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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-What_is_synthesis?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#What_is_synthesis?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>What is synthesis?</span> 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class="mw-page-title-namespace">Template</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Synthesis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="قالب:استخلاص دون مصدر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قالب:استخلاص دون مصدر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F:Synthesis" title="টেমপ্লেট:Synthesis – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টেমপ্লেট:Synthesis" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Synthesis" title="Template:Synthesis – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Template:Synthesis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88:Synthesis" title="الگو:Synthesis – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الگو:Synthesis" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Synth%C3%A8se_in%C3%A9dite" title="Modèle:Synthèse inédite – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Modèle:Synthèse inédite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templat:Sintesis" title="Templat:Sintesis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Templat:Sintesis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%81:Synthesis" title="ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Synthesis – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Synthesis" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templat:Synthesis" title="Templat:Synthesis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Templat:Synthesis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:Synthesis" title="සැකිල්ල:Synthesis – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සැකිල්ල:Synthesis" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81:Synthesis" title="வார்ப்புரு:Synthesis – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வார்ப்புரு:Synthesis" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Synthesis" title="మూస:Synthesis – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మూస:Synthesis" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:T%E1%BB%95ng_h%E1%BB%A3p" title="Bản mẫu:Tổng hợp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bản mẫu:Tổng hợp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14446151#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-template" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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<div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8538344">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-Synthesis plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_question.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ambox_question.svg/40px-Ambox_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ambox_question.svg/60px-Ambox_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ambox_question.svg/80px-Ambox_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article or section <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Synthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Synthesis">synthesis of several sources</a> that reaches ideas or messages <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">not found</a> in the original sources.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> See the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Synthesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Synthesis (not yet started)">talk page</a> for details.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724233">.mw-parser-output .documentation,.mw-parser-output .documentation-metadata{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#ecfcf4;clear:both}.mw-parser-output .documentation{margin:1em 0 0 0;padding:1em}.mw-parser-output .documentation-metadata{margin:0.2em 0;font-style:italic;padding:0.4em 1em}.mw-parser-output .documentation-startbox{padding-bottom:3px;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin-bottom:1ex}.mw-parser-output .documentation-heading{font-weight:bold;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .documentation-clear{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .documentation-toolbar{font-style:normal;font-size:85%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .documentation,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .documentation-metadata{background-color:#0b1e1c}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .documentation,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .documentation-metadata{background-color:#0b1e1c}}</style><div class="documentation-container" role="complementary" aria-labelledby="documentation-heading"> <div class="documentation"> <div class="documentation-startbox"> <span class="documentation-heading" id="documentation-heading"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/50px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/75px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/100px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> Template documentation</span><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks">[<a href="/wiki/Template:Synthesis/doc" title="Template:Synthesis/doc">view</a>] [<a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Synthesis/doc" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Synthesis/doc">edit</a>] [<a href="/wiki/Special:PageHistory/Template:Synthesis/doc" title="Special:PageHistory/Template:Synthesis/doc">history</a>] [<a href="/wiki/Special:Purge/Template:Synthesis" title="Special:Purge/Template:Synthesis">purge</a>]</span></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="What_is_synthesis?"><span id="What_is_synthesis.3F"></span>What is synthesis?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Synthesis/doc&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section's source code: What is synthesis?"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Synthesis is combining material from multiple sources to reach or imply an idea or conclusion not stated word-for-word by any of the sources used. If one reliable source says A, and another reliable source says B, do not join A and B together to imply a conclusion C that is not mentioned by either of the sources. This would be a synthesis of published material to advance a new position, which is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:OR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:OR">original research</a>. "A and B, therefore C" is acceptable only if a reliable source has published the same argument in relation to the topic of the article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Using_this_template">Using this template</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Synthesis/doc&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section's source code: Using this template"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The default words "article or section" and the topic are both replaceable: </p> <ul><li>For the whole article, copy and paste:</li></ul> <dl><dd><code>{{Synthesis|<b>article</b>|date=<nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}</code></dd></dl> <ul><li>For a section within the article, use:</li></ul> <dl><dd><code>{{Synthesis|<b>section</b>|date=<nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}</code></dd></dl> <ul><li>If it's just a few sentences, consider using the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Syn" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Syn">syn</a>}}</code> template instead, by attaching it to the end of the problematic statements.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Links_to_the_talk_page">Links to the talk page</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Synthesis/doc&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section's source code: Links to the talk page"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If the section of the talk page for discussing it is named, use the parameter <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|talksection=</code>. For example: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{Synthesis|article|date=<nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|<b>talksection=Synthesis debate</b>}}</code></dd></dl> <p>If no <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|talksection=</code> parameter is used, the link will go to a talk-page section named "Synthesis" if one exists, otherwise it will simply direct the reader to the talk page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dating_the_tag">Dating the tag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Synthesis/doc&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section's source code: Dating the tag"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|date=</code> parameter can also be used to inform other editors of the time the tag has been in place. This template will categorise articles into <a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research">Category:Articles that may contain original research</a> according to the date given in this parameter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Synthesis/doc&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Syn" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Syn">syn</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> — the inline version of this template</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Original_research" title="Template:Original research">Original research</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> — for material not found in sources</li></ul> <div class="documentation-clear"></div> </div> <div role="note" class="documentation-metadata plainlinks">The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">documentation</a> on top is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/Template:Synthesis/doc" title="Template:Synthesis/doc">Template:Synthesis/doc</a>. <span class="documentation-toolbar">(<a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Synthesis/doc" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Synthesis/doc">edit</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:PageHistory/Template:Synthesis/doc" title="Special:PageHistory/Template:Synthesis/doc">history</a>)</span><br />Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox <span class="documentation-toolbar">(<a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Synthesis/sandbox&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADocumentation%2Fpreload-sandbox">create</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Synthesis/sandbox&preload=Template%3ADocumentation%2Fmirror&action=edit&summary=Create+sandbox+version+of+%5B%5BTemplate%3ASynthesis%5D%5D">mirror</a>)</span> and testcases <span class="documentation-toolbar">(<a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Synthesis/testcases&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADocumentation%2Fpreload-testcases">create</a>)</span> pages.<br />Add categories to the <a href="/wiki/Template:Synthesis/doc" title="Template:Synthesis/doc">/doc</a> subpage. <a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Synthesis/" title="Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Synthesis/">Subpages of this template</a>.</div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Synthesis&oldid=3828860">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Synthesis&oldid=3828860</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Citation_and_verifiability_maintenance_templates" title="Category:Citation and verifiability maintenance templates">Citation and verifiability maintenance templates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Templates_with_categories" title="Category:Templates with categories">Templates with categories</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Article_message_templates" title="Category:Article message templates">Article message templates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Exclude_in_print" title="Category:Exclude in print">Exclude in print</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 3 September 2012, at 22:49.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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