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Daniel 8:10 It grew as high as the host of heaven, and it cast down some of the host and some of the stars to the earth, and trampled them.
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And some of the host and some of the stars it threw down to the ground and trampled on them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/daniel/8.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />It grew as high as the host of heaven, and it cast down some of the host and some of the stars to the earth, and trampled them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/daniel/8.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />And it waxed great, <i>even</i> to the host of heaven; and it cast down <i>some</i> of the host and of the stars to the ground, and stamped upon them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/daniel/8.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />And it grew up to the host of heaven; and it cast down <i>some</i> of the host and <i>some</i> of the stars to the ground, and trampled them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/daniel/8.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />It grew up to the heavenly lights, and some of the lights, that is, some of the stars it threw down to the earth, and it trampled them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/daniel/8.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />It grew up to the host of heaven and caused some of the host and some of the stars to fall to the earth, and it trampled them down.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/daniel/8.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />And it grew up to the host of heaven and caused some of the host and some of the stars to fall to the earth, and it trampled them down.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/daniel/8.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />Then it grew up to the host of heaven and caused some of the host and some of the stars to fall to the earth, and it trampled them down.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/daniel/8.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />And [in my vision] this horn grew up to the host of heaven, and caused some of the host and some of the stars to fall to the earth, and it trampled on them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/daniel/8.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />It grew as high as the heavenly army, made some of the army and some of the stars fall to the earth, and trampled them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/daniel/8.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />It grew as high as the heavenly host, made some of the stars and some of the host fall to the earth, and trampled them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/daniel/8.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and some of the host and of the stars it cast down to the ground, and trampled upon them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/daniel/8.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />It became so strong that it attacked the stars in the sky, which were heaven's army. Then it threw some of them down to the earth and trampled on them. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/daniel/8.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and some of the host and of the stars it cast down to the ground, and trampled upon them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/daniel/8.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />It continued to gain power until it reached the army of heaven. It threw some of the army of heaven, the stars, down on the ground and trampled them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/daniel/8.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />It grew strong enough to attack the army of heaven, the stars themselves, and it threw some of them to the ground and trampled on them. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/daniel/8.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />Then it moved against the Heavenly Army. It persuaded some of the Heavenly Army to fall to the earth, along with some of the stars, and it trampled them. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/daniel/8.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />It grew as high as the host of heaven, and it cast down some of the host and some of the stars to the earth, and trampled them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/daniel/8.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />It grew so big it reached the army of heaven, and it brought about the fall of some of the army and some of the stars to the ground, where it trampled them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/daniel/8.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />It grew so great that it reached to the host of heaven, and some of the host and of the stars it cast down to the ground, and trampled on them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/daniel/8.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And it grew great, even to the host of heaven; and it cast down some of the host and of the stars to the ground, and stamped upon them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/daniel/8.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />It grew great, even to the army of the sky; and it cast down some of the army and of the stars to the ground and trampled on them. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/daniel/8.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />indeed, it exerts to the host of the heavens, and causes to fall to the earth of the host, and of the stars, and tramples them down.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/daniel/8.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> yea, it exerteth unto the host of the heavens, and causeth to fall to the earth of the host, and of the stars, and trampleth them down.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/daniel/8.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And it will be great even to the army of the heavens; and it will cast to the earth from the army, and from the stars, and it will tread them down.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/daniel/8.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />And it was magnified even unto the strength of heaven: and it threw down of the strength, and of the stars, and trod upon them. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/daniel/8.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />And it was magnified even towards the strength of heaven, and it threw down those of the strength and of the stars, and it trampled them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/daniel/8.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />It grew even to the host of heaven, so that it cast down to earth some of the host and some of the stars and trampled on them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/daniel/8.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />It grew as high as the host of heaven. It threw down to the earth some of the host and some of the stars, and trampled on them.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/daniel/8.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and it cast down some of the host and of the stars to the ground and stamped upon them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/daniel/8.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And it grew unto the army of Heaven and it threw down on the Earth and some of the army and some of the stars and it stomped them<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/daniel/8.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and some of the host and of the stars it cast down to the ground, and trampled upon them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/daniel/8.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />and it magnified itself to the host of heaven; and there fell to the earth <i>some</i> of the host of heaven and of the stars, and they trampled on them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/daniel/8-10.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/shUZJK-vYxI?start=2931" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/daniel/8.htm">Daniel's Vision of the Ram and the Goat</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">9</span>From one of these horns a little horn emerged and grew extensively toward the south and the east and toward the Beautiful Land. <span class="reftext">10</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/1431.htm" title="1431: wat·tiḡ·dal (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs) -- To grow up, become great. A primitive root; properly, to twist, i.e. To be large.">It grew as high</a> <a href="/hebrew/5704.htm" title="5704: ‘aḏ- (Prep) -- As far as, even to, up to, until, while. Properly, the same as ad; as far as, whether of space or time or degree.">as</a> <a href="/hebrew/6635.htm" title="6635: ṣə·ḇā (N-csc) -- Or tsbadah; from tsaba'; a mass of persons, especially reg. Organized for war; by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively.">the host</a> <a href="/hebrew/8064.htm" title="8064: haš·šā·mā·yim (Art:: N-mp) -- Heaven, sky. Dual of an unused singular shameh; from an unused root meaning to be lofty; the sky.">of heaven,</a> <a href="/hebrew/5307.htm" title="5307: wat·tap·pêl (Conj-w:: V-Hifil-ConsecImperf-3fs) -- To fall, lie. A primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications.">and it cast down</a> <a href="/hebrew/4480.htm" title="4480: min- (Prep) -- From. Or minniy; or minney; for men; properly, a part of; hence, from or out of in many senses.">some of</a> <a href="/hebrew/6635.htm" title="6635: haṣ·ṣā·ḇā (Art:: N-cs) -- Or tsbadah; from tsaba'; a mass of persons, especially reg. Organized for war; by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively.">the host</a> <a href="/hebrew/4480.htm" title="4480: ū·min- (Conj-w:: Prep) -- From. Or minniy; or minney; for men; properly, a part of; hence, from or out of in many senses.">and some</a> <a href="/hebrew/3556.htm" title="3556: hak·kō·w·ḵā·ḇîm (Art:: N-mp) -- A star. Probably from the same as Kabbown or kavah; a star; figuratively, a prince.">of the stars</a> <a href="/hebrew/776.htm" title="776: ’ar·ṣāh (N-fs:: 3fs) -- Earth, land. From an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth.">to the earth,</a> <a href="/hebrew/7429.htm" title="7429: wat·tir·mə·sêm (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs:: 3mp) -- To trample. A primitive root; to tread upon.">and trampled them.</a> </span><span class="reftext">11</span>It magnified itself, even to the Prince of the host; it removed His daily sacrifice and overthrew the place of His sanctuary.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/12-4.htm">Revelation 12:4</a></span><br />His tail swept a third of the stars from the sky, hurling them to the earth. And the dragon stood before the woman who was about to give birth, ready to devour her child as soon as she gave birth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/14-12.htm">Isaiah 14:12-15</a></span><br />How you have fallen from heaven, O day star, son of the dawn! You have been cut down to the ground, O destroyer of nations. / You said in your heart: “I will ascend to the heavens; I will raise my throne above the stars of God. I will sit on the mount of assembly, in the far reaches of the north. / I will ascend above the tops of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High.” ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/13-7.htm">Revelation 13:7</a></span><br />Then the beast was permitted to wage war against the saints and to conquer them, and it was given authority over every tribe and people and tongue and nation.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/11-2.htm">Revelation 11:2</a></span><br />But exclude the courtyard outside the temple. Do not measure it, because it has been given over to the nations, and they will trample the holy city for 42 months.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/11-7.htm">Revelation 11:7</a></span><br />When the two witnesses have finished their testimony, the beast that comes up from the Abyss will wage war with them, and will overpower and kill them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/17-6.htm">Revelation 17:6</a></span><br />I could see that the woman was drunk with the blood of the saints and witnesses for Jesus. And I was utterly amazed at the sight of her.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/19-19.htm">Revelation 19:19</a></span><br />Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth with their armies assembled to wage war against the One seated on the horse, and against His army.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/24-29.htm">Matthew 24:29</a></span><br />Immediately after the tribulation of those days: ‘The sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.’<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_thessalonians/2-4.htm">2 Thessalonians 2:4</a></span><br />He will oppose and exalt himself above every so-called god or object of worship. So he will seat himself in the temple of God, proclaiming himself to be God.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/luke/10-18.htm">Luke 10:18</a></span><br />So He told them, “I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/28-17.htm">Ezekiel 28:17</a></span><br />Your heart grew proud of your beauty; you corrupted your wisdom because of your splendor; so I cast you to the earth; I made you a spectacle before kings.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/34-4.htm">Isaiah 34:4</a></span><br />All the stars of heaven will be dissolved. The skies will be rolled up like a scroll, and all their stars will fall like withered leaves from the vine, like foliage from the fig tree.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/48-26.htm">Jeremiah 48:26</a></span><br />“Make him drunk, because he has magnified himself against the LORD; so Moab will wallow in his own vomit, and he will also become a laughingstock.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/51-53.htm">Jeremiah 51:53</a></span><br />Even if Babylon ascends to the heavens and fortifies her lofty stronghold, the destroyers I send will come against her,” declares the LORD.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/31-10.htm">Ezekiel 31:10</a></span><br />Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Since it became great in height and set its top among the clouds, and it grew proud on account of its height,</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and it cast down some of the host and of the stars to the ground, and stamped on them.</p><p class="hdg">to the host.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/daniel/8-24.htm">Daniel 8:24,25</a></b></br> And his power shall be mighty, but not by his own power: and he shall destroy wonderfully, and shall prosper, and practise, and shall destroy the mighty and the holy people… </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/daniel/11-28.htm">Daniel 11:28,30,33-36</a></b></br> Then shall he return into his land with great riches; and his heart <i>shall be</i> against the holy covenant; and he shall do <i>exploits</i>, and return to his own land… </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/14-13.htm">Isaiah 14:13</a></b></br> For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north:</p><p class="hdg">and stamped.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/daniel/8-7.htm">Daniel 8:7</a></b></br> And I saw him come close unto the ram, and he was moved with choler against him, and smote the ram, and brake his two horns: and there was no power in the ram to stand before him, but he cast him down to the ground, and stamped upon him: and there was none that could deliver the ram out of his hand.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/daniel/7-7.htm">Daniel 7:7</a></b></br> After this I saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron teeth: it devoured and brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with the feet of it: and it <i>was</i> diverse from all the beasts that <i>were</i> before it; and it had ten horns.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/daniel/4-35.htm">Army</a> <a href="/daniel/8-7.htm">Cast</a> <a href="/daniel/7-16.htm">Caused</a> <a href="/daniel/4-9.htm">Causeth</a> <a href="/daniel/2-40.htm">Crushing</a> <a href="/daniel/8-9.htm">Earth</a> <a href="/daniel/8-9.htm">Exerteth</a> <a href="/daniel/3-15.htm">Fall</a> <a href="/daniel/7-19.htm">Feet</a> <a href="/daniel/8-9.htm">Great</a> <a href="/daniel/8-9.htm">Grew</a> <a href="/daniel/8-7.htm">Ground</a> <a href="/daniel/8-8.htm">Heaven</a> <a href="/daniel/6-27.htm">Heavens</a> <a href="/daniel/8-3.htm">High</a> <a href="/daniel/4-35.htm">Host</a> <a href="/ezekiel/23-34.htm">Pulling</a> <a href="/daniel/4-22.htm">Reached</a> <a href="/daniel/8-8.htm">Sky</a> <a href="/daniel/8-7.htm">Stamped</a> <a href="/isaiah/45-12.htm">Starry</a> <a href="/ezekiel/32-7.htm">Stars</a> <a href="/daniel/6-16.htm">Threw</a> <a href="/daniel/8-7.htm">Trampled</a> <a href="/proverbs/27-7.htm">Trampleth</a> <a href="/daniel/8-9.htm">Waxed</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/daniel/8-11.htm">Army</a> <a href="/daniel/8-11.htm">Cast</a> <a href="/daniel/9-21.htm">Caused</a> <a href="/daniel/8-18.htm">Causeth</a> <a href="/hosea/10-11.htm">Crushing</a> <a href="/daniel/8-12.htm">Earth</a> <a href="/daniel/8-11.htm">Exerteth</a> <a href="/daniel/8-17.htm">Fall</a> <a href="/daniel/8-18.htm">Feet</a> <a href="/daniel/8-11.htm">Great</a> <a href="/jonah/1-11.htm">Grew</a> <a href="/daniel/8-12.htm">Ground</a> <a href="/daniel/9-12.htm">Heaven</a> <a href="/daniel/12-3.htm">Heavens</a> <a href="/daniel/10-11.htm">High</a> <a href="/daniel/8-11.htm">Host</a> <a href="/micah/3-2.htm">Pulling</a> <a href="/daniel/8-23.htm">Reached</a> <a href="/daniel/9-12.htm">Sky</a> <a href="/acts/4-25.htm">Stamped</a> <a href="/zephaniah/1-5.htm">Starry</a> <a href="/daniel/12-3.htm">Stars</a> <a href="/jonah/1-5.htm">Threw</a> <a href="/hosea/5-11.htm">Trampled</a> <a href="/proverbs/27-7.htm">Trampleth</a> <a href="/daniel/11-2.htm">Waxed</a><div class="vheading2">Daniel 8</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/daniel/8-1.htm">Daniel's vision of the ram and he goat.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">13. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/daniel/8-13.htm">The two thousand three hundred days of the suspension of the daily sacrifice.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">15. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/daniel/8-15.htm">Gabriel comforts Daniel, and interprets the vision.</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; 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The Hebrew root for "grew" is "gadal," which conveys the idea of becoming great or magnified. This imagery suggests an expansion of power and influence, reaching towards the "host of heaven." The "host of heaven" often symbolizes celestial beings or the people of God, indicating a challenge against divine authority. Historically, this can be seen as a reference to Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who sought to elevate himself to a god-like status, challenging the worship and authority of the God of Israel.<p><b>and cast down some of the host</b><br />The act of casting down "some of the host" signifies a violent overthrow or suppression. The Hebrew word "shalak" means to throw or hurl down, indicating a forceful action. This can be interpreted as the persecution of the Jewish people, who are often seen as the earthly representation of the heavenly host. Antiochus IV's desecration of the temple and persecution of the Jews during the Maccabean period is a historical fulfillment of this prophecy, where he sought to undermine and destroy the worship of Yahweh.<p><b>and some of the stars to the earth</b><br />The "stars" are often symbolic of leaders or prominent figures within the people of God. The Hebrew word "kokab" for stars can represent those who shine brightly in spiritual leadership. Casting them "to the earth" implies humiliation and defeat. This reflects the historical reality where Antiochus IV targeted Jewish leaders and those who upheld the faith, attempting to extinguish their influence and authority.<p><b>and trampled them</b><br />The imagery of trampling suggests utter defeat and desecration. The Hebrew root "ramas" means to tread upon, indicating a complete subjugation and disrespect. This phrase captures the brutal oppression faced by the Jewish people under Antiochus IV, who not only sought to defeat them physically but also to crush their spirit and religious identity. This serves as a powerful reminder of the resilience of faith under persecution and the ultimate sovereignty of God over earthly powers.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/daniel/8.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(10) <span class= "bld">The host of heaven.--</span>Probably meaning the stars, as <a href="/jeremiah/33-22.htm" title="As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, neither the sand of the sea measured: so will I multiply the seed of David my servant, and the Levites that minister to me.">Jeremiah 33:22</a>, but in a metaphorical sense indicating the people of Israel. (Comp. <a href="/exodus/7-4.htm" title="But Pharaoh shall not listen to you, that I may lay my hand on Egypt, and bring forth my armies, and my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments.">Exodus 7:4</a>; <a href="/numbers/24-17.htm" title="I shall see him, but not now: I shall behold him, but not near: there shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Scepter shall rise out of Israel, and shall smite the corners of Moab, and destroy all the children of Sheth.">Numbers 24:17</a>.) The actions of Antiochus, predicted here, are related <a href="//apocrypha.org/1_maccabees/1-24.htm" title="And when he had taken all away, he went into his own land, having made a great massacre, and spoken very proudly.">1 Maccabees 1:24</a>; <a href="//apocrypha.org/1_maccabees/1-30.htm" title="And spake peaceable words unto them, but all was deceit: for when they had given him credence, he fell suddenly upon the city, and smote it very sore, and destroyed much people of Israel.">1 Maccabees 1:30</a>; <a href="//apocrypha.org/1_maccabees/1-37.htm" title="Thus they shed innocent blood on every side of the sanctuary, and defiled it:">1 Maccabees 1:37</a>; <a href="//apocrypha.org/1_maccabees/2-38.htm" title="So they rose up against them in battle on the sabbath, and they slew them, with their wives and children and their cattle, to the number of a thousand people.">1 Maccabees 2:38</a>; <a href="//apocrypha.org/2_maccabees/9-10.htm" title="And the man, that thought a little afore he could reach to the stars of heaven, no man could endure to carry for his intolerable stink.">2 Maccabees 9:10</a>. . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/daniel/8.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 10.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and it cast down some of the host and of the stars to the ground, and stamped upon them.</span> The reading of the LXX. is very different after the first clause, "And it was exalted to the stars of heaven, and it was shattered to the earth by thestars, and by them trampled down." The verb <span class="hebrew">תַּסֵּל</span> (<span class="accented">tappayl</span>) translated "cast down," has been read as if it had been <span class="hebrew">תֻּפַּל</span> (<span class="accented">tooppal</span>). So too the last verb has evidently been read <span class="hebrew">וַירְמְסוּהוּ</span> (<span class="accented">vayyir'msoohoo</span>) instead of <span class="hebrew">וַתִּרְמְסֵם</span> (<span class="accented">vattir'msaym</span>), due to the resemblance which there was between <span class="accented">yod</span> and tan in the older script. Theodotion differs hardly less from the Massoretic, "And it was magnified to the power of heaven, and it fell to the earth from the power of heaven and from the stars, and they trode them down." The verb translated "fell" is evidently read with a vocalization different from both the Massoretic and the LXX The sense of Theodotion is more in accordance with the Septuagint than with the Massoretic. The Peshitta and the Vulgate agree with the Massoretic. The question of which reading is to be preferred can scarcely be settled without regarding the meaning of the terms here used. The crucial point is - What is the meaning of the "host of heaven"? The general consensus of interpreters is that this refers to Israel. Some maintain that the best of heaven is Israel, and the stars their leaders (Glassins); the stars are the Levites (Grotius). Moses Stuart would hold the host to be the priests, and the stars the teachers. Kliefoth is right in commencing first with the picture, and requiring that it be realized in thought. The horn grows and grows before Daniel's gaze, until it seems to touch the stars, that is, the host of heaven. As to what is meant by the stars, we must look elsewhere for an explanation. Have we any right to take "the host of heaven" as meaning the people of God? The phrase, "host of heaven," occurs elsewhere in Scripture nearly a score of times, and it rover means anything else than the stars or the angels. Therefore all interpretations that make this mean either the people of God or the Levites, must be thrown aside. It may, however, mean the people of God mediately. A quite elaborate line of deduction has been brought forward - the promise to Abraham (<a href="/genesis/15-5.htm">Genesis 15:5</a>), to Isaac (<a href="/genesis/26-4.htm">Genesis 26:4</a>), that their seed should be as the stars of heaven, is brought into connection with the use of the word "hosts" in regard to Israel (<a href="/numbers/1-52.htm">Numbers 1:52</a>, etc.) - and the title given to God as the God of Israel, "Jehovah of hosts." This is very ingenious, but it has no support from scriptural usage or from the usage in apocalyptic writings. In the Book of Enoch, which, since it is modelled on this book, furnishes us with the earliest commentary on it, we find the stars are invariably the symbol of the angels. When we pass to the Book of Revelation, we find the same thing. We find when we pass on to the tenth chapter of this book, that all the nations are regarded as under the rule of some special angel We must apply, so far as we can, rules of interpretation which the author himself supplies us with. Using this guide, we see next that, when a nation was defeated and oppressed, its angel or star was regarded as thrown to the earth and trodden underfoot. The treatment Epiphanes meted out to Egypt and Palestine seems specially referred to. If we take the reading of the LXX., then the reference will be to the humiliation Epiphanes received at the hands of the Romans first, and then the Jews, and lastly the Elamites, whose temple he attempted to plunder. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/daniel/8-10.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">It grew as high</span><br /><span class="heb">וַתִּגְדַּ֖ל</span> <span class="translit">(wat·tiḡ·dal)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1431.htm">Strong's 1431: </a> </span><span class="str2">To grow up, become great</span><br /><br /><span class="word">as</span><br /><span class="heb">עַד־</span> <span class="translit">(‘aḏ-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5704.htm">Strong's 5704: </a> </span><span class="str2">As far as, even to, up to, until, while</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the host</span><br /><span class="heb">צְבָ֣א</span> <span class="translit">(ṣə·ḇā)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - common singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6635.htm">Strong's 6635: </a> </span><span class="str2">A mass of persons, reg, organized for, war, a campaign</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of heaven,</span><br /><span class="heb">הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם</span> <span class="translit">(haš·šā·mā·yim)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_8064.htm">Strong's 8064: </a> </span><span class="str2">Heaven, sky</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and it cast down</span><br /><span class="heb">וַתַּפֵּ֥ל</span> <span class="translit">(wat·tap·pêl)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5307.htm">Strong's 5307: </a> </span><span class="str2">To fall, lie</span><br /><br /><span class="word">some of</span><br /><span class="heb">מִן־</span> <span class="translit">(min-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4480.htm">Strong's 4480: </a> </span><span class="str2">A part of, from, out of</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the host</span><br /><span class="heb">הַצָּבָ֥א</span> <span class="translit">(haṣ·ṣā·ḇā)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - common singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6635.htm">Strong's 6635: </a> </span><span class="str2">A mass of persons, reg, organized for, war, a campaign</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and [some]</span><br /><span class="heb">וּמִן־</span> <span class="translit">(ū·min-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Preposition<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4480.htm">Strong's 4480: </a> </span><span class="str2">A part of, from, out of</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of the stars</span><br /><span class="heb">הַכּוֹכָבִ֖ים</span> <span class="translit">(hak·kō·w·ḵā·ḇîm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3556.htm">Strong's 3556: </a> </span><span class="str2">A star, a prince</span><br /><br /><span class="word">to the earth,</span><br /><span class="heb">אַ֛רְצָה</span> <span class="translit">(’ar·ṣāh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_776.htm">Strong's 776: </a> </span><span class="str2">Earth, land</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and trampled them.</span><br /><span class="heb">וַֽתִּרְמְסֵֽם׃</span> <span class="translit">(wat·tir·mə·sêm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular | third person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7429.htm">Strong's 7429: </a> </span><span class="str2">To tread upon</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/daniel/8-10.htm">Daniel 8:10 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/daniel/8-10.htm">Daniel 8:10 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/daniel/8-10.htm">Daniel 8:10 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/daniel/8-10.htm">Daniel 8:10 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/daniel/8-10.htm">Daniel 8:10 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/daniel/8-10.htm">Daniel 8:10 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/daniel/8-10.htm">Daniel 8:10 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/daniel/8-10.htm">Daniel 8:10 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/daniel/8-10.htm">Daniel 8:10 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/daniel/8-10.htm">Daniel 8:10 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/daniel/8-10.htm">OT Prophets: Daniel 8:10 It grew great even to the army (Dan. Da Dn) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/daniel/8-9.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Daniel 8:9"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Daniel 8:9" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/daniel/8-11.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Daniel 8:11"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Daniel 8:11" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>