Explore the collection – The National Archives

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="tna-template tna-template--light-theme tna-template--yellow-accent no-js " lang="en-GB"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title> Explore the collection – The National Archives </title> <meta property="og:site_name" content="The National Archives"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Explore the collection"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Choose a topic or time period and start exploring some of our most important and unusual records."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://beta.nationalarchives.gov.uk//media/images/prize-papers-la-perla-letters_pCQ0.2e16d0ba.fill-500x500.jpg"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://beta.nationalarchives.gov.uk/explore-the-collection/"> <meta property="og:title" content="Explore the collection"> <meta property="og:description" content="Choose a topic or time period and start exploring some of our most important and unusual records."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://beta.nationalarchives.gov.uk//media/images/prize-papers-la-perla-letters_pCQ0.2e16d0ba.fill-500x500.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="500"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="500"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/css/dist/etna.2f0869eb8590.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/cookie-consent/ds-cookie-consent.133e9e9f3ea7.css"> <script id="gtmDatalayer" type="application/json">{"contentGroup1": "Explore the collection", "customDimension1": "offsite", "customDimension2": "", "customDimension3": "explorer index page", "customDimension4": "", "customDimension5": "", "customDimension6": "", "customDimension7": "", "customDimension8": "", "customDimension9": "", "customDimension10": "", "customDimension11": "", "customDimension12": "", "customDimension13": "", "customDimension14": "", "customDimension15": "", "customDimension16": "", "customDimension17": ""}</script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push(JSON.parse(document.getElementById('gtmDatalayer').textContent)); </script> <script>document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/g, '') + ' js ';</script> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.typekit.net"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/hkj3kuz.css"> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/static/images/favicon.9d4ee883c8b9.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/static/images/favicon.9d4ee883c8b9.png"> </head> <body class="tna-template__body "> <svg style="display: none;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <symbol id="list" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M4 22H0v-4h4v4zm0-12H0v4h4v-4zm0-8H0v4h4V2zm3 0v4h17V2H7zm0 12h17v-4H7v4zm0 8h17v-4H7v4z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="grid" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M11 11H0V0h11v11zm13 0H13V0h11v11zM11 24H0V13h11v11zm13 0H13V13h11v11z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="list-ul" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 11.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h9a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-9a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5zm0-4a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h9a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-9a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5zm0-4a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h9a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-9a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5zm-3 1a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2zm0 4a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2zm0 4a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="chevron-down" viewBox="0 0 448 512" fill="currentColor"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M207.029 381.476 12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="diagram-hierarchy" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6 3.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 7.5 2h1A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 10 3.5v1A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 8.5 6v1H14a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v1a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V8h-5v.5a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V8h-5v.5a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0v-1A.5.5 0 0 1 2 7h5.5V6A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 6 4.5v-1zM8.5 5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-1a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-1a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v1a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h1zM0 11.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5 10h1A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 4 11.5v1A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 2.5 14h-1A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0 12.5v-1zm1.5-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v1a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h1a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-1a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-1zm4.5.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 7.5 10h1a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5 1.5v1A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 8.5 14h-1A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 6 12.5v-1zm1.5-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v1a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h1a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-1a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-1zm4.5.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5-1.5h1a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5 1.5v1a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-1a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5-1.5v-1zm1.5-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v1a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h1a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-1a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-1z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="diagram-folder" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="x-mark" viewBox="0 0 320 512" fill="currentColor">  <path d="M310.6 361.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.75 0 45.25-6.2 6.25-14.4 9.35-22.6 9.35s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375L160 301.3 54.63 406.6C48.38 412.9 40.19 416 32 416s-16.37-3.1-22.625-9.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25l105.4-105.4L9.375 150.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L160 210.8l105.4-105.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-105.4 105.4L310.6 361.4z" /> </symbol> <symbol id="content-warning" viewBox="0 0 34 34" fill="currentColor"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M15.33 8.67h3.34V12h-3.34V8.67Zm0 6.66h3.34v10h-3.34v-10ZM17 .33a16.67 16.67 0 1 0 .01 33.35A16.67 16.67 0 0 0 17 .33Zm0 30A13.35 13.35 0 0 1 3.67 17C3.67 9.65 9.65 3.67 17 3.67S30.33 9.65 30.33 17 24.35 30.33 17 30.33Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="chevron-left" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M34.52 239.03L228.87 44.69c9.37-9.37 24.57-9.37 33.94 0l22.67 22.67c9.36 9.36 9.37 24.52.04 33.9L131.49 256l154.02 154.75c9.34 9.38 9.32 24.54-.04 33.9l-22.67 22.67c-9.37 9.37-24.57 9.37-33.94 0L34.52 272.97c-9.37-9.37-9.37-24.57 0-33.94z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="search" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"> </symbol> <symbol id="external-link" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="currentColor"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M16 16H2V2h7V0H2a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V9h-2v7ZM11 0v2h3.59l-9.83 9.83 1.41 1.41L16 3.41V7h2V0h-7Z" /> </symbol> </svg> <div id="ds-cookie-consent-banner" class="cookieConsent" role="region" aria-label="Cookie banner"> <div class="tna-container" role="region" aria-label="Cookies on The National Archives"> <div class="tna-column tna-column--full"> <div class="container"> <p class="cookie_head">This website uses cookies</p> <p class="cookie-p"> We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. <br><br> We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. <br><br> This information will help us make improvements to the website. </p> <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/legal/cookies/" id="btn_preferences" class="button">Set cookie preferences</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="#maincontent" class="tna-skip-link" data-link="Skip to main content">Skip to main content</a> <div class="login-status" role="region" aria-labelledby="authentication_link"> <a href="/accounts/login/" class="login-status__link" id="authentication_link">Sign in</a> </div> <header class="tna-global-header" data-module="tna-global-header"> <div class="tna-container tna-global-header__main"> <div class="tna-column tna-column--flex-1 tna-column--order-2"> <span class="tna-global-header__logo-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/" class="tna-global-header__logo" title="The National Archives"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" class="tna-logo" viewBox="0 0 160 160" width="96" height="96"> <title>The National Archives</title> <path fill="transparent" d="M0 0h160v160H0z" class="tna-logo__background" /> <g class="tna-logo__foreground" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M1.9 107.2h156.3V158H1.9v-50.8zm0-52.7h156.3v50.8H1.9V54.5zm0-52.6h77.2v50.8H1.9V1.9zm79 0h77.2v50.8H80.9V1.9zm0-1.9H0v160h160V0H80.9z" /> <path d="M21.3 19.5h-5.4v-3h14.3v3h-5.4v18.4h-3.5zM31.6 16.5H35v9h8.4v-9h3.4v21.4h-3.4v-9.3H35v9.3h-3.4zM50.9 16.5h12.2v3h-8.8v6.1h7.4v3h-7.4v6.3h8.8v3H50.9zM19.7 69.2h3.8l6.4 12.5c.6 1.1 1.1 2.7 1.6 4h.2c-.2-1.7-.3-3.6-.3-4.8V69.2h3.5v21.4h-3.7l-6.3-12.3c-.7-1.4-1.2-2.7-1.7-4.2H23c.2 1.4.3 3.3.3 5v11.5h-3.5c-.1 0-.1-21.4-.1-21.4zM47.8 82.6l-1.7-6.3c-.3-1.1-.6-2.2-.9-3.8H45c-.3 1.6-.5 2.6-.8 3.8l-1.7 6.3h5.3zM43 69.2h4.2l6.2 21.4h-3.5l-1.5-5.2h-6.6l-1.4 5.2h-3.6L43 69.2zM57.2 72.3h-5.4v-3.1H66v3.1h-5.4v18.4h-3.4zM67.8 69.2h3.5v21.4h-3.5zM87.5 80c0-5.3-1.7-8-4.8-8-3.2 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 8 0 5.2 1.6 7.9 4.8 7.9 3.2 0 4.8-2.7 4.8-7.9m-13.3 0c0-7 3-11.1 8.5-11.1 5.4 0 8.4 4.1 8.4 11.1 0 6.9-3 11-8.4 11s-8.5-4.1-8.5-11M94.3 69.2H98l6.4 12.5c.6 1.1 1.2 2.7 1.7 4h.2c-.2-1.7-.3-3.6-.3-4.8V69.2h3.4v21.4h-3.7l-6.3-12.3c-.7-1.4-1.2-2.7-1.7-4.2h-.2c.2 1.4.3 3.3.3 5v11.5h-3.5V69.2zM122.4 82.6l-1.7-6.3c-.3-1.1-.6-2.2-.9-3.8h-.2c-.3 1.6-.5 2.6-.8 3.8l-1.7 6.3h5.3zm-4.8-13.4h4.2l6.2 21.4h-3.5l-1.5-5.2h-6.6l-1.4 5.2h-3.6l6.2-21.4zM129.9 69.2h3.5v18.4h8.4v3.1h-11.9zM26.9 135.2l-1.7-6.3c-.3-1.1-.6-2.2-.9-3.8h-.2c-.3 1.6-.5 2.6-.8 3.8l-1.7 6.3h5.3zm-4.8-13.4h4.2l6.2 21.4H29l-1.5-5.2h-6.6l-1.4 5.2h-3.6l6.2-21.4zM39.9 132.5c2.5 0 3.4-1.6 3.4-3.9 0-2.2-1-3.8-3.4-3.8h-2.7v7.7h2.7zm-6.1-10.7h6.4c4.5 0 6.7 2.4 6.7 6.6 0 3.1-1.5 5.6-3.7 6.3v.2c1 1.1 4 7.5 4.8 7.9v.5h-3.8c-1-.6-3.6-7.2-4.4-7.8h-2.5v7.8h-3.5v-21.5zM52.9 132.5c0 5.3 1.9 8 4.8 8s4-2 4-5.2l3.5.1c0 .2.1.4.1.6 0 4.4-2.1 7.5-7.5 7.5-5.2 0-8.5-3.9-8.5-11.1 0-7.1 3.3-11 8.5-11 6.4 0 7.5 4.6 7.5 7.2 0 .3 0 .7-.1.9l-3.5.1c0-3.3-1.2-5.2-4-5.2-2.9.2-4.8 2.9-4.8 8.1M68 121.8h3.5v9.1h8.3v-9.1h3.5v21.5h-3.5v-9.4h-8.3v9.4H68zM87.9 121.8h3.5v21.4h-3.5zM94.2 121.8h3.6l3.2 12.3c.5 1.9.8 3.6 1.1 5.6h.2c.3-2 .6-3.7 1.1-5.6l3.2-12.3h3.6l-6.1 21.4H100l-5.8-21.4zM112.7 121.8H125v3.1h-8.8v6h7.4v3h-7.4v6.3h8.8v3.1h-12.3zM130.4 136c0 .2-.1.5-.1.8 0 1.9.8 3.7 3.4 3.7 2.1 0 3.3-1.2 3.3-2.9 0-1.6-.7-2.4-2.2-3l-3.4-1.3c-2.4-.9-4.2-2.4-4.2-5.7 0-3.5 2.3-6.1 6.6-6.1 5.5 0 6.4 3.6 6.4 5.9 0 .3 0 .7-.1 1.1l-3.4.1c0-.2.1-.5.1-.7 0-1.7-.6-3.2-3-3.2-2.1 0-3 1.2-3 2.8 0 1.7.9 2.5 2.2 2.9l3.5 1.3c2.6 1 4.3 2.6 4.3 5.8 0 3.6-2.4 6.1-7 6.1-5.9 0-6.8-3.9-6.8-6.5 0-.3 0-.6.1-1l3.3-.1z" /> </g> </svg> </a> </span> </div> <div class="tna-column tna-column--order-2 tna-global-header__navigation-button-wrapper"> <button class="tna-global-header__navigation-button" type="button" aria-controls="tna-header__navigation tna-header__top-navigation" hidden> Menu <span class="tna-global-header__hamburger"></span> </button> </div> <nav class="tna-column tna-column--full-small tna-column--full-tiny tna-column--order-3 tna-global-header__navigation-wrapper" id="tna-header__navigation" aria-label="Primary"> <ul class="tna-global-header__navigation"> <li class="tna-global-header__navigation-item"> <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/visit-us/" class="tna-global-header__navigation-item-link" tabindex="0">Visit</a> </li> <li class="tna-global-header__navigation-item"> <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/visit-us/whats-on/" class="tna-global-header__navigation-item-link" tabindex="0">What’s on</a> </li> <li class="tna-global-header__navigation-item"> <a href="/explore-the-collection/" class="tna-global-header__navigation-item-link" tabindex="0">Explore the collection</a> </li> <li class="tna-global-header__navigation-item"> <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/" class="tna-global-header__navigation-item-link" tabindex="0">Help using the archive</a> </li> <li class="tna-global-header__navigation-item"> <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/" class="tna-global-header__navigation-item-link" tabindex="0">Education</a> </li> <li class="tna-global-header__navigation-item"> <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/professional-guidance-and-services/" class="tna-global-header__navigation-item-link" tabindex="0">Professional guidance and services</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="tna-column tna-column--full tna-column--order-1 tna-column--order-4-small tna-column--order-4-tiny tna-global-header__top-navigation-wrapper" id="tna-header__top-navigation" aria-label="Secondary"> <ul class="tna-global-header__top-navigation"> <li class="tna-global-header__top-navigation-item"> <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/search/" class="tna-global-header__top-navigation-link" tabindex="0"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path d="M416 208c0 45.9-14.9 88.3-40 122.7L502.6 457.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3s-32.8 12.5-45.3 0L330.7 376c-34.4 25.2-76.8 40-122.7 40C93.1 416 0 322.9 0 208S93.1 0 208 0S416 93.1 416 208zM208 352a144 144 0 1 0 0-288 144 144 0 1 0 0 288z" /> </svg> Search </a> </li> <li class="tna-global-header__top-navigation-item"> <a href="https://shop.nationalarchives.gov.uk/" class="tna-global-header__top-navigation-link" tabindex="0"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"> <path d="M160 112c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64s64 28.7 64 64v48H160V112zm-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48 21.5-48 48V416c0 53 43 96 96 96H352c53 0 96-43 96-96V208c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H336V112C336 50.1 285.9 0 224 0S112 50.1 112 112v48zm24 48a24 24 0 1 1 0 48 24 24 0 1 1 0-48zm152 24a24 24 0 1 1 48 0 24 24 0 1 1 -48 0z" /> </svg> Shop </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </header> <div class="tna-breadcrumb-wrapper"> <div class="tna-container"> <div class="tna-column"> <nav class="tna-breadcrumbs" data-module="tna-breadcrumbs" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <ol class="tna-breadcrumbs__list"> <li class="tna-breadcrumbs__item"> <a href="/" class="tna-breadcrumbs__link" data-component-name="Breadcrumb" data-link-type="Breadcrumb link" data-link="Home"> Home </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <main id="maincontent"> <div class="generic-intro"> <div class="tna-container"> <div class="tna-column tna-column--full"> <h1 class="tna-heading-xl tna-!--margin-top-l"> Explore the collection </h1> <p data-block-key="11e5b">Discover the stories behind the records. Read articles about the incredible people whose lives can be traced in the archive, or go deep into new perspectives on historical events. Browse themed picture galleries ranging from world famous documents to hidden gems.</p><p data-block-key="419hb">What will you find in the collection?</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="analytics-explorer-index" data-container-name="explorer-index"> <div class="card-group--no-flex u-margin-m"> <div class="tna-section"> <nav class="tna-index-grid" aria-label=""> <ul class="tna-index-grid__items tna-container"> <li class="tna-index-grid__item-wrapper tna-column tna-column--width-1-2 tna-column--full-tiny"> <a href="/explore-the-collection/explore-by-topic/" class="tna-index-grid__item" title="Explore by topic" data-component-name="Navigation card: Explore the collection" data-link-type="Card image" data-card-position="0" data-card-title="Explore by topic"> <img src="/media/images/map-of-chertsey-abbey-teaser4.2e16d0ba.fill-540x350.jpg" class="tna-index-grid__item-image" width="540" height="350" alt="" /> <span class="tna-index-grid__item-content"> <span class="tna-index-grid__item-title">Explore by topic</span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="tna-index-grid__item-wrapper tna-column tna-column--width-1-2 tna-column--full-tiny"> <a href="/explore-the-collection/explore-by-time-period/" class="tna-index-grid__item" title="Explore by time period" data-component-name="Navigation card: Explore the collection" data-link-type="Card image" data-card-position="1" data-card-title="Explore by time period"> <img src="/media/images/helmets-are-in-teaser3.2e16d0ba.fill-540x350.jpg" class="tna-index-grid__item-image" width="540" height="350" alt="" /> <span class="tna-index-grid__item-content"> <span class="tna-index-grid__item-title">Explore by time period</span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <section class="tna-section tna-!--no-padding-top"> <div class="tna-container"> <div class="tna-column tna-column--full"> <div class="tna-background-tint tna-!--padding-top-s tna-!--padding-bottom-m"> <div class="tna-container"> <div class="tna-column tna-column--flex-1 tna-!--padding-top-s"> <form method="get" action="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/results/r"> <div class="tna-search-field etna-etc-search"> <div class="tna-form__group etna-etc-search"> <div class="tna-form__group-contents"> <h2 class="tna-form__heading tna-form__heading--l"> <label class="tna-form__label" for="search-catalogue"> Looking for particular records? Search our catalogue </label> </h2> <p id="search-catalogue-hint" class="tna-form__hint"> Our catalogue, Discovery, holds more than 37 million descriptions of records held by The National Archives and archives across the country. </p> </div> <div class="tna-search-field__fields"> <input type="search" id="search-catalogue" class="tna-search-field__input " name="_q" value="" spellcheck="false" aria-describedby="search-catalogue-hint"> <button type="submit" class="tna-button tna-search-field__button"> Search <i class="fa-solid fa-fw fa-arrow-right tna-!--hide-on-tiny" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> </div> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="tna-column tna-column--full-small tna-column--full-tiny tna-column--align-bottom tna-!--padding-top-s"> <div class="tna-button-group"> <a href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/advanced-search" class="tna-button tna-button--plain"> Advanced search </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="tna-container"> <div class="tna-column tna-column--full"> <h2 class="tna-heading-l">Stories from the collection</h2> <p>Dive in to the human stories our records reveal – from the curious and unexpected to the truly extraordinary.</p>   <div class="featured-article tna-!--margin-vertical-l"> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/thomas-cromwell/" class="featured-article__image-link" aria-labelledby="article-desc332" data-component-name="Featured Article: Thomas Cromwell" data-link-type="Image" data-label="New" tabindex="-1"> <picture> <source media="(max-width: 768px)" srcset="/media/images/thomas-cromwell-teaser-npg.2e16d0ba.fill-500x400-c100.jpg"/> <source media="(max-width: 991px)" srcset="/media/images/thomas-cromwell-teaser-npg.2e16d0ba.fill-500x500-c100.jpg"/> <source media="(max-width: 1200px)" srcset="/media/images/thomas-cromwell-teaser-npg.2e16d0ba.fill-1000x600-c100.jpg"/> <img width="1000" height="600" src="/media/images/thomas-cromwell-teaser-npg.2e16d0ba.fill-1000x600-c100.jpg" alt="" /> </picture> </a> <div class="featured-article__description"> <h2 class="tna-heading-l featured-article__heading"> <small>The story of</small> Thomas Cromwell <span aria-describedby="article-desc">NEW</span> </h2> <p id="article-desc332" class="aria-desc">Read about Thomas Cromwell</p> <p>Through intrigue and ambition Thomas Cromwell rose to become one of Henry VIII's key advisors. What can records at The National Archives tell us about his life?</p> <div class="tna-button-group"> <a class="tna-button tna-button--solid-hover" href="/explore-the-collection/stories/thomas-cromwell/" data-component-name="Featured Article: Thomas Cromwell" data-link-type="Button" data-link="Read" data-label="New">Read about Thomas Cromwell</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block-featuredarticles"> <div class="featured-articles"> <ul class="card-group--list-style-none"> <li class="tna-column tna-column--width-1-3 tna-column--width-1-2-medium tna-column--width-1-2-small tna-column--full-tiny tna-!--margin-bottom-l"> <div class="tna-card " data-module="tna-card"> <div class="tna-card__inner"> <hgroup class="tna-hgroup-s tna-card__heading"> <p class="tna-hgroup__supertitle tna-hgroup__supertitle--plain">The story of</p> <h3 class="tna-hgroup__title"> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/louis-wain/" class="tna-card__heading-link" data-card-type="card-group-secondary-nav" data-component-name="Featured card: Stories from the collection" data-link-type="Card text" data-card-title="Louis Wain" data-card-position="0" >Louis Wain</a> </h3> </hgroup> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/louis-wain/" class="tna-card__image-container" tabindex="-1" title="Louis Wain" data-card-type="card-group-secondary-nav" data-component-name="Featured card: Stories from the collection" data-link-type="Card image" data-card-title="Louis Wain" data-card-position="0" > <picture class="tna-card__image"> <img src="/media/images/louis-wain-draw-portrait.2e16d0ba.fill-800x450.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="450"> </picture> </a> <div class="tna-card__body"> <p>Artist and illustrator Louis Wain (1860–1939) achieved great fame for his whimsical drawings of cats, but his story is also a sad one of personal tragedy.</p> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tna-column tna-column--width-1-3 tna-column--width-1-2-medium tna-column--width-1-2-small tna-column--full-tiny tna-!--margin-bottom-l"> <div class="tna-card " data-module="tna-card"> <div class="tna-card__inner"> <hgroup class="tna-hgroup-s tna-card__heading"> <p class="tna-hgroup__supertitle tna-hgroup__supertitle--plain">The story of</p> <h3 class="tna-hgroup__title"> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/sir-ludwig-guttmann-and-the-birth-of-the-paralympic-games/" class="tna-card__heading-link" data-card-type="card-group-secondary-nav" data-component-name="Featured card: Stories from the collection" data-link-type="Card text" data-card-title="Sir Ludwig Guttmann and the birth of the Paralympic Games" data-card-position="1" >Sir Ludwig Guttmann and the birth of the Paralympic Games</a> </h3> </hgroup> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/sir-ludwig-guttmann-and-the-birth-of-the-paralympic-games/" class="tna-card__image-container" tabindex="-1" title="Sir Ludwig Guttmann and the birth of the Paralympic Games" data-card-type="card-group-secondary-nav" data-component-name="Featured card: Stories from the collection" data-link-type="Card image" data-card-title="Sir Ludwig Guttmann and the birth of the Paralympic Games" data-card-position="1" > <picture class="tna-card__image"> <img src="/media/images/ludwig-guttmann-exception-from-int.302827c5.fill-800x450.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="450"> </picture> </a> <div class="tna-card__body"> <p>In the summer of 1948, neurologist Ludwig Guttmann set up a sporting competition between patients. It was the birth of the Paralympic Games.</p> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tna-column tna-column--width-1-3 tna-column--width-1-2-medium tna-column--width-1-2-small tna-column--full-tiny tna-!--margin-bottom-l"> <div class="tna-card " data-module="tna-card"> <div class="tna-card__inner"> <hgroup class="tna-hgroup-s tna-card__heading"> <p class="tna-hgroup__supertitle tna-hgroup__supertitle--plain">Record revealed</p> <h3 class="tna-hgroup__title"> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/sir-henry-coles-rat/" class="tna-card__heading-link" data-card-type="card-group-secondary-nav" data-component-name="Featured card: Stories from the collection" data-link-type="Card text" data-card-title="Sir Henry Cole’s rat" data-card-position="2" >Sir Henry Cole’s rat</a> </h3> </hgroup> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/sir-henry-coles-rat/" class="tna-card__image-container" tabindex="-1" title="Sir Henry Cole’s rat" data-card-type="card-group-secondary-nav" data-component-name="Featured card: Stories from the collection" data-link-type="Card image" data-card-title="Sir Henry Cole’s rat" data-card-position="2" > <picture class="tna-card__image"> <img src="/media/images/rat-amongst-exchequer-records-full.9c3df0b9.fill-800x450.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="450"> </picture> </a> <div class="tna-card__body"> <p>Our collection includes many weird and wonderful records – one of the weirdest is undoubtedly a small box containing the remains of two long-dead rats.</p> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tna-column tna-column--width-1-3 tna-column--width-1-2-medium tna-column--width-1-2-small tna-column--full-tiny tna-!--margin-bottom-l"> <div class="tna-card " data-module="tna-card"> <div class="tna-card__inner"> <hgroup class="tna-hgroup-s tna-card__heading"> <p class="tna-hgroup__supertitle tna-hgroup__supertitle--plain">Record revealed</p> <h3 class="tna-hgroup__title"> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/list-immigrant-londoners-from-1483/" class="tna-card__heading-link" data-card-type="card-group-secondary-nav" data-component-name="Featured card: Stories from the collection" data-link-type="Card text" data-card-title="List of immigrant Londoners from 1483" data-card-position="3" >List of immigrant Londoners from 1483</a> </h3> </hgroup> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/list-immigrant-londoners-from-1483/" class="tna-card__image-container" tabindex="-1" title="List of immigrant Londoners from 1483" data-card-type="card-group-secondary-nav" data-component-name="Featured card: Stories from the collection" data-link-type="Card image" data-card-title="List of immigrant Londoners from 1483" data-card-position="3" > <picture class="tna-card__image"> <img src="/media/images/m-10-bishopsgate-list-of-immigrant.2e16d0ba.fill-800x450.png" alt="" width="800" height="450"> </picture> </a> <div class="tna-card__body"> <p>This 15th-century list of ‘alien’ residents, gathered for tax purposes, gives us a remarkable insight into London’s medieval immigrant population.</p> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tna-column tna-column--width-1-3 tna-column--width-1-2-medium tna-column--width-1-2-small tna-column--full-tiny tna-!--margin-bottom-l"> <div class="tna-card " data-module="tna-card"> <div class="tna-card__inner"> <hgroup class="tna-hgroup-s tna-card__heading"> <p class="tna-hgroup__supertitle tna-hgroup__supertitle--plain">Focus on</p> <h3 class="tna-hgroup__title"> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/emily-capper-and-the-1934-gresford-colliery-disaster/" class="tna-card__heading-link" data-card-type="card-group-secondary-nav" data-component-name="Featured card: Stories from the collection" data-link-type="Card text" data-card-title="Emily Capper and the 1934 Gresford Colliery disaster" data-card-position="4" >Emily Capper and the 1934 Gresford Colliery disaster</a> </h3> </hgroup> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/emily-capper-and-the-1934-gresford-colliery-disaster/" class="tna-card__image-container" tabindex="-1" title="Emily Capper and the 1934 Gresford Colliery disaster" data-card-type="card-group-secondary-nav" data-component-name="Featured card: Stories from the collection" data-link-type="Card image" data-card-title="Emily Capper and the 1934 Gresford Colliery disaster" data-card-position="4" > <picture class="tna-card__image"> <img src="/media/images/trucks-upended-by-explosion.2e16d0ba.fill-800x450.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="450"> </picture> </a> <div class="tna-card__body"> <p>Our records tell the story of Emily Capper's desperate campaign to recover the bodies of the victims, including that of her son.</p> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tna-column tna-column--width-1-3 tna-column--width-1-2-medium tna-column--width-1-2-small tna-column--full-tiny tna-!--margin-bottom-l"> <div class="tna-card " data-module="tna-card"> <div class="tna-card__inner"> <hgroup class="tna-hgroup-s tna-card__heading"> <p class="tna-hgroup__supertitle tna-hgroup__supertitle--plain">Focus on</p> <h3 class="tna-hgroup__title"> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/section-28-impact-fightback-repeal/" class="tna-card__heading-link" data-card-type="card-group-secondary-nav" data-component-name="Featured card: Stories from the collection" data-link-type="Card text" data-card-title="Section 28: impact, fightback and repeal" data-card-position="5" >Section 28: impact, fightback and repeal</a> </h3> </hgroup> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/section-28-impact-fightback-repeal/" class="tna-card__image-container" tabindex="-1" title="Section 28: impact, fightback and repeal" data-card-type="card-group-secondary-nav" data-component-name="Featured card: Stories from the collection" data-link-type="Card image" data-card-title="Section 28: impact, fightback and repeal" data-card-position="5" > <picture class="tna-card__image"> <img src="/media/images/section-28-2-scales-teaser.2e16d0ba.fill-800x450.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="450"> </picture> </a> <div class="tna-card__body"> <p>What was the everyday reality for LGBTQ+ people in the 80s and 90s living under the infamous Section 28, and how was it eventually repealed?</p> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="tna-column tna-column--full"> <div class="featured-articles__cta"> <a href="/explore-the-collection/stories/" class="tna-button" data-link-type="Button" data-component-name="Articles section: Stories from the collection" data-link="Browse all stories">Browse all stories</a> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div class="tna-container"> <div class="tna-column tna-column--full"> </div> </div> <footer class="tna-footer tna-!--margin-top-xl"> <div class="tna-container"> <div class="tna-column tna-column--flex-1 tna-column--width-1-2-medium tna-column--full-small tna-column--full-tiny tna-column--order-1"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" class="tna-logo" viewBox="0 0 160 160" width="96" height="96"> <title>The National Archives</title> <path fill="transparent" d="M0 0h160v160H0z" class="tna-logo__background" /> <g class="tna-logo__foreground" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M1.9 107.2h156.3V158H1.9v-50.8zm0-52.7h156.3v50.8H1.9V54.5zm0-52.6h77.2v50.8H1.9V1.9zm79 0h77.2v50.8H80.9V1.9zm0-1.9H0v160h160V0H80.9z" /> <path d="M21.3 19.5h-5.4v-3h14.3v3h-5.4v18.4h-3.5zM31.6 16.5H35v9h8.4v-9h3.4v21.4h-3.4v-9.3H35v9.3h-3.4zM50.9 16.5h12.2v3h-8.8v6.1h7.4v3h-7.4v6.3h8.8v3H50.9zM19.7 69.2h3.8l6.4 12.5c.6 1.1 1.1 2.7 1.6 4h.2c-.2-1.7-.3-3.6-.3-4.8V69.2h3.5v21.4h-3.7l-6.3-12.3c-.7-1.4-1.2-2.7-1.7-4.2H23c.2 1.4.3 3.3.3 5v11.5h-3.5c-.1 0-.1-21.4-.1-21.4zM47.8 82.6l-1.7-6.3c-.3-1.1-.6-2.2-.9-3.8H45c-.3 1.6-.5 2.6-.8 3.8l-1.7 6.3h5.3zM43 69.2h4.2l6.2 21.4h-3.5l-1.5-5.2h-6.6l-1.4 5.2h-3.6L43 69.2zM57.2 72.3h-5.4v-3.1H66v3.1h-5.4v18.4h-3.4zM67.8 69.2h3.5v21.4h-3.5zM87.5 80c0-5.3-1.7-8-4.8-8-3.2 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 8 0 5.2 1.6 7.9 4.8 7.9 3.2 0 4.8-2.7 4.8-7.9m-13.3 0c0-7 3-11.1 8.5-11.1 5.4 0 8.4 4.1 8.4 11.1 0 6.9-3 11-8.4 11s-8.5-4.1-8.5-11M94.3 69.2H98l6.4 12.5c.6 1.1 1.2 2.7 1.7 4h.2c-.2-1.7-.3-3.6-.3-4.8V69.2h3.4v21.4h-3.7l-6.3-12.3c-.7-1.4-1.2-2.7-1.7-4.2h-.2c.2 1.4.3 3.3.3 5v11.5h-3.5V69.2zM122.4 82.6l-1.7-6.3c-.3-1.1-.6-2.2-.9-3.8h-.2c-.3 1.6-.5 2.6-.8 3.8l-1.7 6.3h5.3zm-4.8-13.4h4.2l6.2 21.4h-3.5l-1.5-5.2h-6.6l-1.4 5.2h-3.6l6.2-21.4zM129.9 69.2h3.5v18.4h8.4v3.1h-11.9zM26.9 135.2l-1.7-6.3c-.3-1.1-.6-2.2-.9-3.8h-.2c-.3 1.6-.5 2.6-.8 3.8l-1.7 6.3h5.3zm-4.8-13.4h4.2l6.2 21.4H29l-1.5-5.2h-6.6l-1.4 5.2h-3.6l6.2-21.4zM39.9 132.5c2.5 0 3.4-1.6 3.4-3.9 0-2.2-1-3.8-3.4-3.8h-2.7v7.7h2.7zm-6.1-10.7h6.4c4.5 0 6.7 2.4 6.7 6.6 0 3.1-1.5 5.6-3.7 6.3v.2c1 1.1 4 7.5 4.8 7.9v.5h-3.8c-1-.6-3.6-7.2-4.4-7.8h-2.5v7.8h-3.5v-21.5zM52.9 132.5c0 5.3 1.9 8 4.8 8s4-2 4-5.2l3.5.1c0 .2.1.4.1.6 0 4.4-2.1 7.5-7.5 7.5-5.2 0-8.5-3.9-8.5-11.1 0-7.1 3.3-11 8.5-11 6.4 0 7.5 4.6 7.5 7.2 0 .3 0 .7-.1.9l-3.5.1c0-3.3-1.2-5.2-4-5.2-2.9.2-4.8 2.9-4.8 8.1M68 121.8h3.5v9.1h8.3v-9.1h3.5v21.5h-3.5v-9.4h-8.3v9.4H68zM87.9 121.8h3.5v21.4h-3.5zM94.2 121.8h3.6l3.2 12.3c.5 1.9.8 3.6 1.1 5.6h.2c.3-2 .6-3.7 1.1-5.6l3.2-12.3h3.6l-6.1 21.4H100l-5.8-21.4zM112.7 121.8H125v3.1h-8.8v6h7.4v3h-7.4v6.3h8.8v3.1h-12.3zM130.4 136c0 .2-.1.5-.1.8 0 1.9.8 3.7 3.4 3.7 2.1 0 3.3-1.2 3.3-2.9 0-1.6-.7-2.4-2.2-3l-3.4-1.3c-2.4-.9-4.2-2.4-4.2-5.7 0-3.5 2.3-6.1 6.6-6.1 5.5 0 6.4 3.6 6.4 5.9 0 .3 0 .7-.1 1.1l-3.4.1c0-.2.1-.5.1-.7 0-1.7-.6-3.2-3-3.2-2.1 0-3 1.2-3 2.8 0 1.7.9 2.5 2.2 2.9l3.5 1.3c2.6 1 4.3 2.6 4.3 5.8 0 3.6-2.4 6.1-7 6.1-5.9 0-6.8-3.9-6.8-6.5 0-.3 0-.6.1-1l3.3-.1z" /> </g> </svg> <h2 class="tna-heading-m tna-footer__title">The National Archives</h2> <address class="tna-footer__address"> Kew, Richmond<br> TW9 4DU </address> <h3 class="tna-!--visually-hidden"> Follow us </h3> <nav class="tna-footer__social" role="navigation" aria-label="Social"> <ul class="tna-ul tna-ul--plain tna-footer__social-items"> <li class="tna-footer__social-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/UKNatArchives" class="tna-footer__social-item-link" data-name="twitter"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"/></svg> <span class="tna-footer__social-item-link-text tna-!--visually-hidden"> The National Archives X feed (formally known as Twitter) </span> </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__social-item"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/TheNationalArchivesUK" class="tna-footer__social-item-link" data-name="youtube"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M549.7 124.1c-6.3-23.7-24.8-42.3-48.3-48.6C458.8 64 288 64 288 64S117.2 64 74.6 75.5c-23.5 6.3-42 24.9-48.3 48.6-11.4 42.9-11.4 132.3-11.4 132.3s0 89.4 11.4 132.3c6.3 23.7 24.8 41.5 48.3 47.8C117.2 448 288 448 288 448s170.8 0 213.4-11.5c23.5-6.3 42-24.2 48.3-47.8 11.4-42.9 11.4-132.3 11.4-132.3s0-89.4-11.4-132.3zm-317.5 213.5V175.2l142.7 81.2-142.7 81.2z"/></svg> <span class="tna-footer__social-item-link-text tna-!--visually-hidden"> The National Archives YouTube channel </span> </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__social-item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/TheNationalArchives" class="tna-footer__social-item-link" data-name="facebook"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M512 256C512 114.6 397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256C0 376 82.7 476.8 194.2 504.5V334.2H141.4V256h52.8V222.3c0-87.1 39.4-127.5 125-127.5c16.2 0 44.2 3.2 55.7 6.4V172c-6-.6-16.5-1-29.6-1c-42 0-58.2 15.9-58.2 57.2V256h83.6l-14.4 78.2H287V510.1C413.8 494.8 512 386.9 512 256h0z"/></svg> <span class="tna-footer__social-item-link-text tna-!--visually-hidden"> The National Archives Facebook page </span> </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__social-item"> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalarchives" class="tna-footer__social-item-link" data-name="flickr"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M400 32H48C21.5 32 0 53.5 0 80v352c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V80c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zM144.5 319c-35.1 0-63.5-28.4-63.5-63.5s28.4-63.5 63.5-63.5 63.5 28.4 63.5 63.5-28.4 63.5-63.5 63.5zm159 0c-35.1 0-63.5-28.4-63.5-63.5s28.4-63.5 63.5-63.5 63.5 28.4 63.5 63.5-28.4 63.5-63.5 63.5z"/></svg> <span class="tna-footer__social-item-link-text tna-!--visually-hidden"> The National Archives Flickr feed </span> </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__social-item"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nationalarchivesuk/" class="tna-footer__social-item-link" data-name="instagram"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M224.1 141c-63.6 0-114.9 51.3-114.9 114.9s51.3 114.9 114.9 114.9S339 319.5 339 255.9 287.7 141 224.1 141zm0 189.6c-41.1 0-74.7-33.5-74.7-74.7s33.5-74.7 74.7-74.7 74.7 33.5 74.7 74.7-33.6 74.7-74.7 74.7zm146.4-194.3c0 14.9-12 26.8-26.8 26.8-14.9 0-26.8-12-26.8-26.8s12-26.8 26.8-26.8 26.8 12 26.8 26.8zm76.1 27.2c-1.7-35.9-9.9-67.7-36.2-93.9-26.2-26.2-58-34.4-93.9-36.2-37-2.1-147.9-2.1-184.9 0-35.8 1.7-67.6 9.9-93.9 36.1s-34.4 58-36.2 93.9c-2.1 37-2.1 147.9 0 184.9 1.7 35.9 9.9 67.7 36.2 93.9s58 34.4 93.9 36.2c37 2.1 147.9 2.1 184.9 0 35.9-1.7 67.7-9.9 93.9-36.2 26.2-26.2 34.4-58 36.2-93.9 2.1-37 2.1-147.8 0-184.8zM398.8 388c-7.8 19.6-22.9 34.7-42.6 42.6-29.5 11.7-99.5 9-132.1 9s-102.7 2.6-132.1-9c-19.6-7.8-34.7-22.9-42.6-42.6-11.7-29.5-9-99.5-9-132.1s-2.6-102.7 9-132.1c7.8-19.6 22.9-34.7 42.6-42.6 29.5-11.7 99.5-9 132.1-9s102.7-2.6 132.1 9c19.6 7.8 34.7 22.9 42.6 42.6 11.7 29.5 9 99.5 9 132.1s2.7 102.7-9 132.1z"/></svg> <span class="tna-footer__social-item-link-text tna-!--visually-hidden"> The National Archives Instagram feed </span> </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__social-item"> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@uknatarchives" class="tna-footer__social-item-link" data-name="tiktok"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M448 209.9a210.1 210.1 0 0 1 -122.8-39.3V349.4A162.6 162.6 0 1 1 185 188.3V278.2a74.6 74.6 0 1 0 52.2 71.2V0l88 0a121.2 121.2 0 0 0 1.9 22.2h0A122.2 122.2 0 0 0 381 102.4a121.4 121.4 0 0 0 67 20.1z"/></svg> <span class="tna-footer__social-item-link-text tna-!--visually-hidden"> The National Archives TikTok feed </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="tna-footer__navigation tna-column tna-column--width-1-2 tna-column--full-medium tna-column--full-small tna-column--full-tiny tna-column--order-2 tna-column--order-4-medium tna-columns tna-columns--2 tna-columns--1-tiny"> <nav class="tna-footer__navigation-block tna-columns__block" role="navigation" aria-label="Quick links"> <h3 class="tna-footer__navigation-block-heading tna-heading-m"> Quick links </h3> <ul class="tna-footer__navigation-block-items tna-ul tna-ul--plain"> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> About us </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://nationalarchives.gov.uk/contact-us/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> Contact us </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/news/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> News </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> Blog </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://media.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php/category/podcasts-2/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> Podcasts </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://images.nationalarchives.gov.uk/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> Image library </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/press-room/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> Press room </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/jobs/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> Jobs </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://nationalarchives.gov.uk/contact-us/british-citizenship-services/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> British citizenship services </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://nationalarchives.gov.uk/archives-sector/our-archives-sector-role/historical-manuscripts-commission/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> Historical Manuscripts Commission </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="tna-footer__navigation-block tna-columns__block" role="navigation" aria-label="Other websites"> <h3 class="tna-footer__navigation-block-heading tna-heading-m"> Other websites </h3> <ul class="tna-footer__navigation-block-items tna-ul tna-ul--plain"> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://nationalarchives.gov.uk/webarchive/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> UK Government Web Archive </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> Legislation.gov.uk </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> Find case law </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> The Gazette </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://www.nationalarchivestrust.org.uk/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> The National Archives Trust </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item"> <a href="https://ftna.org.uk/" class="tna-footer__navigation-block-item-link"> Friends of The National Archives </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="tna-column tna-column--width-1-4 tna-column--width-1-2-medium tna-column--full-small tna-column--full-tiny tna-column--order-3"> <div class="tna-footer__mailing-list"> <h3 class="tna-footer__navigation-block-heading tna-heading-m"> Sign up to our emails </h3> <p> Hear about our latest news, stories from the collection and priority booking for events. </p> <div class="tna-button-group"> <a href="https://pages.enews.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pages/subscribe" class="tna-button"> Subscribe </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tna-container"> <nav class="tna-footer__legal tna-column tna-column--full" role="navigation" aria-label="Legal"> <ul class="tna-footer__legal-items tna-ul tna-ul--plain"> <li class="tna-footer__legal-item"> <a href="https://nationalarchives.gov.uk/help/web-accessibility/" class="tna-footer__legal-item-link"> Accessibility statement </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__legal-item"> <a href="https://nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/freedom-of-information/" class="tna-footer__legal-item-link"> Freedom of information </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__legal-item"> <a href="https://nationalarchives.gov.uk/legal/" class="tna-footer__legal-item-link"> Terms and conditions </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__legal-item"> <a href="https://nationalarchives.gov.uk/legal/privacy.htm" class="tna-footer__legal-item-link"> Privacy policy </a> </li> <li class="tna-footer__legal-item"> <a href="https://nationalarchives.gov.uk/legal/cookies/" class="tna-footer__legal-item-link"> Cookies </a> </li> </ul> <hr> </nav> </div> <div class="tna-container tna-footer__licence"> <div class="tna-column tna-column--full-tiny"> <svg class="tna-footer__licence-logo" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 483.2 195.7" width="60" height="24"> <title>Open Government Licence</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="M421.5 142.8V.1l-50.7 32.3v161.1h112.4v-50.7zm-122.3-9.6A47.12 47.12 0 0 1 221 97.8c0-26 21.1-47.1 47.1-47.1 16.7 0 31.4 8.7 39.7 21.8l42.7-27.2A97.63 97.63 0 0 0 268.1 0c-36.5 0-68.3 20.1-85.1 49.7A98 98 0 0 0 97.8 0C43.9 0 0 43.9 0 97.8s43.9 97.8 97.8 97.8c36.5 0 68.3-20.1 85.1-49.7a97.76 97.76 0 0 0 149.6 25.4l19.4 22.2h3v-87.8h-80l24.3 27.5zM97.8 145c-26 0-47.1-21.1-47.1-47.1s21.1-47.1 47.1-47.1 47.2 21 47.2 47S123.8 145 97.8 145" /> </svg> </div> <div class="tna-column tna-column--flex-1"> <p>All content is available under the <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/" class="tna-footer__link">Open Government Licence v3.0</a>, except where otherwise stated</p> </div> <div class="tna-column tna-column--full-small tna-column--full-tiny tna-footer__govuk"> <a href="https://www.gov.uk/" class="tna-footer__govuk-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="tna-footer__govuk-logotype-crown" width="32" height="30" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>GOV.UK</title> <path d="M22.6 10.4c-1 .4-2-.1-2.4-1-.4-.9.1-2 1-2.4.9-.4 2 .1 2.4 1s-.1 2-1 2.4m-5.9 6.7c-.9.4-2-.1-2.4-1-.4-.9.1-2 1-2.4.9-.4 2 .1 2.4 1s-.1 2-1 2.4m10.8-3.7c-1 .4-2-.1-2.4-1-.4-.9.1-2 1-2.4.9-.4 2 .1 2.4 1s0 2-1 2.4m3.3 4.8c-1 .4-2-.1-2.4-1-.4-.9.1-2 1-2.4.9-.4 2 .1 2.4 1s-.1 2-1 2.4M17 4.7l2.3 1.2V2.5l-2.3.7-.2-.2.9-3h-3.4l.9 3-.2.2c-.1.1-2.3-.7-2.3-.7v3.4L15 4.7c.1.1.1.2.2.2l-1.3 4c-.1.2-.1.4-.1.6 0 1.1.8 2 1.9 2.2h.7c1-.2 1.9-1.1 1.9-2.1 0-.2 0-.4-.1-.6l-1.3-4c-.1-.2 0-.2.1-.3m-7.6 5.7c.9.4 2-.1 2.4-1 .4-.9-.1-2-1-2.4-.9-.4-2 .1-2.4 1s0 2 1 2.4m-5 3c.9.4 2-.1 2.4-1 .4-.9-.1-2-1-2.4-.9-.4-2 .1-2.4 1s.1 2 1 2.4m-3.2 4.8c.9.4 2-.1 2.4-1 .4-.9-.1-2-1-2.4-.9-.4-2 .1-2.4 1s0 2 1 2.4m14.8 11c4.4 0 8.6.3 12.3.8 1.1-4.5 2.4-7 3.7-8.8l-2.5-.9c.2 1.3.3 1.9 0 2.7-.4-.4-.8-1.1-1.1-2.3l-1.2 4c.7-.5 1.3-.8 2-.9-1.1 2.5-2.6 3.1-3.5 3-1.1-.2-1.7-1.2-1.5-2.1.3-1.2 1.5-1.5 2.1-.1 1.1-2.3-.8-3-2-2.3 1.9-1.9 2.1-3.5.6-5.6-2.1 1.6-2.1 3.2-1.2 5.5-1.2-1.4-3.2-.6-2.5 1.6.9-1.4 2.1-.5 1.9.8-.2 1.1-1.7 2.1-3.5 1.9-2.7-.2-2.9-2.1-2.9-3.6.7-.1 1.9.5 2.9 1.9l.4-4.3c-1.1 1.1-2.1 1.4-3.2 1.4.4-1.2 2.1-3 2.1-3h-5.4s1.7 1.9 2.1 3c-1.1 0-2.1-.2-3.2-1.4l.4 4.3c1-1.4 2.2-2 2.9-1.9-.1 1.5-.2 3.4-2.9 3.6-1.9.2-3.4-.8-3.5-1.9-.2-1.3 1-2.2 1.9-.8.7-2.3-1.2-3-2.5-1.6.9-2.2.9-3.9-1.2-5.5-1.5 2-1.3 3.7.6 5.6-1.2-.7-3.1 0-2 2.3.6-1.4 1.8-1.1 2.1.1.2.9-.3 1.9-1.5 2.1-.9.2-2.4-.5-3.5-3 .6 0 1.2.3 2 .9l-1.2-4c-.3 1.1-.7 1.9-1.1 2.3-.3-.8-.2-1.4 0-2.7l-2.9.9C1.3 23 2.6 25.5 3.7 30c3.7-.5 7.9-.8 12.3-.8" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" /> </svg> GOV.UK </a> </div> </div> </footer> <script src="/static/scripts/explorer.1b10c6ecf617.js"></script> <script src="/static/scripts/all.320d04f1a90c.js"></script> <script src="/static/scripts/global_search.97f4f01a09d4.js"></script> <script src="/static/scripts/hamburger_menu.2c93a1a1b75e.js"></script> <script src="/static/scripts/feedback_tracking.498032b006b3.js"></script> <script src="/static/scripts/cookie_consent.5c5c36796a8f.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Explore the collection – The National Archives