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<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Microformats Wiki Atom feed" href="/wiki/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"/> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-location-formats rootpage-location-formats skin-vector action-view skin-vector-legacy"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">location-formats</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Microformats Wiki</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><h1><span class="mw-headline" id="location_formats">location formats</span></h1> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#location_formats"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">location formats</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Authors"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Authors</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#vCard_&_hCard"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">vCard & hCard</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#UPU_S42_&_OASIS_xNAL"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">UPU S42 & OASIS xNAL</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#ICBM"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">ICBM</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#GeoUrl"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">GeoUrl</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Flickr_Geotags"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Flickr Geotags</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Geotagging"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Geotagging</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#RSS"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext">RSS</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#RDF"><span class="tocnumber">1.9</span> <span class="toctext">RDF</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#GML"><span class="tocnumber">1.10</span> <span class="toctext">GML</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Open_Geospatical_Consortium_-_OGC"><span class="tocnumber">1.11</span> <span class="toctext">Open Geospatical Consortium - OGC</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#WMS"><span class="tocnumber">1.11.1</span> <span class="toctext">WMS</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#WCS"><span class="tocnumber">1.11.2</span> <span class="toctext">WCS</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#WFS"><span class="tocnumber">1.11.3</span> <span class="toctext">WFS</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Google"><span class="tocnumber">1.12</span> <span class="toctext">Google</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Google_Earth_XML"><span class="tocnumber">1.12.1</span> <span class="toctext">Google Earth XML</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#NMEA"><span class="tocnumber">1.13</span> <span class="toctext">NMEA</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Wikipedia"><span class="tocnumber">1.14</span> <span class="toctext">Wikipedia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#ISO6709"><span class="tocnumber">1.15</span> <span class="toctext">ISO6709</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Other_Formats"><span class="tocnumber">1.16</span> <span class="toctext">Other Formats</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Location_APIs"><span class="tocnumber">1.17</span> <span class="toctext">Location APIs</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Google_Maps_API"><span class="tocnumber">1.17.1</span> <span class="toctext">Google Maps API</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Yahoo_Maps_API"><span class="tocnumber">1.17.2</span> <span class="toctext">Yahoo Maps API</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Location_Data,_Tools_and_Sites"><span class="tocnumber">1.18</span> <span class="toctext">Location Data, Tools and Sites</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Address2Coordinates"><span class="tocnumber">1.18.1</span> <span class="toctext">Address2Coordinates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="#A2B"><span class="tocnumber">1.18.2</span> <span class="toctext">A2B</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#Plazes"><span class="tocnumber">1.18.3</span> <span class="toctext">Plazes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#Mapping_Sites"><span class="tocnumber">1.18.4</span> <span class="toctext">Mapping Sites</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#see_also"><span class="tocnumber">1.19</span> <span class="toctext">see also</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <p>This is a list of previous efforts at location / geographic ("Geo") data formats and protocols, as background research for developing <a href="/wiki/location" title="location">location</a> microformats. Continuation of work from <a href="/wiki/location-examples" title="location-examples">location-examples</a>, and following onto <a href="/wiki/location-brainstorming" title="location-brainstorming">location-brainstorming</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Authors">Authors</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/User:Tantek" title="User:Tantek">Tantek 脟elik</a></li> <li>Bud Gibson</li> <li>Ryan King</li> <li>Eron Wright</li> <li>...</li> <li>please add yourself if you help(ed) with this document.</li></ul> <h2><span id="vCard_.26_hCard"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="vCard_&_hCard">vCard & hCard</span></h2> <p>vCard (RFC2426) and <a href="/wiki/hcard" title="hcard">hcard</a> include 'adr', a way to markup addresses. They also have a field called 'geo' for lat/long. </p> <h2><span id="UPU_S42_.26_OASIS_xNAL"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="UPU_S42_&_OASIS_xNAL">UPU S42 & OASIS xNAL</span></h2> <p>UPU S42 is a standard for representing postal addresses. UPU, the Universal Postal Union, is the consortium of all national posts. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xml.coverpages.org/ni2003-06-17-a.html">UPU S42 Announcement</a>. xNAL, the XML Name and Address Language, is an earlier attempt to standardize on the components of addresses developed by OASIS, a consortium of business-process weenies. The distinction between vCard/hCard and S42/xAL/xNAL comes down to whether the address line elements themselves are decomposed. For example, in xNAL you can specify components like street number, street prefix directional, street name, street type, street postfix directional, subaddress type (Suite), subaddress number. </p><p>It is not always possible to conclusively determine these components from an address line, even in the US where addresses are more canonical than others. "A 4TH ST W STE 10" is a legal address line in the US. The street number and name are required (in the US) so this could be canonically decomposed as streetnumber="A", streetname="4TH", streettype="ST", postdirectional="W", subtype="STE", subtypenumber="10". </p><p>UPU S42 and OASIS xNAL standards are likely overkill for tagging general web content. However, they are important standards that should be considered in web-services involving both geocoding and reverse-geocoding. Perhaps standards related to decomposed addresses is something that should be placed on another page. </p><p>In addition, there should be pointers to national address standards. </p><p>USPS publishes a complete list of canonical abbreviations for both streettypes and subtypes. Their publications are self-inconsistent, but it is easy to infer the correct mappings. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usps.com/ncsc/lookups/usps_abbreviations.htm">USPS Acronyms & Abbreviations</a> </p><p>New Zealand apparently adopted a variant of xNAL <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-government.govt.nz/docs/xnal-guidelines-1-0/index.html">NZ xNAL Guidelines Release 1.0</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="ICBM">ICBM</span></h2> <p>One comma seperated pair of lat/long <code><meta name="ICBM" content="XXX.XXXXX, XXX.XXXXX"></code> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/I/ICBM-address.html">[1]</a> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="GeoUrl">GeoUrl</span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geourl.org/">GeoURL</a> <ul><li>This seems to have a decent amount of geeky adoption, though there are lots of typical invisible metadata problems, coordinates reversed, postive instead of negative etc.</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multimap.com/">Multimap.com</a> provides similar functionality to GeoUrl, searching for websites and weblogs which are geotagged or ICBM tagged, and adding them to local information databases.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Flickr_Geotags">Flickr Geotags</span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://steeev.f2o.org/mt/2005/05/geotagging_flickr_with_google_maps_and_greasemonkey_part_2.html">Flickr GeoTagging</a> A Greasemonkey script for adding lat and long tags to flick pictures. He uses Google Maps to get the lat and long. Users have to enter search terms (address, etc) and then select a point on the google map. Photos are tagged with "<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="geo:lat=xx.xxxx">geo:lat=xx.xxxx</a>", "<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="geo:lon=xx.xxxx">geo:lon=xx.xxxx</a>" and "geotagged" and aggregated at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://geobloggers.com/">[2]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flickr.com/groups/geotagging/">A Flickr Group related to the topic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://txfx.net/2005/05/17/flickr-google-maps-geobloggers/">A visual walkthrough of the technique.</a></li> <li>As of today (2005-06-01), 14k photos have been geotagged on Flickr.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mappr.com">mappr</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brainoff.com/worldkit/flick">mapping flickr</a> also support these geotags.</li> <li>flickr also supports <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flickr.com/services/api/flickr.photos.getExif.html">EXIF headers</a>, which can be used for storing location.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beta.plazes.com">plazes</a> also allows flickr photos to be tagged with geotags</li></ul> <p>This is somewhat of a problem though, as mechanically generated "tags" are not really tags. Including/setting Flickr "Geotags" could be considered pollution of truly user entered text, since the text of geotags is merely an encoding for a point on a map. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geotagging">Geotagging</span></h2> <ul><li>Geotagging has been employed in other hosted services: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brainoff.com/worldkit/delicious/">delicious</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldkit.typepad.com/">Typepad</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-yRZQpvY8cq2kWXBO5ZrxEmrwsg--?p=9">Yahoo 360</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zoto.com/users/geotags/">Zoto</a></li></ul> <p>But what do these references to "geotagging" mean? </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="RSS">RSS</span></h2> <p>Several people have tried putting geographic information into RSS. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://postneo.com/icbm/">This site</a> uses icbm coordinates and has plugins for several blogging packages.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blogmapper.com/">BlogMapper</a> - appears to be adding a namespace to RSS.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feedmap.net/BlogMap/">BlogMap</a> - picks up RSS extension and meta tag values</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brainoff.com/worldkit/doc/rss.php">worldKit RSS docs</a> - worldKit advocates and understands various flavors of geocoded RSS; particularly the "geo" namespace.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://earthquake.usgs.gov/recenteqsww/rss.html">USGS earthquake feed</a> - most widely used geocoded RSS feed</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brainoff.com/worldkit/doc/polygon.php">Polygons and lines in polygons</a> - A simple format for expressing polygons and lines is defined for worldKit</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://developer.yahoo.net/maps/">Yahoo Maps API</a> - uses "geo" ( <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#">http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#</a> ) and "ymaps" ( <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://api.maps.yahoo.com/Maps/V1/AnnotatedMaps.xsd">http://api.maps.yahoo.com/Maps/V1/AnnotatedMaps.xsd</a> ) namespaces to spatially-reference RSS as part of its API, specifically <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="geo:lat">geo:lat</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="geo:long">geo:long</a>, ymaps:Address, ymaps:CityState, ymaps:Zip</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://georss.org">GeoRSS</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="RDF">RDF</span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geosemantics.org/">Geosemantics Interest Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esw.w3.org/topic/GeoOnion">GeoOnion</a> - a SW vocuabulary for relating items by distance from each other.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapbureau.com/rdfmap1.0/index.html">RDFMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esw.w3.org/topic/GeoRDF">GeoRDF</a> similar effort to collect prior art, for an effort in interoperability between OGC standards and various lightweight geo formats.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="GML">GML</span></h2> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/docs/02-023r4.pdf">Geographic Markup Language</a> provides the most complete XML descriptiono of geographic information available. Fortunately, it is also in wide-spread use, so a commonly-used subset of the 600-page specification has emerged. GML is used in the OGC WFS payload described below. </p> <blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;"> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Open_Geospatical_Consortium_-_OGC">Open Geospatical Consortium - OGC</span></h2> <p>Since 1994, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/">Open Geospatial Consortium</a> has been developing open specifications to enable the exchange of geographic information between applications. While some GIS vendors opposed OGC initially, essentially all commercial GIS software companies have broken down their proprietary "stovepipes" by embracing OGC specifications. The recent groundswell of ajax mapping applications can benefit tremendously from using OGC specs. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="WMS">WMS</span></h3> <p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=5316">OGC Web Map Service (WMS) specification</a> makes it easy to request map images from a map rendering engine, such as the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/">UMN Map Server</a>. It is straightforward to build dynamic tiling ("slippy map") ajax applications that pull in OGC map tiles. At Where 2.0, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metacarta.com">MetaCarta</a> demonstrated such an OGC-capable ajax GIS client. The portal map providers (yahoo/gmaps/msn/map quest) do not yet offer WMS interfaces, so someone should wrap their proprietary interfaces in a WMS wrapper to encourage them :-) </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="WCS">WCS</span></h3> <p>Web Coverage Service extends WMS to enable attribute information about large area overview maps. </p><p><br /> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="WFS">WFS</span></h3> <p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=8339">OGC Web Feature Service (WFS) specification</a> is the best way to express geographic information about Web content. It is more complex than the <i>ad hoc</i> geoURL syntax, and for good reason: it can be loaded directly into any OGC-capable GIS even if the coordinate information is in a different projection/datum or is more complex than just a point. </p><p>WFS provides a robust means of querying for geographic entities, such as points, polygons, and more complex feature types. One can define new feature types simply by describing them. One can even specify the visual appearance of the geographic features using the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=1188">OGC Styled Layer Description (SLD) specification</a>. </p><p>WFS is to vector map data, as WMS is to raster map data. </p><p>Geographic search results, such as the yellow page information from the portals, could be presented in WFS. John Battelle commented that RSS forces publishers to attach their business model to their content, instead of to the web site holding the content, so that they can make money no matter where their content flows. The search portals will probably be forced to do the same, e.g. putting click-through ads in the RSS search results or WFS yellow page results, so that even when you display them in your customized ajax mapping application, the portal publishing the search results can still make money. </p> </blockquote> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Google">Google</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Google_Earth_XML">Google Earth XML</span></h3> <p>20050629 at Where 2.0 conference: </p> <pre>"Google Earth has an XML schema for describing a place on the earth. Will be releasing today or tomorrow." - John Hanke of Google/Keyhole. </pre> <p>Official KML <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keyhole.com/kml/kml_doc.html">Docs</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keyhole.com/kml/kml_tut.html">Tutorial</a> </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php/Cat/0/Number/16076/an/khGlobe/page/0#16076">Reverse-Engineered KML Schema</a> (deprecated now that KML 2.0 is officially released) </p><p>Note that KML supports the <i>altitude</i> component of a coordinate to support 3D terrain. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="NMEA">NMEA</span></h2> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpsinformation.org/dale/nmea.htmhttp://www.gpsinformation.org/dale/nmea.htm">Standard and Proprietary NMEA Sentances</a> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</span></h2> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Geographical_coordinates">Geo:Coordinates in Wikipedia Project</a> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="ISO6709">ISO6709</span></h2> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709">: ISO6709 Alpha-numerical representation of Latitude,Longitude,(Altitude)</a> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_Formats">Other Formats</span></h2> <ul><li>GPX = GPS XML format</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Geographical_coordinates">Wikipedia markup styles</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openguides.org/">OpenGuides</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://b.evnt.org">evnt</a> are both looking into real-world/folksonomic location name mappings</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Location_APIs">Location APIs</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Google_Maps_API">Google Maps API</span></h3> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/apis/maps/">Google Maps API documentation</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Yahoo_Maps_API">Yahoo Maps API</span></h3> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://developer.yahoo.net/maps/">Yahoo Maps API documentation</a></li></ul> <h2><span id="Location_Data.2C_Tools_and_Sites"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Location_Data,_Tools_and_Sites">Location Data, Tools and Sites</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Address2Coordinates">Address2Coordinates</span></h3> <p>These systems are freely available sources of address to lat/long mappings (US only). The first few are based on US Census data, so they might be up to date. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/">TIGER</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itl.nist.gov/fipspubs/55new/nav-top-fr.htm">FIPS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geocoder.us/">geocoder</a></li> <li>You can get coordinates from UK post-codes from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.streetmap.co.uk">streetmap</a></li> <li>Worldwide city level location data (over 4 million entries) is available from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/">GNS</a>. This is accessible as a REST service from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brainoff.com/geocoder/">worldkit geocoder</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mysociety.org/?p=83">mysociety.org</a> is providing an interesting name-based location look-up services. The results are returned as a CSV file!   For instance, the query <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gaze.mysociety.org/gaze-rest?f=find_places&country=US&state=CA&query=sunnyvale">http://gaze.mysociety.org/gaze-rest?f=find_places&country=US&state=CA&query=sunnyvale</a> returns</li></ul> <pre>"Name","In","Near","Latitude","Longitude","State","Score" "Sunnyvale","Santa Clara County","","37.36889","-122.03528","CA","100" </pre> <p>but with a mime-type (text/csv) that browsers don't understand. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="A2B">A2B</span></h3> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.a2b.cc/">A2B</a> is a location based search engine. Lat and long only. Seems to pick stuff up from geo meta tags. Pages can either be manually entered or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.a2b.cc/help-searching-addurl-blogping.a2b">pinged</a>. They support lat/long and ICBM meta tags. </p><p><br /> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Plazes">Plazes</span></h3> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plazes.com">Plazes</a> is a system that does geo-info based on the network access point that the user's computer is connected to. 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