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April">21. April</a> <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(Massachusetts)" title="Cambridge (Massachusetts)">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>; † <a href="/wiki/20._August" title="20. August">20. August</a> <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a> in <a href="/wiki/Randolph_(New_Hampshire)" title="Randolph (New Hampshire)">Randolph</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>) war ein <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">US-amerikanischer</a> Physiker. Bridgman erhielt 1946 den <a href="/wiki/Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Nobelpreis für Physik">Nobelpreis für Physik</a> für seine Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Hochdruck-Physik. </p><p>Er ist ebenfalls bekannt für seine Studien über die elektrische Leitfähigkeit in Metallen und über Kristalleigenschaften. Er verfasste auch Werke über die Philosophie der modernen Wissenschaft, speziell des <a href="/wiki/Operationalismus" title="Operationalismus">Operationalismus</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Leben"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Leben</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Ehrungen_und_Mitgliedschaften"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Ehrungen und Mitgliedschaften</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Werke"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Werke</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Literatur"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Literatur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben">Leben</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Leben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Leben"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bridgman wurde in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(Massachusetts)" title="Cambridge (Massachusetts)">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> geboren. In der nahegelegenen Stadt <a href="/wiki/Newton_(Massachusetts)" title="Newton (Massachusetts)">Newton</a> ging er zur Schule. Er begann 1900 an der <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> Physik zu studieren. </p><p>Ab 1905 begann er seine Forschungen, mit denen er die Wirkungen hohen Drucks auf Materialien und ihr thermodynamisches Verhalten untersuchte. Aufgrund einer Fehlfunktion änderte er seinen Druckapparat mit dem Ergebnis, dass er eine neue Vorrichtung erfunden hatte, die es ihm erlaubte, Drucke von über 10 GPa (10<sup>5</sup> bar) zu erzeugen. Bis dahin konnten nur Drucke bis 0,3 GPa (<a href="/wiki/Vors%C3%A4tze_f%C3%BCr_Ma%C3%9Feinheiten" title="Vorsätze für Maßeinheiten">Giga</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(Einheit)" title="Pascal (Einheit)">Pascal</a>) erreicht werden. Mit diesem neuen Apparat wurden eine Fülle neuer Forschungen durchgeführt, zum Beispiel über die Wirkung von Druck auf die Kompressibilität, den elektrischen Widerstand, die Wärmeleitfähigkeit, die Zugfestigkeit und die Viskosität verschiedener Materialien. </p><p>1908 erlangte er seinen Doktortitel der Physik an der Harvard University. Hier verbrachte er seine berufliche Karriere bis 1954. Ab 1910 lehrte er an der Harvard University, ab 1913 als Assistant Professor, ab 1919 war er Professor, bis er 1926 <i>Hollis Professor für Mathematik und Naturphilosophie</i> wurde. Ab 1950 war er dort <i>Higgins University Professor</i>. </p><p>1935 stellte er das Verfahren der <a href="/wiki/Hochdruck-Torsion" title="Hochdruck-Torsion">Hochdruck-Torsion</a> vor, das die Experimentelle Grundlage vieler Erkenntnisse der Mikro- und Nanostrukturentwicklung von Metallen bildete.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1946 wurde ihm der Nobelpreis für Physik verliehen: „Für die Erfindung eines Apparates zur Erzeugung extrem hohen Drucks und für seine Entdeckungen, die er damit auf dem Gebiet der Hochdruckphysik machte“. </p><p>1954 emeritierte er. </p><p>Er ist Erfinder zweier Verfahren zur Herstellung von Einkristallen (<a href="/wiki/Kristallz%C3%BCchtung" title="Kristallzüchtung">Kristallzüchtung</a>): dem <i>Horizontal-Bridgman-Verfahren</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (HB) und dem <i>Vertikal-Bridgman-Verfahren</i> (VB). Bei beiden Verfahren wird Material ein Schiffchen bzw. einer Ampulle horizontal bzw. vertikal durch einen Heizofen bewegt. Dabei wird das Material aufgeschmolzen und kristallisiert beim Abkühlen erneut. Durch die Steuerung der Abkühlung lassen sich so Einkristalle fertigen. Eine Weiterentwicklung des vertikalen Verfahrens durch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_C._Stockbarger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald C. Stockbarger (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Donald C. Stockbarger</a> wird als <a href="/wiki/Bridgman-Stockbarger-Methode" title="Bridgman-Stockbarger-Methode">Bridgman-Stockbarger-Methode</a> bezeichnet, dabei wird ein Mehrzonenofen mit unterschiedlichen Temperaturzonen eingesetzt. </p><p>An der <a href="/wiki/Osteodystrophia_deformans" title="Osteodystrophia deformans">Pagetschen Knochenkrankheit</a> leidend, nahm er sich am 20. August 1961 durch einen Schuss in den Kopf selbst das Leben. Zuvor hinterließ er die in ethischer Literatur oft zitierten Worte: „Es schickt sich nicht, wenn eine Gesellschaft einen dazu zwingt, dies selbst zu tun. Vielleicht ist heute der letzte Tag, an dem ich selbst fähig sein werde, dies zu tun.“<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bridgman hatte großen Einfluss auf <a href="/wiki/Robert_Oppenheimer" title="Robert Oppenheimer">Robert Oppenheimer</a>, der an der Harvard University studierte. Bridgman heiratete Olive Ware 1912. Ihre Tochter Jane wurde 1914 geboren, ihr Sohn Robert 1915. Er war befreundet mit <a href="/wiki/Burrhus_Frederic_Skinner" class="mw-redirect" title="Burrhus Frederic Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a>, dem prominentesten Vertreter des radikalen <a href="/wiki/Behaviorismus" title="Behaviorismus">Behaviorismus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ehrungen_und_Mitgliedschaften">Ehrungen und Mitgliedschaften</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Ehrungen und Mitgliedschaften" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Ehrungen und Mitgliedschaften"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neben dem Nobelpreis erhielt Bridgman zahlreiche weitere wissenschaftliche Auszeichnungen: </p> <ul><li>die Rumford-Medaille der American Academy of Arts and Sciences</li> <li>die Cresson-Medaille des Franklin Instituts</li> <li>die <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Willem_Bakhuis_Roozeboom" title="Hendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom">Roozeboom-Medaille</a> der Königlich Niederländischen Akademie der Wissenschaften</li> <li>den <a href="/wiki/Comstock-Preis_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Comstock-Preis für Physik">Comstock-Preis für Physik</a> der National Academy of Sciences (1933)</li> <li>und den New York Award der Research Corporation.</li></ul> <p>Des Weiteren wurde Bridgman mehrfach die Ehrendoktorwürde verliehen: <a href="/wiki/Stevens_Institute_of_Technology" title="Stevens Institute of Technology">Stevens Institute of Technology</a> (1934), <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> (1939), <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Polytechnic University of New York">Brooklyn Polytechnic</a> (1941), <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a> (1950), <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne" title="Sorbonne">Sorbonne</a> (Paris, 1950) und <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a> (1951). </p><p>1942 war er Präsident der <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>. 1912 wurde er in die <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> und 1916 in die <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gewählt. Ab 1918 war er Mitglied der <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>. Er war ein ausländisches Mitglied der <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> und Ehrenmitglied der Physical Society (London). </p><p>In seinem Andenken wird der <a href="/wiki/Bridgman_Award" title="Bridgman Award">Bridgman Award</a> vergeben. Zudem tragen der <a href="/wiki/Mount_Bridgman" title="Mount Bridgman">Mount Bridgman</a> in der Antarktis und der <a href="/wiki/Mondkrater" title="Mondkrater">Mondkrater</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgman_(Mondkrater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridgman (Mondkrater) (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Bridgman</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seinen Namen. </p><p>Seit 2014 ist das mit ca. 38 % Volumenanteil häufigste Mineral der Erde als <a href="/wiki/Bridgmanit" title="Bridgmanit">Bridgmanit</a> benannt, das sich nur unter extremen Druckverhältnissen und daher gewöhnlich in unzugänglicher Tiefe bildet, nachdem es erstmals aus einer natürlichen Quelle isoliert und analysiert werden konnte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werke">Werke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Werke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Werke"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P. W. Bridgman: <cite style="font-style:italic">Dimensional Analysis</cite>. Revised Auflage. AMS Press, Inc., 1931, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0404147747" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-404-14774-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.au=P.+W.+Bridgman&rft.btitle=Dimensional+Analysis&rft.date=1931&rft.edition=Revised&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0404147747&rft.pub=AMS+Press%2C+Inc." style="display:none"> </span> <ul><li>P. W. Bridgman: <cite style="font-style:italic">Theorie der physikalischen Dimensionen: Ähnlichkeitsbetrachtungen in der Physik</cite>. Revised Auflage. Teubner, Leipzig 1932.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.au=P.+W.+Bridgman&rft.btitle=Theorie+der+physikalischen+Dimensionen%3A+%C3%84hnlichkeitsbetrachtungen+in+der+Physik&rft.date=1932&rft.edition=Revised&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Teubner" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul></li> <li>P. W. Bridgman: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Logic of Modern Physics</cite>. The Macmillan Company, New York 1927 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/us/bridgman.htm">Auszug</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.au=P.+W.+Bridgman&rft.btitle=The+Logic+of+Modern+Physics&rft.date=1927&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Company" style="display:none"> </span> <ul><li>P. W. Bridgman: <cite style="font-style:italic">Die Logik der heutigen Physik</cite>. Hueber, München 1932.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.au=P.+W.+Bridgman&rft.btitle=Die+Logik+der+heutigen+Physik&rft.date=1932&rft.genre=book&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pub=Hueber" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul></li> <li>P. W. Bridgman: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Physics of High Pressure</cite>. G. Bell, London 1931.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.au=P.+W.+Bridgman&rft.btitle=The+Physics+of+High+Pressure&rft.date=1931&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London&rft.pub=G.+Bell" style="display:none"> </span></li> <li>P. W. Bridgman: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Thermodynamics of Electrical Phenomena in Metals</cite>. 1934.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.au=P.+W.+Bridgman&rft.btitle=The+Thermodynamics+of+Electrical+Phenomena+in+Metals&rft.date=1934&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span></li> <li>P. W. Bridgman: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Nature of Physical Theory</cite>. 1936.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.au=P.+W.+Bridgman&rft.btitle=The+Nature+of+Physical+Theory&rft.date=1936&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span></li> <li>P. W. Bridgman: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Intelligent Individual and Society</cite>. 1938.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.au=P.+W.+Bridgman&rft.btitle=The+Intelligent+Individual+and+Society&rft.date=1938&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span></li> <li>P. W. Bridgman: <cite style="font-style:italic">Nature of Thermodynamics</cite>. 1941.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.au=P.+W.+Bridgman&rft.btitle=Nature+of+Thermodynamics&rft.date=1941&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span></li> <li>P. W. Bridgman: <cite style="font-style:italic">Reflections of a Physicist</cite>. 1955.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.au=P.+W.+Bridgman&rft.btitle=Reflections+of+a+Physicist&rft.date=1955&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span></li> <li>P. W. Bridgman: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Way Things Are</cite>. 1961.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.au=P.+W.+Bridgman&rft.btitle=The+Way+Things+Are&rft.date=1961&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Für <a href="/wiki/Operationalismus#Literatur" title="Operationalismus">Literatur zum Operationalismus</a> siehe dort.</dd></dl> <ul><li>Maila L. Walter: <i>Science and cultural crisis: an intellectual biography of Percy Williams Bridgman (1882–1961)</i>, Stanford University Press, Stanford 1990, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0804717966" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8047-1796-6</a>.</li> <li>Paul F McMillan: <cite style="font-style:italic">Pressing on: the legacy of Percy W. Bridgman.</cite> In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="/wiki/Nature_materials" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature materials">Nature materials</a></cite>. 4. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>10</span>, Oktober 2005, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>715–8</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1488">10.1038/nmat1488</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195758?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16195758</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.atitle=Pressing+on%3A+the+legacy+of+Percy+W.+Bridgman.&rft.au=Paul+F%26%2332%3BMcMillan&rft.date=2005-10&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fnmat1488&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=Nature+materials&rft.pages=715-8&rft.pmid=16195758&rft.volume=4.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Percy_Bridgman?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Percy Bridgman</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1946/summary/">Informationen</a> der <a href="/wiki/Nobelpreis" title="Nobelpreis">Nobelstiftung</a> zur Preisverleihung 1946 an Percy Williams Bridgman (englisch)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&query=119008513">Literatur von und über Percy Williams Bridgman</a> im Katalog der <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek" title="Deutsche Nationalbibliothek">Deutschen Nationalbibliothek</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11411020.html">Biographie bei der APS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_C._Kemble" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin C. Kemble">Edwin C. Kemble</a> / Francis Birch: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/bridgman-percy-w.pdf"><i>PERCY WILLIAMS BRIDGMAN April 21, 1882-August 20, 1961</i></a> (PDF; 2,0 MB), in: National Academy of Sciences of the United States, Biographical Memoirs [New York] 41 (1970), S. 23–67.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaveh Edalati, Zenji Horita: <cite style="font-style:italic">A review on high-pressure torsion (HPT) from 1935 to 1988</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Materials Science and Engineering: A</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>652</span>, Januar 2016, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>325–352</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.11.074">10.1016/j.msea.2015.11.074</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921509315306699">elsevier.com</a> [abgerufen am 4. September 2021]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.atitle=A+review+on+high-pressure+torsion+%28HPT%29+from+1935+to+1988&rft.au=Kaveh+Edalati%2C+Zenji+Horita&rft.btitle=Materials+Science+and+Engineering%3A+A&rft.date=2016-01&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.msea.2015.11.074&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=325-352&rft.volume=652" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klaus-Thomas Wilke, Joachim Bohm: <cite style="font-style:italic">Kristallzüchtung</cite>. Harri Deutsch Verlag, 1988, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3871449717" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-87144-971-7</a>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>655<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>ff</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.au=Klaus-Thomas+Wilke%2C+Joachim+Bohm&rft.btitle=Kristallz%C3%BCchtung&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3871449717&rft.pages=655ff&rft.pub=Harri+Deutsch+Verlag" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"It isn't decent for society to make a man do this thing himself. Probably this is the last day I will be able to do it myself.", hier zit. n. Kemble / Birch 1970, 48; Walter 1990, 308. Z.B. auch angeführt bei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Tristram_Engelhardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Tristram Engelhardt (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Hugo Tristram Engelhardt</a>: <i>The foundations of bioethics</i>, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996, 349; Sissela Bok: <i>Euthanasia</i>, in: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Dworkin" title="Gerald Dworkin">Gerald Dworkin</a>, Raymond Gillespie Frey, Sissela Bok (Hgg.): <i>Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide</i>, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998, 107–127, hier 111; David Lester: <i>Suizid</i>, in: Wilhelm Heitmeyer / John Hagan (Hgg.): <i>Internationales Handbuch der Gewaltforschung</i>, Westdeutscher Verlag, Wiesbaden 2002, 942–957, hier 943.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Percy+Williams+Bridgman&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced"><i>Member History: Percy Williams Bridgman.</i></a> American Philosophical Society,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 20. Mai 2018</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3APercy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.title=Member+History%3A+Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.description=Member+History%3A+Percy+Williams+Bridgman&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DPercy%2BWilliams%2BBridgman%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rft.publisher=American+Philosophical+Society"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/880">Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature</a></span> </li> </ol> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r248673343">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-right-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-top-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-bottom-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;margin-top:1.5em;min-height:0;padding:2px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavPic{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.NavHead{background-color:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+link+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+style+div.NavFrame{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .NavToggle{float:right;font-size:x-small}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}</style><div class="NavFrame navigation-not-searchable" role="navigation"> <div class="NavHead"><a href="/wiki/Liste_der_Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Liste der Nobelpreisträger für Physik">Träger des Nobelpreises für Physik</a></div> <div class="NavContent"> <p>1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Röntgen</a> | 1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Lorentz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a> | 1903: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> | 1904: <a href="/wiki/John_Strutt,_3._Baron_Rayleigh" title="John Strutt, 3. Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a> | 1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a> | 1906: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> | 1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Michelson</a> | 1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a> | 1909: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Braun" title="Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> | 1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a> | 1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a> | 1912: <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a> | 1913: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a> | 1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a> | 1915: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> | 1916: <i>nicht verliehen</i> | 1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a> | 1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a> | 1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a> | 1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a> | 1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> | 1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a> | 1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a> | 1924: <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a> | 1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz">Hertz</a> | 1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin">Perrin</a> | 1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Compton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. T. R. Wilson</a> | 1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. W. Richardson</a> | 1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">de Broglie</a> | 1930: <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a> | 1931: <i>nicht verliehen</i> | 1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a> | 1933: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a> | 1934: <i>nicht verliehen</i> | 1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a> | 1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a> | 1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">G. P. Thomson</a> | 1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> | 1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a> | 1940–1942: <i>nicht verliehen</i> | 1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern_(Physiker)" title="Otto Stern (Physiker)">Stern</a> | 1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a> | 1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a> | 1946: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bridgman</a> | 1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a> | 1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett,_Baron_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett">Blackett</a> | 1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a> | 1950: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Powell" title="Cecil Powell">Powell</a> | 1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a> | 1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a> | 1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a> | 1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a> | 1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Lamb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a> | 1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">Shockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a> | 1957: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T.-D. Lee</a> | 1958: <a href="/wiki/Pawel_Alexejewitsch_Tscherenkow" title="Pawel Alexejewitsch Tscherenkow">Tscherenkow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Michailowitsch_Frank" title="Ilja Michailowitsch Frank">Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igor_Jewgenjewitsch_Tamm" title="Igor Jewgenjewitsch Tamm">Tamm</a> | 1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a> | 1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Glaser</a> | 1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6%C3%9Fbauer" title="Rudolf Mößbauer">Mößbauer</a> | 1962: <a href="/wiki/Lew_Dawidowitsch_Landau" title="Lew Dawidowitsch Landau">Landau</a> | 1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">Wigner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hans_Daniel_Jensen" title="Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen">Jensen</a> | 1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Townes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gennadijewitsch_Bassow" title="Nikolai Gennadijewitsch Bassow">Bassow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Michailowitsch_Prochorow" title="Alexander Michailowitsch Prochorow">Prochorow</a> | 1965: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Seymour_Schwinger" title="Julian Seymour Schwinger">Schwinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shin%E2%80%99ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin’ichirō Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> | 1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a> | 1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a> | 1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a> | 1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a> | 1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a> | 1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_G%C3%A1bor" title="Dennis Gábor">Gábor</a> | 1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Neil_Cooper" title="Leon Neil Cooper">Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a> | 1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a> | 1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a> | 1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">A. N. Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Mottelson" title="Ben Mottelson">Mottelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a> | 1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chao_Chung_Ting" title="Samuel Chao Chung Ting">Ting</a> | 1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a> | 1978: <a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Leonidowitsch_Kapiza" title="Pjotr Leonidowitsch Kapiza">Kapiza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arno_Penzias" title="Arno Penzias">Penzias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R. W. Wilson</a> | 1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a> | 1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val_Fitch" title="Val Fitch">Fitch</a> | 1981: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a> | 1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">K. Wilson</a> | 1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a> | 1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">van der Meer</a> | 1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a> | 1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a> | 1987: <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a> | 1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Lederman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a> | 1989: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul_(Physiker)" title="Wolfgang Paul (Physiker)">Paul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Ramsey" title="Norman Ramsey">Ramsey</a> | 1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_Taylor" title="Richard Edward Taylor">R. E. Taylor</a> | 1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a> | 1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a> | 1993: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Hulse" title="Russell Hulse">Hulse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor,_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.">J. H. Taylor</a> | 1994: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a> | 1995: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a> | 1996: <a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">D. M. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dean_Osheroff" title="Douglas Dean Osheroff">Osheroff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. C. Richardson</a> | 1997: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a> | 1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Betts_Laughlin" title="Robert Betts Laughlin">Laughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chee_Tsui" title="Daniel Chee Tsui">Tsui</a> | 1999: <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%E2%80%99t_Hooft" title="Gerard ’t Hooft">’t Hooft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a> | 2000: <a href="/wiki/Schores_Iwanowitsch_Alfjorow" title="Schores Iwanowitsch Alfjorow">Alfjorow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a> | 2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Edwin_Wieman" title="Carl Edwin Wieman">Wieman</a> | 2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_junior" title="Raymond Davis junior">Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a> | 2003: <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Alexejewitsch_Abrikossow" title="Alexei Alexejewitsch Abrikossow">Abrikossow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Witali_Lasarewitsch_Ginsburg" title="Witali Lasarewitsch Ginsburg">Ginsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a> | 2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Politzer" title="David Politzer">Politzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a> | 2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jay_Glauber" title="Roy Jay Glauber">Glauber</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Hall" title="John Lewis Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Hänsch</a> | 2006: <a href="/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather">Mather</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a> | 2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a> | 2008: <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Nambu" title="Yōichirō Nambu">Nambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(Physiker)" title="Makoto Kobayashi (Physiker)">Kobayashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Masukawa" title="Toshihide Masukawa">Maskawa</a> | 2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kuen_Kao" title="Charles Kuen Kao">Kao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Elwood_Smith" title="George Elwood Smith">Smith</a> | 2010: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a> | 2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_P._Schmidt" title="Brian P. Schmidt">Schmidt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> | 2012: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">Wineland</a> | 2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a> | 2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a> | 2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_McDonald" title="Arthur McDonald">McDonald</a> | 2016: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a>, <a href="/wiki/F._Duncan_M._Haldane" title="F. Duncan M. Haldane">Haldane</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a> | 2017: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> | 2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a> | 2019: <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">Peebles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a> | 2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a> | 2021: <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> | 2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a> | 2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%E2%80%99Huillier" title="Anne L’Huillier">L’Huillier</a> | 2024: <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-p" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Normdaten (Person): <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119008513">119008513</a></span> <span class="noprint">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lobid.org/gnd/119008513">lobid</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?retrace=0&trm_old=&ACT=SRCHA&IKT=2999&SRT=RLV&TRM=119008513">OGND</a><span class="metadata">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/119008513">AKS</a></span>)</span> | <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n79132028">n79132028</a></span> | <a href="/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" title="Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00434351">00434351</a></span> | <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/73971362/">73971362</a></span> | <span class="noprint"><a class="external text" href="https://persondata.toolforge.org/p/Percy_Williams_Bridgman">Wikipedia-Personensuche</a></span><span class="metadata"></span></div> </div></div> <table class="metadata rahmenfarbe1" id="Vorlage_Personendaten" style="border-style: solid; margin-top: 20px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hilfe:Personendaten" title="Hilfe:Personendaten">Personendaten</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">NAME </td> <td style="font-weight: bold;">Bridgman, Percy Williams </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">KURZBESCHREIBUNG </td> <td>US-amerikanischer Physiker, Nobelpreisträger </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">GEBURTSDATUM </td> <td>21. April 1882 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">GEBURTSORT </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(Massachusetts)" title="Cambridge (Massachusetts)">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">STERBEDATUM </td> <td>20. August 1961 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">STERBEORT </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Randolph_(New_Hampshire)" title="Randolph (New Hampshire)">Randolph</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Abgerufen von „<a dir="ltr" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&oldid=241738856">https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&oldid=241738856</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorien" title="Wikipedia:Kategorien">Kategorien</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Physiker_(20._Jahrhundert)" title="Kategorie:Physiker (20. 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ويليامز بريجمان – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيرسي ويليامز بريجمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%89_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بيرسى ويليامز بريجمان – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيرسى ويليامز بريجمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persi_Bricmen" title="Persi Bricmen – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Persi Bricmen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86" title="پرسی ویلیام بریجمن – Südaserbaidschanisch" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پرسی ویلیام بریجمن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="Südaserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96_%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Персі Уільямс Брыджмен – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Персі Уільямс Брыджмен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пърси Уилямс Бриджман – Bulgarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пърси Уилямс Бриджман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পার্সি উইলিয়াম্‌স ব্রিজম্যান – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পার্সি উইলিয়াম্‌স ব্রিজম্যান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پێرسی ویلیامز بریجمان – Zentralkurdisch" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێرسی ویلیامز بریجمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Zentralkurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_W._Bridgman" title="Percy W. Bridgman – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Percy W. Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AD%CF%81%CF%83%CE%B9_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Πέρσι Γουίλλιαμς Μπρίντγκμαν – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πέρσι Γουίλλιαμς Μπρίντγκμαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Estnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86" title="پرسی ویلیام بریجمن – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرسی ویلیام بریجمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Irisch" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%92%27%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="פרסי ברידג'מן – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרסי ברידג'מן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्सी विलियम्स ब्रिजमन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पर्सी विलियम्स ब्रिजमन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Haiti-Kreolisch" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti-Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BD_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Պերսի Ուիլյամս Բրիջմեն – Armenisch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պերսի Ուիլյամս Բրիջմեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="パーシー・ブリッジマン – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パーシー・ブリッジマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Перси Уильямс Бриджмен – Kasachisch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Перси Уильямс Бриджмен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasachisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8D%BC%EC%8B%9C_%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80%EB%A8%BC" title="퍼시 윌리엄스 브리지먼 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퍼시 윌리엄스 브리지먼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Kurdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_W._Bridgman" title="Percy W. Bridgman – Latein" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Percy W. Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persijs_Viljamss_Brid%C5%BEmens" title="Persijs Viljamss Bridžmens – Lettisch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Persijs Viljamss Bridžmens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%9F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Перси Вилијамс Бриџмен – Mazedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Перси Вилијамс Бриџмен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्सी विल्यम्स ब्रिजमन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पर्सी विल्यम्स ब्रिजमन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86" title="پرسی ویلیام بریجمن – Masanderanisch" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پرسی ویلیام بریجمن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्सी दबल्यु बृजम्यान – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पर्सी दबल्यु बृजम्यान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Okzitanisch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪਰਸੀ ਵਿਲੀਅਮਜ਼ ਬਰਿੱਜਮੈਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਰਸੀ ਵਿਲੀਅਮਜ਼ ਬਰਿੱਜਮੈਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پرسی برجمین – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پرسی برجمین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Бриджмен, Перси Уильямс – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бриджмен, Перси Уильямс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्सी ब्रिजमन – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पर्सी ब्रिजमन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Schottisch" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schottisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Slowakisch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%9F%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Перси Вилијамс Бриџман – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перси Вилијамс Бриџман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_W._Bridgman" title="Percy W. Bridgman – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Percy W. Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Bridgman" title="Percy Bridgman – Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Percy Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Bridgman" title="Percy Bridgman – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Percy Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D2%97%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Перси Вильямс Бриҗман – Tatarisch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Перси Вильямс Бриҗман" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Персі Бріджмен – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Персі Бріджмен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پرسی ولیم برج مین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پرسی ولیم برج مین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Usbekisch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbekisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Vietnamesisch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%80%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%E6%9B%BC" title="珀西·布里奇曼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="珀西·布里奇曼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პერსი უილიამს ბრიჯმენი – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პერსი უილიამს ბრიჯმენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Percy Williams Bridgman" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%80%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%E6%9B%BC" title="珀西·布里奇曼 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="珀西·布里奇曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%80%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%83%E7%83%88%E6%B2%BB%E6%9B%BC" title="珀斯布烈治曼 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="珀斯布烈治曼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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