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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>Randian hero</b> is a ubiquitous figure in the fiction of 20th-century novelist and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a>, most famously in the figures of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fountainhead" title="The Fountainhead">The Fountainhead</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Howard_Roark" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Roark">Howard Roark</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged" title="Atlas Shrugged">Atlas Shrugged</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/John_Galt" title="John Galt">John Galt</a>. Rand's self-declared purpose in writing fiction was to project an "ideal man"—a man who perseveres to achieve his values, and only his values.<sup id="cite_ref-w5_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g8_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g8-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophical_foundation">Philosophical foundation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randian_hero&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Philosophical foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Objectivist_ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Objectivist ethics">Objectivist ethics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romantic_realism" title="Romantic realism">Romantic realism</a></div> <p>As a conception of the ideal man, the Randian hero has much in common with <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>'s conception of <i>agathos</i>, in that both are morally heroic and heroically rational.<sup id="cite_ref-w5_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The philosophers share a similar <a href="/wiki/Ethical_naturalism" title="Ethical naturalism">naturalist/objectivist</a> <a href="/wiki/Meta-ethical" class="mw-redirect" title="Meta-ethical">meta-ethical</a> perspective emphasizing <a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">character as the primary determinant of moral worth</a>, and possess a fundamentally <i>heroic</i> attitude towards life.<sup id="cite_ref-w5_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-w4_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Randian hero exemplifies <a href="/wiki/Ethical_egoism" title="Ethical egoism">ethical egoism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Normative_ethics" title="Normative ethics">normative ethical</a> position that the rational self-interest of the individual ought to be the basis for moral action.<sup id="cite_ref-w5_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The specific virtues of the Randian hero, like the Aristotelian ideal, are created from <a href="/wiki/Rationality" title="Rationality">rationality</a>, the primary virtue; rationality is the hero's basic tool of survival, to be exercised at all times.<sup id="cite_ref-w8_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w8-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary value, the "highest moral purpose", is happiness (cf. <i><a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">eudaimonia</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-w8_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w8-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For an ideal man, according to this philosophy, happiness is achieved through the accomplishment of his goals, goals chosen because of his values, values he finds through logic. Rand frequently declared her motive and purpose in writing to be "the projection of an ideal man";<sup id="cite_ref-g8_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g8-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all of her <a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">protagonists</a> are heroes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randian_hero&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The archetype of the Randian hero is the creative <a href="/wiki/Individualist" class="mw-redirect" title="Individualist">individualist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hnn_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hnn-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Rand rejected the notion that individuals have <a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">duty</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> towards one another, her heroes are marked by an essential generosity, for the reason that they act out of compassion and empathy rather than guilt.<sup id="cite_ref-hnn_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hnn-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rand's fiction displays a self-consciously <a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Promethean</a> sense of life, declaring through her characters the heroic value of self-assertion in the face of the established order.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Generally a Randian hero is characterized by radical individualism, moral resolution, intelligence/aptitude, self-control, emotional discipline, and (frequently, but not always) attractive physical characteristics in the eyes of other Randian heroes. Rand's heroes are tall, strong and upright; the females share slender figures, defiant stances and the impression of internal calmness, while the males are physically hard and supple, often with gray eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Tuccille" title="Jerome Tuccille">Jerome Tuccille</a> described <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> as physically exemplifying the Randian hero—"tall, blond, clear-eyed, ruggedly handsome and well-built".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> philosopher <a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Slavoj Žižek</a> situates the Randian hero in Rand's fiction in the "standard masculine narrative" of the conflict between the exceptional, creative individual (the Master) and the undifferentiated conformist crowd.<sup id="cite_ref-z7_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He does not consider the Randian hero to be <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phallocratic" class="extiw" title="wikt:phallocratic">phallocratic</a>, arguing that these "upright, uncompromising masculine figures with a will of steel" in effect emerge as the feminine <a href="/wiki/Subject_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject (philosophy)">subject</a> liberated from the hysteria of entanglement in the desire of the <a href="/wiki/Other_(philosophy)" title="Other (philosophy)">Other</a> to a "being of pure drive" indifferent towards it.<sup id="cite_ref-z7_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Author Stephen Newman compares the Randian hero to the concept of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbermensch" title="Übermensch">Übermensch</a> created by philosopher <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>, saying that "the Randian hero is really Nietzsche's superman in the guise of the entrepreneur".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specific_instances">Specific instances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randian_hero&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Specific instances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the archetype of the Randian hero appears in Rand's earliest work (notably in <i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_January_16th" title="Night of January 16th">Night of January 16th</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Bjorn Faulkner and <i><a href="/wiki/We_the_Living" title="We the Living">We the Living</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Leo Kovalensky),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its best known examples appear in Rand's mature work, specifically from the novella <i><a href="/wiki/Anthem_(novella)" title="Anthem (novella)">Anthem</a></i> (1938) onward. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anthem"><i>Anthem</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randian_hero&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Anthem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: Critical commentary on relationship with later characters.. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Randian_hero&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Anthem</i>, set in a dystopian future where free will has been eliminated and individual excellence is considered a disease, is told through the eyes of Equality 7–2521, a man with a quick and inquisitive mind who is forced by the leaders of his collectivist society to work as a street sweeper.<sup id="cite_ref-g9_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g9-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Witnessing a rebel being burned at the stake, Equality recognizes a common spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In defiance of the edicts followed by his fellows, he manages to rediscover <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a>, a technology that had been lost by the dystopian society of the story. He and his lover flee the collectivist society, renaming each other "The Unconquered" and "The Golden One" respectively, and together they build a stronghold of individualism from which they and like-minded individuals can begin their struggle for freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-g9_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g9-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Fountainhead"><i>The Fountainhead</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randian_hero&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Fountainhead"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ayn Rand created the Randian hero in earnest in the character of Howard Roark in <i>The Fountainhead</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An architect, Roark conflicts with his profession's establishment on multiple occasions. The early stages of the novel begin with Roark being expelled from university because he refused to design in traditional styles. Throughout his career, he refuses to design according to any vision apart from his own. The architects' professional body scorns him for not paying "proper respect" to tradition, yet in the end, he triumphs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atlas_Shrugged"><i>Atlas Shrugged</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randian_hero&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Atlas Shrugged"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The protagonist of <i>Atlas Shrugged</i> is <a href="/wiki/Dagny_Taggart" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagny Taggart">Dagny Taggart</a>, described by Rand as "the feminine Roark".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Atlas Shrugged</i> introduces several Randian heroes, both in the backstory and in the primary narrative. In the story, they personify the intellect—their withdrawal from the world under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/John_Galt" title="John Galt">John Galt</a> parallels the world's gradual collapse. </p><p>In considering the character of Dagny Taggart as Randian hero, scholar Edward Younkins remarked that while she evoked passion and admiration, she was inspirational rather than motivational.<sup id="cite_ref-ynkns_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ynkns-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Younkins found the concept of the Randian hero appealing, but out of reach for someone without Taggart's clear context for action. Rand's novels depict a world where anyone can be excellent out of choice alone, which Younkins argued was in tension "with the knowledge that we do not transcend our context … and that context is almost always owned by the crowd".<sup id="cite_ref-ynkns_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ynkns-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_and_criticism">Influence and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randian_hero&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Influence and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Rand's fiction and non-academic philosophical works became popular especially in the 1980s, her fans would often claim that attributes of these heroes could be found in themselves, or should be. </p><p>Early <a href="/wiki/Self-esteem" title="Self-esteem">self-esteem</a> psychologist <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Branden" title="Nathaniel Branden">Nathaniel Branden</a>, the most prominent of Rand's initial adopters, later renounced aspects of objectivist literature and acknowledged "the accusation that we are against feelings, against emotions" as well as other criticisms of such a celebration of ultra-rationalism being dangerous: </p> <dl><dd>If, in page after page of <i>The Fountainhead</i> and <i>Atlas Shrugged</i>, you show someone being heroic by ruthlessly setting feelings aside, and if you show someone being rotten and depraved by, in effect, diving headlong into his feelings and emotions, and if that is one of your dominant methods of characterization, repeated again and again, then it doesn't matter what you profess, in abstract philosophy, about the relationship of reason and emotion. You have taught people: repress, repress, repress.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randian_hero&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_hero" title="Romantic hero">Romantic hero</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randian_hero&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-w5-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-w5_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w5_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w5_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w5_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheeler1986">Wheeler 1986</a>, pp. 95–96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g8-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g8_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g8_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGladstein1999">Gladstein 1999</a>, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w4-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-w4_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheeler1986">Wheeler 1986</a>, p. 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w8-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-w8_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w8_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheeler1986">Wheeler 1986</a>, p. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGladstein1999">Gladstein 1999</a>, p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hnn-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hnn_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hnn_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKlinghoffer2009" class="citation news cs1">Klinghoffer, Judith Apter (January 19, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hnn.us/articles/60024.html">"Le Monde Diplomatique Discovers Ayn Rand"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/History_News_Network" title="History News Network">History News Network</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+News+Network&rft.atitle=Le+Monde+Diplomatique+Discovers+Ayn+Rand&rft.date=2009-01-19&rft.aulast=Klinghoffer&rft.aufirst=Judith+Apter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hnn.us%2Farticles%2F60024.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARandian+hero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRand1982" class="citation book cs1">Rand, Ayn (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philosophywhonee00rand"><i>Philosophy: Who Needs it</i></a>. Bobbs-Merrill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-672-52725-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-672-52725-1"><bdi>0-672-52725-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy%3A+Who+Needs+it&rft.pub=Bobbs-Merrill&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-672-52725-1&rft.aulast=Rand&rft.aufirst=Ayn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphilosophywhonee00rand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARandian+hero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGladstein1999">Gladstein 1999</a>, p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCody1973">Cody 1973</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGladstein1999">Gladstein 1999</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuccille2002">Tuccille 2002</a>, pp. 116–117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-z7-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-z7_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-z7_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFŽižek1998">Žižek 1998</a>, pp. 107–108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewman1984">Newman 1984</a>, p. 26)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGladstein1999">Gladstein 1999</a>, p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSirota2002" class="citation news cs1">Sirota, Joseph (January 17, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocweekly.com/2002-01-17/culture/feeling-randian/">"Feeling Randian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/OC_Weekly" title="OC Weekly">OC Weekly</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Village_Voice_Media" title="Village Voice Media">Village Voice Media</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OC+Weekly&rft.atitle=Feeling+Randian&rft.date=2002-01-17&rft.aulast=Sirota&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocweekly.com%2F2002-01-17%2Fculture%2Ffeeling-randian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARandian+hero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g9-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g9_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g9_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGladstein1999">Gladstein 1999</a>, p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGladstein1999">Gladstein 1999</a>, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSciabarra1995">Sciabarra 1995</a>, p. 109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Paxton, Michael (Director) (1997). <i><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand:_A_Sense_of_Life" title="Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life">Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life</a></i> (Documentary film).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ayn+Rand%3A+A+Sense+of+Life&rft.date=1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARandian+hero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ynkns-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ynkns_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ynkns_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYounkins2007">Younkins 2007</a>, p. 249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNathaniel_Branden" class="citation web cs1">Nathaniel Branden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717195811/http://mol.redbarn.org/objectivism/Writing/NathanielBranden/BenefitsAndHazards.html">"The Benefits and Hazards of the Philosophy of Ayn Rand: A Personal Statement"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mol.redbarn.org/objectivism/Writing/NathanielBranden/BenefitsAndHazards.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Benefits+and+Hazards+of+the+Philosophy+of+Ayn+Rand%3A+A+Personal+Statement&rft.au=Nathaniel+Branden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmol.redbarn.org%2Fobjectivism%2FWriting%2FNathanielBranden%2FBenefitsAndHazards.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARandian+hero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randian_hero&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGladstein1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mimi_Reisel_Gladstein" title="Mimi Reisel Gladstein">Gladstein, Mimi</a> (1999). <i>The New Ayn Rand Companion</i>. Westport: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Press">Greenwood Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-30321-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-30321-5"><bdi>0-313-30321-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Ayn+Rand+Companion&rft.place=Westport&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-313-30321-5&rft.aulast=Gladstein&rft.aufirst=Mimi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARandian+hero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCody1973" class="citation journal cs1">Cody, John (November 1973). "Ayn Rand's Promethean Heroes". <i><a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason</a></i> (5): <span class="nowrap">30–</span>35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reason&rft.atitle=Ayn+Rand%27s+Promethean+Heroes&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.date=1973-11&rft.aulast=Cody&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARandian+hero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNewman1984" class="citation book cs1">Newman, Stephen (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/liberalismatwits0000newm"><i>Liberalism at Wits' End</i></a></span>. Ithaca: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-1747-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-1747-3"><bdi>0-8014-1747-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberalism+at+Wits%27+End&rft.place=Ithaca&rft.pub=Cornell+University&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8014-1747-3&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fliberalismatwits0000newm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARandian+hero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSciabarra1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Matthew_Sciabarra" title="Chris Matthew Sciabarra">Sciabarra, Chris Matthew</a> (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aynrandrussianra0000scia"><i>Ayn Rand</i></a></span>. University Park: <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania State University Press">Pennsylvania State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-271-01441-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-271-01441-5"><bdi>0-271-01441-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ayn+Rand&rft.place=University+Park&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-271-01441-5&rft.aulast=Sciabarra&rft.aufirst=Chris+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faynrandrussianra0000scia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARandian+hero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTuccille2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Tuccille" title="Jerome Tuccille">Tuccille, Jerome</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alanshruggedlife00tucc"><i>Alan Shrugged</i></a>. New York: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-39906-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-39906-X"><bdi>0-471-39906-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alan+Shrugged&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-471-39906-X&rft.aulast=Tuccille&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falanshruggedlife00tucc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARandian+hero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWheeler1986" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Jack (1986). "Rand and Aristotle: A Comparison of Objectivist and Aristotelian Ethics". In <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Den_Uyl" title="Douglas Den Uyl">Den Uyl, Douglas J.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Douglas_B._Rasmussen" title="Douglas B. Rasmussen">Rasmussen, Douglas B.</a> (eds.). <i>The Philosophic Thought of Ayn Rand</i>. Urbana: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press" title="University of Illinois Press">University of Illinois Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-01407-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-01407-3"><bdi>0-252-01407-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9392804">9392804</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rand+and+Aristotle%3A+A+Comparison+of+Objectivist+and+Aristotelian+Ethics&rft.btitle=The+Philosophic+Thought+of+Ayn+Rand&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9392804&rft.isbn=0-252-01407-3&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARandian+hero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYounkins2007" class="citation book cs1">Younkins, Edward (2007). <i>Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged</i>. Aldershot: <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5549-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5549-7"><bdi>978-0-7546-5549-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ayn+Rand%27s+Atlas+Shrugged&rft.place=Aldershot&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-5549-7&rft.aulast=Younkins&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARandian+hero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFŽižek1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek, Slavoj</a> (1998). <i>Cogito and the Unconscious</i>. Durham: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-2097-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-2097-5"><bdi>0-8223-2097-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cogito+and+the+Unconscious&rft.place=Durham&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8223-2097-5&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARandian+hero" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Ayn_Rand" title="Template:Ayn Rand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ayn_Rand" title="Template talk:Ayn Rand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ayn_Rand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ayn Rand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ayn_Rand52" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Ayn_Rand_and_Objectivism" title="Bibliography of Ayn Rand and Objectivism">Bibliography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/We_the_Living" title="We the Living">We the Living</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthem_(novella)" title="Anthem (novella)">Anthem</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fountainhead" title="The Fountainhead">The Fountainhead</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged" title="Atlas Shrugged">Atlas Shrugged</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ideal_(novel)" title="Ideal (novel)">Ideal</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nonfiction books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/For_the_New_Intellectual" title="For the New Intellectual">For the New Intellectual</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Objectivist_Epistemology" title="Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology">Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Fiction:_A_Guide_for_Writers_and_Readers" title="The Art of Fiction: A Guide for Writers and Readers">The Art of Fiction</a></i> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collected essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Virtue_of_Selfishness" title="The Virtue of Selfishness">The Virtue of Selfishness</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capitalism:_The_Unknown_Ideal" title="Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal">Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Romantic_Manifesto" title="The Romantic Manifesto">The Romantic Manifesto</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Left:_The_Anti-Industrial_Revolution" title="The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution">The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philosophy:_Who_Needs_It" title="Philosophy: Who Needs It">Philosophy: Who Needs It</a></i> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Pawn" title="Red Pawn">Red Pawn</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Letters_(1945_film)" title="Love Letters (1945 film)">Love Letters</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/You_Came_Along" title="You Came Along">You Came Along</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fountainhead_(film)" title="The Fountainhead (film)"><i>The Fountainhead</i></a> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_January_16th" title="Night of January 16th">Night of January 16th</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ideal_(play)" title="Ideal (play)">Ideal</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unconquered_(1940_play)" title="The Unconquered (1940 play)">The Unconquered</a></i> (1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Early_Ayn_Rand" title="The Early Ayn Rand">The Early Ayn Rand</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_of_Ayn_Rand" title="Letters of Ayn Rand">Letters of Ayn Rand</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_Ayn_Rand" title="Journals of Ayn Rand">Journals of Ayn Rand</a></i> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_5-3000" title="Liberty 5-3000">Liberty 5-3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlas_Shrugged_characters" title="List of Atlas Shrugged characters">List of <i>Atlas Shrugged</i> characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Galt" title="John Galt">John Galt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Night_of_January_16th_(film)" title="The Night of January 16th (film)"><i>The Night of January 16th</i></a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_the_Living_(film)" title="We the Living (film)"><i>We the Living</i></a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fountainhead_(film)" title="The Fountainhead (film)"><i>The Fountainhead</i></a> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gawaahi" title="Gawaahi">Gawaahi</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged_(film_series)" title="Atlas Shrugged (film series)"><i>Atlas Shrugged</i> (film series)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged:_Part_I" title="Atlas Shrugged: Part I"><i>Part I</i></a> (2011), <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged:_Part_II" title="Atlas Shrugged: Part II"><i>Part II</i></a> (2012), <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged_Part_III:_Who_Is_John_Galt%3F" title="Atlas Shrugged Part III: Who Is John Galt?"><i>Part III</i></a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unconquered_(1940_play)" title="The Unconquered (1940 play)">The Unconquered</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fountainhead_(play)" title="The Fountainhead (play)">The Fountainhead</a></i> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_homosexuality" title="Objectivism and homosexuality">Objectivism and homosexuality</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Randian hero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Ayn_Rand_Studies" title="The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies">The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand_Institute" title="Ayn Rand Institute">Ayn Rand Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivist_movement" title="Objectivist movement">Objectivist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivist_periodicals" title="Objectivist periodicals">Objectivist periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand_and_the_World_She_Made" title="Ayn Rand and the World She Made">Ayn Rand and the World She Made</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand:_A_Sense_of_Life" title="Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life">Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand:_The_Russian_Radical" title="Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical">Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ayn_Rand_Cult" title="The Ayn Rand Cult">The Ayn Rand Cult</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goddess_of_the_Market" title="Goddess of the Market">Goddess of the Market</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgment_Day:_My_Years_with_Ayn_Rand" title="Judgment Day: My Years with Ayn Rand"><i>Judgment Day</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_Ayn_Rand" title="The Passion of Ayn Rand">The Passion of Ayn Rand</a></i> (book)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_Ayn_Rand_(film)" title="The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)"><i>The Passion of Ayn Rand</i></a> (film)</li> <li><i><a 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