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Une série inédite proposée par France Culture. Écoutez La Fabrique de l'Histoire, et découvrez nos podcasts en ligne."> <meta property="og:description" content="AUDIO • "Kwibuka 1994", souviens-toi du génocide, épisode 2/4 : Dix jours au Rwanda . Une série inédite proposée par France Culture. Écoutez La Fabrique de l'Histoire, et découvrez nos podcasts en ligne."> <meta name="twitter:description" content="AUDIO • "Kwibuka 1994", souviens-toi du génocide, épisode 2/4 : Dix jours au Rwanda . Une série inédite proposée par France Culture. 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(février 2003) ©Getty - Per-Anders Pettersson"></picture> <figcaption class="svelte-10vjnxy">Vêtements et objets personnels ayant appartenu aux victimes du génocide perpétré contre les Tutsis exposés au Centre commémoratif du génocide de Murambi, près du village de Gikongoro où 45 000 corps ont été exhumés d’un charnier (février 2003) ©Getty - Per-Anders Pettersson </figcaption></figure> <div class="Image-btnCopyright svelte-10vjnxy"> <button class="Button light primary medium circular svelte-1weqwpy" title="afficher la légende" type="button" aria-disabled="false" data-testid="ButtonInfo"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-testid="icon-infoCircleFilled" class="svelte-1cvh6z9"><use href="/client/immutable/assets/infoCircleFilled.30Jnxcg9.svg#infoCircleFilled"></use></svg> </button></div> <div class="Image-overlay svelte-10vjnxy"></div></div> </div></div></div> <div class="CoverEpisode-metadata svelte-r5ms83"><a 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Anthropologue, directrice de recherches au CNRS </li><li class="qg-tx2 qg-xtra-lh svelte-xlisip"><a href="/personnes/nicolas-werth" data-testid="link" class=" underline-hover svelte-ovv3j3"><span class="qg-st4">Nicolas Werth</span> </a> Directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS et président de la branche française de Memorial International </li><li class="qg-tx2 qg-xtra-lh svelte-xlisip"><a href="/personnes/annette-becker" data-testid="link" class=" underline-hover svelte-ovv3j3"><span class="qg-st4">Annette Becker</span> </a> Historienne, professeur émérite des universités à l'université de Paris-Ouest Nanterre </li><li class="qg-tx2 qg-xtra-lh svelte-xlisip"><a href="/personnes/stephane-audoin-rouzeau" data-testid="link" class=" underline-hover svelte-ovv3j3"><span class="qg-st4">Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau</span> </a> Historien, directeur d'études à l'EHESS, spécialiste de la Grande Guerre </li><li class="qg-tx2 qg-xtra-lh svelte-xlisip"><a href="/personnes/mathieu-potte-bonneville" data-testid="link" class=" underline-hover svelte-ovv3j3"><span class="qg-st4">Mathieu Potte-Bonneville</span> </a> Philosophe et directeur du département Culture et création du Centre Pompidou </li><li class="qg-tx2 qg-xtra-lh svelte-xlisip"><a href="/personnes/helene-dumas" data-testid="link" class=" underline-hover svelte-ovv3j3"><span class="qg-st4">Hélène Dumas</span> </a> Historienne, chargée de recherches au CNRS au Centre d’études sociologiques et politiques Raymond Aron </li><li class="qg-tx2 qg-xtra-lh svelte-xlisip"><a href="/personnes/henry-rousso" data-testid="link" class=" underline-hover svelte-ovv3j3"><span class="qg-st4">Henry Rousso</span> </a> Historien, directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS </li></ul></div></div> <div class="ExpressionBodyJson ExpressionBodyJson-franceculture g-block-margin svelte-xlisip"><div class="HtmlBodyWrapper station-franceculture " data-brand="franceculture" style="--filledQuote: url('/client/immutable/assets/quoteFilled.CHiZHkDC.svg');"><div class=""><h2 class="qg-st2 ">Dix jours au Rwanda, un documentaire d’Emmanuel Laurentin réalisé par Séverine Cassar</h2><p class="PopSlotParagraph qg-tx2 qg-xtra-lh svelte-1xznlfb">Guidés par Hélène Dumas, dont la thèse soutenue en 2013 portait sur les <em>gacaca</em>, ces tribunaux populaires ayant jugé les tueurs sur les lieux mêmes du massacre, et par l'historien Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau, ils sont venus en ce début avril 2014 dans un pays en pleine préparation des commémorations du 20e anniversaire du génocide. Ils ce sont de jeunes chercheurs travaillant sur le Rwanda comme des universitaires plus expérimentés spécialistes des crimes de masse du XXe siècle. Pas forcément préparés pour affronter les crânes et les fémurs blanchis posés sur des étagères dans la fraîcheur des mémoriaux, ils sont stupéfaits par ce qu’ils voient et par ce qu’ils entendent de la bouche des survivants. Car les massacres sont proches, et les témoins sont jeunes. Encore saisis par ce qu’ils ont vu derrière les bâches bleues soutenues par des piquets sur la colline de Kinazi, où l’on a exhumé un charnier vieux de 20 ans, ces historiens, anthropologues et philosophes vont pendant dix jours utiliser leurs savoirs et leurs connaissances des processus génocidaires pour tenter de comprendre ce qui s’est passé ici deux décennies plus tôt. Un séminaire en plein air au cours duquel, ceux qui savent, modestes, apprennent de la bouche de ceux qui ont vécu les massacres que malgré les travaux historiques demeure une part incompréhensible dans ce génocide.</p> <div class="observer Image svelte-13dn26f" data-testid="IntersectionObserver"><div class="Image-wrapper qg-tx5 svelte-10vjnxy rounded showCaption" style="max-width: 860px;"> <div class="Image-ratio svelte-10vjnxy" style="--defaultratio: 56.16279069767442%;"></div> <img class="Image-preview svelte-10vjnxy" data-testid="image-preview" src="data:image/jpeg;charset=utf-8;base64, /9j/2wBDACgcHiMeGSgjISMtKygwPGRBPDc3PHtYXUlkkYCZlo+AjIqgtObDoKrarYqMyP/L2u71////m8H////6/+b9//j/2wBDASstLTw1PHZBQXb4pYyl+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj/wAARCAAXACoDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFwABAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECA//EABwQAAIDAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAhESIVETMf/EABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEA/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8A6ybk6GEjCfTekBRwj6PmqtMuo0NLPhBwbauibDa6kZoC2p2XVq/ACKSddInasAgzLv4LAIv/2Q==" alt=""> <figure class="svelte-10vjnxy"><picture> <source type="image/webp" data-testid="image-webpSrcset" srcset="https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/754c341c-005b-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_plaque-apposee-sur-leglise-de-ntarama-lieu-de-massacre-des-tutsi-en-1994.webp 860w" sizes="(max-width: 480px) 200px, (max-width: 1024px) 1000px, 2000px"> <source type="image/webp" data-testid="image-webpSrc" srcset="https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/754c341c-005b-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_plaque-apposee-sur-leglise-de-ntarama-lieu-de-massacre-des-tutsi-en-1994.webp" sizes="(max-width: 480px) 200px, (max-width: 1024px) 1000px, 2000px"> <source data-testid="image-srcset" srcset="https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/754c341c-005b-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_plaque-apposee-sur-leglise-de-ntarama-lieu-de-massacre-des-tutsi-en-1994.jpg 860w" sizes="(max-width: 480px) 200px, (max-width: 1024px) 1000px, 2000px"> <img src="https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/754c341c-005b-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_plaque-apposee-sur-leglise-de-ntarama-lieu-de-massacre-des-tutsi-en-1994.jpg" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="low" width="860" height="483" class="Image-main svelte-10vjnxy rounded" data-testid="image-src" alt="Plaque apposée sur l'église de Ntarama, lieu de massacre des Tutsi en 1994"></picture> <figcaption class="svelte-10vjnxy">Plaque apposée sur l'église de Ntarama, lieu de massacre des Tutsi en 1994 <footer class="svelte-10vjnxy"><span>© Radio France</span> </footer></figcaption></figure> </div> </div><p class="PopSlotParagraph qg-tx2 qg-xtra-lh svelte-1xznlfb">Le périple s’est effectué au sud et à l’ouest du pays, dans un triangle compris entre Kigali, Butare et Kibuye sur le Lac Kivu, soit dans la zone d’implantation de l’armée française durant l’Opération Turquoise. Il a réuni Rwandais et Français, survivants (Tutsi) et observateurs, acteurs et chercheurs de toutes générations et de toutes disciplines qui, pour nombre d’entre eux, découvraient le pays pour la première fois.</p> <div class="PopSlot inread svelte-1nn8uhn" style="--mobile-minWidth: 300px; --mobile-minHeight: 250px; --tablet-minWidth: 300px; --tablet-minHeight: 250px; --desktop-minWidth: 533px; --desktop-minHeight: 300px;"><div class="PopSlot-label svelte-1nn8uhn"><span class="qg-tx5 svelte-1nn8uhn">Publicité</span> <svg class="PopSlot-svg svelte-1nn8uhn"><use href="#logoRF"></use></svg></div> <div id="inread" class="PopSlot-slot dfp-slot svelte-1nn8uhn" data-format="inread"></div></div><p class="PopSlotParagraph qg-tx2 qg-xtra-lh svelte-1xznlfb">Martin Muhoza, l’un des rares jeunes experts du Rwanda pour l’analyse des restes humains, qui faisait partie de ce voyage d"tudes, a expliqué les procédures complexes d’excavation des fosses et d’identification des corps, une procédure toujours en cours vingt ans après les faits partout dans le pays.</p> <div class="observer Image svelte-13dn26f" data-testid="IntersectionObserver"><div class="Image-wrapper qg-tx5 svelte-10vjnxy rounded showCaption" style="max-width: 860px;"> <div class="Image-ratio svelte-10vjnxy" style="--defaultratio: 56.16279069767442%;"></div> <img class="Image-preview svelte-10vjnxy" data-testid="image-preview" src="data:image/jpeg;charset=utf-8;base64, /9j/2wBDACgcHiMeGSgjISMtKygwPGRBPDc3PHtYXUlkkYCZlo+AjIqgtObDoKrarYqMyP/L2u71////m8H////6/+b9//j/2wBDASstLTw1PHZBQXb4pYyl+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj/wAARCAAXACoDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAGQAAAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAwUE/8QAIRAAAgICAQQDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAxExIQQSE0EiUWH/xAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgH/xAAWEQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAARH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AO+29Ot65RnP02+GVuyT9kHNwj++jNbIvhCU05R0tiTyRoucKJp7kxZ7UZVRoURiqVJ7WmdCu40ZL6mfYorSLlfXhZs5EqbFHiyJ0Ntc8ABOrweP5YxwWOKxjAAAnXGDy9i8cfoAA//Z" alt=""> <figure class="svelte-10vjnxy"><picture> <source type="image/webp" data-testid="image-webpSrcset" srcset="https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/cf596837-005a-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_ntarama.webp 860w" sizes="(max-width: 480px) 200px, (max-width: 1024px) 1000px, 2000px"> <source type="image/webp" data-testid="image-webpSrc" srcset="https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/cf596837-005a-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_ntarama.webp" sizes="(max-width: 480px) 200px, (max-width: 1024px) 1000px, 2000px"> <source data-testid="image-srcset" srcset="https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/cf596837-005a-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_ntarama.jpg 860w" sizes="(max-width: 480px) 200px, (max-width: 1024px) 1000px, 2000px"> <img src="https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/cf596837-005a-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_ntarama.jpg" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="low" width="860" height="483" class="Image-main svelte-10vjnxy rounded" data-testid="image-src" alt="Martin Muhoza, Élisabeth Claverie, Ariane Matthieu, Pierre Benetti et Yann Giraud au mémorial de Ntarama "></picture> <figcaption class="svelte-10vjnxy">Martin Muhoza, Élisabeth Claverie, Ariane Matthieu, Pierre Benetti et Yann Giraud au mémorial de Ntarama <footer class="svelte-10vjnxy"><span>© Radio France</span> </footer></figcaption></figure> </div> </div><p class="PopSlotParagraph qg-tx2 qg-xtra-lh svelte-1xznlfb">Avec les témoignages de Hélène Dumas, Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau, Annette Becker, Henry Rousso, Elisabeth Claverie, Nicolas Werth, Martin Muhoza, Emilienne Mukansoro, Yann Giraud et Mathieu Potte-Bonneville.</p> <p class="PopSlotParagraph qg-tx2 qg-xtra-lh svelte-1xznlfb">A lire aussi</p> <ul><li> <a href="https://tempresent.hypotheses.org/20" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="" data-testid="link">Le carnet de terrain d'Henry Rousso</a> </li></ul></div> </div></div> <div class="ExpressionReferences-chronicles g-block-margin 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Ils ce sont de jeunes chercheurs travaillant sur le Rwanda comme des universitaires plus expérimentés spécialistes des crimes de masse du XXe siècle. Pas forcément préparés pour affronter les crânes et les fémurs blanchis posés sur des étagères dans la fraîcheur des mémoriaux, ils sont stupéfaits par ce qu’ils voient et par ce qu’ils entendent de la bouche des survivants. Car les massacres sont proches, et les témoins sont jeunes. Encore saisis par ce qu’ils ont vu derrière les bâches bleues soutenues par des piquets sur la colline de Kinazi, où l’on a exhumé un charnier vieux de 20 ans, ces historiens, anthropologues et philosophes vont pendant dix jours utiliser leurs savoirs et leurs connaissances des processus génocidaires pour tenter de comprendre ce qui s’est passé ici deux décennies plus tôt. Un séminaire en plein air au cours duquel, ceux qui savent, modestes, apprennent de la bouche de ceux qui ont vécu les massacres que malgré les travaux historiques demeure une part incompréhensible dans ce génocide."}]},{type:"image",data:{src:"https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/754c341c-005b-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_plaque-apposee-sur-leglise-de-ntarama-lieu-de-massacre-des-tutsi-en-1994.jpg",webpSrc:"https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/754c341c-005b-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_plaque-apposee-sur-leglise-de-ntarama-lieu-de-massacre-des-tutsi-en-1994.webp",width:860,height:483,ratio:"56.16279069767442%",alt:"Plaque apposée sur l'église de Ntarama, lieu de massacre des Tutsi en 1994",preview:"data:image/jpeg;charset=utf-8;base64, /9j/2wBDACgcHiMeGSgjISMtKygwPGRBPDc3PHtYXUlkkYCZlo+AjIqgtObDoKrarYqMyP/L2u71////m8H////6/+b9//j/2wBDASstLTw1PHZBQXb4pYyl+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj4+Pj/wAARCAAXACoDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFwABAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECA//EABwQAAIDAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAhESIVETMf/EABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEA/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8A6ybk6GEjCfTekBRwj6PmqtMuo0NLPhBwbauibDa6kZoC2p2XVq/ACKSddInasAgzLv4LAIv/2Q==",sizes:"(max-width: 480px) 200px, (max-width: 1024px) 1000px, 2000px",srcset:"https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/754c341c-005b-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_plaque-apposee-sur-leglise-de-ntarama-lieu-de-massacre-des-tutsi-en-1994.jpg 860w",webpSrcset:"https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/754c341c-005b-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_plaque-apposee-sur-leglise-de-ntarama-lieu-de-massacre-des-tutsi-en-1994.webp 860w",copyright:"Radio France",author:void 0}},{type:"text",children:[{type:"text",value:"Le périple s’est effectué au sud et à l’ouest du pays, dans un triangle compris entre Kigali, Butare et Kibuye sur le Lac Kivu, soit dans la zone d’implantation de l’armée française durant l’Opération Turquoise. Il a réuni Rwandais et Français, survivants (Tutsi) et observateurs, acteurs et chercheurs de toutes générations et de toutes disciplines qui, pour nombre d’entre eux, découvraient le pays pour la première fois."}]},{type:"text",children:[{type:"text",value:"Martin Muhoza, l’un des rares jeunes experts du Rwanda pour l’analyse des restes humains, qui faisait partie de ce voyage d\"tudes, a expliqué les procédures complexes d’excavation des fosses et d’identification des corps, une procédure toujours en cours vingt ans après les faits partout dans le pays."}]},{type:"image",data:{src:"https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/cf596837-005a-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_ntarama.jpg",webpSrc:"https://www.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2014/06/cf596837-005a-11e4-97d5-782bcb73ed47/860_ntarama.webp",width:860,height:483,ratio:"56.16279069767442%",alt:"Martin Muhoza, Élisabeth Claverie, Ariane Matthieu, Pierre Benetti et Yann Giraud au mémorial de Ntarama 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Hélène Dumas, Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau, Annette Becker, Henry Rousso, Elisabeth Claverie, Nicolas Werth, Martin Muhoza, Emilienne Mukansoro, Yann Giraud et Mathieu Potte-Bonneville."}]},{type:"text",children:[{type:"text",value:"A lire aussi"}]},{type:"list",ordered:false,children:[{type:"list_item",children:[{type:"link",data:{href:"https://tempresent.hypotheses.org/20"},value:"Le carnet de terrain d'Henry Rousso"},{type:"text",value:""}]}]}],selections:[],startDate:1404198360,endDate:1404201540,guest:[{name:"Elisabeth Claverie",role:"Anthropologue, directrice de recherches au CNRS",path:"personnes/elisabeth-claverie",migrated:true},{name:"Nicolas Werth",role:"Directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS et président de la branche française de Memorial International",path:"personnes/nicolas-werth",migrated:true},{name:"Annette Becker",role:"Historienne, professeur émérite des universités à l'université de Paris-Ouest Nanterre",path:"personnes/annette-becker",migrated:true},{name:"Stéphane 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