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Domingo, Ph. L }} The '''Minor Basilica and National Shrine of La Virgen Divina Pastora''', known canonically as the '''Three Kings Parish''' and commonly known as '''Gapan Church''', is a [[Roman Catholic]] [[minor basilica]] and [[national shrine]] in [[Gapan]], [[Nueva Ecija]] in the Philippines that was founded in the 1500s. It is under the jurisdiction of the [[Diocese of Cabanatuan]]. It is one of the oldest Roman Catholic [[church (building)|churches]] in the country, and the oldest and the biggest colonial church in Nueva Ecija. The church has been a pilgrimage site for two [[patron saint]]s of Gapan and also of [[Nueva Ecija]]; the [[Biblical Magi|Three Kings]], and the Divina Pastora (Divine Shepherdess).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Santoro |first=Nicholas Joseph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXWRgP-0KBkC&dq=divina+pastora+nueva+ecija&pg=PP6 |title=Mary in Our Life: Atlas of the Names and Titles of Mary, the Mother of Jesus, and Their Place in Marian Devotion |date=August 12, 2011 |publisher=iUniverse |isbn=978-1-4620-4022-3 |pages=27–28 |language=en}}</ref> In 1986, the [[Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines]] declared the church as a [[national shrine]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Roque |first=Anselmo |date=April 16, 2014 |title=Miraculous image makes Gapan City top site for pilgrimage in Central Luzon |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/594595/miraculous-image-makes-gapan-city-top-site-for-pilgrimage-in-central-luzon |access-date=January 22, 2024 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, [[Pope Francis]] granted the title of [[Minor Basilica]] to the shrine.<ref name="mb-basilica">{{Cite web |last=Del Rosario |first=Rhowen |date=January 23, 2024 |title=Nat'l Shrine of La Virgen Divina Pastora now a minor basilica — CBCP |url=https://mb.com.ph/2024/1/23/nat-l-shrine-of-la-virgen-divina-pastora-now-a-minor-basilica-cbcp-1 |access-date=January 23, 2024 |website=[[Manila Bulletin]] |language=en}}</ref> ==History== ===Foundation=== The [[Augustinians]] formally accepted Gapan and established in it a community with its own minister on August 28, 1595. Situated across the Rio Chico, Gapan was originally bounded by Manicling, San Miguel de Mayumo and the [[Cordillera Central (Luzon)|Cordillera mountains]]. Due to its rapid progress, the Provincial Council decreed on October 31, 1636, that Gapan be divided into two [[vicariate]]s; the first will be composed of Gapan, Junas and San Miguel and the second will be composed of the areas north of the river. In 1704, Governor General Domingo de Zabalburu ordered that all Chinese living in the [[Christian mission|missions]] of Bongabon, Santor, Carranglan and Pantabangan transfer to Gapan. These movement witnessed the steady increase of population. In 1612, Gapan merely had a population of 1,800 which soared to 3,651 in 1760 and in 1896, 15,238. ===Construction=== [[File:Divine Shepherdess Shrine in Gapan, Nueva Ecija 06.jpg|thumb|left|Church interior in 2023]] The Order of Saint Augustine administered the parish of Gapan from its foundation in 1595.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Cabalza |first=Dexter |date=January 25, 2024 |title=Church in Gapan is first minor basilica in Nueva Ecija |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1893938/church-in-gapan-is-first-minor-basilica-in-n-ecija |access-date=January 27, 2024 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |language=en}}</ref> However, the secular priests took over in 1770. The present church was constructed under the direction of the friars Laredo, Cornejo and Laneza from 1856 to 1872. Fray Francisco Laredo started the construction of the church and finished the work on the walls, the [[dome]], the [[presbytery (architecture)|presbytery]] and the [[transept]]. It was his successors Fray Antonio Cornejo and Fray Leonardo Laneza who worked for the completion of the church. The church was built on the spot cleared by Augustinian friars Contreras, Tendilla, Caballo and Salazar in 1595.<ref name=":1" /> The church is distinctly [[Byzantine architecture|Byzantine]] in style and is built from blocks of limestone and bricks.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=March 26, 2013 |title=Churches to visit north of Manila |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/379995/churches-to-visit-north-of-manila |access-date=January 22, 2024 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |language=en}}</ref> The bricks, locally known as ''laryo'', were made in two sites. The first site is only a few blocks away from the church in San Vicente while the second site is in San Lorenzo, the two oldest settlements in Gapan. The exterior of the church is plain while its interior formerly has a central [[retablo mayor|retablo]] with [[niche (architecture)|niche]]s dedicated to the Epiphany of the Lord and to the {{lang|es|La Virgen Divina Pastora}}. This central retablo however was torn down in the 1970s due to infestation of termites. It was replaced with a modern style [[sanctuary]] dominated by a huge image of the [[Crucifixion of Jesus|Crucifixion]], arguably the largest in the province of Nueva Ecija. Only the two-side retablo are maintained to this day. Prominently displayed on the left retablo is the original miniature image of the {{lang|es|Virgen Divina Pastora}} which was donated by the Valmonte Family in 1986. The right retablo enshrines the [[Adoration of the Magi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Valmonte |first=Ramon |date=April 29, 2014 |title=La Virgen Divina Pastora - Souvenir Magazine |url=http://www.bookemon.com/flipread/380028 |access-date=January 27, 2024 |website=www.bookemon.com |language=en}}</ref> While the ''[[palitada]]'' of the walls was stripped, the grand painting of the [[Holy Trinity]] on the church's dome has been preserved. Local artist, Isidoro Samonte painted this image in the early 1900s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2009 |title=Hail to the Queen |url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/allure/2009/04/26/460811/hail-queen |access-date=January 22, 2024 |work=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref> ===Image of La Virgen Divina Pastora=== [[File:FvfGapanChurch8994 13.JPG|alt=Image of La Virgen Divina Pastora|thumb|left|The original image of {{lang|es|La Virgen Divina Pastora}} at the left ''retablo'' of the church]] The image of the {{lang|es|La Virgen Divina Pastora}} is the object of the largest Marian pilgrimages in Central Luzon. Although the precise origins of the image are shrouded in legend, its recorded history is traced largely to the Valmonte Family.<ref name=":0" /> In the 1700s, Doña Juana Valmonte, daughter of Don Bartolome de la Cruz Valmonte – Gapan's first [[gobernadorcillo]] in 1747 – and Doña Eulalia Fernández, had a strange dream in which the Virgin Mary wanted to be fetched from Spain. Distraught, she sought the advice of her father who told her to consult a friar friend in Manila. Doña Juana then traveled to Manila to recount her dream to the friar. Impressed by her story, the friar told of the devotion to the Divina Pastora which was gaining popularity in Spain. Doña Juana, on her part, ordered an image from Spain and to enthrone it in their family estate. The image eventually arrived in Manila via the [[Acapulco Galleon]], and was brought to Gapan. It then became the center of devotion for the family. Consequently, they started to celebrate her feast in thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest every May 1.<ref name=":0" /> Soon stories of miracles spread throughout the province and people came in throngs to celebrate the yearly fiesta.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=May 9, 2017 |title=La Virgen Divina Pastora of Gapan – the Queen of the Central Plains |url=https://pintakasiph.wordpress.com/2017/05/09/la-virgen-divina-pastora-of-gapan-the-queen-of-the-central-plains/ |access-date=January 27, 2024 |website=Pintakasi |language=en}}</ref> In the 1800s, the {{lang|es|La Virgen Divina Pastora}} was made patron of the parish of Gapan secondary to the [[Three Kings]]. Care of the image after the death of Dona Juana was given to her brother Don Basilio Valmonte who passed it to his son, General [[Pantaleon Valmonte]], the hero of the [[Cry of Nueva Ecija|First Cry of Nueva Ecija]]. General Pantaleon however was executed due to accusations of rebellion against Spain. Upon his death, the image was given to his wife Maxima Navarro-Valmonte for safekeeping. It was finally handed to Donata Valmonte-Cala and her daughter Emma Valmote-Cala.<ref name=":2" /> On December 19, 1963, [[Pope Paul VI]] approved the [[canonical coronation]] of the image of {{lang|es|La Virgen Divina Pastora}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2011 |title=The Clear Copy of the Papal Bull for the Canonical Coronation of La Virgen Divina Pastora |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/jheraldtuazon/6257406534 |website=Flickr}}</ref> Since the original image is privately owned, a church-owned image was used for the coronation ceremony which was presided by the first Bishop of the Diocese of Cabanatuan, Most Rev. Mariano Gaviola, on April 26, 1964. The original image of the {{lang|es|La Virgen Divina Pastora}} was eventually donated to the Parish of the Three Kings with the declaration of the church as a [[national shrine]] on April 26, 1986.<ref name=":0" /> ===Minor basilica=== On January 22, 2024, [[Pope Francis]] elevated the church as the twenty-second [[Minor Basilica]] in the Philippines and the first in the province of Nueva Ecija.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2024 |title=Pope Francis designates first minor basilica in Nueva Ecija |url=https://cbcpnews.net/cbcpnews/pope-francis-designates-first-minor-basilica-in-nueva-ecija/ |access-date=January 23, 2024 |website=[[Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines]] |language=en-US}}</ref> A [[Pontifical Mass]] was held on April 26 to solemnly declare the shrine as a basilica, presided by the [[Apostolic Nunciature to the Philippines|Apostolic Nuncio to the Philippines]], Archbishop [[Charles John Brown]], and [[concelebrate]]d by twenty [[bishop]]s and a dozen [[Catholic priest]]s.<ref name="cbcp"/> The mayor of Gapan City, Joy Pascual, graced the event,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Makasaysayan! Mayor Pascual leads Gapan in celebrating church's declaration as 'minor basilica' |url=https://centralluzon.politiko.com.ph/2024/04/27/makasaysayan-mayor-pascual-leads-gapan-in-celebrating-churchs-declaration-as-minor-basilica/daily-feed/ |work=Politiko Central Luzon |date=April 27, 2024 |access-date=April 27, 2024}}</ref> attended by 2,000 lay faithful.<ref name="cbcp">{{Cite news|title=Gapan Church officially proclaimed a minor basilica |first=Roy |last=Lagarde |url=https://cbcpnews.net/cbcpnews/gapan-church-officially-proclaimed-a-minor-basilica/ |work=CBCP News |date=April 26, 2024 |access-date=April 27, 2024}}</ref> The solemn declaration coincided with the sixtieth anniversary of the canonical coronation of the {{lang|es|La Virgen Divina Pastora}} image.<ref name="mb-basilica" /> == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed"> File:FvfGapanCoronation7538 01.JPG|{{lang|es|La Virgen Divina Pastora}} during its 50th Canonical Coronation Anniversary File:FvfDivinaProcession7695 24.JPG|The church's [[façade]] showing the papal symbol or the [[Papal regalia and insignia|Papal Cross Keys]] File:FvfGapan9086 08.JPG|Image of the [[Trinity|Holy Trinity]] at the basilica dome File:Divine Shepherdess Shrine in Gapan, Nueva Ecija 09.jpg|Statue of the [[Biblical Magi|Three Kings]] File:Lumang Gapan Barangay San Vicente 15.jpg|The back gate of the church </gallery> ==See also== * [[Crowned Marian images in the Philippines]] * [[List of Catholic basilicas]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * {{Commons category-inline}} * {{Facebook|LaVirgenDivinaPastoradeGapan}} {{Roman Catholic Diocese of Cabanatuan}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Divina Pastora}} [[Category:Roman Catholic churches in Nueva Ecija]] [[Category:Roman Catholic national shrines in the Philippines]] [[Category:Churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cabanatuan]] [[Category:Basilica churches in the Philippines]] [[Category:Shrines to the Virgin Mary]] [[Category:Catholic pilgrimage sites]] [[Category:Baroque church 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