1000_rubles_2004_back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4428" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Whilst the city's <a href="/wiki/St._John_the_Baptist_Church,_Yaroslavl" title="St. John the Baptist Church, Yaroslavl">St. John the Baptist Church</a> is on the reverse.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Yaroslavl currently has a <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">flag</a> which are both made up of two heraldic symbols. Both of these items are intrinsically linked with the legend surrounding the foundation of the city; the <a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">bear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halberd" title="Halberd">halberd</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yaroslavl_COA_(Yaroslavl_Governorate)_(1778).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Yaroslavl_COA_%28Yaroslavl_Governorate%29_%281778%29.png" decoding="async" width="174" height="214" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="214" /></a><figcaption>First municipal coat of arms from 1778</figcaption></figure> <p>The first coat of arms of Yaroslavl<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was officially granted on August 31, 1778. At that time it was made up of a silver field upon which the form of a bear was placed, and which, with its left forepaw held a golden halberd. In 1856 the coat of arms was modified slightly, which left the traditional image of the halberd-carrying bear as it was but added an imperial crown surmounted on top of the shield. In addition to this a sprig of golden oak leaves was added to surround the shield, intertwined with the blue ribbon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Andrew" title="Order of St. Andrew">Order of Saint Andrew</a>. This form of the coat of arms was then left unaltered until 1918, just after the Bolsheviks came to power as a result of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>. After the abolition of the Tsarist municipal and provincial symbols by the newly installed <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> administration in Yaroslavl, the city received no new official symbols, and thus the situation remained until the end of the twentieth century. The third and current version of the city's coat of arms was adopted on August 23, 1995 by the municipal council. The coloring and form of the arms are taken from those of 1856; however, the sprig of oak and ribbon of St. Andrew were removed and have not yet been reintroduced to the symbols of the city. In addition to this, the imperial crown which previously surmounted the whole design has been replaced, in the current version by the <a href="/wiki/Cap_of_Monomakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap of Monomakh">Cap of Monomakh</a>—a symbol of the Russian autocracy and an otherwise powerful symbol of the Russian state. </p><p>The flag of Yaroslavl<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was adopted on May 22, 1996. It is a simple design that depicts the coat of arms of the city (1995 version), which must take up at least one-third of the flag's entire size, upon a light blue background. The whole flag is rectangular in shape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1897</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">72,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">112,238</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+55.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">299,359</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+166.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">407,071</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+36.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">517,314</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+27.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">596,951</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">632,991</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">613,088</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">591,486</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">577,279</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Censuses<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><p>According to the 2021 All-Russian Population Census, as of October 1, 2021, the city was in 27th place in terms of population out of 1117  cities of the Russian Federation. </p><p>The share of Yaroslavl in the population of the region is 47.88%. Population density: 2805.05 people. per km<sup>2</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Population in thousands </th></tr> <tr> <th>Age </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Younger than working age </td> <td>81.3 </td> <td>82.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Of these, children ages 1–6 </td> <td>32.4 </td> <td>33.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Of working age </td> <td>380.9 </td> <td>379.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Older than working age </td> <td>143.0 </td> <td>144.2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The local government of Yaroslavl consists of the Mayoralty, the head of which is the <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a>, and the Municipal Council, the members of which may cast votes at council meetings. </p><p><b>The mayoralty</b><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plays the role of the executive in the city's municipal administration. The mayor is elected by the city's electorate for four years in a direct election.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between December 1991 and April 2012 this office has been held by Viktor Volonchunas, a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Russia" title="United Russia">United Russia</a> party.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In April 2012, <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Urlashov" title="Yevgeny Urlashov">Yevgeny Urlashov</a> was elected the new mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on July 3, 2013, he was detained by police on charges of bribery extortion. On July 18, 2013, he was officially removed from his post and replaced with acting mayor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Nechayev_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Nechayev (politician) (page does not exist)">Alexander Nechayev</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayor_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayor-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 7, 2022 <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Молчанов, Артём Владимирович">Artyom Vladimirovich Molchanov</a> was elected as the new mayor of the city. </p><p><b>The Municipal Council</b><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the city makes up the administration's <a href="/wiki/Legislative" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative">legislative</a> branch, thus effectively making it a city 'parliament' or <a href="/wiki/City_duma" title="City duma">city duma</a>. The municipal council is made up of 36 elected members, who represent a certain district of the city for a four-year term. In the regular meetings of the municipal council, problems facing the city are discussed, and annually the city's budget is drawn up. The council also has a court of audit and four standing committees.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each of the city's six districts has its own district administration, all of which are ultimately part of the city's administration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economics">Economics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Industry</dt></dl> <ul><li>Yaroslavl Shipyard, <a href="/wiki/Komatsu_Limited" title="Komatsu Limited">Komatsu</a> (along Kaluga Krasnodar Sankt Petersburg, Moscow area 2 - 3 sites, Kemerovo Oblast)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YaMZ" class="mw-redirect" title="YaMZ">YaMZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeda_Pharmaceutical_Company" title="Takeda Pharmaceutical Company">Takeda Pharmaceutical Company</a></li> <li>R-Pharma</li> <li>other various industry manufacturing</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_and_municipal_status">Administrative and municipal status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Administrative and municipal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yaroslavl serves as the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">oblast</a> and, within the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">framework of administrative divisions</a>, it also serves as the administrative center of <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavsky_District,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Yaroslavsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavsky District</a>, even though it is not a part of it.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref154_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref154-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an administrative division, it is incorporated as the <b><a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">city of oblast significance</a> of Yaroslavl</b>—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Yaroslavl Oblast">districts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref154_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref154-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">municipal division</a>, the city of oblast significance of Yaroslavl is incorporated as <b>Yaroslavl Urban Okrug</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref269_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref269-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_divisions">City divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: City divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yaroslavl is divided into six city districts. The center is located on the northern bank of the Kotorosl River, where it converges with the Volga on the Volga's western bank. The center is the economic and political hub of the city. It is also the oldest district in the city and where it was first settled. The center contains the majority of landmarks and attractions in the city, including the Volkov Theater, the Church of Elijah the Prophet, the football stadium, and the Volga embankment and the monastery, which is often mistakenly called the kremlin. Pyatyorka is located north of the center but is still under its administrative jurisdiction. Pyatyorka is largely a residential region with very few notable sites, aside from a few houses of culture. </p><p>Across the Kotorosl lie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frunzensky_City_District,_Yaroslavl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frunzensky City District, Yaroslavl (page does not exist)">Frunzensky</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krasnoperekopsky_City_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krasnoperekopsky City District (page does not exist)">Krasnoperekopsky City Districts</a>, which are divided by Moskovsky Avenue. Frunzensky is a relatively new district, constructed in the post-war era. Most of the buildings are of typical grey Soviet construction. Frunzensky City District is divided into three <a href="/wiki/Microdistrict" title="Microdistrict">microdistricts</a>: Suzdalka, Dyadkovo, and Lipovaya Gora. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yar_epitome.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Yar_epitome.JPG/220px-Yar_epitome.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Yar_epitome.JPG/330px-Yar_epitome.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Yar_epitome.JPG/440px-Yar_epitome.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._John_the_Baptist_Church,_Yaroslavl" title="St. John the Baptist Church, Yaroslavl">St. John the Baptist Church</a>, dating from the 1680s, is the acme of traditional <a href="/wiki/Russian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian architecture">Russian architecture</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Krasnoperekopsky City District is one of the oldest parts in Yaroslavl. Before the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">1917 Revolution</a>, it was home to the bulk of Yaroslavl's industry, and a good deal of industry remains today. Krasnoperekopsky City District is divided into two micro-districts, one of which is Neftestroy, an up-and-coming region, named for its proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Refinery" title="Yaroslavl Refinery">Yaroslavl Refinery</a>. Neftestroy is home to the newly built hockey arena, and there were plans to build an indoor football stadium there by the millennial anniversary of Yaroslavl's founding in 2010. On the other side of the railway tracks that run through Krasnopereposky City District lies the Perekop proper. Today, Perekop is known as one of the most dangerous areas of Yaroslavl. It consists largely of run-down, pre-Soviet <a href="/wiki/Izba" title="Izba">izbas</a> and decaying factory buildings. There are plans to pump life into this depressed district, but at the time of writing, it remains extremely impoverished and dangerous. Much of Yaroslavl's mafia grew out of Perekop. Perekop has some of Yaroslavl's most notable churches, including the <a href="/wiki/St._John_the_Baptist_Church,_Yaroslavl" title="St. John the Baptist Church, Yaroslavl">Church of Saint John the Baptist</a>, which is located next to a paint factory on the Kotorosl embankment; and Peter and Paul's Cathedral, a Protestant-style Orthodox church. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_John_the_Baptist_church_interior1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/St_John_the_Baptist_church_interior1.JPG/220px-St_John_the_Baptist_church_interior1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/St_John_the_Baptist_church_interior1.JPG/330px-St_John_the_Baptist_church_interior1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/St_John_the_Baptist_church_interior1.JPG/440px-St_John_the_Baptist_church_interior1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>The 17th-century churches of Yaroslavl are renowned for their magisterial proportions and elaborate frescoes</figcaption></figure> <p>North of the center there is a small industrial region, which is home to the tire factory, the engine plant, as well as many other smaller factories. Further north on the Western bank lies <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dzerzhinsky_City_District,_Yaroslavl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzerzhinsky City District, Yaroslavl (page does not exist)">Dzerzhinsky City District</a>, named after "Iron" <a href="/wiki/Felix_Edmundovich_Dzerzhinsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky">Felix Dzerzhinsky</a>, founder of the Cheka, the Soviet secret police. Dzerzhinsky City District's core micro-district is Bragino, named after a small village that was eventually consumed by Yaroslavl's post-war expansion. Bragino is the largest area in Yaroslavl in terms of population, but like Frunzensky City District, it is largely a residential area, mostly consisting of middle- to lower-middle-income families. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assumption_Cathedral_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Assumption_Cathedral_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/220px-Assumption_Cathedral_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Assumption_Cathedral_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/330px-Assumption_Cathedral_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Assumption_Cathedral_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/440px-Assumption_Cathedral_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2775" /></a><figcaption>The Assumption Cathedral, built in stone in the early 1210s, was rebuilt in its current form in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>On the other bank of the Volga lies <a href="/wiki/Zavolzhsky_City_District,_Yaroslavl" class="mw-redirect" title="Zavolzhsky City District, Yaroslavl">Zavolzhsky City District</a>. This city district was Yaroslavl's quietest and most-rural area, but now it is one of the most dynamic parts of the city with expansive new buildings with big hypermarkets, such as "Globus" and "Real". Birch and evergreen forests separate the apartment blocks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Travel_and_culture">Travel and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Travel and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yaroslavl is one of the eight cities of Russia's <a href="/wiki/Golden_Ring_of_Russia" title="Golden Ring of Russia">Golden Ring</a>, a group of touristic, historic towns around Moscow. Yaroslavl is situated on the north-eastern side of this 'ring' and is the largest city in its chain. While the city is best known for its architectural merits, it also has a relatively large repertoire of cultural attractions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">UNESCO World Heritage Site</span></a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_Saint_Nicholas_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Church_of_Saint_Nicholas_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/330px-Church_of_Saint_Nicholas_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Church_of_Saint_Nicholas_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/500px-Church_of_Saint_Nicholas_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Church_of_Saint_Nicholas_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/960px-Church_of_Saint_Nicholas_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="3150" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Church of Saint Nicholas in Yaroslavl</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (ii)(iv)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1170">1170</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2005 (29th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volga_tolga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Volga_tolga.jpg/220px-Volga_tolga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Volga_tolga.jpg/330px-Volga_tolga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Volga_tolga.jpg/440px-Volga_tolga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>Many Orthodox shrines and monasteries lie along the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> and a number of air-raids during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the city of Yaroslavl has managed to retain a great deal of its 17th, 18th and 19th-century urban substance. This has helped make the city recognized as a monument to the architectural development and style of the Russian Tsardom. The center of the city, which covers an area of around 600 hectares has around 140 individual federally-protected architectural monuments.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2005, this ensemble, along with the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery has been included on the list of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>. Despite all this, there are a number of buildings of architectural merit which are located outside of the city center. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Old_town">Old town</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Old town"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5_1.jpg/250px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5_1.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5_1.jpg/500px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5584" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>Church of <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> the Prophet in Yaroslavl</figcaption></figure> <p>The old town is effectively triangular in shape; this triangle is formed by the natural border provided to the south and east by the <a href="/wiki/Kotorosl" title="Kotorosl">Kotorosl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> rivers, and on the land side by the geometric pattern of the street plan, which dates from the 18th and 19th centuries. </p><p>Constructed in 1506–1516 on the foundations of the original edifice dating back to 1216–1224. In the 16th century, the first stone wall is built around the monastery. It is from this monastery that an army of volunteers led by Minin and Prince Pozharsky set out to liberate Moscow from Polish invaders. In 1787, the monastery was closed and converted into a residence of the Yaroslavl and Rostov bishops. At that time, monastery buildings began to be reconstructed. New cells and the prior's chambers were built. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_Morning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Church_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_Morning.jpg/250px-Church_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_Morning.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Church_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_Morning.jpg/330px-Church_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_Morning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Church_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_Morning.jpg/500px-Church_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_Morning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>The belfry tower of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery</figcaption></figure> <p>The most well-known building in the city is the 'Spaso-Preobrazhensky' ('Transfiguration of the Savior') Cathedral of the Spassky (St Savior) Monastery<sup id="cite_ref-Museumsreservat_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museumsreservat-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (russ. <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Спасо-Преображенский монастырь</span></span>). This monastery was founded in the 12th century and thus it, and its cathedral, is the oldest buildings in the city. The Transfiguration Cathedral itself, built in 1516, is the oldest detached building standing in the city, (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Спасо-Преображенский собор</span></span>). Typical for a Russian monastery of the Middle Ages, the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery in Yaroslavl was built to be not a place of worship, but also to be a <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kremlin_(fortification)" title="Kremlin (fortification)">kremlin</a> in case, in times of war, there was a need for such a facility. This is still visible today as the monastery is surrounded by a thick 16th century, white-painted wall, complete with watchtowers and embattlements. Within these walls stand the magisterial churches, which, with their asymmetrically ordered towers and decorated interiors, make for examples of traditional Russian sacral architecture. In addition to this, there is a gatehouse church, with which the monastery's dungeons and treasury were connected. The monastery has long had a place in the history of Yaroslavl and continues, albeit nowadays as a museum, to play a role in the life of the city. It was largely thanks to the impregnability of the monastery that, during the time of the Troubles, the Russian peasants' army was able to defend the city and then go on to liberate Moscow from its Polish-Lithuanian occupiers. At the end of the 18th century, the oldest known text of <a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Igor%27s_Campaign" title="The Tale of Igor's Campaign">the Tale of Igor's Campaign</a>, the most renowned work of Russian-language literature from the Middle Ages, was found in the library of the SPaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery. This work is now on display as a permanent exhibition within the monastery, along with other works of the age and an exhibition showing the conditions an author of the era would have lived in. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arsenal_Tower_of_Yaroslavl_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Arsenal_Tower_of_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/250px-Arsenal_Tower_of_Yaroslavl_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Arsenal_Tower_of_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/330px-Arsenal_Tower_of_Yaroslavl_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Arsenal_Tower_of_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/500px-Arsenal_Tower_of_Yaroslavl_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="3209" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Volzhskaya_tower" title="Volzhskaya tower">Volzhskaya tower</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The often hectic square which is to be found just beyond the north gate of the monastery (main gate), is called Bogolavyenskaya Square (Epiphany Square) (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Богоявленская площадь</span></span>). This name comes from the nearby <i>Epiphany Church</i> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Богоявленская церковь</span></span>) which is seated at the south end of the square, near the bank of the Kotorosl. This church, with its five domes, and traditional Russian sacral architecture, is a classic example of a medieval Russian church. However, the church has a separate clock tower which was built in accordance with the sacral-architectural style of Muscovy in the years 1684–1693; this all goes to make the church one of the most noticeable examples of 17th-century architecture in the city. In addition to this, the fresco-work inside the church was carried out by local artists during the building of the church and has remained, almost unchanged, to this day. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_the_Epiphany_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Church_of_the_Epiphany_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg/250px-Church_of_the_Epiphany_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Church_of_the_Epiphany_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg/330px-Church_of_the_Epiphany_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Church_of_the_Epiphany_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg/500px-Church_of_the_Epiphany_in_Yaroslavl_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>Epiphany Church</figcaption></figure> <p>The two streets which lead off Bogolavyenskaya Square to the northwest are very good examples of the type of urban planning which was formulated for Yaroslavl in the 18th and 19th centuries. They were laid out in 1820–1821 as new boulevards to run around the historic city center and were built on terrain previously occupied by a number of earthen and wooden fortifications which dated from the 16th century. There was also a small defensive moat in this area, and after the infilling of the moat and removal of all other fortifications, the defensive uses of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky monastery largely disappeared. This was, in general, not considered to be a great loss, as the requirement for such earthworks in order to maintain defensive readiness had long since been surpassed by other methods of securing a city by the point of their removal. The two municipal watchtowers which have been retained (the Vassily tower and <a href="/wiki/Volzhskaya_tower" title="Volzhskaya tower">Volzhskaya tower</a>) were both positioned on the city's outer defensive walls which afforded them clear views of oncoming enemy forces. </p><p>Within the old defensive limits of the city, one can find many other examples of <a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">classicism</a>, one important example of which would be the municipal trade rows 'Gostiny Dvor' (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Гостиный двор</span></span>) – these were built in 1813–1818, not long after the clearing of the land upon which they now stand. The style of the building, made noticeable by its many <a href="/wiki/Ionic_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionic column">Ionic columns</a>, is similar to that of many Russian trade rows and market halls built in the early to mid-19th century, all over the country. This style is also very complementary to the 1911-built neoclassical Volkov Theater. At the end of Komsomolskaya Boulevard, upon which the trade rows are located, one finds themselves at 'Volkov Square' (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">площадь Волкова</span></span>); where the ring-boulevard makes a slight deviation to the north-eat and carries on towards 'Red Square' (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Красная площадь</span></span>) and the city's Volga embankment. Yaroslavl's Red Square does not have the same etymology as the likewise-named <a href="/wiki/Red_Square" title="Red Square">Red Square in Moscow</a> (the name of which stems from the old-Russian for 'beautiful square'), rather in Yaroslavl's case, its Red Square was first so-called in the 1920s, and was officially named in honor of the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Guards</a>. There are a number of buildings of historical interest on Red Square, one of which is the three-story building on the square's north side which once housed Yaroslavl's 'aristocrat's meeting house' (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Дворянское собрание</span></span>), and is now the main building for the city's <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_State_University" title="Yaroslavl State University">'Demidov' State University</a>. Furthermore, the square is also the location where the city's main fire department can be found; this is contained within a <a href="/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">jugendstil</a> building, built in 1911, and which has a large look-out tower, which even until the 1970s was actively used by the city's fire brigade. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakhimsona_Street_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Nakhimsona_Street_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/250px-Nakhimsona_Street_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Nakhimsona_Street_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/330px-Nakhimsona_Street_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Nakhimsona_Street_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/500px-Nakhimsona_Street_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2451" /></a><figcaption>Nakhimsona Street</figcaption></figure> <p>To the east of the boulevard, within the borders of the former defensive earthworks, the architecturally-rich 'nucleus' of the old city is to be found; an area crisscrossed by many narrow, small streets, in the middle of which one of Yaroslavl's most well-recognized architectural monuments is to be found. This is the Church of Elijah the Prophet (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Церковь Илии Пророка</span></span>), which, in the same way as the Epiphany Church, is a very prominent example of the way in which the city developed in the 17th century. Before the completion of the church which currently stands in 1650, a number of other predecessor churches stood on this spot. From these, the oldest dates back to the foundation of Yaroslavl and the reign of <a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_the_Wise" title="Yaroslav the Wise">Yaroslav the Wise</a>. The church, with its five onion domes, is a cross and dome-style church, the architecture of which is typical of Muscovite designs, is particularly well known for its interior fresco paintings, which, despite a history which has seen great fires and disasters, have been kept in good condition. The frescos on the walls and ceilings were painted by around fifteen experienced artists from Yaroslavl and <a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a> around the year 1680. The fresco-work is festooned with many references to the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>. The square, upon which the church, with its clock tower and neighboring chapel, is situated, was in the early 19th century, according to the city's urban plan, to be the central square of Yaroslavl and the place upon which markets and national holidays would take place. Nowadays it is an area largely reserved for official events, with the other buildings surrounding the square all belonging to the municipal administration. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lutheran_Kirche_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_evening.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lutheran_Kirche_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_evening.jpg/220px-Lutheran_Kirche_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_evening.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lutheran_Kirche_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_evening.jpg/330px-Lutheran_Kirche_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_evening.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lutheran_Kirche_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_evening.jpg/440px-Lutheran_Kirche_in_Yaroslavl_in_the_evening.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_of_Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_(Yaroslavl)" title="Lutheran Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul (Yaroslavl)">The Lutheran Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In general, the streets of the city center are characterized by a noticeable mix of classical and sacral architecture. There are a number of major public and commercial buildings of architectural merit in the center of the city, among which are the 1785 'Governmental offices' building' (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Здание присутственных мест</span></span>) and the Vakromeyev House, which today houses the Yaroslavl Seminary for young priests. The Volga embankment is a good example of urban planning in the classicist style; built in the 1840s, this promenade walk has remained a favorite place for residents to take a stroll and relax ever since. </p><p>The southern part of the city center, around the area where the Kotorosl and Volga intersect, is an area abundant in green park-like spaces. Until the 17th century this area was occupied by the wooden Yaroslavl Kremlin and is thus referred to nowadays as 'Wooden Town' (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Рубленый город</span></span>). The Kremlin burnt down in 1658 and was never rebuilt. Close by the 1642 Church of Maria (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Успенский собор</span></span>) stood until its demolition in 1937, however, since 2004 the church was under reconstruction and was finally opened on 12 September 2010 by <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Moscow_and_all_Rus%27" title="Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'">Patriarch of Moscow</a> <a href="/wiki/Kirill_I_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirill I of Moscow">Kirill</a>. </p><p>Yaroslavl is the site of the Volkov Theater (built 1750), the oldest <a href="/wiki/Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater">theater</a> in Russia, and the <a href="/wiki/Demidovsky_Pillar,_Yaroslavl" title="Demidovsky Pillar, Yaroslavl">Demidovsky Pillar</a>. </p><p>The city has many <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox">Russian Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a>, one Russian <a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a> church, one Baptist church, one <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_of_Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_(Yaroslavl)" title="Lutheran Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul (Yaroslavl)">church</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Apostolic">Armenian Apostolic</a> church, one <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater_and_cinema">Theater and cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Theater and cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volkov_Drama_Theater_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Volkov_Drama_Theater_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/220px-Volkov_Drama_Theater_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Volkov_Drama_Theater_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/330px-Volkov_Drama_Theater_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Volkov_Drama_Theater_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg/440px-Volkov_Drama_Theater_in_Yaroslavl_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2451" /></a><figcaption>Yaroslavl's renowned Volkov Theater</figcaption></figure> <p>Yaroslavl has three <a href="/wiki/Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater">theaters</a>, the most famous of which is the 'Volkov Theater',<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an institution which since 1911 has been housed in a large neoclassical building in the city's old town. Named after its founder, <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Volkov" title="Fyodor Volkov">Fyodor Volkov</a>, the theater was first opened to the public in 1750, this making it Russia's first (by official figures) theatre. The Volkov Theater still has a reputation for being one of Russia's most pioneering dramatic institutes and is considered, among the Russian acting community, to be one of the most prestigious playhouses in which to perform. Even though Volkov's original theater troop only performed in Yaroslavl for a few months before then moving to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> (there was no regular theater company in Yaroslavl again until the beginning of the 19th century), the town is still recognised as the spiritual home of the Russian theater and dramatics. Nowadays the Volkov Theater has two stages and a combined amount of around 1000 seats for spectators. </p><p>Apart from the Volkov Theater, there are a number of other theatres in Yaroslavl, including the State Puppet Theater<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (founded in 1927), a children's and youth theater (Yaroslavl State Theater for Young Spectators,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> founded 1984), and the Yaroslavl Chamber Theater<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (founded 1999). In addition to these theaters, the city also has a <a href="/wiki/Philharmonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Philharmonic">philharmonic</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (founded 1937) and a permanent <a href="/wiki/Circus" title="Circus">circus</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (founded 1963). </p><p>There are around ten <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">movie theaters</a> in the city, the oldest of which 'Rodina' was built during the Soviet era in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This particular theatre, despite maintaining its Soviet-era exterior, has been comprehensively modernised and is now even able to show <a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D films</a>. The city also has a number of large, modern multiplex cinemas, including those of the Russian cinema chains <i>Cinema-Star</i> and <i>Kinomax</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leninskiy_rayon,_Yaroslavl%27,_Yaroslavskaya_oblast%27,_Russia_-_panoramio_(127).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Leninskiy_rayon%2C_Yaroslavl%27%2C_Yaroslavskaya_oblast%27%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%28127%29.jpg/220px-Leninskiy_rayon%2C_Yaroslavl%27%2C_Yaroslavskaya_oblast%27%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%28127%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Leninskiy_rayon%2C_Yaroslavl%27%2C_Yaroslavskaya_oblast%27%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%28127%29.jpg/330px-Leninskiy_rayon%2C_Yaroslavl%27%2C_Yaroslavskaya_oblast%27%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%28127%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Leninskiy_rayon%2C_Yaroslavl%27%2C_Yaroslavskaya_oblast%27%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%28127%29.jpg/440px-Leninskiy_rayon%2C_Yaroslavl%27%2C_Yaroslavskaya_oblast%27%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%28127%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2512" data-file-height="1854" /></a><figcaption>Yaroslavl Planetarium</figcaption></figure> <p>Uncommon for a provincial Russian city, Yaroslavl has a large municipal <a href="/wiki/Planetarium" title="Planetarium">Planetarium</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was founded in 1948 and was situated, for a long time, in an old church. However, in April 2011, after two years of construction, the city's new 'Valentina Tereshkova' planetarium (named after <a href="/wiki/Valentina_Tereshkova" title="Valentina Tereshkova">the first female cosmonaut</a>) was opened to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_Policy_Forum">Global Policy Forum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Global Policy Forum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Global_Policy_Forum" title="Yaroslavl Global Policy Forum">Yaroslavl Global Policy Forum</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gul_and_Medvedev_1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gul_and_Medvedev_1.jpeg/220px-Gul_and_Medvedev_1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gul_and_Medvedev_1.jpeg/330px-Gul_and_Medvedev_1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gul_and_Medvedev_1.jpeg/440px-Gul_and_Medvedev_1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>President Dmitry Medvedev converses with Turkish president Abdullah Gül at the 2011 Yaroslavl Global Policy Forum</figcaption></figure> <p>In recent years Yaroslavl has become well known for the high-level political discourse it has hosted under the auspices of the Yaroslavl Global Policy Forum. This event, organised by the Russian government, and with the backing of President <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a>, has been running since 2009 and represents one of the highest level political-diplomatic forums in the world today. It is the largest political science event organised in Russia and is held on an annual basis, with a number of foreign officials appearing as participants each year. For example, in the past, French and Italian prime ministers <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> have been guests, as well as Spanish prime minister <a href="/wiki/Jose_Luis_Rodriguez_Zapatero" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero">Jose Zapatero</a>. </p><p>In 2011 Turkish president <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a> was received as a guest participant by the Russian authorities. </p><p>Yaroslavl was chosen to host the event due to its thousand-year history of being a meeting point for people of all cultures, a significant trading post, and its former status as Russia's second-largest city, within which a great number of foreign embassies were situated. The award of this forum to the city coincided with the city's millennium celebrations and thus it is commonly viewed by residents to have been a gift from the Russian president to the city which has helped raise the city's global profile. </p><p>In 2011, this event became headline news in a number of countries due to the unfortunate events which led to the deaths of around forty people (players, support staff, and aircrew) from Yaroslavl's <a href="/wiki/Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl" title="Lokomotiv Yaroslavl">'Lokomotiv' ice hockey team</a>. President Medvedev was, at the time of the crash, attending the conference at Lokomotiv's home stadium 'Arena 2000', and specially postponed a number of important meetings to make sure he could travel to the crash site and meet with crash victims' relatives. Later Russian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> also arrived in the city to pay his condolences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yaroslavl has a large number of educational establishments which enclose all three levels of the Russian educational system: primary (ca. 20 establishments), middle (ca. 20 colleges and other secondary schools), and higher (8 state and 2 non-state funded higher educational institutions). In Yaroslavl, one can study for both masters' and bachelors' level courses. </p><p>Yaroslavl is currently home to the following state higher educational institutions: <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_State_University" title="Yaroslavl State University">Yaroslavl 'Demidov' State University</a>, Yaroslavl State Technical University, Ushinskiy Pedagogical University, <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_State_Medical_Academy" title="Yaroslavl State Medical Academy">Yaroslavl State Medical Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_State_Agricultural_Academy" title="Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy">Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy</a>, Yaroslavl State Institute for Theatrical Studies, Military School of Finance and Economics, and the Yaroslavl Higher School for Anti-Aircraft and Missile Defence. Amongst the non-state funded institutions for further education in the city is the International Academy for Business and New Technologies (MUBiNT), and also a number of branches from Moscow-based universities.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to these establishments, there is also the Yaroslavl Seminary, a large establishment for the training of new Russian Orthodox priests. </p><p>By the end of 2008 Yaroslavl had around 187 pre-school teaching and care groups registered within the city, within these there were around 22,700 places that were oversubscribed and thus filled by around 26,000 pre-school aged children. The number of registered children was around 78.7%, or around 0.4% more than in 2007. At the beginning of the 2008–9 academic year, the city had around 100 daytime general educational groups for children within which around 48,100 infants were registered. This figure was around 200 people less than in the previous year. According to the situation in 2010 around 16,000 people are to be found working in Yaroslavl's educational sector.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yaroslavl is situated at the crossing point of a number of major <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roads in Russia">automotive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Russia" title="Rail transport in Russia">rail</a>, and riverboat routes. The <a href="/wiki/M8_highway_(Russia)" title="M8 highway (Russia)">M8</a> (Moscow–Yaroslavl–<a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a>–<a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a>) links the city to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> and also onwards to the north in the direction of Arkhangelsk. One major railway bridge and two automotive bridges (Oktyabrsky and Yubileyny Bridge) traverse the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kotorosl_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotorosl River">Kotorosl River</a> is crossed by as many as four bridges for automobiles and one for railway traffic (built in 1896). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Automotive_transport">Automotive transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Automotive transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the last few years, the authorities of Yaroslavl have been acting on the initiative to build a bypass around the city. For this reason, the center of the city is now largely free of freight transporters and other larger vehicles transiting through the city. In August 2010, the first piece of this new bypass was opened, it included an interchange, which connects the Yubileyny Bridge with the Southwest Yaroslavl relief road.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is one railway <a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">bridge</a> across the Volga and two road bridges; the second road bridge across the Volga was ready for use in October 2006. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Railway_Station_Square_of_Yaroslavl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Railway_Station_Square_of_Yaroslavl.jpg/220px-Railway_Station_Square_of_Yaroslavl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Railway_Station_Square_of_Yaroslavl.jpg/330px-Railway_Station_Square_of_Yaroslavl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Railway_Station_Square_of_Yaroslavl.jpg/440px-Railway_Station_Square_of_Yaroslavl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2081" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_railway_station" title="Yaroslavl railway station">Yaroslavl Glavny</a>, the city's main station, is a major stop for numerous passenger trains traveling between Moscow and the other regions of Russia each day.</figcaption></figure> <p>Interurban and regional bus services depart from and arrive at the city's main bus terminal. The services run from this station serve a number of highly populated areas as well as other villages and smaller towns located within <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavl Oblast</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Pereslavl-Zalessky" title="Pereslavl-Zalessky">Pereslavl-Zalessky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rybinsk" title="Rybinsk">Rybinsk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uglich" title="Uglich">Uglich</a>. Larger cities served include Moscow, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cherepovets" title="Cherepovets">Cherepovets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yaroslavl is the major node of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Railway_(Russia)" title="Northern Railway (Russia)">Northern Railway</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Railways" title="Russian Railways">Russian Railways</a>). Northern Railway headquarters are located on the city's Volga Embankment. There are two major passenger railway stations: Yaroslavl-Glavny and Yaroslavl-Moskovsky serving many long-distance passenger trains. The city is connected to Moscow by a fast electric train service (sitting places only) named 'Express'.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearby areas are served by a network of suburban trains with electrified service to <a href="/wiki/Danilov,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Danilov, Yaroslavl Oblast">Danilov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rostov,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast">Rostov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandrov,_Vladimir_Oblast" title="Alexandrov, Vladimir Oblast">Alexandrov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nerekhta,_Kostroma_Oblast" title="Nerekhta, Kostroma Oblast">Nerekhta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a> and diesel service to <a href="/wiki/Rybinsk" title="Rybinsk">Rybinsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_transport">Air transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Air transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yaroslavl's main airport is <a href="/wiki/Tunoshna_Airport" title="Tunoshna Airport">Tunoshna International</a>. It was built as a World War 2 airbase. The airport caters to a variety of aircraft types. <a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a> based <a href="/wiki/Polet_Flight" title="Polet Flight">Polet Flight</a> provides several daily flights to Moscow's <a href="/wiki/Domodedovo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Domodedovo International Airport">Domodedovo International Airport</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are also two smaller airports: <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Levtsovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaroslavl Levtsovo">Levtsovo Air Base</a> and Karachikha air field. Levtsovo is primarily used for cargo-type aircraft and helicopters and rarely for passenger flights.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Yaroslavl Air Club, which is one of Russia's oldest air clubs and where <a href="/wiki/Valentina_Tereshkova" title="Valentina Tereshkova">Valentina Tereshkova</a> first began to attend flight training, is based at the Karachikha air field.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_transport">Water transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Water transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volga-terminal-yar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Volga-terminal-yar.jpg/220px-Volga-terminal-yar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Volga-terminal-yar.jpg/330px-Volga-terminal-yar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Volga-terminal-yar.jpg/440px-Volga-terminal-yar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Yaroslavl River Port (1985), an example of late Soviet modernism</figcaption></figure> <p>Yaroslavl River Port has an annual import average of around 3.5 million tonnes of freight a year. Climatic conditions allow the port to be used for six months of the year, from May to later October.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The river port caters not only for larger river <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a> which stop off in the city as part of their journey up/down the Volga, but also to a number of regular services which link Yaroslavl with Breytovo, Tolga, Konstantinovo, Bakarevo, and Novye Chentsy.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Public transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tram_71-605A_in_Yaroslavl_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tram_71-605A_in_Yaroslavl_03.jpg/220px-Tram_71-605A_in_Yaroslavl_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tram_71-605A_in_Yaroslavl_03.jpg/330px-Tram_71-605A_in_Yaroslavl_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tram_71-605A_in_Yaroslavl_03.jpg/440px-Tram_71-605A_in_Yaroslavl_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2451" /></a><figcaption>A modernised tram in service in Yaroslavl</figcaption></figure> <p>The city has a network of <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transportation</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">buses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolley-buses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> lines. Below there is a table showing how many people used different types of transport in a number of given years (millions of people):<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Municipal and private bus services </td> <td>65.4 </td> <td>64.9 </td> <td>74.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trams </td> <td>24.6 </td> <td>19.7 </td> <td>16.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trolleybuses </td> <td>43.5 </td> <td>35.7 </td> <td>30.4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Every day, over 600 different bus routes are run by a large consortium of both small and large buses and private shuttle buses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Yaroslavl tram system is one of the oldest in Russia and has been in existence since 1900. As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, this system is made up of four routes which run through various parts of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-tram_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tram-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in 2004 the number of routes run by trams throughout the city has been steadily reduced, and whilst in 2006 trams could be found in both the historic city center and the Krasnoperekopsky District, the routes serving these areas have now disappeared altogether. While at the beginning of the 21st century, the number of tramcars used by the Yaroslavl tram system stood at around 100, this has now fallen (by 2011) to just 43. </p><p>Since 1949, The city's urban transport network has also run a fleet of trolleybuses that runs nine different routes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lokomotiv_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Lokomotiv_2009.jpg/220px-Lokomotiv_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Lokomotiv_2009.jpg/330px-Lokomotiv_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Lokomotiv_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl" title="Lokomotiv Yaroslavl">Lokomotiv Yaroslavl</a> players on the ice in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/FC_Shinnik_Yaroslavl" title="FC Shinnik Yaroslavl">FC Shinnik Yaroslavl</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> club based in Yaroslavl. It plays in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_First_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian First Division">Russian First Division</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl" title="Lokomotiv Yaroslavl">Lokomotiv Yaroslavl</a> is the city's ice hockey team, which was the champion of Russia in 1996–1997, 2001–2002, and 2002–2003 seasons. On 7 September 2011, all players on the team were killed in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl_plane_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash">2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash</a>, when the plane in which they were travelling for their first match of the season crashed on takeoff from Yaroslavl airport.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As tribute to the team, the city co-hosted the <a href="/wiki/2012_Canada%E2%80%93Russia_Challenge" title="2012 Canada–Russia Challenge">2012 Canada–Russia Challenge</a> with <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Regional Municipality">Halifax, Nova Scotia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Yaroslavl" title="List of people from Yaroslavl">List of people from Yaroslavl</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Lyapunov" title="Aleksandr Lyapunov">Aleksandr Lyapunov</a>, mathematician and physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maksim_Tarasov" title="Maksim Tarasov">Maksim Tarasov</a>, Olympic pole vaulter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentina_Tereshkova" title="Valentina Tereshkova">Valentina Tereshkova</a>, first woman in space</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Khomutov" title="Andrei Khomutov">Andrei Khomutov</a>, hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Volkov" title="Fyodor Volkov">Fyodor Volkov</a>, founder of the first Russian theater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Nekrasov" title="Nikolay Nekrasov">Nikolay Nekrasov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kuzmin" title="Mikhail Kuzmin">Mikhail Kuzmin</a>, poets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Sobinov" title="Leonid Sobinov">Leonid Sobinov</a>, opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Ushinsky" title="Konstantin Ushinsky">Konstantin Ushinsky</a>, founder of Russian pedagogics</li> <li>Feraliminal Lycanthropizer, music group founded in 2009</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Grosheva" title="Elena Grosheva">Elena Grosheva</a>, Olympic gymnast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Grebeshkov" title="Denis Grebeshkov">Denis Grebeshkov</a>, hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyubov_Ivanovskaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyubov Ivanovskaya">Lyubov Ivanovskaya</a>, triathlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tarasenko" title="Vladimir Tarasenko">Vladimir Tarasenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/NHL" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL">NHL</a> hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemy_Troitsky" title="Artemy Troitsky">Artemy Troitsky</a>, rock critic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vasyunov" title="Alexander Vasyunov">Alexander Vasyunov</a>, hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artem_Anisimov" title="Artem Anisimov">Artem Anisimov</a>, <a href="/wiki/NHL" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL">NHL</a> hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Petrov_(animator)" title="Aleksandr Petrov (animator)">Aleksandr Petrov (animator)</a>, Oscar-winning animator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Sipiagin" title="Alex Sipiagin">Alex Sipiagin</a>, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Nepryaev" title="Ivan Nepryaev">Ivan Nepryaev</a>, hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Malova" title="Anna Malova">Anna Malova</a>, Miss Russia 1998 and model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Provorov" title="Ivan Provorov">Ivan Provorov</a>, <a href="/wiki/NHL" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL">NHL</a> hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Stark" title="Boris Stark">Boris Stark</a>, missionary and priest</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shibaev_(table_tennis)" title="Alexander Shibaev (table tennis)">Alexander Shibaev</a>, table tennis player</li> <li>Sofiya Kruglikova, Slovene based illustrator</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Russia" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia">List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia</a></div> <p>Yaroslavl is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burgas" title="Burgas">Burgas</a>, Bulgaria, until 2022</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a>, United States (suspended in 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubnica_nad_V%C3%A1hom" title="Dubnica nad Váhom">Dubnica nad Váhom</a>, Slovakia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>, United Kingdom, until 2022</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a>, Germany, until 2022</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a>, Finland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, Italy, until 2022</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a>, France</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatively <a href="/wiki/Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanized">romanized</a> as <b>Jaroslavlj</b> and <b>Yaroslavľ</b>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ref154-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref154_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref154_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref154_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref154_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref154_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref154_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref154_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #12-z</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903024745/http://www.city-yar.ru/home/city.html"><bdi lang="ru">История</bdi></a> (in Russian). Yaroslavl City Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-yar.ru/home/city.html">the original</a> on September 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=Yaroslavl+City+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city-yar.ru%2Fhome%2Fcity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ustav-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ustav_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ustav_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111123164005/http://www.city-yar.ru/data/Unsorted/ustav.doc"><bdi lang="ru">Устав города Ярославля</bdi></a> (in Russian). Yaroslavl City Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-yar.ru/data/Unsorted/ustav.doc">the original</a> on November 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F&rft.pub=Yaroslavl+City+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city-yar.ru%2Fdata%2FUnsorted%2Fustav.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231027031851/https://ruscrime.com/mayor-of-yaroslavl-elected/">"Mayor of Yaroslavl elected"</a>. <i>ruscrime.com</i>. November 7, 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ruscrime.com/mayor-of-yaroslavl-elected/">the original</a> on October 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ruscrime.com&rft.atitle=Mayor+of+Yaroslavl+elected&rft.date=2022-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruscrime.com%2Fmayor-of-yaroslavl-elected%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205232558/http://www.city-yar.ru/data/Unsorted/aspekty_9_mes.2009.doc">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-yar.ru/data/Unsorted/aspekty_9_mes.2009.doc">the original</a> on February 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city-yar.ru%2Fdata%2FUnsorted%2Faspekty_9_mes.2009.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010Census-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]</bdi> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2Fperepis_itogi1612.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar">"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года"</a>. Federal State Statistics Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=26.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2018+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fdoc_2018%2Fbul_dr%2Fmun_obr2018.rar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref269-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref269_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref269_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref269_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #65-z</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vremeni-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vremeni_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085">"Об исчислении времени"</a>. <i>Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации</i> (in Russian). June 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fdocbody%3D%26prevDoc%3D102483854%26backlink%3D1%26%26nd%3D102148085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PostCode-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PostCode_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061212001823/http://info.russianpost.ru/database/ops.html">"List of postal codes"</a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Russian_Post" title="Russian Post">Russian Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.russianpost.ru/database/ops.html">the original</a> on December 12, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+postal+codes&rft.pub=Russian+Post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.russianpost.ru%2Fdatabase%2Fops.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111123142255/http://mobile.beeline.ru/media/Abonents/Geography/For_guests/City%20codes%20%28rus%29.pdf"><bdi lang="ru">Коды областных центров</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Russian). Beeline. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobile.beeline.ru/media/Abonents/Geography/For_guests/City%20codes%20%28rus%29.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pub=Beeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.beeline.ru%2Fmedia%2FAbonents%2FGeography%2FFor_guests%2FCity%2520codes%2520%2528rus%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021Census-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn/2020/Tom1_Chislennost_i_razmeshchenie_naseleniya"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2020+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fvpn%2F2020%2FTom1_Chislennost_i_razmeshchenie_naseleniya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopCensus-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PopCensus_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFederal_State_Statistics_Service2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a> (May 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls"><bdi lang="ru">Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек</bdi></a> [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002]</bdi> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%E2%80%93+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+3+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&rft.date=2004-05-21&rft.au=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis2002.ru%2Fct%2Fdoc%2F1_TOM_01_04.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1989-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1989_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php"><bdi lang="ru">Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров</bdi></a> [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. <bdi lang="ru">Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989]</bdi> (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via <i>Demoscope Weekly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+1989+%D0%B3.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%91%D0%BB-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%3A+%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%5BInstitute+of+Demography+at+the+National+Research+University%3A+Higher+School+of+Economics%5D&rft.date=1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Frus89_reg.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Arne Т. J.</i> La Suede et l’Orient. — Uppsala, 1914. Pp. 37, 52—54, 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Евгений Арсюхин, Наталия Андрианова.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archeologia.narod.ru/rostov/jar/jar1.htm">Ярославль: Если твой князь — ордынский хан...</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927092322/http://archeologia.narod.ru/rostov/jar/jar1.htm">Archived</a> September 27, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> // archeologia.narod.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Дедюхина В. С.</i> Фибулы скандинавского типа // Труды Государственного исторического музея, 1967, вып. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Тихомиров И. А.</i> Кто насыпал ярославские курганы? — В кн.: Труды III Областного историко-археологического съезда. Владимир. 1909, с. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>И. В. Дубов.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russiancity.ru/fbooks/f3.htm">Спорные вопросы этнической истории северо-восточной Руси IX—XIII веков</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324223617/http://www.russiancity.ru/fbooks/f3.htm">Archived</a> March 24, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120728123638/http://slovari.yandex.ru/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B/">"Михайловские курганы в БСЭ"</a>. www.slovari.yandex.ru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slovari.yandex.ru/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B/">the original</a> on July 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD&rft.pub=www.slovari.yandex.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslovari.yandex.ru%2F%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5%2F%25D0%2591%25D0%25A1%25D0%25AD%2F%25D0%259C%25D0%25B8%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5%2520%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&tbo=1&q=%22%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80+%D1%87%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%22%23hl=ru&tbo=1&tbs=bks:1&q=%22%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C+%E2%80%94+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%22&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=%22%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C+%E2%80%94+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%22&gs_rfai=&pbx=1&fp=245922bcbc725263#hl=ru&tbo=1&tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ярославль+—+самый+старый+русский+город+на+Волге%22&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=%22Ярославль+—+самый+старый+русский+город+на+Волге%22&gs_rfai=&pbx=1&fp=245922bcbc725263">Экономическая география СССР</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the 1990s the city of <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>'s date of foundation was adjusted to around five years earlier than the traditional date given for the foundation of Yaroslavl. In support of this re-dating, a number of foremost <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatar</a> history scholars have produced evidence, including Arabian coins dating from the tenth century, which are supposed to have been found in and around the current area where Kazan is now located. But the largest hoard of Arabian coinage ever found in Northern Europe was earlier found in Yaroslavl; it has recently been dated to before those of the city of Kazan. For this reason, neither claim can be fully substantiated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Z.Pastuchova, E.Ponomarëva: <i>Drevnerusskie goroda</i>. Rusič, Smolensk 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-8138-0470-6" title="Special:BookSources/5-8138-0470-6">5-8138-0470-6</a>, S. 268</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeisberger2019" class="citation web cs1">Weisberger, Mindy (September 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/family-massacre-mongol-army.html">"13th-Century Death Pit Reveals Murdered Family in the 'City Drowned in Blood'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Live Science (livescience.com)</i>. Future P.L.C<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Live+Science+%28livescience.com%29&rft.atitle=13th-Century+Death+Pit+Reveals+Murdered+Family+in+the+%27City+Drowned+in+Blood%27&rft.date=2019-09-10&rft.aulast=Weisberger&rft.aufirst=Mindy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2Ffamily-massacre-mongol-army.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKiona_N._Smith2019" class="citation web cs1">Kiona N. Smith (September 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/09/archaeologists-unearth-mass-graves-from-mongol-invasion-of-russia">"Archaeologists unearth mass graves from Mongol invasion of Russia"</a>. Ars Technica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archaeologists+unearth+mass+graves+from+Mongol+invasion+of+Russia&rft.pub=Ars+Technica&rft.date=2019-09-11&rft.au=Kiona+N.+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fscience%2F2019%2F09%2Farchaeologists-unearth-mass-graves-from-mongol-invasion-of-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.it-med.ru/library/ch/chuma.htm">it-med.ru: <i>Geschichte der Pestepidemien in Russland</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422010018/http://www.it-med.ru/library/ch/chuma.htm">Archived</a> April 22, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; überprüft am 8 May 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moi-jaroslavl.ru/index.php/letopis-jar/vek-16/16-jar-16.html">moi-jaroslavl.ru</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130917220015/http://www.moi-jaroslavl.ru/index.php/letopis-jar/vek-16/16-jar-16.html">Archived</a> September 17, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. moi-jaroslavl.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fedorčuk 2006, S. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trip-guide.ru/page_257.htm"><i>Goroda Rossii. Enciklopedija</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822154924/http://www.trip-guide.ru/page_257.htm">Archived</a> August 22, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Bolʹšaja Rossijskaja Enciklopedija, Moskau 1994/2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-7107-7399-9" title="Special:BookSources/5-7107-7399-9">5-7107-7399-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120110044656/http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/wokzal_yaroslavl.html">"Железнодорожный вокзал г. Ярославль"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/wokzal_yaroslavl.html">the original</a> on January 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B3.+%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nnov-airport.ru%2Frus%2Fwokzal_yaroslavl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mojgorod-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mojgorod_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mojgorod_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mojgorod.ru/jaroslav_obl/jaroslavlj/index.html">Jaroslawl auf "mojgorod.ru"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160525222653/http://www.mojgorod.ru/jaroslav_obl/jaroslavlj/index.html">Archived</a> May 25, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mojgorod.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antibr.ru/studies/ao_jarosl_k.html">Antibolschewistisches Russland: Aufstand von Jaroslawl</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184039/http://www.antibr.ru/studies/ao_jarosl_k.html">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; überprüft am 15 March 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fedorčuk 2006, S. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Maschke" title="Erich Maschke">Maschke, Erich</a> (Hrsg.): <i>Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des Zweiten Weltkrieges</i>. Verlag Ernst und Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/508">Bericht der 29. Sitzung des World Heritage Committee</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161026233444/https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/508">Archived</a> October 26, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Whc.unesco.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adm.yar.ru/1000Years/section.aspx?section_id=486">Official website of Yaroslavl: List of projects for the city's millennium</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110910091613/http://www.adm.yar.ru/1000Years/section.aspx?section_id=486">Archived</a> September 10, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/0,1518,396137,00.html">Spiegel.de, 19 January 2006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130075743/http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/0%2C1518%2C396137%2C00.html">Archived</a> January 30, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Spiegel.de (2006-01-19).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113162323/http://www.dpva.info/Guide/GuidePhysics/Climate/SNIP230199BuildingClimatology/SNIP230199BuildingClimatologyTable1/KhabarovskYaroslavl/">"Climate Table for Yaroslavl"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dpva.info/Guide/GuidePhysics/Climate/SNIP230199BuildingClimatology/SNIP230199BuildingClimatologyTable1/KhabarovskYaroslavl/">the original</a> on January 13, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Table+for+Yaroslavl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdpva.info%2FGuide%2FGuidePhysics%2FClimate%2FSNIP230199BuildingClimatology%2FSNIP230199BuildingClimatologyTable1%2FKhabarovskYaroslavl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gorodyaroslavl-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gorodyaroslavl_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gorodyaroslavl.ru/">gorodyaroslavl.ru</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161001234459/http://www.gorodyaroslavl.ru/">Archived</a> October 1, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. gorodyaroslavl.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meteoinfo.ru/climate/klimatgorod/1756-1246618396">"Russian Federal Meteorological Service"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+Federal+Meteorological+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeteoinfo.ru%2Fclimate%2Fklimatgorod%2F1756-1246618396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geraldika.ru/symbols/1187">geraldika.ru: Stadtwappen von Jaroslawl</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018223019/http://geraldika.ru/symbols/1187">Archived</a> October 18, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; überprüft am 5 March 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geraldika.ru/symbols/1188">geraldika.ru: Stadtflagge von Jaroslawl</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306200240/http://geraldika.ru/symbols/1188">Archived</a> March 6, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; überprüft am 5 March 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/census.php">"(USSR) Urban population of the union republics, and their territorial units"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%28USSR%29+Urban+population+of+the+union+republics%2C+and+their+territorial+units&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.demoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Fcensus.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203125040/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls">"Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года. Том. 1, таблица 4. Численность населения России, федеральных округов, субъектов Российской Федерации, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов - райцентров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls">the original</a> on February 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2002+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC.+1%2C+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+4.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+-+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+3+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis2002.ru%2Fct%2Fdoc%2F1_TOM_01_04.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222093629/http://krasstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/krasstat/resources/20d7bd804eba60379580f5263284271d/1.10.xlsx">"Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Итоги по Красноярскому краю. 1.10 Численность населения гор.округов, мун.районов, гор. и сел. поселе"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://krasstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/krasstat/resources/20d7bd804eba60379580f5263284271d/1.10.xlsx">the original</a> on December 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8E.+1.10+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80.%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD.%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80.+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB.+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkrasstat.gks.ru%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2Frosstat_ts%2Fkrasstat%2Fresources%2F20d7bd804eba60379580f5263284271d%2F1.10.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220901194902/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx">"Таблица 5. Численность населения России, федеральных округов, субъектов Российской Федерации, городских округов, муниципальных районов, муниципальных округов, городских и сельских поселений, городских населенных пунктов, сельских населенных пунктов с населением 3000 человек и более - Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2021 года"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx">the original</a> on September 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+5.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+3000+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5+-+%D0%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2021+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2Ftab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-yar.ru/home/government/city_administration.html">Official Website of the city administration: Structure of the Mayorality</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151004013337/http://www.city-yar.ru/home/government/city_administration.html">Archived</a> October 4, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. City-yar.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/927806.html">regnum.ru, 5 December 2007</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061820/http://www.regnum.ru/news/927806.html">Archived</a> March 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Regnum.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/04/world/europe/russian-mayor-an-opposition-figure-is-arresed.html?ref=russia&_r=1&">https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/04/world/europe/russian-mayor-an-opposition-figure-is-arresed.html?ref=russia&_r=1&</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayor-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mayor_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/news/2013/07/15/n_3042453.shtml">"Мэрия Ярославля: обязанности мэра исполняет Нечаев"</a>. Gazeta.ru. Gazeta.ru. July 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%3A+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.date=2013-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazeta.ru%2Fpolitics%2Fnews%2F2013%2F07%2F15%2Fn_3042453.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-yar.ru/home/government/municipality.html">Official Website of the city administration: Municipal Council</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017025052/http://www.city-yar.ru/home/government/municipality.html">Archived</a> October 17, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. City-yar.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-yar.ru/home/government/municipality/delegates.html">Official Website of the city administration, Standing commissions of the Municipal Council</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150629205243/http://www.city-yar.ru/home/government/municipality/delegates.html">Archived</a> June 29, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. City-yar.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rg.ru/2005/08/31/cennosti.html">Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 31 August 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308050453/http://www.rg.ru/2005/08/31/cennosti.html">Archived</a> March 8, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Rg.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Museumsreservat-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Museumsreservat_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yarmp.yar.ru/">Offizielle Website des Jaroslawler Museumsreservates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161023191533/http://www.yarmp.yar.ru/">Archived</a> October 23, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Yarmp.yar.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volkovteatr.ru/">Offizielle Website des Wolkow-Theaters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161104051916/http://www.volkovteatr.ru/">Archived</a> November 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Volkovteatr.ru (2012-04-26).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yatk.yaroslavl.ru/">Official Website of the Puppet Theater</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161017150743/http://www.yatk.yaroslavl.ru/">Archived</a> October 17, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Yatk.yaroslavl.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yatuz.ru/">Official Website of the Youth Spectators' Theater of Yaroslavl</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161004102734/http://yatuz.ru/">Archived</a> October 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Yatuz.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yar-kamerniy.ru/">Official Website of the Chamber Theater</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302144942/http://yar-kamerniy.ru/">Archived</a> March 2, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Yar-kamerniy.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yar-filarmoniya.ru/">Official Website of the Philharmonic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161101032422/http://www.yar-filarmoniya.ru/">Archived</a> November 1, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Yar-filarmoniya.ru (2012-10-02).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.circuses.su/yaroslavl/">Article about the Yaroslavl State Circus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402175820/http://www.circuses.su/yaroslavl/">Archived</a> April 2, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Circuses.su.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rodina-kino.ru/">Official Website of the 'Rodina' Cinema</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006165230/http://www.rodina-kino.ru/">Archived</a> October 6, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Rodina-kino.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060720174122/http://www.yarcosmos.ru/">Website of the Planetarium</a>. Yarcosmos.ru (2012-03-27).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=443201&cid=17">Vesti.ru, 8 April 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160913060305/http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=443201&cid=17">Archived</a> September 13, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Vesti.ru.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-yar.ru/home/society/education/higher_education.html">Официальный сайт города Ярославля — Образование — Высшее профессиональное</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017025052/http://www.city-yar.ru/home/society/education/higher_education.html">Archived</a> October 17, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> // city-yar.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-yar.ru/home/society/education.html">Официальный сайт города Ярославля — Образование</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017025052/http://www.city-yar.ru/home/society/education.html">Archived</a> October 17, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> // city-yar.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221126/http://gtk.yar.ru/news/13763.ns">В Ярославле открыто движение по новой развязке Юбилейного моста</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yarbust.ru/">Ярославский автовокзал</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161024043736/http://www.yarbust.ru/">Archived</a> October 24, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> // yarbust.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tutu.ru/station.php?nnst=74907">Расписание электричек: Ярославль-Главный</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040619/http://tutu.ru/station.php?nnst=74907">Archived</a> March 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> // tutu.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviaport.ru/directory/airports/236/">Аэропорт: Ярославль (Левцово)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194922/http://www.aviaport.ru/directory/airports/236/">Archived</a> March 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> // aviaport.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yarcom.ru/ajeroport-levcovo">Аэропорт Левцово</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160104230117/http://www.yarcom.ru/ajeroport-levcovo">Archived</a> January 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> // yarcom.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yarnebo.ru/?page_id=63">История ярославского аэроклуба</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422000654/http://www.yarnebo.ru/?page_id=63">Archived</a> April 22, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> // yarnebo.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riverport.yaroslavl.ru/">ОАО «Ярославский речной порт»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530092905/http://www.riverport.yaroslavl.ru/">Archived</a> May 30, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> // riverport.yaroslavl.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yarcom.ru/raspisanie-transporta/raspisanie-rechnogo-transporta">Расписание транспорта по области › Расписание речного транспорта</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160401121055/http://www.yarcom.ru/raspisanie-transporta/raspisanie-rechnogo-transporta">Archived</a> April 1, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> // yarcom.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tram-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tram_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tram.yar.ru/routes.php">Ярославские трамваи — Маршруты</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130830063441/http://tram.yar.ru/routes.php">Archived</a> August 30, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> // tram.yar.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/go/rss/int/news/-/news/world-europe-14822582">"BBC News – Russia's Lokomotiv ice hockey team in air disaster"</a>. Bbc.co.uk. September 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+News+%E2%80%93+Russia%27s+Lokomotiv+ice+hockey+team+in+air+disaster&rft.pub=Bbc.co.uk&rft.date=2011-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fgo%2Frss%2Fint%2Fnews%2F-%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-14822582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://city-yaroslavl.ru/city/about/mezhdunarodnoe-munitsipalnoe-sotrudnichestvo/zarubezhnye-goroda-pobratimy-i-partnery-yaroslavlya/">"Зарубежные города – побратимы и партнеры Ярославля"</a>. <i>city-yaroslavl.ru</i> (in Russian). Yaroslavl<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=city-yaroslavl.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcity-yaroslavl.ru%2Fcity%2Fabout%2Fmezhdunarodnoe-munitsipalnoe-sotrudnichestvo%2Fzarubezhnye-goroda-pobratimy-i-partnery-yaroslavlya%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChristina_Guessferd2022" class="citation web cs1">Christina Guessferd (March 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wcax.com/2022/03/04/supporters-dismayed-by-suspension-russia-sister-city-program/">"Supporters dismayed by suspension of Russia sister city program"</a>. WCAX<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Supporters+dismayed+by+suspension+of+Russia+sister+city+program&rft.pub=WCAX&rft.date=2022-03-05&rft.au=Christina+Guessferd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wcax.com%2F2022%2F03%2F04%2Fsupporters-dismayed-by-suspension-russia-sister-city-program%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Государственная Дума Ярославской области. Закон №12-з от 7 февраля 2002 г «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ярославской области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Закона №67-з от 21 декабря 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Ярославской области и признании утратившими силу отдельных законодательных актов (положений законодательных актов) Ярославской области». Вступил в силу через шесть месяцев со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Губернские вести", №11, 15 февраля 2002 г.</span></span> (State Duma of Yaroslavl Oblast. Law #12-z of February 7, 2002 <i>On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Yaroslavl Oblast and on the Procedures of Its Change</i>, as amended by the Law #67-z of December 21, 2012 <i>On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Yaroslavl Oblast and on Abrogation of Various Legislative Acts (Clauses of Legislative Acts) of Yaroslavl Oblast</i>. Effective as of the day six months from the day of the official publication.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Государственная Дума Ярославской области. Закон №65-з от 21 декабря 2004 г. «О наименованиях, границах и статусе муниципальных образований Ярославской области», в ред. Закона №59-з от 28 декабря 2011 г «Об изменении статуса рабочего посёлка Песочное Рыбинского района и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Ярославской области». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Губернские вести", №70, 23 декабря 2004 г.</span></span> (State Duma of Yaroslavl Oblast. Law #65-z of December 21, 2004 <i>On the Names, Borders, and Status of the Municipal Formations of Yaroslavl Oblast</i>, as amended by the Law #59-z of December 28, 2011 <i>On Changing the Status of the Work Settlement of Pesochnoye of Rybinsky District and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of Yaroslavl Oblast</i>. Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication.).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnnette_M._B._Meakin1906" class="citation book cs1">Annette M. B. Meakin (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028397929#page/n265/mode/2up">"Yaroslavl"</a>. <i>Russia, Travels and Studies</i>. London: Hurst and Blackett. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3664651">3664651</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24181315M">24181315M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yaroslavl&rft.btitle=Russia%2C+Travels+and+Studies&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hurst+and+Blackett&rft.date=1906&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3664651&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL24181315M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.au=Annette+M.+B.+Meakin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcu31924028397929%23page%2Fn265%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Yaroslavl (town)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Yaroslavl_(town)">"Yaroslavl" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 907.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yaroslavl&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=907&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaroslavl" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yaroslavl" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://city-yaroslavl.ru/">Official website of Yaroslavl</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yaroslavl.jsprav.ru/">Yaroslavl Business Directory </a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gorod.yarportal.ru">Virtual Panoramas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110223834/http://gorod.yarportal.ru/">Archived</a> January 10, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://360yaroslavl.ru">Panoramas of Yaroslavl</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cih.ru/pk/co.html">Contemporary architecture of Yaroslavl</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130222152453/http://photostranger.com/gallery/gallery_russia/yaroslavl/">Photos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volkovteatr.ru/">Volkov Theater</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026175501/http://www.endoscopy-yaroslavl.ru/en/yaroslavl-1000">Yarslavl – 1000 Glorious years</a> (in English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yaroslavl-online.com/">Yaroslavl-Online – An English Language site about Yaroslavl</a> (in English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/russia/yaroslavl">Current Time in Yaroslavl Russia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Oblast"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Yaroslavl_Oblast215" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Yaroslavl Oblast">Administrative divisions of Yaroslavl Oblast</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">Administrative center</a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yaroslavl</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="List of rural localities in Yaroslavl Oblast">Rural localities</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolsheselsky_District" title="Bolsheselsky District">Bolsheselsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borisoglebsky_District,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Borisoglebsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast">Borisoglebsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breytovsky_District" title="Breytovsky District">Breytovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilovsky_District,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Danilovsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast">Danilovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavrilov-Yamsky_District" title="Gavrilov-Yamsky District">Gavrilov-Yamsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyubimsky_District" title="Lyubimsky District">Lyubimsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myshkinsky_District" title="Myshkinsky District">Myshkinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekouzsky_District" title="Nekouzsky District">Nekouzsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekrasovsky_District" title="Nekrasovsky District">Nekrasovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pereslavsky_District" title="Pereslavsky District">Pereslavsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervomaysky_District,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Pervomaysky District, Yaroslavl Oblast">Pervomaysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poshekhonsky_District" title="Poshekhonsky District">Poshekhonsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostovsky_District" title="Rostovsky District">Rostovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rybinsky_District,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Rybinsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast">Rybinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutayevsky_District" title="Tutayevsky District">Tutayevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uglichsky_District" title="Uglichsky District">Uglichsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavsky_District,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Yaroslavsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danilov,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Danilov, Yaroslavl Oblast">Danilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavrilov-Yam" title="Gavrilov-Yam">Gavrilov-Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyubim" title="Lyubim">Lyubim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myshkin_(town)" title="Myshkin (town)">Myshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pereslavl-Zalessky" title="Pereslavl-Zalessky">Pereslavl-Zalessky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poshekhonye" title="Poshekhonye">Poshekhonye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov_Veliky" title="Rostov Veliky">Rostov Veliky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rybinsk" title="Rybinsk">Rybinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutayev" title="Tutayev">Tutayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uglich" title="Uglich">Uglich</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yaroslavl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Urban-type settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borisoglebsky,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Borisoglebsky, Yaroslavl Oblast">Borisoglebsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmakino" title="Burmakino">Burmakino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishnya" title="Ishnya">Ishnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinovsky,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Konstantinovsky, Yaroslavl Oblast">Konstantinovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasny_Profintern" title="Krasny Profintern">Krasny Profintern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnye_Tkachi" title="Krasnye Tkachi">Krasnye Tkachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesnaya_Polyana" title="Lesnaya Polyana">Lesnaya Polyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekrasovskoye" title="Nekrasovskoye">Nekrasovskoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrovskoye,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Petrovskoye, Yaroslavl Oblast">Petrovskoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prechistoye,_Pervomaysky_District,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Prechistoye, Pervomaysky District, Yaroslavl Oblast">Prechistoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porechye-Rybnoye" title="Porechye-Rybnoye">Porechye-Rybnoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semibratovo" title="Semibratovo">Semibratovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filisovo,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Filisovo, Yaroslavl Oblast">Filisovo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Ring_of_Russia66" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Ring" title="Template:Golden Ring"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Ring" title="Template talk:Golden Ring"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Ring" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Ring"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Ring_of_Russia66" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Ring_of_Russia" title="Golden Ring of Russia">Golden Ring of Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main route</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pereslavl-Zalessky" title="Pereslavl-Zalessky">Pereslavl-Zalessky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov_Veliky" title="Rostov Veliky">Rostov Veliky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergiyev_Posad" title="Sergiyev Posad">Sergiyev Posad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzdal" title="Suzdal">Suzdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yaroslavl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Additional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrov,_Vladimir_Oblast" title="Alexandrov, Vladimir Oblast">Alexandrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogolyubovo,_Vladimir_Oblast" title="Bogolyubovo, Vladimir Oblast">Bogolyubovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitrov" title="Dmitrov">Dmitrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorokhovets,_Vladimir_Oblast" title="Gorokhovets, Vladimir Oblast">Gorokhovets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus-Khrustalny_(town)" title="Gus-Khrustalny (town)">Gus-Khrustalny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyazin" title="Kalyazin">Kalyazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasimov" title="Kasimov">Kasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kideksha" title="Kideksha">Kideksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murom" title="Murom">Murom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myshkin_(town)" title="Myshkin (town)">Myshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palekh" title="Palekh">Palekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plyos,_Ivanovo_Oblast" title="Plyos, Ivanovo Oblast">Plyos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rybinsk" title="Rybinsk">Rybinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuya,_Ivanovo_Oblast" title="Shuya, Ivanovo Oblast">Shuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutayev" title="Tutayev">Tutayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uglich" title="Uglich">Uglich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuryev-Polsky_(town)" title="Yuryev-Polsky (town)">Yuryev-Polsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Route_of_Baltic_Pipeline_System_in_Russia346" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baltic_Pipeline_System" title="Template:Baltic Pipeline System"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baltic_Pipeline_System" title="Template talk:Baltic Pipeline System"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baltic_Pipeline_System" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baltic Pipeline System"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Route_of_Baltic_Pipeline_System_in_Russia346" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Route of <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Pipeline_System" title="Baltic Pipeline System">Baltic Pipeline System</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khariyaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khariyaga (page does not exist)">Khariyaga</a>–<a href="/wiki/Usinsk" title="Usinsk">Usinsk</a>–<a href="/wiki/Ukhta" title="Ukhta">Ukhta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Route</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khariyaga_oil-field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khariyaga oil-field (page does not exist)">Khariyaga oil-field</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khariyaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khariyaga (page does not exist)">Khariyaga</a><sup>E</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usa,_Komi_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usa, Komi Republic (page does not exist)">Usa</a><sup>P</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Usinsk" title="Usinsk">Usinsk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syinya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syinya (page does not exist)">Syinya</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pechora" title="Pechora">Pechora</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chikshino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chikshino (page does not exist)">Chikshino</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelenoborsk" title="Zelenoborsk">Zelenoborsk</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayezhnaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tayezhnaya (page does not exist)">Tayezhnaya</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukhta" title="Ukhta">Ukhta</a><sup>E С</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Trunk_Petrol_Pipeline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Trunk Petrol Pipeline (page does not exist)">PLC North Trunk Petrol Pipeline</a> is an affiliated undertaking of <a href="/wiki/Transneft" title="Transneft">Transneft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukhta" title="Ukhta">Ukhta</a>–<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yaroslavl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Route</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukhta" title="Ukhta">Ukhta</a><sup>E С</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindor" title="Sindor">Sindor</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikun" title="Mikun">Mikun</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdoma,_Lensky_District,_Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Urdoma, Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast">Urdoma</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privodino" title="Privodino">Privodino</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyuksenitsa" title="Nyuksenitsa">Nyuksenitsa</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogorelovo" title="Pogorelovo">Pogorelovo</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gryazovets" title="Gryazovets">Gryazovets</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yaroslavl</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavlnefteorgsintez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaroslavlnefteorgsintez (page does not exist)">Yaroslavlnefteorgsintez</a><sup>R</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palkino,_Myshkinsky_District,_Yaroslavl_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palkino, Myshkinsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast (page does not exist)">Palkino</a><sup>E С</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myshkin_(town)" title="Myshkin (town)">Myshkin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Trunk_Petrol_Pipeline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Trunk Petrol Pipeline (page does not exist)">PLC North Trunk Petrol Pipeline</a> is affiliated undertaking of <a href="/wiki/Transneft" title="Transneft">Transneft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yaroslavl</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kirishi" title="Kirishi">Kirishi</a>–<a href="/wiki/Primorsk,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast">Primorsk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Route</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yaroslavl</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavlnefteorgsintez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaroslavlnefteorgsintez (page does not exist)">Yaroslavlnefteorgsintez</a><sup>R</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palkino,_Myshkinsky_District,_Yaroslavl_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palkino, Myshkinsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast (page does not exist)">Palkino</a><sup>E</sup><sup>С</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myshkin_(town)" title="Myshkin (town)">Myshkin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravdino,_Krasnoselskoye_Settlement_Municipal_Formation,_Vyborgsky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Pravdino, Krasnoselskoye Settlement Municipal Formation, Vyborgsky District, Leningrad Oblast">Pravdino</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravdino,_Krasnoselskoye_Settlement_Municipal_Formation,_Vyborgsky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Pravdino, Krasnoselskoye Settlement Municipal Formation, Vyborgsky District, Leningrad Oblast">Pravdino</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bykovo,_Pestovsky_District,_Novgorod_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bykovo, Pestovsky District, Novgorod Oblast (page does not exist)">Bykovo</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pes_(rural_locality)" title="Pes (rural locality)">Pes</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirishi" title="Kirishi">Kirishi</a><sup>E С</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinef" title="Kinef">Kinef </a><sup>R</sup></li> <li>Nevskaya<sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sestroretskaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sestroretskaya (page does not exist)">Sestroretskaya</a><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primorsk,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast">Primorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primorsk_sea_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Primorsk sea port">Primorsk sea port</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druzhba_pipeline" title="Druzhba pipeline">PLC Druzhba Pipeline</a> is affiliated undertaking of <a href="/wiki/Transneft" title="Transneft">Transneft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>E</sup> Pipe-end oil-pumping station</li> <li><sup>P</sup> Oil-pumping station</li> <li><sup>С</sup> Сrude oil delivery and acceptance point</li> <li><sup>R</sup> Oil refinery plant</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_Russia148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of Russia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Rus'">Ancient Rus'</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staraya_Ladoga" title="Staraya Ladoga">Ladoga</a> (862–864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Novgorod</a> (864–882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> (882–1160s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a> (1160s–1320s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (1320s–1547)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (1547–1712)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> (1712–1721)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> (1721–1728; 1730–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (<i>de facto</i> 1728–1730)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrograd">Petrograd</a> (1917)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Russia">Soviet Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrograd">Petrograd</a> (1917–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (1918–1922)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (1922–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Kuybyshev</a> (1941–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (1943–1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (1991–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia_by_federal_district539" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia_by_federal_district539" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Russia">World Heritage Sites in Russia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Federal_districts_of_Russia" title="Federal districts of Russia">federal district</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Federal_District" title="Central Federal District">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolomenskoye" title="Kolomenskoye">Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">and</span> <a href="/wiki/Red_Square" title="Red Square">Red Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novodevichy_Convent" title="Novodevichy Convent">Novodevichy Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Lavra_of_St._Sergius" title="Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius">Trinity Sergius Lavra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Monuments_of_Vladimir_and_Suzdal" title="White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal">White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Historic Centre of Yaroslavl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_District" title="Far Eastern Federal District">Far Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Sikhote-Alin" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Sikhote-Alin">Central Sikhote-Alin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscapes_of_Dauria" title="Landscapes of Dauria">Landscapes of Dauria</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Pillars" title="Lena Pillars">Lena Pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanoes_of_Kamchatka" title="Volcanoes of Kamchatka">Volcanoes of Kamchatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrangel_Island" title="Wrangel Island">Wrangel Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasian_Federal_District" title="North Caucasian Federal District">North Caucasian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naryn-Kala" title="Naryn-Kala">Naryn-Kala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Federal_District" title="Northwestern Federal District">Northwestern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curonian_Spit" title="Curonian Spit">Curonian Spit</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferapontov_Monastery" title="Ferapontov Monastery">Ferapontov Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizhi_Pogost" title="Kizhi Pogost">Kizhi Pogost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyphs_of_Lake_Onega_and_the_White_Sea" title="Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea">Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Komi_Forests" title="Virgin Komi Forests">Virgin Komi Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Monuments_of_Novgorod_and_Surroundings" title="Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings">Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_the_Pskov_School_of_Architecture" title="Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture">Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Saint_Petersburg_and_Related_Groups_of_Monuments" title="Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments">Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Surroundings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peterhof_Palace" title="Peterhof Palace">Peterhof Palace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solovetsky_Islands" title="Solovetsky Islands">Solovetsky Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struve_Geodetic_Arc" title="Struve Geodetic Arc">Struve Geodetic Arc</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenozersky_National_Park" title="Kenozersky National Park">Kenozero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Federal_District" title="Siberian Federal District">Siberian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Mountains_of_Altai" title="Golden Mountains of Altai">Golden Mountains of Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putorana_Plateau" title="Putorana Plateau">Putorana Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvs_Nuur_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Uvs Nuur Basin">Uvs Nuur Basin</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Federal_District" title="Southern Federal District">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Caucasus" title="Western Caucasus">Western Caucasus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volga_Federal_District" title="Volga Federal District">Volga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sviyazhsk_Assumption_Monastery" title="Sviyazhsk Assumption Monastery">Assumption Cathedral and Monastery of Sviyazhsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolghar" title="Bolghar">Bolghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_Kremlin" title="Kazan Kremlin">Kazan Kremlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Observatory_of_Kazan_University" title="Astronomical Observatory of Kazan University">Astronomical Observatory of Kazan University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><sup>2</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><sup>3</sup> Shared with nine other countries</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123156052">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdh6cwTKHGCdGVJfvRR8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4028510-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80108747">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jaroslavl (Rusko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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